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translated/tech/20200420 4 Git scripts I can-t live without.md → published/20200420 4 Git scripts I can-t live without.md
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12180-1.html)
[#]: subject: (4 Git scripts I can't live without)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/4/git-extras)
[#]: author: (Vince Power https://opensource.com/users/vincepower)
@ -12,11 +12,11 @@
> Git Extras 版本库包含了 60 多个脚本，它们是 Git 基本功能的补充。以下是如何安装、使用和贡献的方法。
![Person using a laptop][1]
![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202005/03/211446dshwbzoh235b3gre.jpg)
2005 年，[Linus Torvalds][2] 创建了 [Git][3]，以取代他之前用于维护 Linux 内核的专有的分布式源码控制管理解决方案。从那时起，Git 已经成为开源和云原生开发团队的主流版本控制解决方案。
2005 年，[Linus Torvalds][2] 创建了 [Git][3]，以取代他之前用于维护 Linux 内核的分布式源码控制管理的专有解决方案。从那时起，Git 已经成为开源和云原生开发团队的主流版本控制解决方案。
但即使是像 Git 这样功能丰富的应用程序，也没有人们想要或需要的每个功能，所以人们会花大力气去创建这些功能。就 Git 而言，这个人就是 [TJ Holowaychuk][4]。他的 [Git Extras][5] 项目承载了 60 多个“附加功能”，这些功能扩展了 Git 的基本功能。
但即使是像 Git 这样功能丰富的应用程序，也没有人们想要或需要的每个功能，所以会有人花大力气去创建这些缺少的功能。就 Git 而言，这个人就是 [TJ Holowaychuk][4]。他的 [Git Extras][5] 项目承载了 60 多个“附加功能”，这些功能扩展了 Git 的基本功能。
### 使用 Git 附加功能
@ -24,9 +24,9 @@
#### git-ignore
`git ignore` 是一个方便的附加功能，它可以让你手动添加文件类型和注释到 `.git-ignore` 文件中，而不需要打开文本编辑器。它可以操作你的个人用户帐户的全局忽略文件和单独用于你正在工作的版本库的忽略文件。
`git ignore` 是一个方便的附加功能，它可以让你手动添加文件类型和注释到 `.git-ignore` 文件中，而不需要打开文本编辑器。它可以操作你的个人用户帐户的全局忽略文件和单独用于你正在工作的版本库中的忽略文件。
在没有参数的情况下执行 `git ignore` 会先列出全局忽略文件，然后是本地的忽略文件。
在不提供参数的情况下执行 `git ignore` 会先列出全局忽略文件，然后是本地的忽略文件。
```
$ git ignore
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master
* `git mr` 检出来自 GitLab 的合并请求。
* `git pr` 检出来自 GitHub 的拉取请求。
无论是哪种情况，你只需要合并请求号、拉取请求号或完整的 URL，它就会抓取远程引用，检出分支，并调整配置，这样 Git 就知道要替换哪个分支了。
无论是哪种情况，你只需要合并请求号/拉取请求号或完整的 URL，它就会抓取远程引用，检出分支，并调整配置，这样 Git 就知道要替换哪个分支了。
```
$ git mr 51
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ $ git extras --help
$ brew install git-extras
```
在 Linux 上，每个平台的原生包管理器中都有 Git Extras。有时，你需要启用一个额外的仓库，比如在 CentOS 上的 [EPEL][10]，然后运行一条命令。
在 Linux 上，每个平台原生的包管理器中都包含有 Git Extras。有时，你需要启用额外的仓库，比如在 CentOS 上的 [EPEL][10]，然后运行一条命令。
```
$ sudo yum install git-extras
@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ $ sudo yum install git-extras
### 贡献
你是否你认为 Git 中有缺少的功能，并且已经构建了一个脚本来处理它？为什么不把它作为 Git Extras 发布版的一部分，与全世界分享呢？
你是否认为 Git 中有缺少的功能，并且已经构建了一个脚本来处理它？为什么不把它作为 Git Extras 发布版的一部分，与全世界分享呢？
要做到这一点，请将该功能贡献到 Git Extras 仓库中。更多具体细节请参见仓库中的 [CONTRIBUTING.md][12] 文件，但基本的操作方法很简单。
要做到这一点，请将该功能贡献到 Git Extras 仓库中。更多具体细节请参见仓库中的 [CONTRIBUTING.md][12] 文件，但基本的操作方法很简单：
1. 创建一个处理该功能的 Bash 脚本。
2. 创建一个基本的 man 文件，让大家知道如何使用它。
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/git-extras
作者：[Vince Power][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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sources/tech/20200424 16 Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 20.04.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (qfzy1233)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (16 Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 20.04)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-20-04/)
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
16 Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 20.04
======
_**Here is a list of tweaks and things to do after installing Ubuntu 20.04, to get a smoother and better desktop Linux experience.**_
[Ubuntu 20.04 LTS brings plenty of new features][1] and visual changes. If you choose to install Ubuntu 20.04, let me show you a few recommended steps that you can follow to get started with it.
