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*.md~
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members.md
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*.html
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*.bak
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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微软因为以前对开源软件的态度而臭名昭著，但是公司改建后对开源软件发出了积极的信号。CNet报道了微软对开源软件认知的行为的改变。
|
||||
|
||||
> [CNet][1]消息：
|
||||
> 微软自助开源软件有一些时间了，那些曾经反对开源软件的领导者们已经退出了或者不在位了。开软软件现在用在遍布全世界的公司当中，这些公司有些自命不凡但这只是在认识到微软帝国之外的事。
|
||||
> 虽然微软资助开源软件有一些时间了，并且那些曾经反对开源软件的领导者们已经退出了或者不在位了。开源软件现在用在遍布全世界的公司当中，但这些与微软帝国无关。
|
||||
> 一些新的想法反映了企业顶层的一些变化，今年二月初Satya Nadella代替鲍尔默成为了微软CEO，Nadella已经给微软带来了一些新的东西改变了微软以前的一些束缚。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> [更多报道][2]
|
||||
@ -17,17 +17,17 @@
|
||||
|
||||
我是一个持悲观态度的人，但是我认为微软和开源软件之间的信任关系是有待确定的。一个新的CEO和些许改变或许会改变微软在开源世界中的存在状态，但是对于微软这么大的企业来说改变并不容易，所以对于开源的世界来说微软是否真的改变还有待确定。
|
||||
|
||||
我也从来不会忘记微软“欢迎，扩大，压死”的策略来打翻其他的竞争软件，光这一条凡是微软参合的开源项目就必须多一只谨慎的眼,或许这家公司真的改了，但如果没有呢！我们还是用几年时间来观察下吧。
|
||||
我也从来不会忘记微软用“欢迎，扩大，压死”的策略来打翻其他的竞争软件，光这一条凡是微软参合的开源项目就必须瞪大眼睛，或许这家公司真的改了，但如果没有呢！我们还是用几年时间来观察下吧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安卓对抗windows ###
|
||||
|
||||
ZDNet曾经报道过使用数量最多的Linux发行版本，但是现在桌面环境仍然是windows的天下，但是安卓今年很可能会是用户数量最大的用户终端操作系统。
|
||||
ZDNet曾经报道过使用数量最多的Linux发行版本，不过现在桌面环境仍然是windows的天下，但是安卓今年很可能会是用户数量最大的用户终端操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
> [ZDNet][4]报道:
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 如果桌面和平板依旧像预期增长的销量，安卓平板渐渐蚕食苹果的市场，PC市场继续萎缩，安卓在2014年末很有可能成为终端用户数量最多的操作系统而且不算安卓PC。
|
||||
> 如果桌面和平板依旧像预期增长的销量，安卓平板渐渐蚕食苹果的市场，PC市场继续萎缩，安卓在2014年末很有可能成为终端用户数量最多的操作系统，而且不算安卓PC。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 总而言之，安卓几乎统治了Linux终端用户。你可能不会想到它作为桌面使用，尽管Intel和AMD努力在让它变成现实，但是安卓正在变成使用量第一的终端操作系统。
|
||||
> 总而言之，安卓几乎统治了Linux终端用户。你可能不会想把它作为桌面使用，尽管Intel和AMD努力在让它变成现实，但是安卓正在变成使用量第一的终端操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
>
|
||||
> [更多消息][4]
|
||||
@ -37,18 +37,17 @@ ZDNet曾经报道过使用数量最多的Linux发行版本，但是现在桌面
|
||||
|
||||
上面提到的并不算真的惊喜，移动终端的革命发展了接近10年了。桌面依然还像原来那样重要，微软也确实没有真正的在乎过移动设备。即使现在，微软在艰难的推他的手机和平板，他仍旧认为移动终端市场并不重要。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
谷歌严重的破坏了微软在移动领域的努力，而现在他在桌面市场又对微软发起了挑战。从chrome OS到安卓，谷歌给微软一连串的打击，如果你查看下Amazon最受欢迎的[台式机][5]和[笔记本][6]的话，你会看到很多chrome OS的电脑甚至是装有安卓的PC。所以人们的购买需求在变得多样化，并不局限在windows一家了。
|
||||
|
||||
### Cinnamon和Unity在Ubuntu14.04上的对抗 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Tech Republic发表了一篇文章介绍了如何在Ubuntu14.04上安装cinnamon，研究了一下Ubuntu14.04上用cinnamon替换unity的可行性。
|
||||
Tech Republic发表了一篇文章介绍了如何在Ubuntu14.04上安装Cinnamon，研究了一下Ubuntu14.04上用Cinnamon替换unity的可行性。
|
||||
|
||||
> [Tech Republic][7]报道:
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 如果你寻求性能为主不需要其他有特色的可自定义的桌面，cinnamon适合你。Cinnamon是一个直观简洁的桌面，任何人都可以使用，不论你是IT工作者还是你的老妈妈。它非常的简单易用。Cinnamon很平淡，不会和你开什么玩笑，也不会让你感到有惊奇的感觉，但这就是它所注重的。它只会给桌面带来在标准层面上带来实用性，它不求突破，不耍花招，不加条条框框。
|
||||
> 如果你寻求性能为主不需要其他有特色的可自定义的桌面，Cinnamon适合你。Cinnamon是一个直观简洁的桌面，任何人都可以使用，不论你是IT工作者还是你的老妈妈。它非常的简单易用。Cinnamon很平淡，不会和你开什么玩笑，也不会让你感到有惊奇的感觉，但这就是它所注重的。它只会给桌面带来在标准层面上带来实用性，它不求突破，不耍花招，不加条条框框。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Cinnamon是一个很平凡的桌面它只集成了最好的功能并且把它们集成到一起，完美整合到一块。如果你可以用一个看起来和用起来都点老掉牙但是性能很好的桌面的话，cinnamon完全适合你。如果你喜欢各种花哨的界面和看起来很现代的感觉，cinnamon可能就不适合你了。
|
||||
> Cinnamon是一个很平凡的桌面，它只集成了最好的功能并且把它们集成到一起，完美整合到一块。如果你可以用一个看起来和用起来都点老掉牙，但是性能很好的桌面的话，Cinnamon完全适合你。如果你喜欢各种花哨的界面和看起来很现代的感觉，Cinnamon可能就不适合你了。
|
||||
|
||||
> [ 更多消息][7]
|
||||
>
|
||||
@ -56,9 +55,9 @@ Tech Republic发表了一篇文章介绍了如何在Ubuntu14.04上安装cinnamon
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Image credit: [Tech Republic][7]
|
||||
|
||||
我是站在cinnamon这边的,unity有自己的长处，但是我从来没用习惯过。Cinnamon更接近传统桌面，我用起来不错！
|
||||
我是站在Cinnamon这边的，Unity有自己的长处，但是我从来没用习惯过。Cinnamon更接近传统桌面，我用起来不错！
|
||||
|
||||
但是在别人眼里，漂亮的桌面总是很受欢迎。Linux最大的特色就是提供很多很多不同的选择，如果你真不知道unity和cinnamon该选择谁，你就用自己最喜欢的就行了。
|
||||
但是在别人眼里，漂亮的桌面总是很受欢迎。Linux最大的特色就是提供很多很多不同的选择，如果你真不知道Unity和Cinnamon该选择谁，你就用自己最喜欢的就行了。
|
||||
|
||||
你赞成那些呢？请在下方留下你的评论吧
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ Tech Republic发表了一篇文章介绍了如何在Ubuntu14.04上安装cinnamon
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.itworld.com/open-source/421894/has-microsoft-really-changed-its-attitude-toward-open-source
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
对新用户来说最好的Linux发行版
|
||||
适合新用户的最佳的Linux发行版
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
这个争论无疑给许多Linux用户带来了麻烦。争论不能普遍归结为哪个发行版是真正最适合新用户的，而是哪个发行版受这些争论者的喜爱。如果我们撇开个人喜爱，我们会看到更清楚的一面。但即使这样，清晰也很快会被新用户的需求和期望遮蔽。考虑到这点，我决定采取一个不同的方法来找出“对新用户来说最好的发行版”。我评判最好发行版的标准不仅是易用，而且还要呼吁由日益增长的移动界面隐喻推动带来的现代设计美学。
|
||||
这个争论无疑给许多Linux用户带来了麻烦。争论的焦点一般不是哪个发行版是真正最适合新用户的，而是哪个发行版受这些争论者的喜爱。如果我们撇开个人喜爱，我们会看到更清楚的一面。但即使这样，明确的结论也会受到被新用户的需求和期望的影响。考虑到这点，我决定采取一个不同的方法来找出“对新用户来说最好的发行版”。我评判最好发行版的标准不仅是易用，而且还要具有由日益增长的移动界面风格所带来的现代设计理念。
|
||||
|
||||
为了这次评测，发行版必须要有如下要求：
|
||||
对于这次评测，我们对发行版有如下要求：
|
||||
|
||||
- 非常友好
|
||||
- 包括，开箱即用，所有常用的应用程序
|
||||
@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 用户友好 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个备受争议的话题。但事实的真相是——新用户必须能够获得一种风格的Linux并开始使用，需要很少或不需要解释。如果必须很出太多解释，那么这个发行版便不是用户友好的。我不想成为那样的人，但是几乎任何用户都可以在近乎零指导的情况下坐在Windows 7或OS X桌面前并开始使用它。这是每一个Linux桌面都应当争取去做的。
|
||||
这是一个备受争议的话题。但事实的真相是——新用户必须能够选择某种风格的Linux并开始使用，只需要很少或不需要解释。如果必须很出太多解释，那么这个发行版便不是用户友好的。我不喜欢那些操作系统，但是几乎任何用户都可以在近乎零指导的情况下坐在Windows 7或OS X桌面前并开始使用它。这是每一个Linux桌面都应当争取去做的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 常用应用程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
安装好系统后用户不应该去安装必需的程序。那么什么是必需的呢？每年列表都会变短。目前，必备的程序列表如下：
|
||||
安装好系统后用户不应该再去安装必需的程序。那么什么是必需的呢？每年列表都会变短。目前，必备的程序列表如下：
|
||||
|
||||
- 网页浏览器：Chrome或者Firefox（对不起，其他的浏览器不需提供）
|
||||
- 网页浏览器：Chrome或者Firefox（对不起，根本不需要其他的浏览器）
|
||||
- 电子邮件客户端：Thunderbird是显而易见的选择。
|
||||
- Office办公套件：LibreOffice。就这样。
|
||||
- 音乐播放器：播放本地文件以及连接到流媒体服务（比如Spotify）。
|
||||
@ -32,29 +32,29 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 时尚的界面 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我已经多次提到移动设备的美化。由于iOS和Android，用户越来越喜欢时尚的界面。Linux的桌面需要进行效仿并且用独特的、时尚的和易用的界面来吸引用户注意力。旧的隐喻在多触控友好的移动世界里不再有影响力。
|
||||
我已经多次提到移动设备的美化。由于iOS和Android，用户越来越喜欢时尚的界面。Linux的桌面需要进行效仿并且用独特的、时尚的和易用的界面来吸引用户注意力。旧的风格在支持多触控的移动世界里不再有影响力。
|
||||
|
||||
排名前三的发行版
|
||||
## 排名前三的发行版 ##
|
||||
|
||||
以文中的标准，哪个发行版本满足了（或超过）我们的需求？首先，让我们来审查一下前三名的候选者。以下哪个满足了（或超过）标准。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ubuntu ####
|
||||
### Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntu Linux][1]一直为用户友好型Linux的王者。开箱即用，寻找一个迷人和易用的桌面（Unity）是一个挑战，甚至是对于那些对平台不熟悉的人。它的桌面布局虽然与众不同，但却是合乎逻辑和很直观的。对于在桌面环境中添加一个最强大的搜索工具，在Linux中Ubuntu Unity应当获得最高成就。
|
||||
[Ubuntu Linux][1]一直是用户友好型Linux的王者。开箱即用，寻找一个比它更迷人和易用的桌面（Unity）有点困难，甚至是对于那些对平台不熟悉的人也是这样的。它的桌面布局虽然与众不同，但却是合乎逻辑和很直观的。对于在桌面环境中添加一个最强大的搜索工具，在Linux中Ubuntu Unity应当获得最高成就。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux Mint ####
|
||||
### Linux Mint ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果认为有一个篡夺王位的发行版，那它就是[Linux Mint][2]。Linux Mint做了更多桌面的标准方法，但是图层华丽且多变使其从老旧的桌面隐喻中脱颖而出。Linux Mint基于Ubuntu，所以它得益于“老大哥”Ubuntu的稳定性和可靠性。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux Deepin ####
|
||||
### Linux Deepin ###
|
||||
|
||||
用户友好型列表中的新成员是[Linux Deepin][3]。这个相对较新的受欢迎的发行版来自中国，而且应该扬起一些认真的浪波。为什么这样说？因为它使得Linux桌面转变为艺术美；同时也保持了高水平的用户友好性。我期待它的新版本发布将是个大事件。Linux Deepin使用的是GNOME 3桌面并将它重组得完全不同的,完全不可思议。
|
||||
用户友好型列表中的新成员是[Linux Deepin][3]。这个相对较新的受欢迎的发行版来自中国，而且应该正视它所带来的成就。为什么这样说？因为它使得Linux桌面转变为艺术美；同时也保持了高水平的用户友好性。我期待它的新版本发布将是个大事件。Linux Deepin使用的是GNOME 3桌面并将它重组得完全不同的，完全不可思议。
|
||||
|
||||
### 各发行版的比分 ###
|
||||
## 各发行版的比分 ##
|
||||
|
||||
在最佳的竞争者名单中，我们来比较一下每一个标准和等级。每个发行版的比分如下：对于每个标准，发行版排名从高到底（第一名得一分，最后一名得三分）。最后，总分决定谁是冠军——最低得分获胜。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 用户友好性 ####
|
||||
### 用户友好性 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这可能是最严密的分类和最艰难的判别。每个发行版以不同的方法在用户友好性上都各有优势。最后，我的排名是：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -64,13 +64,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
3. Linux Deepin
|
||||
|
||||
为什么是这样呢？Mint仅有微小的优势，因为它的开始按钮，任务栏和桌面图标仍然使用旧的桌面隐喻。胜者的优势很微小，Ubuntu和Linux Deepin要求的学习曲线近乎为零——甚至是对于未使用者。
|
||||
为什么是这样呢？Mint仅有微小的优势，因为它的开始按钮，任务栏和桌面图标仍然使用旧的桌面风格。胜者的优势很微小，Ubuntu和Linux Deepin要求的学习曲线近乎为零——甚至是对于小白们。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 常用的应用程序 ####
|
||||
### 常用的应用程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这一类别难以判断的唯一原因是因为每个发行版都包括所有必要的应用程序。虽然Linux Deepin目前提供的是金山Office（一个最好的移动办公套件解决方案），它计划在2014发行版本中默认使用LibreOffice。
|
||||
这一类别难以判断的唯一原因是因为每个发行版都包括所有必要的应用程序。虽然Linux Deepin目前提供的是金山Office（一个最好的移动办公套件解决方案之一），它计划在2014发行版本中默认使用LibreOffice。
|
||||
|
||||
常用程序的我的一个问题是关于音乐播放器。虽然我在线听过很多音乐（使用Spotify客户端），但当我播放本地音乐时，总是使用Clementine。他们的默认播放器是：
|
||||
关于常用程序的我的一个问题是音乐播放器。虽然我在线听过很多音乐（使用Spotify客户端），但当我播放本地音乐时，总是使用Clementine。他们的默认播放器是：
|
||||
|
||||
- Ubuntu: Rhythmbox
|
||||
- Linux Mint: Banshee
|
||||
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
||||
|
||||
3. Linux Deepin
|
||||
|
||||
#### 应用程序商店 ####
|
||||
### 应用程序商店 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果不分析这部分将难进行。为什么呢？因为对于新用户应用商店可以轻易成就或是毁掉一个Linux发行版。总会有应用需求而且没有用户想经过命令行的重重考验。每个发行版都有自己的应用商店。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
||||
- Mint: 软件管理器
|
||||
- Linux Deepin: Deepin软件中心
|
||||
|
||||
应该说，这些工具中的每一个都是基于Ubuntu软件中心。奇怪的是Ubuntu软件中心却正好排在最底。主要原因是Ubuntu软件中心太慢了——甚至在一个非常强大的机器上。
|
||||
应该说，这些工具中的每一个都是基于Ubuntu软件中心的。奇怪的是Ubuntu软件中心却正好排在最底。主要原因是Ubuntu软件中心太慢了——甚至在一个非常强大的机器上。
|
||||
|
||||
我将应用商店排名设为如下：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
||||
|
||||
每个应用商店有非常相似的功能。Linux Deepin获得第一的原因有两个：界面易于控制而且程序开启速度远远快于Ubuntu软件中心和Mint软件管理器。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 时尚的界面 ####
|
||||
### 时尚的界面 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在这部分Linux Mint远远落后。尽管它提供了一个华美的界面和有很浅的学习曲线，但相比之下它仍然是一个非常过时的桌面。甚至在强大的硬件（有强大的显卡）上，Linux Mint仍然很容易被看成是来自90年代末的桌面。为了评判结果，我们必须看看是Ubuntu Linux还是Linux Deepin能带我们走进未来。胜者是：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的混合体，你会认为你在处理一件互动的艺术品。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总冠军 ###
|
||||
## 总冠军 ##
|
||||
|
||||
虽然这是很初步的，对新用户来说最好的Linux发行版顺序应该是：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的
|
||||
|
||||
3. Ubuntu Linux的总得分是9
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想知道关于这篇文章的作者主张，要知道：我已经使用Ubuntu Linux很多年了（而且仍在用）。我最近一直在说“如果有一个Linux发行版动摇使用Ubuntu的想法，它便是Linux Deepin。”虽然我很欣赏Linux Mint，但我只是用它来进行测试。当说到对新用户最好的Linux发型版，Linux Mint是显而易见的赢家。
|
||||
如果你想知道关于这篇文章的作者观点，要知道：我已经使用Ubuntu Linux很多年了（而且仍在用）。我最近一直在说“如果有一个Linux发行版能动摇我使用Ubuntu的想法，它便是Linux Deepin。”虽然我很欣赏Linux Mint，但我只是用它来进行测试。当说到对新用户最好的Linux发行版，Linux Mint是显而易见的赢家。
|
||||
|
||||
这件事真正的真相是——你在使用这些桌面中任何一个都不会错。他们都各有所长。如果你追求真正的美丽，使用Linux Deepin吧。如果你想要漂亮外观与易用结合，那就使用Ubuntu Linux。如果你只想要简单而且并不在乎漂亮的外观，那就用Linux Mint。不管你选哪一个，这都是三赢的局面。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/775873-the-best-linux-distribution-for-new-users/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
查看Linux硬盘分区和磁盘空间的9个命令
|
||||
Linux下掌控磁盘分区的九大神器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我们来了解一些用来检查你的系统分区的一些命令，这些命令将检查每个磁盘的分区情况和其它细节，例如总空间容量，已用完的空间和文件系统等。
|
||||
