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How to Develop Own Custom Linux Distribution From Scratch
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================================================================================
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Have you ever thought of making your own Linux Distribution? Every Linux user in their journey to Linux thought of making their own Linux distribution, at-least once. Even I was not an exception as a newbie to Linux land and have given my considerable time developing my own Linux Distribution. Developing a Linux Distribution from scratch is called Linux From Scratch (LFS)
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Before starting, I concluded a few things about LFS which can be described as:
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### 1. Those who want to develop their own Linux Distribution should understand the difference between Developing a Linux distribution from scratch (by scratch means starting from the beginning) or all you want is just to tweak an already available Linux Distro. ###
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If you just want to tweak flash screen, customize login and preferably work on the look and feel of Linux OS, you can choose any fair Linux Distribution and customize it the way you want. Moreover a lots of tweaking tools there will help.
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If you want to put all the necessary files and boot-loaders and kernel and choose what to include and what not to include and then compile everything yourselves you need to develop Linux From Scratch (LFS).
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**Note**: If you just want to customize the look and feel of a Linux OS, this guide is not for you. If you really want to develop a Linux distribution from scratch and want to know where to start and other basic information, here is the guide for you.
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### 2. Pros of Developing own Linux Distribution (LFS): ###
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- You get to know the internal working of Linux OS.
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- You develop a very flexible OS as per your need.
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- Your developed OS (LFS) will be very compact as you have full control over what to include/exclude.
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- You Development (LFS) will have added security.
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### 3. Cons of Developing own Linux Distribution (LFS): ###
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Developing a Linux OS from scratch means putting all the necessary things together and compile. This requires a lot of reading, patience and time. Also you should have a working Linux System to develop LFS and fairly enough disk space.
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### 4. Interesting to know, that Gentoo/GNU Linux is closest to LFS to certain extent. Both Gentoo and LFS is the customized Linux System built entirely out from compilation of Source. ###
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### 5. You should be experienced Linux user having good knowledge of package compilation, resolving dependencies, and pro in shell scripting language. Knowledge of a programming language (Preferably C) will ease things for you. Even if you are a newbie but a good learner and grasp the things quickly, you may start as well. The most important part is you should not loose your enthusiasm throughout the process of LFS development. ###
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If you are not determined enough, I fear you may leave building your LFS in the middle.
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### 6. Now you need a step-by-step guide, So that Linux can be developed from scratch. LFS is the official guide to develop Linux From Scratch. Our partner site tradepub has made available LFS guide to our readers and that too for free. ###
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You can download the Linux From Scratch book from the below link:
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[][1]
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Download: [Linux From Scratch][1]
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### About: Linux From Scratch ###
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This book is created by Gerard Beekmans, who is the Project Leader of LFS and Edited by Matthew Burgess and Bruse Dubbs, both of whom are Co-leader of the Project. This book is extensive and expands over 338 pages.
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Having covered – Introduction to LFS, Preparing for the build, Build LFS from Scratch, Setting up of Boot scripts, Making LFS Bootable followed by Appendices, it has all you want to know on LFS Project.
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Also this book gives you the estimated time required for the compilation of a package. The estimated time are calculated based upon the reference of the compilation time of the first package. All the details are presented in a manner easy to understand and implement, even for newbies.
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If you have plenty of time and really interested in developing your own Linux Distribution you would never want to miss a chance to download this ebook and that too for free. All you need is, to start developing your own Linux OS using this ebook along with a working Linux OS (Any Linux Distribution with enough Disk Space), Time and Enthusiasm.
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If Linux fascinates you, if you want to understand Linux from scratch and want to develop your own Linux Distribution, then this is all you should know at this stage, for most of other things you may like to refer to the book, in the above link.
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Also let me know your experience with the book. How ease it was to get along the elaborated LFS guide? Also if you have already Developed a LFS and want to give some tips to our readers, your feedbacks are welcome.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/create-custom-linux-distribution-from-scratch/
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作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
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[1]:http://tecmint.tradepub.com/free/w_linu01/prgm.cgi
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3 Useful Hacks Every Linux User Must Know
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================================================================================
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The world of Linux is filled with so much fun and interesting stuffs, the more we go in, the more we find stuffs. In our efforts to bring those little hacks and tips for you that makes you different from others, here we have came up with three little tricks.
