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+[#]: subject: "Use this Linux command-line tool to learn more about your NVMe drives"
+[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/nvme-cli"
+[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins"
+[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
+[#]: translator: " "
+[#]: reviewer: " "
+[#]: publisher: " "
+[#]: url: " "
+
+Use this Linux command-line tool to learn more about your NVMe drives
+======
+The nvme-cli command has lots of useful options, and it's a great way to
+take control of how you manage your data.
+![Command line prompt][1]
+
+NVMe stands for _Non-Volatile Memory Express_, and it refers to how software and storage communicate across PCIe and other protocols, including TCP. It's an [open specification][2] led by a non-profit organization and defines several forms of solid-state storage.
+
+My laptop has an NVMe drive, as does my desktop. And they're fast. I love how quickly my computers boot and how quickly they're able to read and write data. There's no perceptible delay.
+
+It also didn't take long for me to get curious about the technology driving this ultra-fast storage, so I did a little investigation. I learned that NVMe drives consume less power while delivering much faster access to data compared to even SSD drives over SATA. That was interesting, but I wanted to know more about my particular NVMe drives, and I wanted to know how they compared with other drives. Could I securely erase the drive? How could I check its integrity?
+
+Those questions led me to an Internet search that yielded an open source project with a collection of tools to manage NVMe drives. It's called [nvme-cli][3].
+
+### Install nvme-cli
+
+You can install `nvme-cli` from your distribution's package manager. For instance, on Fedora, CentOS, or similar:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo dnf install nvme-cli`
+```
+
+On Debian, Mint, Elementary, and similar:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo apt install nvme-cli`
+```
+
+### Exploring an NVMe drive
+
+After installing `nvme-cli` for my distribution, I wanted to explore my drive. There's no man page for `nvme-cli`, but you can get lots of help by entering `nvme help`:
+
+
+```
+$ nvme help
+nvme-1.14
+usage: nvme <command> [<device>] [<args>]
+
+The '<device>' may be either an NVMe character device (ex: /dev/nvme0) or an
+nvme block device (ex: /dev/nvme0n1).
+
+The following are all implemented sub-commands:
+ list List all NVMe devices and namespaces on machine
+ list-subsys List nvme subsystems
+ id-ctrl Send NVMe Identify Controller
+ id-ns Send NVMe Identify Namespace, display structure
+ id-ns-granularity Send NVMe Identify Namespace Granularity List, display structure
+ list-ns Send NVMe Identify List, display structure
+ list-ctrl Send NVMe Identify Controller List, display structure
+ nvm-id-ctrl Send NVMe Identify Controller NVM Command Set, display structure
+ primary-ctrl-caps Send NVMe Identify Primary Controller Capabilities
+[...]
+```
+
+### List all NVMe drives
+
+The `sudo nvme list` command lists all NVMe devices and namespaces on your machine. I used it and found an NVMe drive at `/dev/nvme0n1`. Here is the output:
+
+
+```
+$ sudo nvme list
+
+Node SN Model Namespace Usage Format FW Rev
+
+\--------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------- -------------------------- ---------------- --------
+
+/dev/nvme0n1    S42GMY9M141281 SAMSUNG MZVLB256HAHQ-000L7 1
+
+214.68 GB / 256.06 GB 512  B + 0 B 0L2QEXD7
+```
+
+I have a drive called `nvme0n1`. It lists the serial number, brand, size, firmware revision, and so on.
+
+You can get even more information about the drive and the features it supports by using the `id-ctrl` subcommand:
+
+
+```
+$ sudo nvme id-ctrl /dev/nvme0n1
+NVME Identify Controller:
+vid : 0x144d
+ssvid : 0x144d
+sn : S42GMY9M141281
+mn : SAMSUNG MZVLB256HAHQ-000L7
+fr : 0L2QEXD7
+rab : 2
+ieee : 002538
+cmic : 0
+mdts : 9
+cntlid : 0x4
+ver : 0x10200
+rtd3r : 0x186a0
+rtd3e : 0x7a1200
+[...]
+```
+
+### Drive health
+
+You can read about the overall health of a drive with the `smart-log` subcommand:
+
+
+```
+$ sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0n1
+Smart Log for NVME device:nvme0n1 namespace-id:ffffffff
+critical_warning : 0
+temperature : 21 C
+available_spare : 100%
+available_spare_threshold : 10%
+percentage_used : 2%
+endurance group critical warning summary: 0
+data_units_read : 5,749,452
+data_units_written : 10,602,948
+host_read_commands : 77,809,121
+host_write_commands : 153,405,213
+controller_busy_time : 756
+power_cycles : 1,719
+power_on_hours : 1,311
+unsafe_shutdowns : 129
+media_errors : 0
+num_err_log_entries : 1,243
+Warning Temperature Time : 0
+Critical Composite Temperature Time : 0
+Temperature Sensor 1 : 21 C
+Temperature Sensor 2 : 22 C
+Thermal Management T1 Trans Count : 0
+Thermal Management T2 Trans Count : 0
+Thermal Management T1 Total Time : 0
+Thermal Management T2 Total Time : 0
+```
+
+This provides you with the drive's current temperature, the hours of use it's had so far, how many times it was unsafely shut down, and so on.
+
+### Formatting an NVMe drive
+
+You can format an NVMe drive with `nvme-cli`, but beware: This erases all of the data on the drive! If there's important data on your drive, you _must_ back it up before doing this, or else you **will** lose data. The subcommand is `format`:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo nvme format /dev/nvme0nX`
+```
+
+(For safety, I've replaced the actual location of the drive with **X** to prevent copy-paste mishaps. Change the **X** to **1** or the appropriate location as listed in the results of `nvme list`.)
+
+### Securely erasing an NVMe drive
+
+When you get ready to sell or dispose of your NVMe computer, you probably want to erase the drive securely. The same warnings apply here as with the format process: Back up important data first because this command erases it!
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo nvme sanitize /dev/nvme0nX`
+```
+
+### Try nvme-cli
+
+The `nvme-cli` command is released under a [GPLv2][4] license. It's a robust command with lots of useful options, and it's a great way to take control of how you manage your data.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/nvme-cli
+
+作者：[Don Watkins][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/command_line_prompt.png?itok=wbGiJ_yg (Command line prompt)
+[2]: https://nvmexpress.org/
+[3]: https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli
+[4]: https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli/blob/master/LICENSE