### 16 Things to do after installing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS “Focal Fossa”
![][2]
The steps I am going to mention here are my recommendation. You may ignore a few customization or tweaks if they don’t suit your need and interest.
Similarly, some steps may seem too simple but essential for someone completely new to Ubuntu.
A number of suggestions here are suited for the default Ubuntu 20.04 with GNOME desktop. So please check [which Ubuntu version][3] and [which desktop environment][4] you are using.
Let’s get started with the list of things to do after installing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS codenamed Focal Fossa.
#### 1\. Get your system ready by updating and enabling additional repos
The first thing you should do after installing Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution is to update it. Linux works on a local database of available packages. And this cache needs to be synced in order for you to be able to install any software.
It is very easy to update Ubuntu. You can run the software updater from the menu (press Windows key and search for software updater):
![Software Updater in Ubuntu 20.04][5]
You may also use the following command in the terminal to update your system:
```
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
```
Next, you should make sure that you have [universe and multiverse repositories enabled][6]. You’ll have access to a lot more software with these repositories. I also recommend reading about [Ubuntu repositories][6] to learn the basic concept behind it.
Search for Software & Updates in the menu:
![Software & Updates Settings][7]
Make sure to check the boxes in front of the repositories:
![Enable additional repositories][8]
#### 2\. Install media codecs to play MP3, MPEG4 and other media files
If you want to play media files like MP3, MPEG4, AVI etc, you’ll need to install media codecs. Ubuntu doesn’t install it by default because of copyright issues in various countries.
As an individual, you can install these media codecs easily [using the Ubuntu Restricted Extra package][9]. This will install media codecs, Adobe Flash player and [Microsoft True Type Fonts in your Ubuntu system][10].
You can install it by [clicking this link][11] (it will asked to be open in software center) or use this command:
```
sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras
```
If you encounter the EULA or the license screen, remember to use the tab key to select between the options and then hit enter to confirm your choice.
![Press tab to select OK and press enter][12]
#### 3\. Install software from the software center or the web
Now that you have set up the repositories and updated the package cache, you should start installing software that you need.
There are several ways of [installing applications in Ubuntu][13]. The easiest and the official way is to use the Software Center.
![Ubuntu Software Center][14]
If you want some recommendation about software, please refer to this extensive [list of Ubuntu applications for different purposes][15].
Some software vendors provide .deb files to easily install their application. You may get the deb files from their website. For example, to [install Google Chrome on Ubuntu][16], you can get the deb file from its website and double click on it to start the installation.
#### 4\. Enjoy gaming with Steam Proton and GameMode
[Gaming on Linux][17] has come a long way. You are not restricted to a handful of games included by default. You can [install Steam on Ubuntu][18] and enjoy a good number of games.
[Steam’s new P][19][r][19][oton project][19] enables you to play a number of Windows-only games on Linux. In addition to that, Ubuntu 20.04 comes with [Feral Interactive’s GameMode][20] installed by default.
The GameMode automatically adjust Linux system performance to give more priority to games than other background processes.
This means some games that support the GameMode (like [Rise of Tomb Raiders][21]) should have improved performance on Ubuntu.
#### 5\. Manage auto-updates (for intermediate and experts)
Recently, Ubuntu has started to automatically download and install security updates that are essential to your system. This is a security feature as a regular user, you should leave it as it is,
But if you like to do everything on your own and this auto-update is frequently leading you to [“Unable to lock the administration directory” error][22], maybe you can change the auto updates behavior.
You can opt for the Show immediately so that it notifies you of security updates as soon as they are available instead of automatically installing.