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. fdisk ###
|
||||
|
||||
Fdisk是检查磁盘上分区的最常用命令，fdisk命令可以显示分区和细节，如文件系统类型，但是它并不报告每个分区的大小。
|
||||
Fdisk是检查磁盘上分区的最常用命令，fdisk命令可以显示分区和细节，如文件系统类型，但是它并不报告每个分区的字节大小。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo fdisk -l
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Fdisk是检查磁盘上分区的最常用命令，fdisk命令可以显示分区
|
||||
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
|
||||
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 7907327 3952640 b W95 FAT32
|
||||
|
||||
单独显示了每个设备的详细信息：大小，秒，ID和单个分区。
|
||||
每个设备都单独显示其详细信息：容量大小，扇区数，设备ID及其包含的每个分区。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. sfdisk ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -81,13 +81,14 @@ Cfdisk是一个基于ncurses（提供字符终端处理库，包括面板和菜
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Cfdisk一次只能列出一个分区，所以如果你需要看某一磁盘的细节，可以把设备名传给Cfdisk。
|
||||
Cfdisk一次只能列出一个分区，所以如果你需要看某一磁盘的细节，可以把该磁盘的设备名作为Cfdisk的参数。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cfdisk /dev/sdb
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. parted ###
|
||||
|
||||
Parted是另一个命令行实用程序用来列出分区，如果需要的话，也可进行修改。
|
||||
Parted是另一个命令行实用程序，可以列出分区；如果需要的话，也可进行修改。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一个例子，列出了详细的分区信息。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo parted -l
|
||||
@ -131,9 +132,9 @@ Df是不是一个分区工具，但它打印出挂装文件系统的细节，Df
|
||||
/dev/sda8 196G 154G 33G 83% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
|
||||
/dev/sda5 98G 37G 62G 38% /media/4668484A68483B47
|
||||
|
||||
文件系统只有以 /dev 开始的，是实际设备或分区。
|
||||
只有以 /dev 开始的文件系统才是实际的设备或分区。
|
||||
|
||||
使用grep命令来筛选出实际的硬盘分区或文件系统。
|
||||
可以使用grep命令来筛选出实际的硬盘分区或文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
$ df -h | grep ^/dev
|
||||
/dev/sda6 97G 43G 49G 48% /
|
||||
@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ Df是不是一个分区工具，但它打印出挂装文件系统的细节，Df
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. pydf ###
|
||||
|
||||
它是用Python写的Df的改进版本，以一个方便阅读的方式打印出所有磁盘分区。
|
||||
它是用Python写的Df的改进版本，以易读的方式打印出所有磁盘分区。
|
||||
|
||||
$ pydf
|
||||
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
@ -160,13 +161,13 @@ Df是不是一个分区工具，但它打印出挂装文件系统的细节，Df
|
||||
/dev/sda8 195G 153G 32G 78.4 [#######..] /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
|
||||
/dev/sda5 98G 36G 61G 37.1 [###......] /media/4668484A68483B47
|
||||
|
||||
另外，pydf限制为仅显示已挂载的文件系统
|
||||
另外，pydf被限制为仅显示已挂载的文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. lsblk ###
|
||||
|
||||
列出了所有的存储块，包括磁盘分区和光盘驱动器。细节包括所有分区/块总大小和挂载点。
|
||||
列出了所有的块存储设备，包括磁盘分区和光盘驱动器。细节包括所有分区/块总大小和挂载点。
|
||||
|
||||
不报告分区上的已使用和空闲磁盘空间。
|
||||
它不会报告分区上的已使用和空闲磁盘空间。
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk
|
||||
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
|
||||
@ -182,13 +183,13 @@ Df是不是一个分区工具，但它打印出挂装文件系统的细节，Df
|
||||
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果没有挂载点，这就意味着文件系统未安装，对于cd/dvd这意味着没有磁盘。
|
||||
如果没有挂载点，这就意味着文件系统未安装，而对于cd/dvd这意味着没有插入光盘。
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk能够显示每个设备的更多信息，如标签和模型，更多请查看信息手册。
|
||||
lsblk能够显示每个设备的更多信息，如标签和型号，更多请查看信息手册。
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. blkid ###
|
||||
|
||||
打印块设备（分区和存储介质）属性，例如UUID和文件系统类型，不报告分区空间。
|
||||
显示块设备（分区和存储介质）属性，例如UUID和文件系统类型，不报告分区空间。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo blkid
|
||||
/dev/sda1: UUID="5E38BE8B38BE6227" TYPE="ntfs"
|
||||
@ -219,9 +220,9 @@ hwinfo是一个通用的硬件信息的工具，可以用来打印出磁盘和
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
parted的输出可以得到简洁而完整的不同分区的概述、上面的文件系统以及总空间。pydf和df被限制为只显示和它们一样的已挂载的文件系统。
|
||||
parted的输出可以得到简洁而完整的不同分区的概述、其上的文件系统以及总空间。pydf和df它们一样，只是被限制为只显示已挂载文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
fdisk和sfdisk显示完整大量的信息，需要花些时间来解释。cfdisk是一个互动的分区工具，每次显示一个单一的设备。
|
||||
fdisk和sfdisk显示完整大量的信息，需要花些时间来解释。cfdisk是一个交互式分区工具，每次显示一个单一的设备。
|
||||
|
||||
来尝试下这些命令吧，别忘了在下面评论哟！
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
安装Linux Mint 17 Qiana Cinnamon后要做的20件事
|
||||
安装Linux Mint 17后要做的20件事
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Linux Mint 17 Qiana Cinnamon ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint 17已经[发布][1]，定名为Qiana。Mint是Linux最佳发行版之一，它定位于桌面用户，关注可用性和简洁。它携带了风格迥异的桌面环境，如Mate以及Cinnamon，并基于不同的发行版，如Ubuntu或Debian。
|
||||
|
||||
在本文中，我们使用的是Linux Mint 17的cinnamon版本。要获取更多关于Cinnamon版本的信息（包括下载链接），可以访问 - [http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2626][2]
|
||||
在本文中，我们使用的是Linux Mint 17的cinnamon版本。要获取更多关于Cinnamon版本的信息（包括下载链接），可以访问 - http://linux.cn/article-3260-1.html
|
||||
|
||||
下载适合你系统的正确的iso，烧录成dvd，或者也可以制作成usb启动盘来启动。安装完毕了，是时候来使用一些优化工具和基本应用程序来优化系统性能和体验，让你系统激情澎湃吧！
|
||||
下载适合你系统的正确的iso，烧录成dvd，或者也可以制作成usb启动盘来启动。安装完毕，是时候来使用一些优化工具和基本应用程序来优化系统性能和体验，让你系统激情澎湃吧！
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 更新系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ Chronium浏览器可以在仓库中获取。
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
|
||||
|
||||
至于Google Chrome，请访问google.com/chrome下载deb包，并使用gdebi来安装。
|
||||
|
||||
# 64 位
|
||||
$ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
|
||||
$ sudo gdebi google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
|
||||
@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ Chronium浏览器可以在仓库中获取。
|
||||
|
||||
Mint上默认安装adobe flash插件包（adobe-flashplugin），因此，你可以在Firefox中畅玩flash游戏，也可以尽情享受网页版视频了。
|
||||
|
||||
Google Chrome现在使用了基于flash player的Pepper API，而且该插件也内建于Chrome中，因此，你也不需要为它做任何事情了。
|
||||
Google Chrome现在使用了基于flash player的Pepper API，而且该插件也内建于Chrome中，因此，你也不需要为它额外做任何事情了。
|
||||
|
||||
然而对于Chronium，基于flash player的Pepper没有被囊括进来（因为它不是个自由组件），所以你需要手动安装了。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -71,11 +72,11 @@ Google Chrome现在使用了基于flash player的Pepper API，而且该插件也
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 安装专有驱动 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你有一张英伟达或者ati的图形卡，或者broadcom的无线网卡，那么请安装厂商提供的专有驱动，这些驱动会为你带来最佳的硬件性能。
|
||||
如果你有一张Nvidia或者ati的图形卡，或者broadcom的无线网卡，那么请安装厂商提供的专有驱动，这些驱动会为你带来最佳的硬件性能。
|
||||
|
||||
要安装英伟达驱动，你可以参照先前的这篇文章
|
||||
要安装Nvidia驱动，你可以参照先前的这篇文章
|
||||
|
||||
如何在Linux Mint上安装最新的Nvidia驱动
|
||||
[如何在Linux Mint上安装最新的Nvidia驱动][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. 安装Dropbox ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ Linux mint仓库已经提供了dropbox的客户端软件包，所以你不必满
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install dropbox python-gpgme
|
||||
|
||||
如果你还是比较喜欢从官方网站下载，那么出门可直达[https://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx][4]，请遵照说明下载用于Ubuntu的deb安装包。
|
||||
如果你还是比较喜欢从官方网站下载，那么翻墙可直达[https://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx][4]，请遵照说明下载用于Ubuntu的deb安装包。（LCTT译注：墙内用户还是忽视此条吧。）
|
||||
|
||||
Copy是另外一个云存储解决方案，它也有本地Linux客户端。详情可查阅[copy.com][5]，它也有[ppa仓库][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ Skype可以在Ubuntu canonical合作仓库中找到。
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 安装rar和其它归档工具 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要想在Nemo这样的文件管理器中通过上下文菜单创建rar归档，请安装rar工具。安装rar的同时，请安装其它几个包以增加对其它归档格式的支持。
|
||||
要想在Nemo这样的文件管理器中通过上下文菜单创建rar归档，请安装rar工具。安装rar的同时，也可安装其它几个包以增加对其它归档格式的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install unace p7zip-rar sharutils rar arj lunzip lzip
|
||||
|
||||
@ -109,15 +110,13 @@ Diodon在cinnamon桌面上似乎存在一些问题，在历史列表增长时会
|
||||
# 或者
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install clipit
|
||||
|
||||
然后，你可以从应用程序菜单中启动它们，它们应该会在你每次登陆时启动。
|
||||
然后，你可以从应用程序菜单中启动它们，它们应该会在你每次登录时启动。
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. 优化桌面 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. 修复系统托盘上的日期格式 ####
|
||||
|
||||
在底部面板右边的时间小程序只显示了时间，它也可以设置显示日期。右击底部面板右边的日期-时间小程序，然后点击配置
|
||||
Check the box labelled "Use a custom date format" and fill in
|
||||
选中标有“使用自定义日期格式”的选框，然后填入
|
||||
在底部面板右边的时间小程序只显示了时间，它也可以设置显示日期。右击底部面板右边的日期-时间小程序，然后点击配置，选中标有“使用自定义日期格式”的选框，然后填入
|
||||
|
||||
%B %e, %I:%M %p
|
||||
|
||||
@ -133,12 +132,11 @@ Check the box labelled "Use a custom date format" and fill in
|
||||
|
||||
你也许注意到，Firefox默认选择了Yahoo搜索引擎，而搜索引擎列表中并没有Google。点击“管理搜索引擎” > 获取更多搜索引擎，它会带你去[http://www.linuxmint.com/searchengines.php][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
向下拉动滚动条到商业搜索引擎部分，找到并点击Google图标。进入下一页后，再次点击搜索引擎列表，而这次你会看到“添加Google”选项，点击它就可以用上Google搜索了。
|
||||
向下拉动滚动条到商业搜索引擎部分，找到并点击Google图标。进入下一页后，再次点击搜索引擎列表，而这次你会看到“添加Google”选项，点击它就可以用上Google搜索了。（LCTT译注：墙内用户也请忽略此条。怒！）
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. 优化字体渲染 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux mint默认使用Dejavu Sans字体，它看起来真普通啊。你可以使用Droid和Noto字体获得好看得多视觉享受。请参照我们先前的教程，它会一步一步带你渐入佳境。
|
||||
[如何在Linux Mint上获得华丽好看的字体][8]
|
||||
Linux mint默认使用Dejavu Sans字体，它看起来真普通啊。你可以使用Droid和Noto字体获得好看得多视觉享受。请参照我们先前的教程，它会一步一步带你渐入佳境。[如何在Linux Mint上获得华丽好看的字体][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. Guake下拉终端 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -172,7 +170,7 @@ Linux Mint自带了Transmission，这是个简洁而高效的torrent客户端。
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. Hardinfo - 系统信息工具 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Hardinfo是一个十分便利的gui工具，它可以用来报告大量完整的系统硬件信息。你可以通过它来集中查看处理器、内存、存储设备、网络配置、打印机、usb设备、声音/视频适配器等等信息。它具有测试和评估系统性能的功能。
|
||||
Hardinfo是一个十分便利的GUI工具，它可以用来报告大量完整的系统硬件信息。你可以通过它来集中查看处理器、内存、存储设备、网络配置、打印机、usb设备、声音/视频适配器等等信息。它具有测试和评估系统性能的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install hardinfo
|
||||
|
||||
@ -236,31 +234,33 @@ Linux确实有一些酷爽的游戏，很具娱乐性，而且是免费的。注
|
||||
#### 为Google Chrome/Chronium提供Java小程序支持 ####
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下已经安装了"icedtea-plugin"，用以为firefox提供java小程序支持。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，Chrome和Chronium却不再支持基于NPAPI的插件。因此java小程序，在没有获得基于Pepper api的java插件前，java小程序是不能在这些浏览器中工作的。要查看更多信息，请往[这里][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 更多应用程序 ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在为你的Mint盒子寻找更多的应用程序，那么这里列出了一部分更好的应用程序，所有这些都可以在软件管理器中安装。
|
||||
Opera - 网页浏览器
|
||||
Gnome Encfs Manager - 管理使用Encfs加密的文件和文件夹
|
||||
Smplayer - 多媒体播放器
|
||||
Rhythmbox, Clementine - 音乐播放器
|
||||
Openshot, Kdenlive - 视频编辑器
|
||||
Audacity - 音频编辑器
|
||||
Inkscape - 图形和图像编辑
|
||||
Gparted - 分区编辑器
|
||||
Gufw - 防火墙配置工具
|
||||
qBittorrent, Vuze - Torrent客户端
|
||||
Gwenview - 图像浏览
|
||||
Team viewer - 远程桌面
|
||||
Tv-maxe - 查看电视频道
|
||||
Grub Customizer - 修改GRUB启动菜单设置
|
||||
Linrunner TLP - 电源管理工具，对笔记本节电很有用
|
||||
Virtualbox - 虚拟化
|
||||
Kazam, recordMyDesktop - 桌面录像/演示
|
||||
Bleachbit - 通过删除旧的/临时文件释放磁盘空间
|
||||
Cheese - 使用网络摄像头拍照
|
||||
Shutter - 带有众多功能的屏幕截图工具
|
||||
|
||||
* Opera - 网页浏览器
|
||||
* Gnome Encfs Manager - 管理使用Encfs加密的文件和文件夹
|
||||
* Smplayer - 多媒体播放器
|
||||
* Rhythmbox, Clementine - 音乐播放器
|
||||
* Openshot, Kdenlive - 视频编辑器
|
||||
* Audacity - 音频编辑器
|
||||
* Inkscape - 图形和图像编辑
|
||||
* Gparted - 分区编辑器
|
||||
* Gufw - 防火墙配置工具
|
||||
* qBittorrent, Vuze - Torrent客户端
|
||||
* Gwenview - 图像浏览
|
||||
* Team viewer - 远程桌面
|
||||
* Tv-maxe - 查看电视频道
|
||||
* Grub Customizer - 修改GRUB启动菜单设置
|
||||
* Linrunner TLP - 电源管理工具，对笔记本节电很有用
|
||||
* Virtualbox - 虚拟化
|
||||
* Kazam, recordMyDesktop - 桌面录像/演示
|
||||
* Bleachbit - 通过删除旧的/临时文件释放磁盘空间
|
||||
* Cheese - 使用网络摄像头拍照
|
||||
* Shutter - 带有众多功能的屏幕截图工具
|
||||
|
||||
那么，请选择你喜欢的那些，并尽情享受Linux Mint吧！！
