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[Translated] 20180817 How To Lock The Keyboard And Mouse, But Not The Screen In Linux.md
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FSSlc Translating
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How To Lock The Keyboard And Mouse, But Not The Screen In Linux
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======
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My 4-years-old niece is a curious-kid. She loves “Avatar” movie very much. When the Avatar movie is on, she became so focused and her eyes are glued to the screen. But the problem is she often touches a key in the keyboard or move the mouse or click the mouse button while watching the movie. Sometimes, she accidentally close or pause the movie by pressing a key in the keyboard. So I was looking for a way to lock down both the keyboard and mouse, but not the screen. Luckily, I came across a perfect solution in Ubuntu forum. If you don’t want your cat or puppy walking on your keyboard or your kid messing up with the keyboard and mouse while you watching something important on the screen, I suggest you to try **“xtrlock”** utility. It is a simple, yet useful utility to lock the X display till the user enters their password at the keyboard. In this brief tutorial, I will show you how to lock the keyboard and mouse, but not the screen in Linux. This trick will work on all Linux operating systems.
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### Install xtrlock
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The xtrlock package is available in the default repositories of most Linux operating systems. So, you can install it using your distribution’s package manager.
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On **Arch Linux** and derivatives, run the following command to install it.
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S xtrlock
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```
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On **Fedora** :
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```
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$ sudo dnf install xtrlock
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```
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On **RHEL, CentOS** :
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```
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$ sudo yum install xtrlock
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```
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On **SUSE/openSUSE** :
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```
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$ sudo zypper install xtrlock
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```
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On **Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint** :
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install xtrlock
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```
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### Lock the Keyboard and Mouse, but not the Screen using xtrlock
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Once xtrlock installed, create a keyboard shortcut. You need this to lock the keyboard and mouse using the key combination of your choice.
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Create a new file called **lockkbmouse** in **/usr/local/bin**.
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```
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$ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/lockkbmouse
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```
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Add the following lines into it.
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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sleep 1 && xtrlock
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```
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Save the file and close the file.
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Make it as executable using the following command:
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```
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$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/lockkbmouse
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```
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Next, we need to create keyboard a shortcut.
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**In Arch Linux MATE desktop:**
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Go to **System - > Preferences -> Hardware -> keyboard Shortcuts**.
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Click **Add** to create a new shortcut.
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![][2]
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Enter the name for your shortcut and add the following line in the command box, and click **Apply** button.
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```
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bash -c "sleep 1 && xtrlock"
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```
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![][3]
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To assign the shortcut key, just select or double click on it and type the key combination of your choice. For example, I use **Alt+k**.
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![][4]
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To clear the key combination, press BACKSPACE key. Once you finished, close the Keyboard Settings window.
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**In Ubuntu GNOME DE:**
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Go to **System Settings - > Devices -> Keyboard**. Click the **+** symbol at the end.
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Enter the name for your shortcut and add the following line in the command box, and click **Add** button.
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```
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bash -c "sleep 1 && xtrlock"
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```
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![][5]
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Next, assign the shortcut key to the newly created shortcut. To do so, just select or double click on it and click on **“Set shortcut”** button.
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![][6]
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You will now see the following screen.
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![][7]
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Type the key combination of your choice. For example, I use **Alt+k**.
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![][8]
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To clear the key combination, press BACKSPACE key. The shortcut key has been assigned. Once you finished, close the Keyboard Settings window.
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From now on, whenever you press the keyboard shortcut key (ALT+k in our case), the mouse pointer will turn into a a padlock. Now, the keyboard and mouse have been locked, so you can freely watch the movies or whatever you want to. Even your kid or pet touches some keys on the keyboard or clicks a mouse button, they won’t work.
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Here is xtrclock in action.
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![][9]
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Do you see the a small lock button? It means that the keyboard and mouse have been locked. Even if you move the lock button, nothing will happen. The task in the background will keep running until you unlock your screen and manually close the running task.
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### Unlock keyboard and mouse
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To unlock the keyboard and mouse, simply type your password and hit “Enter”. You will not see the password as you type it. Just type the password anyway and hit ENTER key. The mouse and keyboard will start to work after you entered the correct password. If you entered an incorrect password, you will hear a bell sound. Press **ESC** key to clear the incorrect password and re-enter the correct password again. To remove one character of a partially typed password, press either **BACKSPACE** or **DELETE** keys.