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### 1. How to Schedule a Linux Job Without Cron ###
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Scheduling a job/command in Linux is acronym to cron. Whenever we need to schedule a job, we call cron, but do you know we can schedule a job at a later time without corn? You can do it as suggested below..
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Run a command (say date) every 5 sec and write the output to a file (say date.txt). To achieve this scenario, we need to run the below one liner script directly on the command prompt.
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$ while true; do date >> date.txt ; sleep 5 ; done &
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Anatomy of the above one liner script:
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- while true – Ask script to run while the condition is true, it acts as a loop which makes the command to run again-and-again or say in a loop.
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- do – do perform what follows, ie., execute command or set of commands that lies ahead of do statement.
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- date >> date.txt – here the output of date command is being written to a file date.txt. Also note that we have used >> and not >.
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- >> ensures that the file (date.txt) is not overwritten every time the script execute. It just append the changes. Whereas > overwrite the file again and again.
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- sleep 5 – It ask the shell to keep a time difference of 5 seconds before it executed again. Note the time here is always measured in seconds. Say if you want to execute the command every 6 minutes, you should use (6*60) 360, in succession of sleep.
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- done – marks the end of while loop.
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- & – Put the whole process in loop to background.
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Similarly, we can execute any script in the same manner. Here is the command to call a script after certain interval (say 100 sec) and the name of script is `script_name.sh`.
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Also worth mentioning that the script above should be run in the directory where the script to be called lies, else you need to provide full path (`/home/$USER/…/script_name.sh`). The syntax for calling script at above described interval is:
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$ while true; do /bin/sh script_name.sh ; sleep 100 ; done &
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**Conclusion**: The above one liner is not a replacement of Cron, because Cron utility supports a whole lots of options, as compared and is very flexible as well as customizable. However if we want to run certain test cases or I/O benchmark, then the above singe command will serve the purpose.
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Read Also: [11 Linux Cron Job Scheduling Examples][1]
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### 2. How to Clear Terminal without Using ‘clear’ Command ###
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What we do to clear the screen? Well you may think how silly it is to ask such question. Well, we all know it’s ‘clear‘ command. However if we make a habit of using key combination ‘ctrl+l‘ to clear terminal, we will save a lot of time of ours.
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Key combination ‘Ctrl+l‘ has the same effect as ‘clear‘ command. So from next time use ctrl+l to clear your Linux Command Line Interface.
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**Conclusion**: Since ctrl+l is a key combination, so we can not use it inside a script. If we need to clear screen inside a shell script, call command ‘clear’, for all other cases I could think of now, ctrl+l is more than sufficient.
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### 3. Run a command and come back to the current working directory automatically. ###
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Well this is an amazing hack not many people know. You may run a command no matter what it return back to the current directory. All you need to do is to run the command in parentheses i.e., in between `( and )`.
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Let see the example,
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avi@deb:~$ (cd /home/avi/Downloads/)
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#### Sample Output ####
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avi@deb:~
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First it cd to directory Downloads and then again return back to home directory in one go. May be you believe that the command didn’t executed and for some reason one or another it is not throwing error, since there is no change in prompt. Lets do a little more tweak..
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avi@deb:~$ (cd /home/avi/Downloads/ && ls -l)
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#### Sample Output ####
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-rw-r----- 1 avi avi 54272 May 3 18:37 text1.txt
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-rw-r----- 1 avi avi 54272 May 3 18:37 text2.txt
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-rw-r----- 1 avi avi 54272 May 3 18:37 text3.txt
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avi@deb:~$
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So in the above command it first changed the current directory to Downloads and then list the content of that directory before returning back to current directory. Also, it proves that command executed successfully. You may run any sort of command in the parentheses and return back to your current working directory without a hitch.
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That’s all for now, if you know any such Linux hacks or tricks you may share with us via our comment section and don’t forget to share this article with your friends….