|
||||
|
||||
@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ Linux Mint论坛
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/better-linux-mint-17-cinnamon/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu,Linux Mint,Debian上禁用Ipv6
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu,Linux Mint,Debian上禁用IPv6
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Ipv6 ###
|
||||
### IPv6 ###
|
||||
|
||||
IPv6是寻址方案Ipv4的下一个版本,被用来给如google.com这样的域名分配数字地址。
|
||||
IPv6是寻址方案IPv4的下一个版本，被用来给域名分配数字地址。
|
||||
|
||||
Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在被接受的过程中。
|
||||
IPv6比IPv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在被接受的过程中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 你的系统支持Ipv6么? ###
|
||||
### 你的系统支持IPv6么? ###
|
||||
|
||||
为了支持Ipv6，需要很多事情。首先你需要系统/操作系统支持Ipv6。Ubuntu，Linux Mint，和大多是现代发行版都支持它。如果你看一下ifconfig指令的输出，你就会看见你的网络接口被分配了ipv6地址。
|
||||
为了支持IPv6，需要很多事情。首先你需要系统/操作系统支持IPv6。Ubuntu，Linux Mint，和大多是现代发行版都支持它。如果你看一下ifconfig指令的输出，你就会看见你的网络接口被分配了IPv6地址。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ifconfig
|
||||
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1c:c0:f8:79:ee
|
||||
@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
||||
|
||||
看一下行“inet6 addr”。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来你需要一个支持ipv6的路由器/调制解调器。额外地，你的ISP也必须支持ipv6。
|
||||
接下来你需要一个支持ipv6的路由器/调制解调器。此外，你的ISP也必须支持IPv6。
|
||||
|
||||
除了检查网络设备的每一部分，最好查出你是否可以通过ipv6访问网站。
|
||||
除了检查网络设备的每一部分，最好查出你是否可以通过IPv6访问网站。
|
||||
|
||||
有很多网站可以检测你的连接是否支持ipv6. 这里就是个例子：[http://testmyipv6.com/][1]
|
||||
有很多网站可以检测你的网络连接是否支持IPv6. 这里就是个例子：[http://testmyipv6.com/][1]
|
||||
|
||||
下面是在内核中启用ipv6的参数：
|
||||
下面是在内核中启用IPv6的参数：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6
|
||||
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0
|
||||
@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
||||
$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6
|
||||
0
|
||||
|
||||
注意这里的变量是控制ipv6的“禁用”。所以设置1就会禁用ipv6。
|
||||
注意这里的变量是控制IPv6的“禁用”。所以设置1就会禁用IPv6。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如果它不支持就禁用ipv6 ###
|
||||
### 如果它不支持就禁用IPv6 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的网络设备中不支持ipv6，那最好就全部禁用它们。为什么？因为这回引起延迟域查询，在网络连接中不必要地尝试连接到ipv6地址导致延迟等等问题。
|
||||
如果你的网络设备中不支持IPv6，那最好就全部禁用它们。为什么？因为这会引起域名查询延迟，在网络连接中不必要地尝试连接到IPv6地址导致延迟等等问题。
|
||||
|
||||
我也遇到过像这样的问题，apt-get命令偶尔会尝试连接到ipv6地址失败接着检索ipv4地址。看一下下面的输出。
|
||||
我也遇到过像这样的问题，apt-get命令偶尔会尝试连接到IPv6地址失败接着检索IPv4地址。看一下下面的输出。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
Ign http://archive.canonical.com trusty InRelease
|
||||
@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
||||
|
||||
我在其他的应用上也注意到了相似的问题，如Hexchat，同样Google Chrome也会有时会在查询域名的时候花费更长的时间。
|
||||
|
||||
所以最好的方案是完全禁用Ipv6来摆脱这些事情。这只需要一点点配置但可以帮助你解决很多你系统上的很多问题。用户甚至反应这可以加速网络。
|
||||
所以最好的方案是完全禁用IPv6来摆脱这些事情。这只需要一点点配置但可以帮助你解决很多你系统上的很多问题。用户甚至反应这可以加速网络。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 禁用 Ipv6 - 方案1 ####
|
||||
#### 禁用 IPv6 - 方案1 ####
|
||||
|
||||
编辑文件 - /etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||
|
||||
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo sysctl -p
|
||||
|
||||
再次检查ifconfig的输出，这里应该没有ipv6地址了。
|
||||
再次检查ifconfig的输出，这里应该没有IPv6地址了。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ifconfig
|
||||
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:5f:28:8b
|
||||
@ -108,12 +108,11 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
||||
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
|
||||
RX bytes:1501691 (1.5 MB) TX bytes:104883 (104.8 KB)
|
||||
|
||||
If it does not work, then try rebooting the system and check ifconfig again.
|
||||
如果不行，尝试重启系统并再次检查ifconfig
|
||||
|
||||
#### 禁用 ipv6 - GRUB 方案 ####
|
||||
#### 禁用 IPv6 - GRUB 方案 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Ipv6同样可以通过编辑grub配置文件禁用。
|
||||
IPv6同样可以通过编辑grub配置文件禁用。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
|
||||
|
||||
@ -125,13 +124,13 @@ Ipv6同样可以通过编辑grub配置文件禁用。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo update-grub2
|
||||
|
||||
重启，现在ipv应该就已经禁用了。
|
||||
重启，现在IPv6应该就已经禁用了。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/disable-ipv6-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) ，校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux中同步微软 OneDrive
|
||||
逝去的纪念：如何在Linux中同步微软 OneDrive
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[OneDrive][1]（以前称为SkyDrive）是微软的一个广受欢迎的云存储产品。目前OneDrive为每一个新注册用户提供7GB免费存储空间。正如你所想，OneDrive与微软其他软件产品很好地集成。微软还提供了一个独立的OneDrive客户端，它会自动备份照相机拍摄的图片和视频到OneDrive。但你猜怎么着。该客户端可用于除Linux的各大PC/移动平台。 “OneDrive在任何设备，任何时间”？嗯，这还不存在。
|
||||
【编者注】：本文译文完成之后不久，OneDrive 就成了中国人的昨日黄花了。编者想了想，还是发出来罢，仅以此文纪念我们逝去的这个、那个、以及这些和那些。也许若干年后我们回忆起来，我们曾经有过那么多那些，而当时却挑三拣四，没有珍惜，如果再给我一次机会……
|
||||
|
||||
不要失望。开源社区已经已经拿出了解决方案。 Boilermaker写的[onedrive-d][2]可以完成这项工作。作为监测守护进程运行，onedrive-D可自动将本地文件夹同步到OneDrive云存储。
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
[OneDrive][1]（以前称为SkyDrive）是微软的一个广受欢迎的云存储产品。目前OneDrive为每一个新注册用户提供7GB免费存储空间。正如你所想，OneDrive与微软其他软件产品很好地集成。微软还提供了一个独立的OneDrive客户端，它会自动备份照相机拍摄的图片和视频到OneDrive。但你猜怎么着。该客户端可用于除Linux的各大PC/移动平台。
|
||||
|
||||
“OneDrive在任何设备，任何时间”？哦，不，这还不行。
|
||||
|
||||
不过不要失望。开源社区已经已经拿出了解决方案。 Boilermaker写的[onedrive-d][2]可以完成这项工作。作为监测守护进程运行，onedrive-D可自动将本地文件夹同步到OneDrive云存储。
|
||||
|
||||
I在本教程中，我将介绍**如何在Linux上使用onedrive-d同步微软OneDrive**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在linux上onedrive-d ###
|
||||
### 在linux上安装onedrive-d ###
|
||||
|
||||
虽然onedrive-d最初是为Ubuntu/ Debian开发的，但它仍然支持CentOS/ Fedora的/ RHEL。
|
||||
虽然onedrive-d最初是为Ubuntu/ Debian开发的，但它仍然支持CentOS/ Fedora/ RHEL。
|
||||
|
||||
安装就像输入下面的命令一样容易。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
$ git clone https://github.com/xybu92/onedrive-d.git
|
||||
$ cd onedrive-d
|
||||
$ ./inst install
|
||||
@ -25,7 +30,7 @@ I在本教程中，我将介绍**如何在Linux上使用onedrive-d同步微软On
|
||||
|
||||
$ mkdir ~/onedrive
|
||||
|
||||
接着运行下面的命令开开启一次性配置。
|
||||
接着运行下面的命令开启一次性配置。
|
||||
|
||||
$ onedrive-d
|
||||
|
||||
@ -49,19 +54,19 @@ I在本教程中，我将介绍**如何在Linux上使用onedrive-d同步微软On
|
||||
|
||||
这里有两种方法来使用onedrice-d将本地文件夹与OneDrive存储同步。
|
||||
|
||||
一种是“手动使用命令行来同步OneDrive”。就是当你需要与你的OneDrive账户同步时运行：
|
||||
一种是“手动使用命令行来同步OneDrive”。就是当你需要与你的OneDrive账户同步时运行如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ onedrive-d
|
||||
|
||||
`onedrive-d`接着将扫描本地文件夹与OneDrive帐户的内容并使两者同步。这意味着要么上传一个在本地文件夹新添加的文件，或者从远程OneDrive帐户下载最新发现的文件。如果你从本地文件夹删除任何文件，相应的文件将自动在与OneDrive帐户同步后被删除。同样的事情也会在相反的方向发生。
|
||||
`onedrive-d`接着将扫描本地文件夹与OneDrive帐户的内容并使两者同步。这意味着要么上传一个在本地文件夹新添加的文件，或者从远程OneDrive帐户下载最新发现的文件。如果你从本地文件夹删除任何文件，相应的文件将自动在与OneDrive帐户同步后被删除。反之亦然。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦同步完成，你可以使用Ctrl-C杀掉onedirve-d的前台运行进程。
|
||||
一旦同步完成，你可以使用Ctrl-C中断onedirve-d的前台进程。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
另一种方法是将onedrive-d作为一个始终运行的守护进程在开机时自动启动。在这种情况下，后台守护进程会同时监视本地文件夹和OneDrive账户，以使它们保持同步。对于这一点，只需将onedrive-D加入到你桌面[自动启动程序列表][3]中就行了。
|
||||
另一种方法是将onedrive-d作为一个始终运行的守护进程在开机时自动启动。在这种情况下，后台守护进程会同时监视本地文件夹和OneDrive账户，以使它们保持同步。要做到这一点，只需将onedrive-D加入到你桌面的[自动启动程序列表][3]中就行了。
|
||||
|
||||
当onedrive-D作为守护进程在后台运行，你会在桌面状态栏中看到OneDrive图标，如下图所示。每当同步更新被触发，你就会看到一个桌面通知。
|
||||
当onedrive-D作为守护进程在后台运行时，你会在桌面状态栏中看到OneDrive图标，如下图所示。每当同步更新被触发，你就会看到一个桌面通知。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -71,7 +76,7 @@ I在本教程中，我将介绍**如何在Linux上使用onedrive-d同步微软On
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/sync-microsoft-onedrive-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
超算TOP 500的计算性能仍然保持在 33.86 千万亿次/秒
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
天河2号一年以前第一次跳上世界超算舞台，拥有了当时世界上最强计算机的皇冠。当时，天河2号被评测为 33.86 petaflops （千万亿次/秒）。
|
||||
|
||||
整整一年后天河-2 性能指数仍旧保持不变，它仍然坐在世界上最强超级计算机的头把交椅上。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 2013 年 6 月时，世界上第二快的超级计算机是安置于美国能源部橡树岭国家实验室的 Cray Titan。一年前，Titan可飙至 17.59 petaflops。Titan的优秀表现，正如同天河-2一样， 到了2014 年 6 月仍然保持住了他的地位。
|
||||
|
||||
事实上，在最近的一年中，世界上顶尖的前 10 超级计算机的性能排名几乎没有任何改变，至少根据世界超算 500 强名单来看是这样的。
|
||||
|
||||
如果看看名单底部，在超算排行榜的第500名，是德国Deutcher Wetterdienst 的Cray XC30 ，其性能已经逼近 133.7 teraflops （万亿次/秒）。
|
||||
|
||||
TOP500 网站[指出][1]，"最新名单上的最后的一个系统其实以前处在20年前世界 500 强排行榜中384位"。"这说明这二十年中列表变化不大。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
再次，列表有 85.4%的超级计算机都是英特尔芯片占主导地位的，而 IBM Power 处理器拥有 8%的市场份额。AMD 的占有率目前仅为 6%。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
就芯片架构来说，53.6%的超算都使用 8 个或更多核心的CPU， 13.4%的超算则是 10 个或更多的核心的CPU。
|
||||
|
||||
再来看看网络互联，Infiniband和以太网拆分了整个市场。在 2014 年 6 月名单上，Infiniband占据了系统的 44.4%。
|
||||
|
||||
相比之下，据报道千兆以太网有 25.4%的市场份额， 万兆以太网拥有 15%，合计占以太网整体份额的 40.4%。
|
||||
|
||||
惠普和 IBM 再次占领了超级计算供应商的列表。惠普现在占有 36.4%的份额，而 IBM 占有 35.2%。Cray 排名降低，位列第三，占有10.2%的市场份额。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然在世界前 500 的超级计算机榜单排名里面硬件供应商们，芯片体系架构，核心数量和互联方式竞争激烈，但是在选择操作系统的时候，毫无疑问的是，97%的超算都安装了linux操作系统，即top500超算榜单上的485个超算都安装了linux系统。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/top500-supercomputer-remains-stuck-at-33.86-petaflops.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://top500.org/blog/lists/2014/06/press-release/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
||||
RHEL 7值得注意的5个新特性
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> RHEL 7 支持Docker容器，systemd，兼容微软的身份管理和支持高达500TB的XFS文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在前一个主版本发布3年之后，经过至少6个月的[公开测试][1]，RHEL（Red Hat Enterprise Linux）版本7终于发布了。这次更新表明了红帽子公司对于在RHEL中添加最新的以企业和数据为中心的特性的兴趣。这里列举了其中5个最吸引人眼球的新特性。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Docker ###
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL 7中最大的新特性就是[紧密集成][2]了广受欢迎的应用程序虚拟化技术[Docker][3]。随着[Docker 1.0发布][4]，把它集成到RHEL 7里正是恰逢其时。
|
||||
|
||||
用Docker包装的应用程序可以独立于操作系统，所以它们可以在操作系统之间移植并且正常运行。RHEL 7打算尽可能高效地使用Docker，以防止应用程序竞争资源或者为使用哪种运行时环境而困惑。
|
||||
|
||||
从RHEL的Docker路线图上的长期计划表来看，这可能会超越操作系统本身，发展成一系列的Docker容器，它可以支持用最小的开销部署一个系统。这个被称为"[Atomic项目][5]"的计划还处于早期阶段，红帽公司准备首先将它部署在他的Fedora Linux发行版，仅仅当做对前沿技术的测试。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Systemd ###
|
||||
|
||||
引入systemd进程管理器可能引起系统管理员和Linux专家之间激烈的争论。systemd就被开发用于替代自专用Unix出现以来就在使用的init系统，它使得启动过程中装载服务更加高效。
|
||||
|
||||
因为systemd可能会带来一些不适，红帽公司没有马上在RHEL上使用systemd。早在2010发布的Fedora版本15就已经包含了systemd作为默认项目，这给了红帽公司一次很好的了解systemd在真实世界的运行的经验。同样，systemd也没有孤立地加入RHEL 7，而是作为这个OS大计划的一部分。例如，红帽公司希望通过使用systemd加强对RHEL 7中Docker容器的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 默认使用 XFS ###
|
||||
|
||||
第3个主要的改变是使XFS成为RHEL默认的文件系统，尽管这可能不那么引人瞩目。
|
||||
|
||||
最初由Silicon Graphics International（硅谷图形公司）创建的XFS在Linux系统上用做生产环境已经很长时间了。在RHEL 7上它将支持高达500TB的文件系统。RHEL 6默认使用ext4，尽管它有XFS选项。红帽子的竞争对手Suse Linux [也支持XFS][6]，尽管它安装时[默认使用ext3][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
非常不幸的是，没有真正的方法可以将RHEL目前使用的其他文件系统，比如ext4或者btrfs移植到XFS。只能备份然后重建（来进行移植）。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 兼容微软的身份管理 ###
|
||||
|
||||
就算是那些不是微软系统粉丝的管理员也对微软目录服务保持一定的尊重。RHEL 7添加了两个关键的特性以优化处理微软目录服务（AD）的方式。跨域认证现在可以在RHEL 7和微软目录服务之间建立，所以目录服务用户可以直接访问Linux侧的资源，不需要再进行一次登录。RHEL 7另一个目录服务相关的附加特性，是基于DNS信息自动发现和加入目录服务（或者其他红帽子认证服务）。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 性能监控（PCP：Performance Co-Pilot） ###
|
||||
|
||||