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### What if I permanently get locked out of the screen?
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The xtrclock tool may not work on some DEs, for example GDM. It may permanently lock you out of the screen. Please test it in a virtual machine and then try it in your personal or official desktop if it really works. I tested this on Arch Linux MATE desktop and Ubuntu 18.04 GNOME desktop. It worked just fine.
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Just in case, you are locked out of the screen permanently, switch to the TTY (CTRL+ALT+F2) then run:
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```
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$ sudo killall xtrlock
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```
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Alternatively, you can use the **chvt** command to switch between TTY and X session.
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For example, to switch to TTY1, run:
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```
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$ sudo chvt 1
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```
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To switch back to the X session again, type:
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```
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$ sudo chvt 7
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```
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Different distros uses different key combinations to switch between TTYs. Please refer your distribution’s official website for more details.
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For more details about xtrlock, refer man pages.
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```
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$ man xtrlock
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```
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And, that’s all for now. Hope this helps. If you find our guides useful, please spend a moment to share them on your social, professional networks and support OSTechNix.
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**Resource:**
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* [**Ubuntu forum**][10]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/lock-keyboard-mouse-not-screen-linux/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Keyboard-Shortcuts_001.png
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[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Keyboard-Shortcuts_002.png
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[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Keyboard-Shortcuts_003.png
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[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Add-xtrlock-shortcut.png
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[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/set-shortcut-key-1.png
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[7]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/set-shortcut-key-2.png
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[8]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/set-shortcut-key-3.png
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[9]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/xtrclock-1.png
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[10]:https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=993800
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@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
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如何在 Linux 下锁住键盘和鼠标而不锁屏
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======
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我四岁的侄女是个好奇的孩子，她非常喜爱“阿凡达”电影，当阿凡达电影在播放时，她是如此的专注，好似眼睛粘在了屏幕上。但问题是当她观看电影时，她经常会碰到键盘上的某个键或者移动了鼠标，又或者是点击了鼠标的按钮。有时她非常意外地按了键盘上的某个键，从而将电影关闭或者暂停了。所以我就想找个方法来将键盘和鼠标都锁住，但屏幕不会被锁住。幸运的是，我在 Ubuntu 论坛上找到了一个完美的解决方法。假如在你正看着屏幕上的某些重要的事情时，你不想让你的小猫或者小狗在你的键盘上行走，或者让你的孩子在键盘上瞎搞一气，那我建议你试试 **xtrlock** 这个工具。它很简单但非常实用，你可以锁定屏幕的显示直到用户在键盘上输入自己设定的密码（译者注：就是用户自己的密码，例如用来打开屏保的那个密码，不需要单独设定）。在这篇简单的教程中，我将为你展示如何在 Linux 下锁住键盘和鼠标，而不锁掉屏幕。这个技巧几乎可以在所有的 Linux 操作系统中生效。
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### 安装 xtrlock
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xtrlock 软件包在大多数 Linux 操作系统的默认软件仓库中都可以获取到。所以你可以使用你安装的发行版的包管理器来安装它。
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在 **Arch Linux** 及其衍生发行版中，运行下面的命令来安装它：
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S xtrlock
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```
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在 **Fedora** 上使用：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install xtrlock
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```
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在 **RHEL, CentOS** 上使用：
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```
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$ sudo yum install xtrlock
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```
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在 **SUSE/openSUSE** 上使用：
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```
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$ sudo zypper install xtrlock
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```
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在 **Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint** 上使用：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install xtrlock
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```
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### 使用 xtrlock 锁住键盘和鼠标但不锁屏
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安装好 xtrlock 后，你需要根据你的选择来创建一个快捷键，通过这个快捷键来锁住键盘和鼠标。
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在 **/usr/local/bin** 目录下创建一个名为 **lockkbmouse** 的新文件：
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```
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$ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/lockkbmouse
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```
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然后将下面的命令添加到这个文件中：
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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sleep 1 && xtrlock