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/useful-linux-hacks-commands/
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作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/11-cron-scheduling-task-examples-in-linux/
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How To Check Laptop CPU Temperature In Ubuntu
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================================================================================
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Overheating of laptops is a common issue one faces these days. Monitoring hardware temperature may help you to diagnose why laptop is getting overheated. In this article, we’ll see **how to check CPU temperature in Ubuntu**.
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We are going to use a GUI tool [Psensor][1] that allows you to monitor hardware temperature in Linux. With Psensor you can:
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- monitor the temperature of the motherboard and CPU sensors
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- monitor the temperature of the NVidia GPUs
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- monitor the temperature of the Hard Disk Drives
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- monitor the rotation speed of the fans
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- monitor the CPU usage
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Latest version of Psensor also provides applet indicator for Ubuntu and thus it makes the monitoring of hardware temperature even easier in Ubuntu. You can choose to display the temperature right in the top panel itself. It even sends a desktop notification when the temperature exceeds the limit.
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### How to install Psensor in Ubuntu 15.04 and 14.04 ###
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Before you install Psensor, you need to install and configure [lm-sensors][2], a command line utility for hardware monitoring. If you want to measure hard disk temperature, you need to install [hddtemp][3] as well. To install these tools, run the following command in a terminal:
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sudo apt-get install lm-sensors hddtemp
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Then start the detection of your hardware sensors:
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sudo sensors-detect
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To make sure that it works, run the command below:
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sensors
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It will give you an output like:
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acpitz-virtual-0
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Adapter: Virtual device
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temp1: +43.0°C (crit = +98.0°C)
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coretemp-isa-0000
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Adapter: ISA adapter
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Physical id 0: +44.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
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Core 0: +41.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
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Core 1: +40.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
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If everything seems alright, proceed with the installation of Psensor by using the command below:
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sudo apt-get install psensor
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Once installed, run the application by looking for it in Unity Dash. At first run, you should configure on what stats do you want to collect in Psensor.
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### Display temperature in the panel ###
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If you want to show the temperature in the top panel, go to **Sensor Preferences**:
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Then under the **Application Indicator** menu, select the component for which you want to display the temperature and then check the **Display sensor in the label** option.
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### Start Psensor at each start up ###
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Go to **Preferences->Startup** and the check **Launch on session startup** to start Psensor at each boot.
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That’s it. All you need to monitor the CPU temperature is here. You can keep an eye on it and it may help you find out which process is overheating your computer.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://itsfoss.com/check-laptop-cpu-temperature-ubuntu/
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作者：[Abhishek][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[1]:http://wpitchoune.net/blog/psensor/
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[2]:http://www.lm-sensors.org/
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[3]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Hddtemp
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How to Create Own Online Shopping Store Using “OpenCart” in Linux
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================================================================================
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In the Internet world we are doing everything using a computer. Electronic Commerce aka e-commerce is one one of them. E-Commerce is nothing new and it started in the early days of ARPANET, where ARPANET used to arrange sale between students of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
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These days there are some 100’s of E-Commerce site viz., Flipcart, eBay, Alibaba, Zappos, IndiaMART, Amazon, etc. Have you thought of making your own Amazon and Flipcart like web-based Application Server? If yes! This article is for you.
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Opencart is a free and open source E-Commerce Application written in PHP, which can be used to develop a shopping cart system similar to Amazon and Flipcart. If you want to sell your products online or want to serve your customers even when you are closed Opencart is for you. You can build a successful online store (for online merchants) using reliable and professional Opencart Application.
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### OpenCart Web Panel Demo ###
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- Store Front – [http://demo.opencart.com/][1]
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- Admin Login – [http://demo.opencart.com/admin/][2]
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------------------ Admin Login ------------------
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Username: demo
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Password: demo
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#### Features of Opencart ####
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Opencart is an application that meets all the requirements of an online merchant. It has all the features (see below) using which you can make your own E-Commerce Website.
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- It is a Free (as in beer) and Open Source (as in speech) Application released under GNU GPL License.