![Control the auto updates settings][23]
#### 6\. Control automatic suspend and screenlock for laptops
If you are using Ubuntu 20.04 on a laptop then you may want to pay attention to a few power and screenlock settings.
If your laptop is on battery mode, Ubuntu will suspend the system after 20 minutes of inactivity. This is done to save battery power. Personally, I don’t like it and thus I disable it.
Similarly, if you leave your system for a few minutes, it automatically locks the screen. I don’t like this behavior as well so I prefer disabling it.
![Power Settings in Ubuntu 20.04][24]
#### 7\. Enjoy dark mode
One of the [most talked about features of Ubuntu 20.04][25] is the dark mode. You can enable the dark mode by going into Settings and selecting it under Appearance section.
![Enable Dark Theme Ubuntu][26]
You may have to do some [additional tweaking to get full dark mode in Ubuntu 20.04][27].
#### 8\. Control desktop icons and launcher
If you want a minimal looking desktop, you can disable the icons on the desktop. You can also disable the launcher from the left side and the appindicators in the top panel.
All this can be controlled via the new GNOME Extensions that is already available by default.
![][28]
By the way, you can also change the position of the launcher to the bottom or to the right by going to the Settings->Appearance.
#### 9\. Use emojis (smileys) and special characters or disable it from the search
Ubuntu provides an easy way to use smiley or the emoticons. There is a dedicated application called Characters installed by default. It basically gives you [Unicode][29] of the emojis.
Not only emojis, you can use it to get the unicode for French, German, Russian and Latin characters. Clicking on the symbol gives you the opportunity to copy the unicode and when you paste this code, your chosen symbol should be typed.
![Emoji Ubuntu][30]
You’ll find these special characters and emoticons appearing in the desktop search as well. You can copy them from the search results as well.
![Emojis appear in desktop search][31]
If you don’t want to see them in search results, you should disable their access to the search feature. The next section discuss how to do that.
#### 10\. Master the desktop search
The GNOME desktop has a powerful search feature. Most people use it for searching installed applications but it is more than just that.
Press the super key (Windows key) and search for something. It will show any applications that matches that search term, followed by system settings and matching applications available in the software center.
![Desktop search][32]
Not only that, the search can also find text inside files. If you are using the calendar, it can also find your meetings and reminders. You can even do quick calculations in the search and copy its result.
![Quick Calculations Ubuntu Search][33]
You can control what can be searched and in which order by going into Settings.
![][34]
#### 11\. Use nightlight feature to reduce eye strain at night
If you use your computer or smartphone at night, you should use the night light feature to reduce eye strain. I feel that it helps a lot.
The night light feature adds a yellow tint to the screen which is less pinching than the white light.
You can enable night light in the Settings -> Displays and switching to Night Light tab. You can set the ‘yellowness’ as per your liking.
![Nightlight feature][35]
#### 12\. Got a 2K/4K screen? Use fractional scaling to get bigger icons and fonts
If you feel that the icons, fonts, folders everything looks too small on your HiDPI screen, you can take advantage of the fractional scaling.
Enabling fractional scaling gives you more options to increase the size between 100% to 200%. You can choose the scaling size that suits your preference.
![Enable fractional scaling from Settings -> Displays][36]
#### 13\. Explore GNOME Extensions to extend the usability of GNOME desktop
The GNOME desktop has tiny plugins or add-ons called Extensions. You should [learn to use GNOME extensions][37] to extend the usability of your system.
As you can see in the image below, the weather extension shows the weather information in the top panel. A tiny but useful thing. You may also take a look at some of [best GNOME extensions][38] here. Don’t install all of them, use only those that are useful to you.
![Weather Extension][39]
#### 14\. Enable ‘do not disturb’ mode and focus on work
If you want to concentrate on work, disabling desktop notifications would come handy. You can easily enable ‘do not disturb’ mode and mute all notifications.
![Enable ‘Do Not Disturb’ to get rid of desktop notifications][40]
These notifications will still be in the message tray so that you can read them later but they won’t pop up on the desktop anymore.
#### 15\. Clean your system
This is something you don’t need to do right after installing Ubuntu. But keeping it in mind will help you.
Over the time, your system will have significant amount of packages that won’t be needed anymore. You can remove them all in one go with this command:
```
sudo apt autoremove
```
There are other [ways to clean Ubuntu to free disk space][41] but this is the easiest and safest.