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```
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保存并关闭这个文件。
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然后使用下面的命令来使得它可以被执行：
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```
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$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/lockkbmouse
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```
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接着，我们就需要创建快捷键了。
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**在 Arch Linux MATE 桌面中**
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依次点击 **System -> Preferences -> Hardware -> keyboard Shortcuts**
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然后点击 **Add** 来创建快捷键。
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![][2]
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首先键入你的这个快捷键的名称，然后将下面的命令填入命令框中，最后点击 **Apply** 按钮。
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```
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bash -c "sleep 1 && xtrlock"
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```
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![][3]
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为了能够给这个快捷键赋予快捷方式，需要选中它或者双击它然后输入你选定的快捷键组合，例如我使用 **Alt+k** 这组快捷键。
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![][4]
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如果要清除这个快捷键组合，按住 `BACKSPACE` 键就可以了。完成后，关闭键盘设定窗口。
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**在 Ubuntu GNOME 桌面中**
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依次进入 **System Settings -> Devices -> Keyboard**，然后点击 **+** 这个符号。
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键入你快捷键的名称并将下面的命令加到命令框里面，然后点击 **Add** 按钮。
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```
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bash -c "sleep 1 && xtrlock"
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```
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![][5]
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接下来为这个新建的快捷键赋予快捷方式。我们只需要选择或者双击 **“Set shortcut”** 这个按钮就可以了。
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![][6]
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然后你将看到下面的一屏。
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![][7]
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输入你选定的快捷键组合，例如我使用 **Alt+k**。
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![][8]
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如果要清除这个快捷键组合，则可以按 `BACKSPACE` 这个键。这样快捷键便设定好了，完成这个后，关闭键盘设定窗口。
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从现在起，每当你输入刚才设定的快捷键（在我们的示例中是 `ATL+K`），鼠标的指针便会变成一个挂锁的模样。现在，键盘和鼠标便被锁定了，这时你便可以自在地观看你的电影或者做其他你想做的事儿。即便是你的孩子或者宠物碰了键盘上的某些键或者点击了鼠标，这些操作都不会起作用。
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因为 `xtrlock` 已经在工作了。
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![][9]
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你看到了那个小的锁按钮了吗？它意味着键盘和鼠标已经被锁定了。即便你移动这个锁按钮，也不会发生任何事情。后台的任务在一直执行，直到你将屏幕解除，然后手动停掉运行中的任务。
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### 将键盘和鼠标解锁
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要将键盘和鼠标解锁，只需要输入你的密码然后敲击“Enter”键就可以了，在输入的过程中你将看不到密码。只需要输入然后敲 `ENTER` 键就可以了。在你输入了正确的密码后，鼠标和键盘就可以再工作了。假如你输入了一个错误的密码，你将听到警告声。按 **ESC** 来清除输入的错误密码，然后重新输入正确的密码。要去掉未完全输入完的密码中的一个字符，只需要按 **BACKSPACE** 或者 **DELETE** 键就可以了。
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### 要是我被永久地锁住了怎么办？
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以防你被永久地锁定了屏幕，切换至一个 TTY（例如 CTRL+ALT+F2）然后运行：
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```
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$ sudo killall xtrlock
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```
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或者你还可以使用 **chvt** 命令来在 TTY 和 X 会话之间切换。
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例如，如果要切换到 TTY1，则运行：
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```
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$ sudo chvt 1
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```
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要切换回 X 会话，则键入：
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```
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$ sudo chvt 7
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```
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不同的发行版使用了不同的快捷键组合来在不同的 TTY 间切换。请参考你安装的对应发行版的官方网站了解更多详情。
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如果想知道更多 xtrlock 的信息，请参考 man 页：
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```
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$ man xtrlock
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```
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那么这就是全部了。希望这个指南可以帮到你。假如你发现这个指南很有用，请花点时间将这个指南共享到你的朋友圈并支持我们（OSTechNix）。
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**资源：**
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* [**Ubuntu 论坛**][10]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
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||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/lock-keyboard-mouse-not-screen-linux/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Keyboard-Shortcuts_001.png
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[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Keyboard-Shortcuts_002.png
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[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Keyboard-Shortcuts_003.png
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[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Add-xtrlock-shortcut.png
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[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/set-shortcut-key-1.png
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[7]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/set-shortcut-key-2.png
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[8]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/set-shortcut-key-3.png
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[9]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/xtrlock-1.png
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[10]:https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=993800
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