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- Everything is well documented, means you don’t need to Google and shout for help.
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- Free Life time support and updates.
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- Unlimited number of categories, Products and manufacturer supported.
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- Everything is Template based.
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- Multi-Language and Multi-Currency Supported. It ensures your product gets a global reach.
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- Built-in Product Review and Rating Features.
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- Downloadable Products (viz., ebook) supported.
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- Automatic Image Resizing supported.
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- Features like Multi tax Rates (as in various country), Viewing Related Products, Information Page, Shipping Weight Calculation, Availing Discount Coupons, etc are well implemented by default.
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- Built-in Backup and Restore tools.
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- Well implemented SEO.
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- Invoice Printing, Error Log and sales report are supported as well.
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#### System Requirements ####
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- Web Server (Apache HTTP Server Preferred)
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- PHP (5.2 and above).
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- Database (MySQLi Preferred but I am using MariaDB).
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#### Required PHP Libraries and Modules ####
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These extensions must be installed and enabled on your system to install Opencart properly on the web server.
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- Curl
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- Zip
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- Zlib
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- GD Library
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- Mcrypt
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- Mbstrings
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### Step 1: Installing Apache, PHP and MariaDB ###
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1. As I said, OpenCart requires certain technical requirements such as Apache, PHP with extensions and Database (MySQL or MariaDB) to be installed on the system, in order to run Opencart properly.
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Let’s install Apache, PHP and MariaDB using following Command.
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**Install Apache**
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# apt-get install apache2 (On Debian based Systems)
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# yum install httpd (On RedHat based Systems)
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**Install PHP and Extensions**
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# apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-curl php5-mcrypt (On Debian based Systems)
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# yum install php php-mysql php5-curl php5-mcrypt (On RedHat based Systems)
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**Install MariaDB**
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# apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client (On Debian based Systems)
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# yum install mariadb-server mariadb (On RedHat based Systems)
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2. After installing all the above required things, you can start the Apache and MariaDB services using following commands.
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------------------- On Debian based Systems -------------------
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# systemctl restart apache2.service
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# systemctl restart mariadb.service
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----------
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------------------- On RedHat based Systems -------------------
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# systemctl restart httpd.service
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# systemctl restart mariadb.service
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### Step 2: Downloading and Setting OpenCart ###
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3. The most recent version of OpenCart (2.0.2.0) can be obtained from [OpenCart website][3] or directly from github.
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Alternatively, you may use following wget command to download the latest version of OpenCart directly from github repository as shown below.
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# wget https://github.com/opencart/opencart/archive/master.zip
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4. After downloading zip file, copy to Apache Working directory (i.e. /var/www/html) and unzip the master.zip file.
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# cp master.zip /var/www/html/
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# cd /var/www/html
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# unzip master.zip
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5. After extracting ‘master.zip‘ file, cd to extracted directory and move the content of upload directory to the root of the application folder (opencart-master).
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# cd opencart-master
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# mv -v upload/* ../opencart-master/
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6. Now you need to rename or copy OpenCart configuration files as shown below.
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# cp /var/www/html/opencart-master/admin/config-dist.php /var/www/html/opencart-master/admin/config.php
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# cp /var/www/html/opencart-master/config-dist.php /var/www/html/opencart-master/config.php
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7. Next, set correct Permissions to the files and folders of /var/www/html/opencart-master. You need to provide RWX permission to all the files and folders there, recursively.
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# chmod 777 -R /var/www/html/opencart-master
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**Important**: Setting permission 777 may be dangerous, so as soon as you finish setting up everything, revert back to permission 755 recursively on the above folder.
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### Step 3: Creating OpenCart Database ###
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8. Next step is to create a database (say opencartdb) for the E-Commerce site to store data on the database. Connect to databaser server and create a database, user and grant correct privileges on the user to have full control over the database.
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# mysql -u root -p
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CREATE DATABASE opencartdb;
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CREATE USER 'opencartuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEDGES ON opencartdb.* TO 'opencartuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED by 'mypassword';
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### Step 4: OpenCart Web Installation ###
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9. Once everything set correctly, navigate to the web browser and type `http://<web server IP address>` to access the OpenCart web installation.
