diff --git a/sources/tech/20150420 Managing file and directory attributes in linux using chattr and lsattr command.md b/translated/tech/20150420 Managing file and directory attributes in linux using chattr and lsattr command.md similarity index 55% rename from sources/tech/20150420 Managing file and directory attributes in linux using chattr and lsattr command.md rename to translated/tech/20150420 Managing file and directory attributes in linux using chattr and lsattr command.md index fe56511647..0aaef749c8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20150420 Managing file and directory attributes in linux using chattr and lsattr command.md +++ b/translated/tech/20150420 Managing file and directory attributes in linux using chattr and lsattr command.md @@ -1,9 +1,8 @@ -Translating by ictlyh -Managing file & directory attributes in linux using chattr & lsattr command +在Linux中用chattr和lsattr命令管理文件和目录属性 ================================================================================ -There are certain control attributes that may be set on a file or directory in order to allow data to be appended, to prevent it from being changed or deleted, etc. For example, you can enable attributes on a critical system file or directory so that no users, including root, can delete or change it, disallow a backup utility such as the dump command to back up a specific file or directory, and so on. These attributes can only be set on files and directories located in an ext2, ext3, or an ext4 file system +为了允许添加数据，防止更改或者删除等，文件和文件夹中设定了一定的控制属性。例如，你可以在关键系统文件或者文件夹中启用属性，然后没有用户，包括root，可以删除或者修改它，不允许比如dump命令等备份工具去备份一个特定的文件或者文件夹，等等。这些属性只可以在ext2，ext3或者ext4文件系统中的文件和文件夹上设定。 -There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute management. The following is the list of commonly used attributes +有两个命令 **lsattr** 和 **chattr** 用来管理属性。下面是常用属性的列表。 注：表格代码 @@ -13,10 +12,10 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man @@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

a (append)

@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

A

@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

c (compressed)

@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

d (dump)

@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

D

@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

e (extent format)

@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

i (immutable)

@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

j (journaling)

@@ -88,37 +87,37 @@ There are two commands **lsattr** and **chattr** that are used for attribute man

S (synchronous)

-

Attributes

+

属性

 -

Description

+

描述
-

Append operation is allowed on the file

+

允许在文件中进行追加操作
-

This attribute will not allow to update access time of a file

+

这个属性不允许更新文件的访问时间
-

When this attribute is enable then file is compressed on the disk automatically

+

启用这个属性时，文件在磁盘上会自动压缩
-

File cannot be backed up using the dump command.

+

不能使用dump命令备份文件
-

When D attribute is set on directory then changes are stored synchronously on the disk

+

设置了文件夹的D属性时，更改会在同步保存在磁盘上
-

It shows that the file is using extents for mapping the blocks on disk

+

它表明，该文件使用扩展到映射磁盘上的块
-

When this attribute is enable on file then we cannot be altered, renamed and delete file.

+

在文件上启用这个属性时，我们不能更改，重命名或者删除这个文件
-

When this attribute is set then file’s data is stored in journal first then written to file.

+

设置了这个属性时，文件的数据首先保存在日志中，然后再写入文件
-

When this attribute is set , then changes or modifications are stored synchronously on the disk

+

设置了这个属性时，变更或更改同步保存到磁盘上
-Different Options that can be used in chattr Command : +chattr属性中可以使用的不同选项 ： -- **-R** change attributes of directory and its sub-directories recursively -- **-V** Verbose output of chattr command along with version. -- **-f** Suppress most error messages. +- **-R** 递归地修改文件夹和子文件夹的属性 +- **-V** chattr命令的输出伴随版本信息 +- **-f** 压缩大部分错误信息 -**Operators** that are used in chattr command to set and unset attributes +在chattr中用于设置或者取消属性的 **操作符** -- The ‘+’ sign is used to set attribute on the files and directories, -- The ‘-‘ sign is used to remove or unset the attribute -- The ‘=’ sign causes them to be the only attributes that the files have. +- ‘+’ 符号用来为文件和文件夹设置属性， +- ‘-‘ 符号用来移除或者取消属性 +- ‘=’ 使它们成为文件有的唯一属性。 -Basic Syntax of **chattr** and **lsattr** command : +**chattr** 和 **lsattr** 命令的基本语法 ： # chattr # lsattr -### Example:1 Make a file immutable using ‘i’ attribute ### +### 例:1 使用‘i’属性使文件不可更改 ### [root@linuxtechi ~]# chattr +i dummy_data [root@linuxtechi ~]# lsattr dummy_data ----i----------- dummy_data -Now try to remove and edit the File +现在试着删除或者修改文件 [root@linuxtechi ~]# rm -f dummy_data rm: cannot remove ‘dummy_data’: Operation not permitted @@ -126,26 +125,26 @@ Now try to remove and edit the File [root@linuxtechi ~]# echo "test" >> dummy_data -bash: dummy_data: Permission denied -### Example:2 Remove the immutable attribute ### +### 例:2 移除不可更改属性 ### [root@linuxtechi ~]# chattr -i dummy_data [root@linuxtechi ~]# lsattr dummy_data ---------------- dummy_data -### Example:3 To allow only append operations on the file ### +### 例:3 在文件中只允许追加操作 ### [root@linuxtechi ~]# chattr +a dummy_data [root@linuxtechi ~]# lsattr dummy_data -----a---------- dummy_data -Now try to append the contents of fstab file in dummy_data file +现在试着把fstab文件的内容追加到dummy_data文件 [root@linuxtechi ~]# cat /etc/fstab >> dummy_data [root@linuxtechi ~]# -### Example :4 Secure Directory and its sub-directories using -R option and ‘+i’ attribute. ### +### 例 :4 使用 -R 选项和 ‘+i’ 属性使文件夹和它的子文件夹成为安全目录 ### -Let’s create a directory sysadmin and its subdirectories +让我们来新建一个sysadmin文件夹和它的子文件夹 [root@linuxtechi ~]# mkdir sysadmin [root@linuxtechi ~]# mkdir sysadmin/admim_{1,2,3,4,5} @@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ Let’s create a directory sysadmin and its subdirectories drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 19 09:50 admim_4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 19 09:50 admim_5 -Set immutable attribute Recursively on the directory sysadmin +在sysadmin文件夹递归设置不可更改属性 [root@linuxtechi ~]# chattr -R +i sysadmin @@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ Set immutable attribute Recursively on the directory sysadmin sysadmin/admim_5: [root@linuxtechi ~]# -Now try to delete directories using rm command +现在试着用rm命令删除文件夹 [root@linuxtechi ~]# rm -rf sysadmin rm: cannot remove ‘sysadmin/admim_1’: Permission denied @@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ Now try to delete directories using rm command rm: cannot remove ‘sysadmin/admim_5’: Permission denied [root@linuxtechi ~]# -To unset the the attributes recursively use the below command +使用以下命令递归取消属性 [root@linuxtechi ~]# chattr -R -i sysadmin @@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ To unset the the attributes recursively use the below command via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/file-directory-attributes-in-linux-using-chattr-lsattr-command/ 作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出