#### 16\. Tweak and customize the GNOME desktop to your liking
I highly recommend [installing GNOME Tweaks tool][42]. This will give you access to a few additional settings to tweak.
![Gnome Tweaks Tool][43]
For example, you can [display battery percentage][44], [fix right click in touchpad issue][45], change shell theme, change mouse pointer speed, display date and week numbers, change application window behavior etc.
There is no end to customization and I cannot probably most of them here. This is why I recommend [reading these articles][42] about [customizing GNOME desktop][46].
You can also [install new themes in Ubuntu][47] though personally, I like the default theme in this release. This is the first time that I have stuck with the default icons and theme in an Ubuntu release.
#### What do you do after installing Ubuntu?
If you are an Ubuntu beginner, I recommend [going through this collection of Ubuntu tutorials][48] to get started with it.
So these were my recommendations. What are the steps you follow after installing Ubuntu? Share your favorite things and I might update this article with your suggestions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-20-04/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
[2]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-20-04.jpg?ssl=1
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/software-updater-ubuntu-20-04.jpg?ssl=1
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-repositories/
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/software-updates-settings-ubuntu-20-04.jpg?ssl=1
[8]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/extra-repositories-ubuntu-20.jpg?ssl=1
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/install-media-codecs-ubuntu/
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/install-microsoft-fonts-ubuntu/
[11]: https://ubuntu-restricted-extras/
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/installing_ubuntu_restricted_extras.jpg?ssl=1
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/
[14]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/software-center-ubuntu-20.png?resize=800%2C509&ssl=1
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/best-ubuntu-apps/
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/install-chrome-ubuntu/
[17]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-guide/
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/install-steam-ubuntu-linux/
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/steam-play/
[20]: https://github.com/FeralInteractive/gamemode
[21]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_the_Tomb_Raider
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/could-not-get-lock-error/
[23]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/auto-updates-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C361&ssl=1
[24]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/power-settings-ubuntu-20-04.png?fit=800%2C591&ssl=1
[25]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpq8pm_xkSE
[26]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/enable-dark-theme-ubuntu.png?ssl=1
[27]: https://itsfoss.com/dark-mode-ubuntu/