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Click ‘CONTINUE‘ to Agree the License Agreement.
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Accept OpenCart License
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10. The next screen is Pre-installation Server Setup Check, to see that the server has all the required modules are installed properly and have correct permission on the OpenCart files.
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If any red marks are highlighted on #1 or #2, that means you need to install those components properly on the server to meet web server requirements.
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If there are any red marks on #3 or #4, that means there is issue with your files. If everything is correctly configured you should see all green marks are visible (as seen below), you may press “Continue“.
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Server Requirement Check
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11. On the next screen enter your Database Credentials like Database Driver, Hostname, User-name, Password, database. You should not touch db_port and Prefix, until and unless you know what you are doing.
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||||
|
||||
Also Enter User_name, Password and Email Address for Administrative account. Note these credentials will be used for logging in to Opencart Admin Panel as root, so keep it safe. Click continue when done!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCart Database Details
|
||||
|
||||
12. The next screen shows message like “Installation Complete” with the Tag Line Ready to Start Selling. Also it warns to delete the installation directory, as everything required to setup using this directory has been accomplished.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCart Installation Completes
|
||||
|
||||
To Remove install directory, you may like to run the below command.
|
||||
|
||||
# rm -rf /var/www/html/opencart-master/install
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 4: Access OpenCart Web and Admin ###
|
||||
|
||||
13. Now point your browser to `http://<web server IP address>/opencart-master/` and you would see something like the below screenshot.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCart Product Showcase
|
||||
|
||||
14. In order to login to Opencart Admin Panel, point your browser to http://<web server IP address>/opencart-master/admin and fill the Admin Credentials you input, while setting it up.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCart Admin Login
|
||||
|
||||
15. If everything ok! You should be able to see the Admin Dashboard of Opencart.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCart Dashboard
|
||||
|
||||
Here in Admin Dashboard you may set up a lots of options like categories, product, options, Manufacturers, Downloads, Review, Information, Extension Installer, Shipping, Payment options, order totals, gift voucher, Paypal, Coupons, Affiliates, marketing, mails, Design and Settings, Error logs, in-built analytics and what not.
|
||||
|
||||
#### What after testing the tools? ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you have already tested the Application and finds it customizable, flexible, Rock Solid, Easy to maintain and use, you may need a good hosting provider to host OpenCart application, that remains live 24X7 support. Though there are a lot of options for hosting providers we recommend Hostgator.
|
||||
|
||||
Hostgator is a Domain Registrant and Hosting Provider that is very well known for the service and feature it provides. It Provides you with UNLIMITED Disk Space, UNLIMITED Bandwidth, Easy to install (1-click install script), 99.9% Uptime, Award winning 24x7x365 Technical Support and 45 days money back guarantee, which means if you didn’t like the product and service you get your money back within 45 days of purchasing and mind it 45 days is a long time to Test.
|
||||
|
||||
So if you have something to sell you can do it for free (by free I mean, Think of the cost you would spend on getting a physical store and then compare it with virtual store setting-up cost. You will feel its free).
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: When you buy hosting (and/or Domain) from Hostgator you will get a **Flat 25% OFF**. This offer is valid only for the readers of Tecmint Site.
|
||||
|
||||
All you have to do is to Enter Promocode “**TecMint025**” during the payment of hosting. For reference see the preview of payment screen with promo code.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Sign up for Hostgator][4] (Coupon code: TecMint025)
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: Also worth mentioning, that for each hosting you buy from Hostgator to host OpenCart, we will get a small amount of commission, just to keep Tecmint Live (by Paying Bandwidth and hosting charges of server).
|
||||
|
||||
So If you buy it using the above code, you get discount and we will get a small amount. Also note that you won’t pay anything extra, infact you will be paying 25% less on total bill.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
OpenCart is an application that performs out-of-the box. It is easy to install and you have the option to choose best suited templates, add your products and you become an online merchant.