进行性能调整的时候看不到实时数据就像是开着一辆挡风玻璃被刷上了油漆的车，所以RHEL 7添加了一个新的性能监控系统PCP([Performance Co-Pilot][8])，PCP最初由Silicon Graphics International（硅谷图形）[创建][9]，但是现在它是RHEL 7的一部分。除了监控和记录系统状态，PCP还为其他子系统提供获取数据的API和工具集，比如正如你猜到的，刚刚介绍的systemd。
|
||||
|
||||
遵循这个思路，另一个次要的附加特性：新的性能配置文件。RHEL 6已经有符合特殊应用场景的调整RHEL的配置文件。RHEL 7不仅默认有一个新的性能最大化的配置文件，而且包含另一个新的平衡性能表现和能源消耗的配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:http://www.infoworld.com/t/linux/keep-eye-these-5-new-features-in-rhel-7-244023
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[love\_daisy\_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/linux/red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-beta-now-available-232520
|
||||
[2]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/application-virtualization/red-hat-fast-tracks-docker-apps-enterprise-linux-238122
|
||||
[3]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/application-virtualization/docker-unleashed-app-portability-gets-boost-231716
|
||||
[4]:http://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/review-docker-10-ready-prime-time-243935
|
||||
[5]:http://www.projectatomic.io/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.suse.com/products/server/technical-information/
|
||||
[7]:https://www.suse.com/products/server/technical-information/
|
||||
[8]:http://developerblog.redhat.com/2013/11/19/exploratory-performance-pcp/
|
||||
[9]:http://oss.sgi.com/projects/pcp/index.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
||||
KDE Connect增加了安卓文件发送、触摸板模拟等功能
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
通过安卓版的KDE和Plasma Desktop可以将所连接设备的触摸屏当作电脑的触摸板使用。(注：Plasma 是KDE项目提供的所有图形环境总称。目前有三个Plasma子项目：Plasma Desktop用于传统的桌面电脑和笔记本电脑、Plasma Netbook用于上网本，以及Plasma Active用于平板电脑。)
|
||||
|
||||
这个新附加的无线输入设备可以作为一般的鼠标使用，不过仍然不支持像双指划动或双指右击这样的多点触摸。（LCTT译注：双指右击指在触摸板上双指同时双击，代表鼠标右键点击）
|
||||
|
||||
安卓的共享方式现在支持KED Connect，允许你从安卓发送文件到你的桌面，也可以通过Dolphin文件管理的菜单或者用命令行推送文件的方式，从桌面发送文件到安卓。
|
||||
|
||||
在[iOS 8 和 OS X Yosemite][1]、 [Android ‘L’ 和 Chrome OS][2]上的类似支持，计划在这个秋天首次亮相。
|
||||
|
||||
本次更新的版本修复了很多的漏洞，包括很多的改进和对FreeBSD系统的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
完整的特性如下：
|
||||
|
||||
- 在安卓和KDE之间共享文件
|
||||
- 用平板电脑模拟触摸板
|
||||
- 在桌面接收来自安卓4.3以上版本的通知
|
||||
- 共享剪切板支持手机和PC之间的拷贝、粘贴
|
||||
- 可以遥控桌面上选定的媒体播放器
|
||||
- 电池状态
|
||||
- WI-FI连接共享
|
||||
- RSA加密
|
||||
|
||||
### KDE Connect 0.7版下载 ###
|
||||
|
||||
从Google Play和F-Droid商店可以免费下载到KDE Connect Android的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
- [ 从Google Play下载KDE Connect][3]
|
||||
|
||||
为了能用到这些最新特征，你需要安装Plasma的最新版本KDE Connect（0.7版）。撰写本文时,还没有提供deb安装包和PPA源。不过可以在Kubuntu 14.04 LTS上通过安装源码来安装，或用以下介绍方式[戳这里][4]。
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载KDE Connect 0.7源代码][5]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
点击: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/kde-connect-android-notifications-linux-desktop
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[bookjoy](https://github.com/bookjoy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/os-x-10-10-feature-ubuntu-already
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/android-apps-notifications-call-alerts-chromebook/
|
||||
[3]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kde.kdeconnect_tp
|
||||
[4]:https://albertvaka.wordpress.com/2014/06/28/awesome-contributions-to-kde-connect/#comment-1175
|
||||
[5]:http://download.kde.org/unstable/kdeconnect/0.7/src/kdeconnect-kde-0.7.tar.xz.mirrorlist
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
Linux 播客软件‘Vocal’进入Beta阶段，准备测试
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**在四月份我们就被一款叫做['Vocal'][1]的Ubuntu下的播客软件吸引了，但它从一个漂亮的草图到能真正可用，还有一段路要走，而你则可以帮助我们测试一下Vocal。**
|
||||
|
||||
该软件的开发者，Nathan Dyer已经完成了一个beta版本，仍然不够稳定，其中还有很多功能也未完成，但它已经可以通过专用的PPA在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS以及14.10版本下进行测试了。
|
||||
|
||||
新闻的发布者宣称，这个beta版本只能**安装在下一代Elementary OS桌面的系统中**。并且自从Elementary OS不再为用户提供官方的Beta预览版后，让测试这事更加的麻烦了。
|
||||
|
||||
对于Unity、GNOME或者KDE来说试试也许并不太难，我想大概。如果你是Ubuntu的用户，想要试用Vocal，首先得安装不稳定版的Elementary OS的PPA，通常我们都不是很建议这样做。
|
||||
|
||||
Dyer建议感兴趣的用户等待下一代的Elementary OS桌面的beta版本开发完毕吧。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们只能望梅止渴了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Vocal Beta 在 Elementary OS中(图: Dyer)
|
||||
|
||||
因为Vocal是开源的，那将没有任何东西能阻挡它被完美的移植到类似Unity的主流Linux桌面系统中。
|
||||
|
||||
了解更多请访问[开发者的Blog][1]、[查看最新版本][2]或者在Launchpad.net上[查看Vocal的最新信息][3]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/linux-podcast-app-vocal-hits-preview-kicker
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[nd0104](https://github.com/nd0104) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/vocal-podcast-manager-linux
|
||||
[2]:http://nathandyer.me/2014/06/28/vocal-beta-released-daily-ppa-available/
|
||||
[3]:https://launchpad.net/~nathandyer/+archive/vocal-daily
|
||||
[4]:https://launchpad.net/vocal
|
||||
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
|
||||
KDE Connect Adds Android File Sending, Touchpad Emulation
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**A new version of KDE Connect for Android that adds a number of new features has been released.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
KDE Connect can now share files between desktop and mobile
|
||||
|
||||
KDE Connect for Android and the Plasma desktop now allow the touchscreen of a connected device to be used as a touchpad for your computer.
|
||||
|
||||
This additional wireless input device will act just like a basic mouse, though doesn’t (yet) support multitouch features like two finger scrolling or right-clicking.
|
||||
|
||||
Android’s share intent now supports KDE Connect, allowing you to send files from Android to your desktop and vice versa using a menu entry in the Dolphin file manager or by pushing files using a new command line option.
|
||||
|
||||
Similar features for [iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite][1] and [Android ‘L’ and Chrome OS][2] are planned to debut this fall.
|
||||
|
||||
The updated version also fixes a number of bugs and includes numerous improvements, including support for FreeBSD systems.
|
||||
|
||||
Full Feature List:
|
||||
|
||||
- Share files to/from Android and KDE
|
||||
- Touchpad emulation
|
||||
- Receive notifications from Android 4.3+ on desktop
|
||||
- Shared clipboard supports copy and paste between phone and PC
|
||||
- Multimedia remote control for select desktop media players (MPRIS)
|
||||
- Battery status
|
||||
- Wi-Fi connection sharing
|
||||
- RSA Encryption
|
||||
|
||||
### Download KDE Connect 0.7 ###
|
||||
|
||||
The KDE Connect Android application is free to download from the Google Play and F-Droid stores.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download KDE Connect from Google Play][3]
|
||||
|
||||
To make use of the newest features you will also need to install the latest version of KDE Connect (version 0.7) for Plasma. As of writing this is not yet available as a .deb installer or through a PPA. It can, however, be installed from source on Kubuntu 14.04 LTS and above by following the instructions [provided here][4].
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download KDE Connect 0.7 Source][5]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/kde-connect-android-notifications-linux-desktop
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/os-x-10-10-feature-ubuntu-already
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/android-apps-notifications-call-alerts-chromebook/
|
||||
[3]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kde.kdeconnect_tp
|
||||
[4]:https://albertvaka.wordpress.com/2014/06/28/awesome-contributions-to-kde-connect/#comment-1175
|
||||
[5]:http://download.kde.org/unstable/kdeconnect/0.7/src/kdeconnect-kde-0.7.tar.xz.mirrorlist
|
||||
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
||||
New Linux Podcast App ‘Vocal’ Hits Beta, Ready for Testing
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Back in April we found ourselves enamoured by a promising new [podcast app for Ubuntu called ‘Vocal‘][1]. Well, the app has since gone from being a stylish mockup to real working code — and you can help test it.**
|
||||
|
||||
The project’s developer, Nathan Dyer, has made beta builds — still unstable and not feature complete — available for testing through a dedicated PPA for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and 14.10.
|
||||
|
||||
The kicker to this (rather sweet) news is that the beta builds of the app **can only be installed if you’re using the next-gen elementary desktop**. And since elementary do not provide official pre-beta development builds for users to test, that makes it a trite difficult.
|
||||
|
||||
Not quite as difficult as trying it out on Unity, GNOME or KDE desktops, mind. If you’re an Ubuntu user wanting to kick the tires on Vocal you will first need to add an unstable elementary desktop PPA to your systems, something we strongly advise against doing.
|
||||
|
||||
Dyer suggests interested users wait until the first beta of the next elementary version is made available.
|
||||
|
||||
For now we can at least look at it:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Vocal Beta running on Elementary (Image: Dyer)
|
||||
|
||||
Since Vocal is open source there’s nothing to stop it being ported over to mainstream Linux desktop environments such as Unity.
|
||||
|
||||
In the meantime to learn more visit [the developer’s blog][1], [check out the unstable PPA][2] or hit up [Vocal on Launchpad][3].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/linux-podcast-app-vocal-hits-preview-kicker
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/vocal-podcast-manager-linux
|
||||
[2]:http://nathandyer.me/2014/06/28/vocal-beta-released-daily-ppa-available/
|
||||
[3]:https://launchpad.net/~nathandyer/+archive/vocal-daily
|
||||
[4]:https://launchpad.net/vocal
|
||||
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Red Hat Delivers Cloud Certification Plan, and Teams with HP
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When Red Hat [announced][1] very solid quarterly earnings a few days ago, CEO Jim Whitehurst was quick to attribute part of the strong performance to his company's new focus on cloud computing. In discussing the enterprises that pay Red Hat for subcription support and services, he said: "These are some of the most sophisticated IT organizations in the world, and many continue to increase their purchases from Red Hat to modernize their IT infrastructure with cloud enabling technologies."
|
||||
|
||||
[I've made the point before][2] that Red is pinning its future on cloud computing and OpenStack in particular. But for Red Hat to succeed with its OpenStack plans, it needs to be able to assure enterprise users that they are using tested and interoperable tools. With that in mind, the company has [announced][3] a new cloud management certification for Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform as part of the Red Hat OpenStack Cloud Infrastructure Partner Network.
