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[Translated] 20141030 rsync Command to Exclude a List of Files and Directories in Linux.md

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Translating by GOLinux!
rsync Command to Exclude a List of Files and Directories in Linux
================================================================================
**rsync** is a very useful and popular linux tool being used for backup and restoring files, but also for comparing and syncing them. We already shown you in the past [how to use rsync command in linux with examples][1] and today we will add a few more useful tricks you can use rsync at.
### Exclude a list of files and directories ###
Sometimes when we do large syncs we may wish to exclude a list of files and directories from syncing, in general files that can't by synced like device files and some system files, or files that would take up unnecessary disk space like temporary or cache files.
First let's make a file called "excluded" (you can name it whatever you wish) and write each folder or file we would like to exclude on a separate line like this. For our example if you wish to do a full backup of your root partition you should exclude devices directories that get created at boot time and directories that hold temporary files, your list may look like this:
![rsync excluded](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/rsync-excluded.jpg)
Then you can run the following command to backup your system:
$ sudo rsync -aAXhv --exclude-from=excluded / /mnt/backup
![rsync exclude file](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/rsync-exclude-file.jpg)
### Exclude files from the command line ###
You can also exclude files directly from the command line, this is useful when you have a smaller number of files to exclude and you wish to include this in a script or crontab and don't want your script or cron to depend on another file to run successful.
For example if you wish to sync /var to a backup directory but you don't wish to include cache and tmp folder that usualy don't hold important content between restarts you can use the following command:
$ sudo rsync -aAXhv --exclude={"/var/cache","/var/tmp"} /var /home/adrian/var
![rsync exclude](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/rsync-exclude.jpg)
This command will be easy to use in any script or cron and will not depend on another file.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/exclude-files-rsync-examples/
作者：[Adrian Dinu][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/adriand/
[1]:http://linoxide.com/how-tos/rsync-copy/

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Linux中使用rsync——文件和目录排除列表
================================================================================
**rsync**是一个十分有用，而且十分流行的linux工具。它用于备份和恢复文件，也用于对比和同步文件。我们已经在前面的文章讲述了[Linux中rsync命令的使用实例][1]，而今天我们将增加一些更为有用的rsync使用技巧。
### 排除文件和目录列表 ###
有时候，当我们做大量同步的时候，我们可能想要从同步的文件和目录中排除一个文件和目录的列表。一般来说，像不能被同步的设备文件和某些系统文件，或者像临时文件或者缓存文件这类占据不必要磁盘空间的文件，这类文件时我们需要排除的。
首先，让我们创建一个名为“excluded”的文件（当然，你想取什么名都可以），然后将我们想要排除的文件夹或文件写入该文件，一行一个。在我们的例子中，如果你想要对根分区进行完整的备份，你应该排除一些在启动时创建的设备目录和放置临时文件的目录，列表看起来像下面这样：
![rsync excluded](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/rsync-excluded.jpg)
然后，你可以运行以下命令来备份系统：
$ sudo rsync -aAXhv --exclude-from=excluded / /mnt/backup
![rsync exclude file](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/rsync-exclude-file.jpg)
### 从命令行排除文件 ###
你也可以从命令行直接排除文件，该方法在你要排除的文件数量较少，并且在你想要将它写成脚本或加到crontab中又不想脚本或cron依赖于另外一个文件运行时十分有用。
For example if you wish to sync /var to a backup directory but you don't wish to include cache and tmp folder that usualy don't hold important content between restarts you can use the following command:
例如，如果你想要同步/var到一个备份目录，但是你不想要包含cache和tmp这些通常不会有重要内容的文件夹，你可以使用以下命令：
$ sudo rsync -aAXhv --exclude={"/var/cache","/var/tmp"} /var /home/adrian/var
![rsync exclude](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/rsync-exclude.jpg)
该命令易于在脚本或cron中使用，也不会依赖其它文件。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/exclude-files-rsync-examples/
作者：[Adrian Dinu][a]
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/adriand/
[1]:http://linoxide.com/how-tos/rsync-copy/