|
||||
|
||||
A lots of community made extensions(free and paid) makes it rich. It is a wonderful application for those who want to setup a virtual store and remain accessible to their customer 24X7. Let me know yours experience with the application. Any suggestion and feedback is welcome as well.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/create-e-commerce-online-shopping-store-using-opencart-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://demo.opencart.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://demo.opencart.com/admin/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.opencart.com/index.php?route=download/download/
|
||||
[4]:http://secure.hostgator.com/%7Eaffiliat/cgi-bin/affiliates/clickthru.cgi?id=tecmint
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
|
||||
How to Kill Linux Processes/Unresponsive Applications Using ‘xkill’ Command
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
How do we kill a resource/process in Linux? Obviously we find the PID of the resource and then pass the PID to the kill command.
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking more accurately, we can find PID of a resource (say terminal) as:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ps -A | grep -i terminal
|
||||
|
||||
6228 ? 00:00:00 gnome-terminal
|
||||
|
||||
In the above output, the number ‘6228‘ is the PID of process (gnome-terminal), use the kill command to kill the process as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
$ kill 6228
|
||||
|
||||
The kill command sends a signal to a process, whose PID is passed along with the command.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, we can use pkill command, which kills a process based upon name and other attributes of a process. To kill a process say whose name is terminal, we need to execute:
|
||||
|
||||
$ pkill terminal
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: The process name length in pkill is limited to 15 characters.
|
||||
|
||||
pkill seems more handy as you can kill a process without have to find out its PID. But if you want to have a better control on your system nothing beats ‘kill‘ command. Using kill you will have better insight of what process you are killing.
|
||||
|
||||
We have already covered a detailed guide on [kill, pkill and killall commands][1].
|
||||
|
||||
For those who are running X server there is another tool called xkill which can kill a process from its X window without passing process name or its PID.
|
||||
|
||||
xkill utility forces X server to close communications to its client which results into killing of client by its X resource. xkill which is a part of X11 utilities is very handy in killing unnecessary windows.
|
||||
|
||||
It support options like connect to specific X Server (-display displayname) using display number when multiple X Servers are running on a host simultaneously and kill all the client (-all, not recommended) with top-level windows on the screen as well as take frame (-frame) into account.
|
||||
|
||||
To get a list of all the clients you may run:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xlsclients
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sample Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
' ' /usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice
|
||||
deb gnome-shell
|
||||
deb Docky
|
||||
deb google-chrome-stable
|
||||
deb soffice
|
||||
deb gnome-settings-daemon
|
||||
deb gnome-terminal-server
|
||||
|
||||
If no resource identifier is passed with id, xkill turns the mouse Pointer into special Symbol, similar to ‘X‘. Just click on the window you want to kill and this will kill its communication with server or say the program gets killed.
|
||||
|
||||
$ xkill
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kill Process Using xkill
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to notice that xkill do not guarantee that closing its communication will kill/abort it successfully. Most of the application will get killed when it’s communication to server is closed. However a few may still be running.
|
||||
|
||||
Points Needed to be mentioned here:
|
||||
|
||||
- This tool works only when X11 server is running, as xkill is a part of X11 utility.
|
||||
- Don’t confuse with Closing and killing a resource. While killing a resource you may expect it not to exit cleanly.
|
||||
- This is not a replacement of kill utility.
|
||||
|
||||
**Do I need to go to Linux command line to invoke xkill?**
|
||||
|
||||
No, you don’t need to fire xkill from Linux Command Line. You may set a keyboard shortcut and call xkill just by punching same key combination.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is how to setup a keyboard shortcut on a typical gnome3 Desktop Environment.
|
||||
|
||||
Go to Settings –> Select Keyboard, click on ‘+’ and add name and command. Click on the new entry and press the key you want to use as shortcut key combination. I did Ctrl+Alt+Shift+x.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gnome Settings
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Add Shortcut Key
|
||||
|
||||
The next time you want to kill a X resource just call the key combination (Ctrl+Alt+Shift+x), and you will notice your mouse pointer changed into x. Click on x resource you want to kill and all done!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/kill-processes-unresponsive-programs-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-kill-a-process-in-linux/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user