[28]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/disable-dock-ubuntu-20-04.png?ssl=1
[29]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters
[30]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/emoji-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/emojis-desktop-search-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[32]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ubuntu-desktop-search-1.jpg?ssl=1
[33]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/quick-calculations-ubuntu-search.jpg?ssl=1
[34]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/search-settings-control-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C534&ssl=1
[35]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/nightlight-ubuntu-20-04.png?ssl=1
[36]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/fractional-scaling-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[37]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/
[38]: https://itsfoss.com/best-gnome-extensions/
[39]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/weather-extension-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[40]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/do-not-distrub-option-ubuntu-20-04.png?ssl=1
[41]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/
[42]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
[43]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/gnome-tweaks-tool-ubuntu-20-04.png?fit=800%2C551&ssl=1
[44]: https://itsfoss.com/display-battery-ubuntu/
[45]: https://itsfoss.com/fix-right-click-touchpad-ubuntu/
[46]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tricks-ubuntu/
[47]: https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
[48]: https://itsfoss.com/getting-started-with-ubuntu/

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@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (qfzy1233)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (16 Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 20.04)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-20-04/)
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
安装完 Ubuntu 20.04 后要做的 16 件事
======
_**以下是安装 Ubuntu 20.04 之后需要做的一些调整和事项，它将使你获得更流畅、更好的桌面 Linux 体验。**_
[Ubuntu 20.04 LTS （长期支持版）带来了许多新的特性][1] 和观感上的变化。 如果你要安装 Ubuntu 20.04 ，让我向你展示一些推荐步骤便于你的使用。
### 安装完 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS “Focal Fossa”后要做的 16 件事
![][2]
我在这里要提到的步骤仅是我的建议。如果一些定制或调整不适合你的需要和兴趣，你可以忽略它们。
同样的，有些步骤看起来很简单，但是对于一个 Ubuntu 新手来说是必要的。
这里的一些建议适用于启用 GNOME 作为默认桌面Ubuntu 20.04。所以请检查[Ubuntu版本][3]和[桌面环境][4]。
以下列表便是安装了代号为 Focal Fossa 的 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 之后要做的事。
#### 1\. 通过更新和启用额外的 repos 来准备您的系统
安装Ubuntu或任何其他Linux发行版之后，你应该做的第一件事就是更新它。Linux 的可用包数据库工作于本地。这个缓存需要同步以便你能够安装任何软件。
升级Ubuntu非常简单。你可以运行软件更新从菜单( 按 Win 键并搜索软件更新):
![Ubuntu 20.04 的软件升级中心][5]
你也可以在终端使用以下命令更新你的系统:
```
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
```
接下来，您应该确保启用了[universe和multiverse存储库][6]。使用这些存储库，你可以访问更多的软件。我还推荐阅读关于[Ubuntu软件库][6]的书籍，以了解它背后的基本概念。
搜索软件和放大器;更新菜单:
![软件及更新设置项][7]
请务必选中存储库前面的方框:
![启用额外的存储库][8]
#### 2\. 安装媒体解码器来播放MP3、MPEG4和其他格式媒体文件
如果你想播放媒体文件，如MP3, MPEG4, AVI等，你需要安装媒体解码器。由于不同国家的版权问题，Ubuntu在默认情况下不会安装它。