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat has been working closely with cloud and network management solution providers, including iBMC and HP. As members of the Red Hat OpenStack Cloud Infrastructure Partner Network, these vendors are supporting Red Hat's platform certification process.
|
||||
|
||||
Radhesh Balakrishnan, Red Hat's general manager of virtualization and OpenStack said, in a statement:
|
||||
|
||||
> “As OpenStack is becoming a core element of the enterprise cloud strategy for many customers, Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform is architected and backed by the broadest partner ecosystem to be the preferred platform. The growth and maturity of the ecosystem reflects the evolution of the product moving from addressing infrastructure-centric alignment to help with early deployments to now be well-managed, to be part of enterprise hybrid cloud implementations.”
|
||||
|
||||
Atul Garg, vice president and general manager of Cloud and Automation at HP added:
|
||||
|
||||
> “We are excited to work with Red Hat to certify HP Cloud Service Automation and its solutions with Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform, to help our mutual customers build and manage private and hybrid cloud services. Our joint efforts are aimed at enabling customers to have choice and flexibility as they deploy cloud environments which can easily flex and adapt to business needs while supporting heterogeneity and leveraging existing investments in the datacenter.”
|
||||
|
||||
As enterprises deploy OpenStack, they are increasingly concerned about being able to use existing infrastructure and management tools with their deployments. The expansion of Red Hat’s certification program to include cloud management solutions is intended to help enterprises who want to deploy Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform in a private cloud to feel confident in using their management solutions of choice.
|
||||
|
||||
One other notable thing about the new certification program is that it deepens Red Hat's partnership with HP, which is also focused on OpenStack. It will be worth watching what else comes from that partnership, and, without a doubt, [the cloud is the new battleground for winning enterprise users][4].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/red-hat-delivers-cloud-certification-plan-and-teams-with-hp
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/red-hat-beats-q1-earnings-targets-as-revenue-climbs-17-percent-7000030685/
|
||||
[2]:http://ostatic.com/blog/for-red-hat-the-cloud-beckons
|
||||
[3]:http://www.marketwatch.com/story/red-hat-introduces-cloud-management-certification-for-red-hat-enterprise-linux-openstack-platform-2014-06-30
|
||||
[4]:http://ostatic.com/blog/the-cloud-is-the-new-battleground-for-winning-enterprise-users
|
||||
@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
|
||||
linuhap 翻译中
|
||||
CoreOS Linux ending the upgrade cycle
|
||||
CoreOS Linux结束升级周期
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> CoreOS launches commercially supported version of its Linux distribution and vows to do away with manual upgrading
|
||||
> CoreOS发布了他的Linux发行版的商用支持版，并且宣称将废除手动更新。
|
||||
|
||||
IDG News Service - Hoping to simplify life for system administrators, CoreOS has launched a commercial Linux distribution that continually updates itself, eliminating the need to perform major upgrades.
|
||||
国际数据集团新闻社消息——CoreOS发布了商用Linux发行版，以期能简化系统管理员的生活。这个Linux发行版可持续进行自动更新，不需要进行重大升级。
|
||||
|
||||
CoreOS is offering its namesake Linux distribution as a commercial service, [starting][1] at $100 a month.
|
||||
CoreOS提供其同名的Linux发行版做为商业服务，开始为一个月100美元。
|
||||
|
||||
"Businesses today can begin to think of CoreOS as an extension of their OS team, and for enterprise Linux customers this is the last migration they will ever need," said Alex Polvi, founder and CEO of CoreOS, in a statement.
|
||||
“商家现在可以开始考虑将CoreOS作为他们系统团队的延伸，对于企业Linux客户，这将是他们会需要的最后一次迁移。”CoreOS的创始人和CEO在一份声明中这样说。
|
||||
|
||||
Commercial Linux subscriptions are nothing new: Both [Red Hat][2] and [Suse][3] offer commercial subscriptions for their respective distributions.
|
||||
商业Linux订阅并不是什么新鲜事：[Red Hat][2]和[Suse][3]都在为他们各自的发行版提供商业订阅。
|
||||
|
||||
Because the applications and libraries these Linux-based companies use are open source and freely available, the cost of the subscriptions doesn't cover the software itself, but rather pays for the updates, bug fixes, integration and technical support for when issues occur.
|
||||
因为这些以Linux为基础的公司使用的应用程序和库都是开源和免费提供的，所以订阅的费用不包括软件本身，而收费来自更新，漏洞修复，集成以及发生问题时的技术支持。
|
||||
|
||||
CoreOS will be different from these distributions, the company asserted, in that there will be no major updates, which typically require updating all the packages in the distribution at once. Instead, updates and new features will be streamed automatically to the copy of the OS and applied as soon as they are ready.
|
||||
CoreOS公司声称，CoreOS将会和这些发行版不同，它将不会有重大更新，而这些更新通常需要一次更新更新所有的包。它的更新和新特征将会在就绪后自动。。。。CoreOS will be different from these distributions, the company asserted, in that there will be no major updates, which typically require updating all the packages in the distribution at once. Instead, updates and new features will be streamed automatically to the copy of the OS and applied as soon as they are ready.
|
||||
|
||||
The service offers a dashboard, called CoreUpdate, that provides controls for designating which software packages should get updated, should the administrator not want all the packages to be updated automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
||||
KDE Improv, Tablet Projects Officially Axed
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The team behind a highly publicised effort to release a KDE based Linux distribution on fully open hardware has announced the project has come to and end.**
|
||||
|
||||
It’s news that few following the convoluted saga will find surprising, with both the KDE-based [Vivaldi Tablet][1] and Improv board projects having struggled to find their way to market despite numerous pre-orders, sales campaigns and marketing.
|
||||
|
||||
The former of these, once known as ‘Spark’, has existed in various stages of gestation since 2012, only being formally ‘put on hold’ earlier this year.
|
||||
|
||||
Both devices sought to bring hardware running on entirely open source software and drivers to market at an affordable price. Perhaps a little too constrained by the rigidity of their ideal — to offer a modular board that could be used in multiple devices — the projects hit road bump after road bump, delay after delay.
|
||||
|
||||
Announcing the ‘wrap up’ in an e-mail sent to backers of the Improv ARM-based development board the team suggests that the FOSS community is ‘not ready’ to put its weight behind the ‘pressing issue of hardware freedom’, adding:
|
||||
|
||||
> “We greatly appreciate everyone’s support, whether it was purchases, donations or words of wisdom and encouragement. There was simply not enough support to make the project work, despite having fully functional, production ready devices and a strong commitment to succeed.”
|
||||
|
||||
Partial refunds are now being issued to those who pre-ordered a device, with the team hoping to provide full refunds at a later date.
|
||||
|
||||
But while one open-source tablet effort may retire others are continuing. Canonical has stated that the first Ubuntu tablets will launch alongside the first handsets [later this year][2], while Intel and Samsung’s Linux-based Tizen OS is also [fast gathering pace][3].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/kde-improv-tablet-projects-officially-axed
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/03/kde-tablet-vivaldi-gets-gutted
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/ubuntu-tablets-coming-year
|
||||
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/samsung-first-tizen-phone-unveiled
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||
Dwarf Fortress Sees First New Release In 2 Years
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Dwarf Fortress][1] is a single-player fantasy game. You can control a dwarven outpost or an adventurer in a randomly generated, persistent world. The kicker is that the graphics are all text, no actual graphics. There are of course mods to make it graphical however.
|
||||
|
||||
I have to say I don't get the fuss at all with this one. The interface is confusing and it's not nice to look at, but I am guessing with plenty of graphical mods it could get pretty good considering everything you can do in it. I understand it will have a massive amount of replayability due to generating a new world each time, but it just doesn't look inviting to someone who hasn't played a game like it before.
|
||||
|
||||
This new release is the first in 2 years and has massive changes as you might imagine. See the [full rundown here][1].
|
||||
|
||||
What do people see in it exactly? I know plenty of you play it as the amount of people to email it in was crazy. I'm just going to sit back and let the "omg your crazy" comments come in.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/dwarf-fortress-sees-first-new-release-in-2-years.3997
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/index.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
nd0104 is translating
|
||||
Red Hat Announces Availability of its OpenStack Platform 5
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat has [announced][1] the general availability of Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform 5, which is the third enterprise release of the company's OpenStack offering. Aside from new features, the platform is clearly being aimed at many types of organizations, including "advanced cloud users, telecommunications companies, Internet service providers (ISPs), and public cloud hosting providers."
|
||||
|
||||
OpenStack Platform 5 is based on the latest OpenStack Icehouse release and provides more evidence of how very focused on cloud computing Red Hat has become.
|
||||
|
||||
The new release includes a three-year support lifecycle, and [I've made the point before][2] that because of its legendary support for Linux, Red Hat's OpenStack support will be a key differentiator in wooing enterprises. There has been controversy over whether Red Hat will support OpenStack distributions other than its own, which is significant because a recent OpenStack user survey showed that [90% of OpenStack deployments today are not running on RHEL][3], but rather use other flavors of Linux and KVM, such as Ubuntu or CentOS.
|
||||
|
||||
Other features in Red Hat's new release include:
|
||||
|
||||
> **Support for integration with VMware infrastructure**, encompassing virtualization, management, networking and storage. Customers may use existing VMware vSphere resources as virtualization drivers for OpenStack Compute (Nova) nodes, managed from the OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon). Additionally, Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform 5 supports the VMware NSX plugin for OpenStack Networking (Neutron) and the VMware Virtual Machine Disk (VMDK) plugin for OpenStack Block Storage (Cinder).
|
||||
>
|
||||
> **Better placement of workloads across cloud resources**. "Server groups enable workloads to be spread broadly across the OpenStack cloud for enhanced resiliency of distributed applications, or located proximately for lower communications latency and better performance of complex applications."
|
||||
>
|
||||
> **Improved support for virtual machines, supporting new cryptographic security requirements from the United States and United Kingdom**. Using the para-virtualized random number generator device added in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, cryptographic routines in guest applications will have access to better quality encryption and experience improved performance.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> **Improved interoperability of networking stacks**. Red Hat claims that the new modular plugin architecture for Neutron eases the addition of new networking technologies to OpenStack deployments. The new architecture provides a path for customers with heterogeneous networking environments who want to use a mix of networking solutions in their OpenStack environment.
|
||||
|
||||
Radhesh Balakrishnan, general manager, Virtualization and OpenStack, Red Hat, said in a statement:
|
||||
|
||||
> “We see momentum behind OpenStack as a private cloud platform of choice from enterprise customers and service providers alike. Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform 5 not only offers a production-ready, supported version of OpenStack Icehouse, but it brings a number of features that will simplify its use, and enhance dependability for enterprise users. Alongside those new features, we’re extending our support lifecycle for Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform, giving users confidence that the solution they deploy will be supported by our global team for the next three years.”
|
||||
|
||||
You can bet on that last point--a three-year support plan--as a key reason why some enterprises will go with Red Hat in the increasingly competitive OpenStack race. And, clearly, Red Hat is tying its future to cloud computing and the OpenStack platform.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/red-hat-announces-availability-of-its-openstack-platform-5
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.marketwatch.com/story/red-hat-announces-general-availability-of-red-hat-enterprise-linux-openstack-platform-5-2014-07-08
|
||||
[2]:http://ostatic.com/blog/why-red-hats-openstack-support-must-be-as-inclusive-as-possible
|
||||
[3]:http://www.openstack.org/blog/2013/11/openstack-user-survey-october-2013/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
Translating by Alisa-annie
|
||||
The People Who Support Linux: Hacking on Linux Since Age 16
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -43,4 +44,4 @@ via: http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/200-libby-clark/778559-the-people-
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/yl790
|
||||
[2]:http://linuxfromscratch.org/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/41373/catid/200-libby-clark
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/41373/catid/200-libby-clark
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
How to diskless boot a Linux machine
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Diskless booting implies that a client computer does not have any disk storage when booting an operating system. In that case, the computer can load the kernel as well as the root filesystem from a remote NFS server over network. It may use several different methods to load the kernel and the root filesystem from an NFS server: RARP, BOOTP or DHCP protocols. In this tutorial, I will use BOOTP/DHCP protocol because they are supported by many network cards.
|
||||
|
||||
### Advantage of Diskless Computers ###
|
||||
|
||||
Imagine you have 30 computers in your office, all of which need to access the same application. If you are managing the computers as an administrator, what would you do? It will be a waste of your time if you install the application on every computer. On the other hand, a diskless system can eliminate the problem. With a diskless system, you just need to install the application on a central NFS server, and then boot all 30 clients over network.
|
||||
|
||||
### Requirements ###
|
||||
|
||||
Two or more Linux computers equipped with network cards that support DHCP protocol. The computer that will act as an NFS server should have a hard drive, and the other client computer(s) do not need any hard drive. The server and client computer(s) need to be connected to the same local network.
|
||||
|
||||
There are five steps to setting up the diskless system.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install required packages
|
||||
1. Configure a TFTP server
|
||||
1. Configure a DHCP server
|
||||
1. Configure an NFS server
|
||||
1. Booting diskless clients
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, I assume that the computer which will run as a booting server is running Ubuntu. If you are using other Linux distribution, the principle is the same.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step One: Install Required Packages ###
|
||||
|
||||
Use apt-get to install all necessary packages as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa syslinux nfs-kernel-server initramfs-tools
|
||||
|
||||
### Step Two: Configure a TFTP Server ###
|
||||
|
||||
TFTP server is a small FTP server which is needed for automated transfer of boot files between a client computer and server in the local network.
|
||||
|
||||
Add the following lines to /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
|
||||
|
||||
RUN_DAEMON="yes"
|
||||
OPTIONS="-l -s /var/lib/tftpboot/"
|
||||
|
||||
Next, create a boot directory.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
|
||||
|
||||
Copy the bootstrap ROM.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot
|
||||
|
||||
Create a default boot configuration file as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
LABEL Ubuntu
|
||||
KERNEL vmlinuz
|
||||
APPEND root=/dev/nfs initrd=initrd.img nfsroot=10.10.101.1:/nfsroot ip=dhcp rw
|
||||
|
||||
Note:
|
||||
|
||||
- "root=/dev/nfs" means the network filesystem on the server (doesn't need to change).
|
||||
- "initrd=initrd.img" is a boot script for system startup.
|
||||
- "nfsroot=10.10.101.1/nfsroot" indicates the server's IP address and the NFS share folder name. Substitute the IP address with your server's address.
|
||||
- "ip=dhcp" means that client computers use DHCP addressing scheme.
|
||||
- "rw" means that the NFS share is read/write.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, restart the TFTPD service.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa restart
|
||||
|
||||
### Step Three: Configure DHCP Service ###
|
||||
|
||||
You also need to configure DHCP service on the NFS server to allow booting with /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0. Your configuration might look like the following, assuming you using subnet 10.10.101.0.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
allow booting;
|
||||
allow bootp;
|
||||
|
||||
subnet 10.10.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
|
||||
range 10.10.101.2 10.10.101.254;
|
||||
option broadcast-address 10.10.101.255;
|
||||
option routers 10.10.101.1;
|
||||
filename "/pxelinux.0";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Then restart DHCP service.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart
|
||||
|
||||
### Step Four: Configure an NFS server ###
|
||||
|
||||
Create a directory that holds the client root filesystem.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir /nfsroot
|
||||
|
||||
Next, configure the NFS server to export the client root filesystem. For that, add the following line to /etc/exports.
|
||||
|
||||
/nfsroot *(rw,no_root_squash,async,insecure,no_subtree_check)
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to reload modified /etc/exports.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo exportfs -rv
|
||||
|
||||
By default, Ubuntu does not add network boot support to the initrd image. Thus you need to create a new initrd.img file. For that, first add the following line to /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf
|
||||
|
||||
BOOT=nfs
|
||||
MODULES=netboot
|
||||
|
||||
Then run the following command to create a new initrd.img.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkinitramfs -o /var/lib/tftpboot/initrd.img
|
||||
|
||||
Copy the new kernel image to /var/lib/tftpboot.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cp /boot/vmlinuz-`uname -r` /var/lib/tfftpboot/vmlinuz
|
||||
Now it is time to copy the entire root filesystem to /nfsroot.
|
||||
|
||||
Assuming tgat you are using a fresh Ubuntu server installation, you just need to clone the server filesystem to the NFS root.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cp -ax / /nfsroot
|
||||
|
||||
Then open /nfsroot/etc/fstab with a text editor to add the following line.
|
||||
|
||||
/dev/nfs / nfs defaults 1 1
|
||||
|
||||
The directory /var/lib/tftpboot should have world read/write permissions. Otherwise the client would not be able to boot from network.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /var/lib/tfftpboot
|
||||
|
||||
Lastly, to avoid any misconfiguration on the server, I recommend using a static IP address for the interface which DHCP service is running on. For example, if its network interface is named eth0, your configuration in /etc/network/interfaces should look like this:
|
||||
|
||||
iface eth0 inet static
|
||||
address 10.10.101.1
|
||||
netmask 255.255.255.0
|
||||
broadcast 10.10.101.255
|
||||
network 10.10.101.0
|
||||
|
||||
### Step Five: Booting a Diskless Client ###
|
||||
|
||||
After you completed the configuration on the server. Boot your client from network. To boot from network, you typically need to change the boot order priority in your BIOS configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
If a client booted successful, then your diskless environment is ready. You can add one or more client computers without changing anything.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/diskless-boot-linux-machine.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
How to Install Lightweight Budgie Desktop in Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**If you follow us over on Twitter you may have caught a glimpse of a screenshot we shared recently, along with the invitation to name the desktop environment pictured. **
|
||||
|
||||
Did you guess correctly? The answer is [Budgie][1] — a simple desktop designed for, but not exclusive to, an openSUSE-based Linux distribution called Evolve OS.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We first wrote about Budgie back in March and were suitably bowled over by both the clean, minimal aesthetic and nimble framework, but also by the decision to reuse common components and the standard stack of GNOME 3.10 technologies readily available in most modern distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m a huge admirer of the development choices taken by the project lead, Ikey Doherty. There’s no denying that forking has its merits, but by deciding to favour upstream projects whole project is able to move faster, both development-wise (less technical debt) and in being available for users (easier to run on other distributions).
|
||||
|
||||
Politics of choice aside, the desktop is clean and minimal with a nod to the Ash desktop of Google’s Chrome OS. If you don’t mind a few rough edges, its well worth a play with. But how do you install Budgie on Ubuntu?
|
||||
|
||||
### Unofficial PPA is Unofficial ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open source being what it is means if you have a bit of terminal know-how you can grab the source and get it up and running with a bit of wily compiling.
