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自动选题[tech]: 20210920 Use this Linux command-line tool to learn more about your NVMe drives
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[#]: subject: "Use this Linux command-line tool to learn more about your NVMe drives"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/nvme-cli"
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[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: " "
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Use this Linux command-line tool to learn more about your NVMe drives
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======
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The nvme-cli command has lots of useful options, and it's a great way to
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take control of how you manage your data.
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![Command line prompt][1]
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NVMe stands for _Non-Volatile Memory Express_, and it refers to how software and storage communicate across PCIe and other protocols, including TCP. It's an [open specification][2] led by a non-profit organization and defines several forms of solid-state storage.
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My laptop has an NVMe drive, as does my desktop. And they're fast. I love how quickly my computers boot and how quickly they're able to read and write data. There's no perceptible delay.
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It also didn't take long for me to get curious about the technology driving this ultra-fast storage, so I did a little investigation. I learned that NVMe drives consume less power while delivering much faster access to data compared to even SSD drives over SATA. That was interesting, but I wanted to know more about my particular NVMe drives, and I wanted to know how they compared with other drives. Could I securely erase the drive? How could I check its integrity?
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Those questions led me to an Internet search that yielded an open source project with a collection of tools to manage NVMe drives. It's called [nvme-cli][3].
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### Install nvme-cli
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You can install `nvme-cli` from your distribution's package manager. For instance, on Fedora, CentOS, or similar:
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```
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`$ sudo dnf install nvme-cli`
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```
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On Debian, Mint, Elementary, and similar:
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```
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`$ sudo apt install nvme-cli`
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```
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### Exploring an NVMe drive
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After installing `nvme-cli` for my distribution, I wanted to explore my drive. There's no man page for `nvme-cli`, but you can get lots of help by entering `nvme help`:
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```
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$ nvme help
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nvme-1.14
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usage: nvme <command> [<device>] [<args>]
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The '<device>' may be either an NVMe character device (ex: /dev/nvme0) or an
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nvme block device (ex: /dev/nvme0n1).
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The following are all implemented sub-commands:
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list List all NVMe devices and namespaces on machine
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list-subsys List nvme subsystems
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id-ctrl Send NVMe Identify Controller
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id-ns Send NVMe Identify Namespace, display structure
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id-ns-granularity Send NVMe Identify Namespace Granularity List, display structure
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list-ns Send NVMe Identify List, display structure
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list-ctrl Send NVMe Identify Controller List, display structure
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nvm-id-ctrl Send NVMe Identify Controller NVM Command Set, display structure
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primary-ctrl-caps Send NVMe Identify Primary Controller Capabilities
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[...]
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```
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### List all NVMe drives
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The `sudo nvme list` command lists all NVMe devices and namespaces on your machine. I used it and found an NVMe drive at `/dev/nvme0n1`. Here is the output:
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```
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$ sudo nvme list
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Node SN Model Namespace Usage Format FW Rev
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\--------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------- -------------------------- ---------------- --------
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/dev/nvme0n1 S42GMY9M141281 SAMSUNG MZVLB256HAHQ-000L7 1
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214.68 GB / 256.06 GB 512 B + 0 B 0L2QEXD7
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```
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I have a drive called `nvme0n1`. It lists the serial number, brand, size, firmware revision, and so on.
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You can get even more information about the drive and the features it supports by using the `id-ctrl` subcommand:
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```
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$ sudo nvme id-ctrl /dev/nvme0n1
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NVME Identify Controller:
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vid : 0x144d
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ssvid : 0x144d
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sn : S42GMY9M141281
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mn : SAMSUNG MZVLB256HAHQ-000L7
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fr : 0L2QEXD7
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rab : 2
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ieee : 002538
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cmic : 0
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mdts : 9
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cntlid : 0x4
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ver : 0x10200
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rtd3r : 0x186a0
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rtd3e : 0x7a1200
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[...]
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```
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### Drive health
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You can read about the overall health of a drive with the `smart-log` subcommand:
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```
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$ sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0n1
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Smart Log for NVME device:nvme0n1 namespace-id:ffffffff
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critical_warning : 0
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temperature : 21 C
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available_spare : 100%
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available_spare_threshold : 10%
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percentage_used : 2%
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endurance group critical warning summary: 0
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data_units_read : 5,749,452
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data_units_written : 10,602,948
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host_read_commands : 77,809,121
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host_write_commands : 153,405,213
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controller_busy_time : 756
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power_cycles : 1,719
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power_on_hours : 1,311
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unsafe_shutdowns : 129
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media_errors : 0
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num_err_log_entries : 1,243
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Warning Temperature Time : 0
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Critical Composite Temperature Time : 0
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Temperature Sensor 1 : 21 C
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Temperature Sensor 2 : 22 C
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Thermal Management T1 Trans Count : 0
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Thermal Management T2 Trans Count : 0
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Thermal Management T1 Total Time : 0
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Thermal Management T2 Total Time : 0
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```
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This provides you with the drive's current temperature, the hours of use it's had so far, how many times it was unsafely shut down, and so on.
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### Formatting an NVMe drive
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You can format an NVMe drive with `nvme-cli`, but beware: This erases all of the data on the drive! If there's important data on your drive, you _must_ back it up before doing this, or else you **will** lose data. The subcommand is `format`:
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```
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`$ sudo nvme format /dev/nvme0nX`
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```
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(For safety, I've replaced the actual location of the drive with **X** to prevent copy-paste mishaps. Change the **X** to **1** or the appropriate location as listed in the results of `nvme list`.)
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### Securely erasing an NVMe drive
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When you get ready to sell or dispose of your NVMe computer, you probably want to erase the drive securely. The same warnings apply here as with the format process: Back up important data first because this command erases it!
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```
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`$ sudo nvme sanitize /dev/nvme0nX`
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```
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### Try nvme-cli
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The `nvme-cli` command is released under a [GPLv2][4] license. It's a robust command with lots of useful options, and it's a great way to take control of how you manage your data.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/nvme-cli
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作者：[Don Watkins][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/command_line_prompt.png?itok=wbGiJ_yg (Command line prompt)
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[2]: https://nvmexpress.org/
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[3]: https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli
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[4]: https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli/blob/master/LICENSE
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