|
||||
|
||||
But if you’re too lazy for that and happen to be running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (or a distro based on it) you can get it the easy way.
|
||||
|
||||
Just add one **unofficial PPA**, refresh your Software Sources and then install. A few minutes later and you’ll have both a new uncle in the family by the [name of Bob][2] and a new desktop shell to play with.
|
||||
|
||||
### Add the Budgie PPA ###
|
||||
|
||||
With a terminal window open copy and paste the following commands carefully, entering your password when/if prompted:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sukso96100/budgie-desktop
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install budgie-desktop
|
||||
|
||||
### Log into the Budgie Session ###
|
||||
|
||||
After installation you’ll be able to select ‘Budgie’ from the session selector of the Unity Greeter. (Don’t forget to change this back to a stable DE at a later date.)
|
||||
|
||||
### Notes ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Budgie is not stable, finished nor is it officially supported on Ubuntu**. It is in active development and features remain missing, including, but not limited to: no network management support, no volume control applet (keyboard keys will work fine), no notification system and no way to ‘pin’ apps to the task bar.
|
||||
|
||||
It also doesn’t play too nicely with Ubuntu’s overlay scrollbars, some GTK themes, and session management (e.g., logout, restart, etc.) on distributions using Upstart (like Ubuntu, [though that’s changing][3]) does not work.
|
||||
|
||||
As a workaround you can disable overlay scrollbars, set a different default theme and quit a session from the terminal using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
gnome-session-quit
|
||||
|
||||
With all of those caveats in mind, I’d suggest those whose sanity hinges on a stable, dependable system avoid using it for now.
|
||||
|
||||
But for the rest of you crazy folks? Well, let us know what you think of it in the comments below. I’m off to let Bob in.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/install-budgie-evolve-os-desktop-ubuntu-14-04
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/budgie-desktop-chrome-os-like
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob
|
||||
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-debian-switching-systemd
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
|
||||
How to simulate key press and mouse movement in Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Have you ever dreamed of your computer doing stuff automatically for you? Probably not if you just watched Terminator. But except for that, scripting and task automation are every power user's dreams. If a lot of solutions exist today to fit such goal, it is sometimes hard to pick the simple, smart, and efficient one out of the lot. I cannot pretend to have found it myself, but in the mean time, my preference goes to neat software called xdotool. Its approach is intuitive as it stands as an X11 automation tool. In other words, xdotool can simulate key presses and even mouse events from reading a text file.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation of Xdotool on Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
For Ubuntu, Debian or Linux Mint, you can just do:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xdotool
|
||||
|
||||
For Fedora, use yum command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install xdotool
|
||||
|
||||
For CentOS user, the package is available in [EPEL repo][1]. After enabling EPEL repo, simply use yum command as above.
|
||||
|
||||
For Arch user, the package is available in the Community repo:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pacman -S xdotool
|
||||
|
||||
If you cannot find xdotool for your distribution, you can always download it from the [official website][2].
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage of Xdotool ###
|
||||
|
||||
As intuitive as it is, xdotool remains a scripting application. Hence you have to know the syntax in order to use it properly. Rest assured though, the syntax is very simple and quick to pick up, relative to the extent of the program's features.
|
||||
|
||||
First, it is very easy to simulate key press. From the terminal, you can type the command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xdotool key [name of the key]
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to chain two keys, use the "+" operator between them. So:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xdotool key alt+Tab
|
||||
|
||||
will switch window for you.
|
||||
|
||||
To have xdotool type for you, use the type command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xdotool type ''
|
||||
|
||||
That's already enough for basic key pressing. But one of the many strengths of xdotool is its ability to put the focus on a particular window. It can fetch the right window, and then type in it, preventing all your recorded keystrokes to just vaporize in thin air. For this, the simplest command is:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xdotool search --name [name of the window] key [keys to press]
|
||||
|
||||
This will search through the opened window for one with the name matching the search, give it the focus, and then simulate the key pressing.
|
||||
|
||||
A bit more advanced, but very useful, xdotool can simulate mouse movement and click. With:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xdotool mousemove x y
|
||||
|
||||
you can place the cursor at coordinates (x,y) of your screen (in pixels). You can also combine it with the "click" argument:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xdotool mousemove x y click 1
|
||||
|
||||
This will move the mouse to (x,y), and click with the left button. The "1" represents the left button of the mouse, "2" would be the scroll wheel, "3" the right button, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, once you have your commands in mind, you might want to actually dump it in a file to edit and play. For that, there is more than one syntax. You can write is a bash script:
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
xdotool [command 1]
|
||||
xdotool [command 2]
|
||||
etc
|
||||
|
||||
Or you can use:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xdotool [filename]
|
||||
|
||||
where you write your commands in a separate file and plug its name as the argument.
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus ###
|
||||
|
||||
As a bonus to this post, here is a concrete example of xdotool in action. You may or may not have heard of Bing, the Microsoft's search engine. In the latter case, you have then never heard of Bing Rewards: a program that allows you to trade Bing points for Amazon's and other gift cards. To earn those points, you can do up to 30 searches a day on Bing, each search giving you 0.5 point. In other words, you have to make Bing your default search engine, and use it every day.
|
||||
|
||||
Or, you can use this xdotool script, which will automatically give focus to Firefox (replace it with your favorite navigator), and perform a search using the fortune command to generate some random words. In about 30 seconds, all your daily searches will be done.
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
for i in {1..30}
|
||||
do
|
||||
WID=`xdotool search --title "Mozilla Firefox" | head -1`
|
||||
xdotool windowfocus $WID
|
||||
xdotool key ctrl+l
|
||||
xdotool key Tab
|
||||
SENTENCE="$(fortune | cut -d' ' -f1-3 | head -1)"
|
||||
xdotool type $SENTENCE
|
||||
xdotool key "Return"
|
||||
sleep 4
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, I really like xdotool even if its full capabilities extend way beyond the scope of this post. It is a really approachable way to scripting and task automation. The downside is that it probably is not the most efficient one. But again, it does the job, and isn't too much of a bother to learn.
|
||||
|
||||
What are your thoughts on xdotool? Do you prefer another automation tool to it? And why? Let us know in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/simulate-key-press-mouse-movement-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/xdotool/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
||||
How to use systemd for system administration on Debian
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Soon enough, hardly any Linux user will be able to escape the ever growing grasp that systemd imposes on Linux, unless they manually opt out. systemd has created more technical, emotional, and social issues than any other piece of software as of late. This predominantly came to show in the [heated discussions][1] also dubbed as the 'Init Wars', that occupied parts of the Debian developer body for months. While the Debian Technical Comittee finally decided to include systemd in Debian 8 "Jessie", there were efforts to [supersede the decision][2] by a General Resolution, and even threats to the health of developers in favor of systemd.
|
||||
|
||||
This goes to show how deep systemd interferes with the way of handling Linux systems that has, in large parts, been passed down to us from the Unix days. Theorems like "one tool for the job" are overthrown by the new kid in town. Besides substituting sysvinit as init system, it digs deep into system administration. For right now a lot of the commands you are used to will keep on working due to the compatibility layer provided by the package systemd-sysv. That might change as soon as systemd 214 is uploaded to Debian, destined to be released in the stable branch with Debian 8 "Jessie". From thereon, users need to utilize the new commands that come with systemd for managing services, processes, switching run levels, and querying the logging system. A workaround is to set up aliases in .bashrc.
|
||||
|
||||
So let's have a look at how systemd will change your habits of administrating your computers and the pros and cons involved. Before making the switch to systemd, it is a good security measure to save the old sysvinit to be able to still boot, should systemd fail. This will only work as long as systemd-sysv is not yet installed, and can be easily obtained by running:
|
||||
|
||||
# cp -av /sbin/init /sbin/init.sysvinit
|
||||
|
||||
Thusly prepared, in case of emergency, just append:
|
||||
|
||||
init=/sbin/init.sysvinit
|
||||
|
||||
to the kernel boot-time parameters.
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage of systemctl ###
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl is the command that substitutes the old "/etc/init.d/foo start/stop", but also does a lot more, as you can learn from its man page.
|
||||
|
||||
Some basic use-cases are:
|
||||
|
||||
- systemctl - list all loaded units and their state (where unit is the term for a job/service)
|
||||
- systemctl list-units - list all units
|
||||
- systemctl start [NAME...] - start (activate) one or more units
|
||||
- systemctl stop [NAME...] - stop (deactivate) one or more units
|
||||
- systemctl disable [NAME...] - disable one or more unit files
|
||||
- systemctl list-unit-files - show all installed unit files and their state
|
||||
- systemctl --failed - show which units failed during boot
|
||||
- systemctl --type=mount - filter for types; types could be: service, mount, device, socket, target
|
||||
- systemctl enable debug-shell.service - start a root shell on TTY 9 for debugging
|
||||
|
||||
For more convinience in handling units, there is the package systemd-ui, which is started as user with the command systemadm.
|
||||
|
||||
Switching runlevels, reboot and shutdown are also handled by systemctl:
|
||||
|
||||
- systemctl isolate graphical.target - take you to what you know as init 5, where your X-server runs
|
||||
- systemctl isolate multi-user.target - take you to what you know as init 3, TTY, no X
|
||||
- systemctl reboot - shut down and reboot the system
|
||||
- systemctl poweroff - shut down the system
|
||||
|
||||
All these commands, other than the ones for switching runlevels, can be executed as normal user.
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage of journalctl ###
|
||||
|
||||
systemd does not only boot machines faster than the old init system, it also starts logging much earlier, including messages from the kernel initialization phase, the initial RAM disk, the early boot logic, and the main system runtime. So the days where you needed to use a camera to provide the output of a kernel panic or otherwise stalled system for debugging are mostly over.
|
||||
|
||||
With systemd, logs are aggregated in the journal which resides in /var/log/. To be able to make full use of the journal, we first need to set it up, as Debian does not do that for you yet:
|
||||
|
||||
# addgroup --system systemd-journal
|
||||
# mkdir -p /var/log/journal
|
||||
# chown root:systemd-journal /var/log/journal
|
||||
# gpasswd -a $user systemd-journal
|
||||
|
||||
That will set up the journal in a way where you can query it as normal user. Querying the journal with journalctl offers some advantages over the way syslog works:
|
||||
|
||||
- journalctl --all - show the full journal of the system and all its users
|
||||
- journalctl -f - show a live view of the journal (equivalent to "tail -f /var/log/messages")
|
||||
- journalctl -b - show the log since the last boot
|
||||
- journalctl -k -b -1 - show all kernel logs from the boot before last (-b -1)
|
||||
- journalctl -b -p err - shows the log of the last boot, limited to the priority "ERROR"
|
||||
- journalctl --since=yesterday - since Linux people normally do not often reboot, this limits the size more than -b would
|
||||
- journalctl -u cron.service --since='2014-07-06 07:00' --until='2014-07-06 08:23' - show the log for cron for a defined timeframe
|
||||
- journalctl -p 2 --since=today - show the log for priority 2, which covers emerg, alert and crit; resembles syslog priorities emerg (0), alert (1), crit (2), err (3), warning (4), notice (5), info (6), debug (7)
|
||||
- journalctl > yourlog.log - copy the binary journal as text into your current directory
|
||||
|
||||
Journal and syslog can work side-by-side. On the other hand, you can remove any syslog packages like rsyslog or syslog-ng once you are satisfied with the way the journal works.
|
||||
|
||||
For very detailed output, append "systemd.log_level=debug" to the kernel boot-time parameter list, and then run:
|
||||
|
||||
# journalctl -alb
|
||||
|
||||
Log levels can also be edited in /etc/systemd/system.conf.
|
||||
|
||||
### Analyzing the Boot Process with systemd ###
|
||||
|
||||
systemd allows you to effectively analyze and optimize your boot process:
|
||||
|
||||
- systemd-analyze - show how long the last boot took for kernel and userspace
|
||||
- systemd-analyze blame - show details of how long each service took to start
|
||||
- systemd-analyze critical-chain - print a tree of the time-critical chain of units
|
||||
- systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg - put a vector graphic of your boot process (requires graphviz package)
|
||||
- systemd-analyze plot > bootplot.svg - generate a graphical timechart of the boot process
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
systemd has pretty good documentation for such a young project under heavy developement. First of all, there is the [0pointer series by Lennart Poettering][3]. The series is highly technical and quite verbose, and holds a wealth of information. Another good source is the distro agnostic [Freedesktop info page][4] with the largest collection of links to systemd resources, distro specific pages, bugtrackers and documentation. A quick glance at:
|
||||
|
||||
# man systemd.index
|
||||
|
||||
will give you an overview of all systemd man pages. The command structure for systemd for various distributions is pretty much the same, differences are found mainly in the packaging.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/use-systemd-system-administration-debian.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2013/10/msg00444.html
|
||||
[2]:https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2014/02/msg00316.html
|
||||
[3]:http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
cvsher翻译中
|
||||
Linux Basics: How To Find Size of Directory Commands
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
This is the first in a series of posts in coming where I’ll be writing about some **basic commands** that that will be of good use to new users.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: This is targeted at people little or no command line experience..
|
||||
|
||||
> How can I as a new user to Linux display directory properties from the terminal?
|
||||
|
||||
### Requirements ###
|
||||
|
||||
The only requirement is the **du** command line tool. du comes with almost every Linux distro by default.
|
||||
|
||||
Check if du it’s on your system by running the command below in the terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
man du
|
||||
|
||||
**du** command estimates file space usage
|
||||
|
||||
### Using du ###
|
||||
|
||||
Running du with no flag displays names of all directories including sub-directories and sizes in bytes.
|
||||
|
||||
du
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Using the **-h** flag displays the sizes in human readable format, that is **K, M** and **G** representing **Kilobyte, Megabyte** and **Gigabyte** respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
du - h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To view a specific directory indicate that after du and flag as shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
du -h Mapmaker
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Use -c to see grand **total** displayed:
|
||||
|
||||
du -ch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Use **-s** flag to display only grand total / disk space used for specific directories:
|
||||
|
||||
du -sh Mapmaker Sandbox
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
See man du for more flags and there uses
|
||||
|
||||
man du
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Knows other combinations of du? Share with myself and others here too.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-find-size-directory-commands/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
|
||||
世界 500 强的超级计算机计算性能仍然保持在 33.86 千万亿次/秒
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
天河2号 一年以前第一次跳上世界超算舞台，拥有了当时世界上最强计算机的皇冠。当时，天河2号被评测为每秒 33.86 千万亿次。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
满满一年后天河-2 性能指数仍旧保持不变，它仍然坐上了了世界上最强超级计算机的头把交椅。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
截止到 2013 年 6 月号，世界上两个超级计算机都是安置于美国能源部橡树岭国家实验室的是 Cray Titan，。一年前，Titan可飙至 17.59 千万亿次每秒。Titan的优秀表现，正如同天河-2， 在2014 年 6 月，但它仍然保持了他的地位。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
事实上，在最近的一年中，世界上顶尖的前 10 超级计算机的性能排名几乎没有任何改变，至少根据世界超算 500 强名单来看是这样的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果将名单倒着来看，在超算500强排行榜上，在德国Deutcher Wetterdienst 的Cray XC30 性能已经逼近 133.7 计算机每秒。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
TOP500 网站指出，"最新名单上的最新的系统其实以前处在旧的世界 500 强排行榜中384位"。"这代表列表中最少的滚动周期是二十年。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
再次，列表有 85.4%的超级计算机都是英特尔芯片占主导地位的，和 IBM 电源和处理器拥有 8%的市场份额。AMD 的占有率目前仅为 6%。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
就芯片架构来说，53.6%的超算都拥有 8 个或更多核心， 13.4%的超算有 10 个或更多的核心。
|
||||
|
||||
再来看看网络连接，无限宽带和以太网拆分了整个市场。在 2014 年 6 月名单上，无限宽带占据了系统的 44.4%。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
相比之下，据报道千兆位以太网有 25.4%的市场份额， 10千兆位以太网拥有 15%，为以太网整体份额的 40.4%。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
惠普和 IBM 再次占领了超级计算供应商的列表。惠普现在持有 36.4%的份额，而 IBM 持有 35.2%。Cray 压低了排名第三，10.2%的市场份额。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
尽管有着竞争激烈的的供应商们，芯片体系架构，核心数量和互联方式等重要因素在世界前 500 的超级计算机榜单排名时扮演着重要的角色，但是在选择操作系统的时候，毫无疑问的是，97%的超算都安装了linux操作系统，即top500超算榜单上的485个超算都安装了linux系统。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/top500-supercomputer-remains-stuck-at-33.86-petaflops.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
|
||||
CNprober translatinged... 619913541
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL 7值得注意的5个新特性
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> RHEL 7 支持Docker容器，systemd，兼容微软的身份管理和支持500TB的XFS文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After six-plus months of [public beta testing][1] and more than three years after its previous major point release, RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) version 7 is out. The update speaks to Red Hat's interests in outfitting RHEL with many of the latest enterprise and data center features. Here are the five top-of-the-line new additions to RHEL 7 that caught our eyes.
|
||||
在前一个主版本发布3年之后，经过至少6个月的[公开测试][1]，RHEL（Red Hat Enterprise Linux）版本7终于发布了。这次更新表明了红帽子公司对于在RHEL中添加最新的以企业和数据为中心的特性的兴趣。这里列举了其中5个最吸引人眼球的新特性。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Docker ###
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL 7中最大的新特性就是[紧密集成][2]了巨受欢迎的应用程序虚拟化技术[Docker][3]。随着[Docker 1.0发布][4]，把它集成到RHEL 7的时机是最合适不过了。
|
||||
|
||||
用Docker包装的应用程序可以独立于操作系统，所以他们可以在操作系统之间移植并且正常运行。RHEL 7打算尽可能高效地使用Docker，以防止应用程序竞争资源或者为使用哪种运行时环境而困惑。
|
||||
|
||||
从RHEL的Docker地图上的长期计划表来看，这可能会超越操作系统本身，发展成一系列的Docker容器，它可以支持用最小的开销部署一个系统。这个被称为"[Atomic项目][5]"的计划还处于早期阶段，红帽子公司准备首先将它首先部署在他的Fedora Linux发行版，仅仅当做对前沿技术的测试。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Systemd ###
|
||||
|
||||
包含systemd进程管理器可能引起系统管理员和Linux专家之间激烈的争论。自专用Unix出现以来，systemd就被开发用于替代init系统，它使得启动过程中装载服务更加高效。
|
||||
|
||||
因为systemd的这个潜在的痛处，红帽子公司没有立刻添加systemd（到RHEL）。早在2010发布的Fedora版本15就已经包含了systemd作为默认项目，这给了红帽子公司一次很好的了解systemd在真实世界的运行的经验。同样，systemd也没有武断地加入RHEL 7，只是作为这个OS大计划的一部分。例如，红帽子公司希望通过使用systemd加强对RHEL 7中Docker容器的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. XFS by default ###
|
||||
|
||||
第3个主要的改变是使XFS成为RHEL默认的文件系统，尽管这可能不那么引人瞩目。
|
||||
|
||||
最初由Silicon Graphics International（硅谷图形公司）创建的XFS在Linux系统上用做生产环境已经很长时间了。在RHEL 7上它将支持高达500TB的文件系统。RHEL 6默认使用ext4，尽管它有XFS选项。红帽子的竞争对手Suse Linux [也支持XFS][6],尽管它安装时[默认使用ext3][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
非常不幸的是，没有真正的方法可以将RHEL目前使用的其他文件系统，比如ext4或者btrfs移植到XFS。只能备份然后重建（来进行移植）。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 兼容微软的身份管理 ###
|
||||
|
||||
就算是那些不是微软系统粉丝的管理员也对微软目录服务保持勉强的尊重。RHEL 7添加了两个关键的特性以优化处理微软目录服务的方式。跨域认证现在可以在RHEL 7和微软目录服务之间建立，所以目录服务用户可以直接访问Linux侧的资源，不需要再进行一次登录。RHEL 7另一个目录服务相关的附加特性，是基于DNS信息自动发现和加入目录服务（或者其他红帽子认证服务）。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Performance Co-Pilot ###
|
||||
|
||||
进行性能调整的时候看不到实时数据就像是开着挡风玻璃被刷上了油漆的车，所以RHEL 7添加了一个新的性能监控系统PCP([Performance Co-Pilot][8])，PCP最初由Silicon Graphics International（硅谷图形）[创建][9]，但是现在它是RHEL 7的一部分。除了监控和记录系统状态，PCP还为其他子系统提供获取数据的API和工具集，比如正如你猜到的，刚刚介绍的systemd。
|
||||
|
||||
遵循这个思路，另一个次要的附加特性：新的性能配置文件。RHEL 6已经有符合特殊应用场景的调整RHEL的配置文件。RHEL 7不仅默认有一个新的着重使产量最大化的配置文件，而且包含另一个新的平衡性能表现和能源消耗的配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:http://www.infoworld.com/t/linux/keep-eye-these-5-new-features-in-rhel-7-244023
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[love_daisy_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/linux/red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-beta-now-available-232520
|
||||
[2]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/application-virtualization/red-hat-fast-tracks-docker-apps-enterprise-linux-238122
|
||||
[3]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/application-virtualization/docker-unleashed-app-portability-gets-boost-231716
|
||||
[4]:http://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/review-docker-10-ready-prime-time-243935
|
||||
[5]:http://www.projectatomic.io/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.suse.com/products/server/technical-information/
|
||||
[7]:https://www.suse.com/products/server/technical-information/
|
||||
[8]:http://developerblog.redhat.com/2013/11/19/exploratory-performance-pcp/
|
||||
[9]:http://oss.sgi.com/projects/pcp/index.html
|
||||
151
translated/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md
Normal file
151
translated/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
|
||||
如何无盘启动Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
无盘启动意味着一台客户端电脑在启动操作系统时没有任何的磁盘存储介质。在这种情形之下，电脑能够通过网络从远程NFS服务器上加载内核和根文件系统。在这过程中可能会用到数种不同的方法来从NFS服务器上加载内核和根文件系统：RARP，BOOTP或是DHCP协议。在这个指导教程中，我会使用BOOTP/DHCP协议，因为它们能够被大多数的网卡所支持。
|
||||
|
||||
### 无盘计算机的优势 ###
|
||||
|
||||
想象一下你的办公室内有30台电脑，每一台都需要使用相同的应用程序。如果你作为管理这些电脑的管理员，你会怎么做？如果你在每一台电脑上安装应用程序，那只是在浪费你的时间。另一方面来说，一套无盘系统就能解决你的问题。有了一套无盘系统，你只需在中央NFS服务器上安装需要的程序，然后通过网络启动这30台客户机即可。
|
||||
|
||||
### 需要什么 ###
|
||||
|
||||
两台或更多的装备有支持DHCP协议的网卡的Linux电脑。这些将扮演NFS服务器角色的电脑应当配有硬盘，其它客户机不需要任何的硬盘。服务器和客户机需要连接到同一个本地网络之内。
|
||||
|
||||
设置一个无盘系统共需要五步。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 安装所需的包
|
||||
1. 配置TFTP服务器
|
||||
1. 配置DHCP服务器
|
||||
1. 配置NFS服务器
|
||||
1. 启动无盘客户机
|
||||
|
||||
在这个指导教程中，我假设作为启动服务器的电脑运行着Ubuntu。如何你正在使用其它的Linux发行版，原理是一样的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第一步：安装所需的包 ###
|
||||
|
||||
像下面这样使用apt-get命令来安装所有需要的包。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa syslinux nfs-kernel-server initramfs-tools
|
||||
|
||||
### 第二步：配置TFTP服务器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
TFTP服务器是一个小型FTP服务器，需要用它来在本地网络中的客户机和服务器之间自动传输启动文件。
|
||||
|
||||
向/etc/default/tftpd-hpa中添加以下行：
|
||||
|
||||
RUN_DAEMON="yes"
|
||||
OPTIONS="-l -s /var/lib/tftpboot/"
|
||||
|
||||
接着，创建一个启动文件夹。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
|
||||
|
||||
复制引导程序镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot
|
||||
|
||||
像下面这样创建一个默认启动配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
LABEL Ubuntu
|
||||
KERNEL vmlinuz
|
||||
APPEND root=/dev/nfs initrd=initrd.img nfsroot=10.10.101.1:/nfsroot ip=dhcp rw
|
||||
|
||||
注意：
|
||||
|
||||
- "root=/dev/nfs"表示服务器上的网络文件系统（不需要修改）。
|
||||
- "initrd=initrd.img"是一个用于系统启动的启动脚本。
|
||||
- "nfsroot=10.10.101.1/nfsroot"指明了服务器的IP地址以及NFS共享文件夹的名称。用你的服务器地址来替换掉IP地址。
|
||||
- "ip=dhcp"表示客户端电脑使用DHCP寻址方案。
|
||||
- "rw"表示NFS共享是可读/可写的。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，重启TFTPD服务。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa restart
|
||||
|
||||
### 第三步：配置DHCP服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你还需要在NFS服务器上配置DHCP服务来允许使用/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0启动。假设你在使用10.10.101.0作为子网，你的配置可能看起来像下面这样子。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
allow booting;
|
||||
allow bootp;
|
||||
|
||||
subnet 10.10.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
|
||||
range 10.10.101.2 10.10.101.254;
|
||||
option broadcast-address 10.10.101.255;
|
||||
option routers 10.10.101.1;
|
||||
filename "/pxelinux.0";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
然后重启DHCP服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart
|
||||
|
||||
### 第四步：配置NFS服务器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
创建一个保存客户机根文件系统目录的文件夹。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir /nfsroot
|
||||
|
||||
接着，设置NFS服务器导出客户机根文件系统。向/etc/exports添加以下行来实现。
|
||||
|
||||
/nfsroot *(rw,no_root_squash,async,insecure,no_subtree_check)
|
||||
|
||||
运行下列命令来重新载入修改过的/etc/exports。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo exportfs -rv
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，Ubuntu在initrd镜像中不提供网络启动支持。因此你需要创建一个新的initrd.img文件。首先添加下列行到/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf中。
|
||||
|
||||
BOOT=nfs
|
||||
MODULES=netboot
|
||||
|
||||
然后运行下列命令来创建一个新的initrd.img。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkinitramfs -o /var/lib/tftpboot/initrd.img
|
||||
|
||||
将新的内核镜像文件复制到/var/lib/tftpboot中。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cp /boot/vmlinuz-`uname -r` /var/lib/tfftpboot/vmlinuz
|
||||
|
||||
是时候将整个根文件系统拷贝到/nfsroot中了。
|
||||
|
||||
假设您使用的是一个全新的Ubuntu服务器安装，你只需将文件系统拷贝到NFS的根之中。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cp -ax / /nfsroot
|
||||
|
||||
然后打开用文本编辑器打开/nfsroot/etc/fstab并添加以下行。
|
||||
|
||||
/dev/nfs / nfs defaults 1 1
|
||||
|
||||
文件夹/var/lib/tftpboot应拥有全局读写权限。否则客户机无法从网络启动。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /var/lib/tfftpboot
|
||||
|
||||
最后，为了避免任何服务器设置出现错误，我推荐对运行DHCP服务的网卡使用静态IP。举个例子，如果网卡名为eth0，你的/etc/network/interfaces中的配置应该看起来像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
iface eth0 inet static
|
||||
address 10.10.101.1
|
||||
netmask 255.255.255.0
|
||||
broadcast 10.10.101.255
|
||||
network 10.10.101.0
|
||||
|
||||
### 第五步：启动无盘客户机 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在你完成了服务器上的配置之后，从网络启动你的客户机。要从网络启动一般你只需修改BIOS设置中的启动优先顺序即可。
|
||||
|
||||
如果客户机启动成功，你的无盘环境就配置好了。你无需修改任何东西就可以任意添加一台或多台客户端电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/diskless-boot-linux-machine.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
|
||||
translating by johnhoow...
|
||||
给linux用户的11个高级MySQL数据库面试问题和答案
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
我们已经发表了两篇MySQL的文章,非常感谢Tecmint社区的大力支持.这是MySQL面试系列的第三篇文章,并且在面试专栏中排第16.
|
||||
@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ translating by johnhoow...
|
||||
感谢你们这一路上对我们的支持.这篇文章主要针对MySQL的实用性,讲面试方面的问题.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 如何使用SELECT语句找到你正在运行的服务器的版本并打印出当前数据库的名称? ###
|
||||
**答案**:下面的语句的结果会显示服务器的版本和当前的数据库名称
|
||||
**Ans**:下面的语句的结果会显示服务器的版本和当前的数据库名称
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT VERSION(), DATABASE();
|
||||
|
||||
@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ translating by johnhoow...
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 使用非运算符(!)从表"Tecmint"中列出除了user等于"SAM"的所有记录
|
||||
|
||||
**答案**:使用下面的语句
|
||||
**Ans**:使用下面的语句
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM Tecmint WHERE user !=SAM;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -56,12 +55,11 @@ translating by johnhoow...
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 是否能够使用非运算符(!)来实现'AND'运算
|
||||
|
||||
**答案**: The AND operator is used when we use (=) and the operator OR is used when we use (!=). An example of (=) with AND Operator.
|
||||
**答案**:
|
||||
**Ans**: 我们使用’=’号和OR运算符或者'!='和AND运算符，下面是'='和AND运算符的例子
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM mail WHERE user = SAM AND root = phil
|
||||
|
||||
An Example of (!=) with OR Operator.
|
||||
'!='和OR运算符的例子
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM mail WHERE user != SAM OR root != phil
|
||||
|
||||
@ -71,15 +69,15 @@ An Example of (!=) with OR Operator.
|
||||
| 2001-05-14 14:42:21 | Anthony | venus | barb | venus | 98151 |
|
||||
+---------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------+
|
||||
|
||||
- = : means Equal to
|
||||
- != : Not Equal to
|
||||
- ! : represents NOT Operator
|
||||
- = : 等于
|
||||
- != : 不等于
|
||||
- ! : 非运算符
|
||||
|
||||
The AND & OR are treated as joining operators in MySQL.
|
||||
AND和OR在MySQL中被看作加入运算符
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. What IFNULL() statement is used for in MySQL? ###
|
||||
### 4. IFNULL()语句在MySQL中有什么作用? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: The Query in MySQL can be written precisely using **IFNULL()** statement. The IFNULL() statement test its first argument and returns if it’s not NULL, or returns its second argument, otherwise.
|
||||
**Ans**: **IFNULL**语句的使用使得MySQL中的查询更加精确。IFNULL()语句先测试它的的一个参数，若不为空就返回该参数的值，否则返回第二个参数的值
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT name, IFNULL(id,'Unknown') AS 'id' FROM taxpayer;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -92,11 +90,11 @@ The AND & OR are treated as joining operators in MySQL.
|
||||
| bill | 475-83 |
|
||||
+---------+---------+
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. You want to see only certain rows from a result set from the beginning or end of a result set. How will you do it? ###
|
||||
### 5. 如果你只想知道从一个结果集的开头或者结尾开始的特定条数的行记录改如何实现？
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: We need to use **LIMIT** clause along with ORDER BY to achieve the above described scenario.
|
||||
**Ans**: 我们可以用**LIMIT**和**ORDER BY**从句。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Show 1 Record ####
|
||||
#### 显示一行记录 ####
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM name LIMIT 1;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ The AND & OR are treated as joining operators in MySQL.
|
||||
| 1 | Fred | 1970-04-13 | black | lutefisk,fadge,pizza | 0 |
|
||||
+----+------+------------+-------+----------------------+------+
|
||||
|
||||
#### Show 5 Record ####
|
||||
#### 显示5行记录 ####
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM profile LIMIT 5;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -120,7 +118,7 @@ The AND & OR are treated as joining operators in MySQL.
|
||||
| 5 | Sean | 1963-07-04 | blue | burrito,curry | 5 |
|
||||
+----+------+------------+-------+-----------------------+------+
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
#### 显示按照ORDER BY排序后的第一条记录 ####
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM profile ORDER BY birth LIMIT 1;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -130,20 +128,20 @@ The AND & OR are treated as joining operators in MySQL.
|
||||
| 9 | Dick | 1952-08-20 | green | lutefisk,fadge | 0 |
|
||||
+----+------+------------+-------+----------------+------+
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Oracle Vs MySQL. Which one and Why? ###
|
||||
### 6. Oracle 和 MySQL该如何选择? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: Well both has its advantages and disadvantages. As a matter of time I prefer MySQL.
|
||||
**Ans**: 它们都有各自的优点和缺点。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Reason for Selection MySQL Over oracle ####
|
||||
#### 选择MySQL而不选orcale的原因 ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Mysql is FOSS.
|
||||
- MySQL is portable.
|
||||
- MYSQL supports both GUI as well as Command Prompt.
|
||||
- MySQL Administration is supported over Query Browser.
|
||||
- 开源
|
||||
- 轻便快捷
|
||||
- 有命令行和图形界面
|
||||
- 能通过查询器进行数据库的管理
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. How will you get current date in MySQL? ###
|
||||
### 7. MySQL中如何得到当前日期? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: Getting current date in MySQL is as simple as executing the below SELECT Statement.
|
||||
**Ans**: 使用CURRENT_DATE()函数
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT CURRENT_DATE();
|
||||
|
||||
@ -153,26 +151,25 @@ The AND & OR are treated as joining operators in MySQL.
|
||||
| 2014-06-17 |
|
||||
+----------------+
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. How will you export tables as an XML file in MySQL? ###
|
||||
### 8. MySQL中如何将表导出为XML文件? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: We use ‘-e‘ (export) option to export MySQL table or the whole database into an XML file. With large tables we may need to implement it manually but for small tables, applications like phpMyAdmin can do the job.
|
||||
A native command of MySQL can do it.
|
||||
**Ans**: 使用'-e'(export)参数来把MySQL表或整个数据库导出到XML文件。当处理大型表的时候或许我们需要手动导出，但是只是导出小文件的话可以直接使用想phpMyAdmin这样的工具。
|
||||
|
||||
mysql -u USER_NAME –xml -e 'SELECT * FROM table_name' > table_name.xml
|
||||
|
||||
Where USER_NAME is username of Database, table_name is the table we are exporting to XML and table_name.xml is the xml file where data is stored.
|
||||
上面的例子中USER_NAME是数据库的用户名，table_name是待导出为xml文件的表名，table_name.xml是存放数据的xml文件
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. What is MySQL_pconnect? And how it differs from MySQL_connect? ###
|
||||
### 9. MySQL_pconnect是什么? 它和MySQL_connect有什么区别? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: MySQL_pconnect() opens a connection that is persistent to the MySQL Database which simply means that the database is not opened every-time the page loads and hence we can not use MySQL_close() to close a persistent connection.
|
||||
**Ans**: MySQL_pconnect()打开一个永久的数据库连接，这意味着数据库不是在每次页面加载的时候被打开，因此我们不能使用MySQL_close()来关闭一个永久的连接
|
||||
|
||||
A brief difference between MySQL_pconnect and MySQL_connect are.
|
||||
MySQL_pconnect和MySQL_connect有一定的差别
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike MySQL_pconnect, MySQL_connect – Opens the Database every-time the page is loaded which can be closed any-time using statement MySQL_close().
|
||||
和MySQL_pconnect不同，MySQL_connect在每次页面被加载的时候打开，并且可以使用MySQL_close()语句来关闭连接
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. You need to show all the indexes defined in a table say ‘user’ of Database say ‘mysql’. How will you achieve this? ###
|
||||
### 10. 如何查看一个名为'mysql'的数据库中'user'表中的所有索引? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: The following command will show all the indexes of a table ‘user’.
|
||||
**Ans**: 可以使用下面的语句
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> show index from user;
|
||||
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
|
||||
@ -183,13 +180,13 @@ Unlike MySQL_pconnect, MySQL_connect – Opens the Database every-time the page
|
||||
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
|
||||
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. What are CSV tables? ###
|
||||
### 11. 什么是CSV表? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Ans**: CSV stands for Comma-Separated Values aka Character-Separated Values. CSV table stores data in plain text and tabular format. It typically contains one record per line.
|
||||
**Ans**: CSV是逗号分隔值的缩写，也称为字符分隔值。CSV表中存放纯文本和表格数据。
|
||||
|
||||
Each record is separated by specific delimiters (Comma, Semi-colon, …) where each record has same sequence of field. CSV tables are most widely used to store phone contacts to Import and Export and can be used to store any sort of plain text data.
|
||||
每一条记录使用具体的分隔符隔开(如逗号,分号,...)，CSV表广泛的用来存放易于导入和导出的电话联系人，能够用来存放任何数量的纯文本。
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. I’ll be here again with another Interesting article, you people will love to read. Till then stay tuned and connected to Tecmint and Don’t forget to provide us with your valuable feedback in the comment section below.
|
||||
以上就是这次要将的内容。我还会带来其他的有趣的文章，向往你们喜欢。连接到Tecmint继续关注我们，不要忘了在评论栏中留下你们的宝贵意见。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
78
translated/tech/20140709 Command Line Tuesdays--Part Four.md
Normal file
78
translated/tech/20140709 Command Line Tuesdays--Part Four.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
#命令行星期二-第四部分#
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
大家好。新的一周，新的冒险！
|
||||
|
||||
今天，我们将会学习使用四个相当简单的命令去操作文件。好，废话少说，我们开始吧。
|
||||
|
||||
在开始学习这些命令之前，我们先稍微说些题外话，讲讲“通配符”的用处。
|
||||
|
||||
###通配符###
|
||||
|
||||
使用图形工具区复制、粘贴、新建目录等操作也许很容易，但是若想完成一些更复杂的任务，例如仅仅将一个目录下的所有.html文件复制到另一个目录中、或者只复制在某个目录中不存在的文件，这时命令行也许会比较方便。我们回到通配符的学习中，通配符是shell的基本功能，它是一个由一些特殊字符组成的集合，它让你可以用一些简单的规则来选择出某些文件。（通配符可以出现在文件名中，用于指定文件名的字符个数和字母的大/小写等规则）。
|
||||
如下表（点击放大）：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
下面是mr Shotts给出的一些实例，如下表：（点击放大）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用一个包含文件名参数的命令，你就可以使用通配符。
|
||||
|
||||
###cp###
|
||||
cp是一个用于复制文件或者目录的命令，它的用法相当的简单。进入到你想复制的文件所在的目录，然后使用如下命令
|
||||
|
||||
`cp file1 file2` -复制一个文件
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
`cp file1 file2 ... directory` -从当前工作目录复制多个文件到指定的目录。
|
||||
|
||||
下表是mr Shotts给出的cp命令的一些选项：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###mv###
|
||||
mv是今天的第二个命令，我们可以使用mv来重命名一个文件或目录，或者移动一个文件或目录。我们可以这样使用mv命令。
|
||||
|
||||
`mv filename1 filename2` -若想将文件filename1重命名为filename2。
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
`mv file directory` -若想将一个文件移动到某个目录。
|
||||
|
||||
下表是一些mv命令的实例
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###rm###
|
||||
rm命令是用于删除文件或目录，它的用法比较直接，如下：
|
||||
|
||||
`rm file`
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
`rm -r driectory`
|
||||
|
||||
这里也有一个包含rm其他选项的表
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
但是，使用rm命令时要小心点。因为并没有撤销删除的选项，因此使用rm命令式要格外的小心，避免对你的系统造成不必要的破坏。
|
||||
|
||||
###mkdir###
|
||||
mkdir是用于创建目录.它是今天最简单的一个命令：
|
||||
|
||||
`mkdir directory`
|
||||
|
||||
看，目录成功创建了！
|
||||
|
||||
这是本周的内容，下周二再见，致以最真诚的问候！
|
||||
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/07/08/command-line-tuesdays-part-four/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu14.04中禁用叠加滚动条【小贴士】
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Hello 伙计们,
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个如何在Ubuntu中禁用叠加滚动条的小贴士。注意，在本文中不是删除叠加功能，相反，你将启用或禁用它。
|
||||
|
||||
### 禁用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端并执行以下命令
|
||||
|
||||
gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal
|
||||
|
||||
更改后会立即生效：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 启用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
gsettings reset com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Enock Seth Nyamador][1]
|
||||
|
||||
我穿着--[0-0]--（比基尼？）, 一个开源的瘾君子。一个发展中的非洲geek。我是一个菜鸟开发者和一个有追求的摄影师。想提供给我什么或者是小贴士，请随时与我联系。我随时准备开发和照片。干杯！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/disable-overlay-scrollbars-ubuntu-14-04-quick-tip/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/seth/
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
|
||||
如何为Linux系统中的SSH添加双重认证
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
近来很多知名企业都出现了密码泄露，业内对多重认证的呼声也越来越高。在这种多重认证的系统中，用户需要通过两种不同的认证程序：提供他们知道的信息（如 用户名/密码），再借助其他工具提供用户所不知道的信息（如 用手机生成的一次性密码）。这种组合方式常叫做双因子认证或者两阶段验证。
|
||||
为了鼓励广泛采用双因子认证的方式，Google公司发布了[Google Authenticator][1]，一款开源的，可基于开放规则（如 HMAP/基于时间）生成一次性密码的软件。这是一款跨平台软件，可运行在Linux, [Android][2], [iOS][3]。Google公司同时也支持插件式鉴别模块PAM(pluggable authentication module)，使其能和其他也适用PAM进行验证的工具（如OpenSSH）协同工作。
|
||||
在本教程中，我们将叙述集成OpenSSH和Google提供的认证器实现**如何为SSH服务设置双因子认证**。我将使用一款[Android][4]设备来生成一次性密码，本教程中需要两样兵器：(1)一台运行着OpenSSH服务的Linux终端，(2)一台安卓设备。
|
||||
### 在Linux系统中安装Google Authenticator ###
|
||||
|
||||
第一步需要在运行着OpenSSH服务的Linux主机上安装Google认证器。按照[安装指南] [5]的步骤安装Google认证器及其PAM模块。
|
||||
当Google认证器安装好后，你需要在Linux主机上创建验证密钥，并且在安卓设备上注册，注意这项配置操作是一次性的。我们将详细叙述如何完成这些操作：
|
||||
### 生成验证密钥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux主机上运行Google认证器
|
||||
$ google-authenticator
|
||||
|
||||
你将看到一个QR码，它使用图形保存了我们数字形态的密钥。一会我们要用到它在安卓设备上完成配置。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Google认证器会问一些问题，如果你不确定，就回答"Yes"。这个应急备用验证码(图中 emergency scratch codes）可以在你丢失被绑定的安卓设备的情况下恢复访问，并且设备也不再生成一次性密码。所以最好将应急备用验证码妥善保存。
|
||||
### 在安卓设备上运行Google认证器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们需要在安卓设备上安装[Google Authenticator app][6]才能完成双因子认证，到Google Play下载并安装一个。在安卓设备上运行Google认证器，找到下图所示中的配置菜单。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以选择"Scan a barcode" 或者"Enter provided key"选项。"Scan a barcode"允许你扫描QR码来完成密钥的输入，在此可能需要先安装扫描软件[Barcode Scanner app][7]。如果选择"Enter provided key"选项，你可以使用键盘输入验证密钥，如下图所示：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
无论采用上述两种选项的任何方式，一旦成功，你将看到注册成功提示和一次性密码，如下图所示：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 为SSH服务器用Google认证器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
最终我们需要修改两个文件来完成集成Google认证器和OpenSSH服务这临门一脚。
|
||||
首先，修改PAM配置文件，命令和需添加的内容如下：
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/sshd
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
auth required pam_google_authenticator.so
|
||||
|
||||
然后打开SSH配置文件，找到参数ChallengeResponseAuthentication，并启用它。
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
最后，重启SSH服务。
|
||||
在 Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service ssh restart
|
||||
|
||||
在Fedora:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart sshd
|
||||
|
||||
在CentOS 或 RHEL:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service sshd restart
|
||||
|
||||
### 验证双因子认证 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在绑定的安卓设备上运行Google认证器，获得一个一次性验证码，该验证码30秒内有效，一旦过期，将重新生成一个新的验证码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在和往常一样，使用SSH登录终端
|
||||
$ ssh user@ssh_server
|
||||
|
||||
当提示你输入验证码的时候，输入我们刚获得的验证码。验证成功后，再输入SSH的登录密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
双因子认证通过在用户密码前新增一层来有效的保护我们脆弱的用户密码。你可以使用Google认证器来保护我们其他的密码，如Google账户, WordPress.com, Dropbox.com, Outlook.com等等。是否使用这项技术，取决于我们自己，但采用双因子认证已经是行业的大趋势了。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/two-factor-authentication-ssh-login-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[nd0104](https://github.com/nd0104) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://code.google.com/p/google-authenticator/
|
||||
[2]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.authenticator2
|
||||
[3]:https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/google-authenticator/id388497605
|
||||
[4]:http://xmodulo.com/go/android_guide
|
||||
[5]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-google-authenticator-linux.html
|
||||
[6]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.authenticator2
|
||||
[7]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.zxing.client.android
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
如何在Oh-My-Zsh中启用Heroku命令tab按键补全功能
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Heroku**客户端是创建和管理Heroku应用的命令行界面工具。
|
||||
|
||||
需求:
|
||||
|
||||
- Heroku toolbelt
|
||||
- Oh-My-Zsh ([如何安装][1])
|
||||
|
||||
本文不是讲关于hereku的知识，也不是讲关于heroku的使用细节，而是仅仅展示给用户他们怎样可以使用oh-my-zsh来方便地敲写命令。此外你还应该安装[heroku toolbelt][2]来进行本文的相应的操作。对于Ubuntu和Debian发行版，你可以通过运行下面的命令来安装：
|
||||
|
||||
wget -qO- https://toolbelt.heroku.com/install-ubuntu.sh | sh
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端，用你在[这里]创建的用户登陆heroku：
|
||||
|
||||
heroku登陆
|
||||
输入您的Heroku认证。
|
||||
邮箱: enockseth@unixmen.com
|
||||
密码 (您的输入会被隐藏):
|
||||
认证成功。
|
||||
|
||||
这显示heroku正在运行。
|
||||
|
||||
使用你喜欢的文本编辑器打开**.zshrc**：
|
||||
|
||||
vim .zshrc
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
git是唯一默认启用的插件。
|
||||
|
||||
在下图显示的插件选择区添加**heroku**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
重启终端，输入**heroku**，按下tab键，到此就搞定啦：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-tab-complete-heroku-commands-oh-zsh/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-oh-zsh-ubuntu-arch-linux-fedora/
|
||||
[2]:https://toolbelt.heroku.com/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.heroku.com/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
||||
ncdu – 基于Ncurses库的磁盘使用分析器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[Ncdu][1] (NCurses Disk Usage) 是一个基于Ncurses库的du命令浏览器. 它通过众所周知的[du][2]命令，为用户提供一个快速且容易被使用的接口. 它显示磁盘使用的百分比且允许你通过ncurses库去浏览目录.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 ###
|
||||
|
||||
ncdu已经被移植到大多数linux发行版本，可从官方资源库中安装.
|
||||
|
||||
Arch / Manajaro and Derivatives:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo pacman -S ncdu
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu / Debian / Linux Minut and Derivatives:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ncdu
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora and Derivatives:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install ncdu
|
||||
|
||||
在[这里][3]检查其他的发行版本.
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 ncdu ###
|
||||
|
||||
Keys:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- up, k — Move cursor up
|
||||
- down, j – Move cursor down
|
||||
- right/enter — Open selected directory
|
||||
- left, <, h — Open parent directory
|
||||
- n — Sort by name (ascending/descending)
|
||||
- s — Sort by size (ascending/descending)
|
||||
- C – Sort by items (ascending/descending)
|
||||
- d – Delete selected file or directory
|
||||
- t — Toggle dirs before files when sorting
|
||||
- g – Show percentage and/or graph
|
||||
|
||||
为使用ncdu，请打开终端并且运行
|
||||
|
||||
ncdu
|
||||
|
||||
开始扫描目录.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当扫描完成后，你能够很容易的查看文件/目录的大小.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
确认删除文件:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在[这里][4] 阅读ncdu命令手册或运行:
|
||||
|
||||
man ncdu
|
||||
|
||||
**荣誉**: 有两位读者**BasketCase**和**Sama Vim**在阅读[Linux Basics: How To Find Size of Directory Commands][5]之后 向我们推荐Ncdu工具.
|
||||
注：上面这个链接已经做成原文
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/ncdu-ncurses-disk-usage-analyzer/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu
|
||||
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-find-size-directory-commands/
|
||||
[3]:http://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu
|
||||
[4]:http://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu/man
|
||||
[5]:http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-find-size-directory-commands/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user