作为个人，你可以很容易地安装这些媒体编解码器[使用 Ubuntu 额外安装包][9]。这将安装媒体编解码器，Adobe Flash播放器和[微软 True Type 字体在您的Ubuntu系统][10]。
你可以通过[点击这个链接][11](它将要求打开软件中心)来安装它，或者使用以下命令:
```
sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras
```
如果遇到EULA或许可证界面，请记住使用tab键在选项之间进行选择，然后按enter键确认你的选择。
![按tab键选择OK并按enter键][12]
#### 3\. 从软件中心或网络上安装软件
现在已经设置了存储库并更新了包缓存，应该开始安装所需的软件了。
有几种方法可以在Ubuntu中安装应用程序。最简单和正式的方法是使用软件中心。
![Ubuntu 软件中心][14]
如果你想要一些关于软件的建议，请参考这个扩展的[不同用途的Ubuntu应用程序列表][15]。
一些软件供应商提供 .deb 文件来方便地安装他们的应用程序。你可以从他们的网站获得 deb 文件。例如，要[在 Ubuntu 上安装谷歌 Chrome ][16]，你可以从它的网站上获得 deb 文件，双击它开始安装。
#### 4\. 享受 Steam Proton 和 GameModeEnjoy 上的游戏
[ Linux 上的游戏][17] 已经有了长足的发展。你不受限于自带的少数游戏。你可以[在 Ubuntu 上安装 Steam ][18]并享受许多游戏。
[Steam 新的 Proton 项目][19]可以让你在Linux上玩许多只适用于windows的游戏。除此之外，Ubuntu 20.04还默认安装了[Feral Interactive的游戏][20]。
游戏模式会自动调整Linux系统的性能，使游戏具有比其他后台进程更高的优先级。
这意味着一些支持游戏模式的游戏(如[古墓丽影崛起][21])在 Ubuntu 上的性能应该有所提高。
#### 5\. 管理自动更新(适用于进阶和专家)
最近，Ubuntu 已经开始自动下载和安装对你的系统至关重要的安全更新。这是一个安全功能，作为一个普通用户，你应该让它保持默认，
但是，如果你喜欢自己进行配置更新，而这个自动更新经常导致你[“无法锁定管理目录”错误][22]，也许你可以改变自动更新行为。
你可以选择更新是提示，以便它通知你的安全更新是否可用，而不是自动安装。
![管理自动更新设置][23]
#### 6\. 控制电脑的自动挂起和屏幕锁定
如果你在笔记本电脑上使用Ubuntu 20.04，那么你可能需要注意一些电源和屏幕锁定设置。
如果你的笔记本电脑是电池模式，Ubuntu会在20分钟不工作后休眠系统。这样做是为了节省电池电量。就我个人而言，我不喜欢它，因此我禁用了它。
类似地，如果您离开系统几分钟，它会自动锁定屏幕。我也不喜欢这种行为，所以我宁愿禁用它。
![Ubuntu 20.04的电源设置][24]
#### 7\. 享受夜间模式
一个[谈论最多的 Ubuntu 20.04 特性][25]是夜间模式。你可以通过进入设置并在外观部分中选择它来启用夜间模式。
![开启夜间主题 Ubuntu ][26]
你可能需要做一些额外的调整来启用 Ubuntu 20.04 的深度夜间模式。
#### 8\. 控制桌面图标和启动程序
如果你想要一个最简的桌面，你可以禁用桌面上的图标。您还可以从左侧禁用启动程序，并在顶部面板中禁用软件状态栏。
所有这些都可以通过默认的新 GNOME 扩展来控制。
![][28]
顺便说一下，你也可以通过设置-外观来改变启动栏的位置到底部或者右边。
#### 9\. 使用emojis(表情)和特殊字符，或从搜索中禁用它
Ubuntu提供了一个使用 emojis 或表情符号的简单方法。在默认情况下，有一个专用的应用程序叫做 Characters。它可以给你基本表情符号的[Unicode][29]码。
不仅是表情符号，你还可以使用它来获得法语、德语、俄语和拉丁语字符的 unicode 。单击符号你可以复制 unicode ，当你粘贴这段代码时，你所选择的符号便被插入。
! [Emoji Ubuntu] [30]
你也能在桌面搜索中找到这些特殊的字符和表情符号。也可以从搜索结果中复制它们。
![Emojis 出现在桌面搜索中][31]
如果你不想在搜索结果中看到它们，你应该禁用搜索功能对它们的访问。下一节将讨论如何做到这一点。
#### 10\. 掌握桌面搜索
GNOME桌面拥有强大的搜索功能。大多数人使用它来搜索已安装的应用程序，但它不仅限于此。
按超级键(Win键)并搜索一些东西。它将显示与搜索词匹配的任何应用程序，然后是系统设置和软件中心提供的匹配应用程序。
![桌面搜索][32]
不仅如此，搜索还可以找到文件中的文本。如果你正在使用日历，它也可以找到你的会议和提醒。你甚至可以在搜索中进行快速计算并复制其结果。
![Ubuntu搜索的快速计算][33]
你可以通过进入设置来控制搜索的内容和顺序。
![][34]
#### 11\. 使用夜灯功能，减少夜间眼睛疲劳
如果你在晚上使用电脑或智能手机，你应该使用夜灯功能来减少眼睛疲劳。我觉得这很有帮助。
夜灯的特点是在屏幕上增加了一种黄色的色调，比白光少了一些挤压感。
你可以在设置->显示并切换到夜灯选项卡。你可以根据自己的喜好设置“黄色”。
![夜灯功能][35]
#### 12\.使用 2K/4K 显示器？ 使用分辨率缩放得到更大的图标和字体
如果你觉得图标、字体、文件夹在你的高分辨率屏幕上看起来都太小了，你可以利用分辨率缩放。
启用分级缩放可以让你有更多的选项来从100%增加到200%。你可以选择适合自己喜好的缩放尺寸。
![启用高分缩放从设置->显示][36]
#### 13\. 探索GNOME扩展以扩展GNOME桌面的可用性
GNOME桌面有称为扩展的小插件或附加组件。你应该[学习使用 GNOM E扩展][37]来扩展系统的可用性。
如下图所示，天气扩展顶部面板中显示了天气信息。不起眼但十分有用。您也可以在这里查看一些[最佳 GNOME 扩展][38]。不要全部安装，只使用那些对你有用的。
![天气 扩展][39]
#### 14\.启用“勿扰”模式，专注于工作
如果你想专注于工作，禁用桌面通知会很方便。你可以轻松地启用“勿扰”模式，并静音所有通知。
![启用“请勿打扰”清除桌面通知][40]
这些通知仍然会在消息栏中，以便您以后可以阅读它们，但是它们不会在桌面上弹出。
#### 15\. 清理你的系统
这是你安装Ubuntu后不需要马上做的事情。但是记住它会对你有帮助。
随着时间的推移，你的系统将有大量不再需要的包。你可以用这个命令一次性删除它们:
```
sudo apt autoremove
```
还有其他[清理 Ubuntu 以释放磁盘空间的方法][41]，但这是最简单和最安全的。
#### 16\. 根据您的喜好调整和定制 GNOME 桌面
我强烈推荐[安装 GNOME 设置工具][42]。这将让你可以通过额外的设置来进行定制。
![Gnome 设置工具][43]
比如，你可以[以百分比形式显示电池容量][44]，[修正在touchpad中右键问题][45]，改变 Shell 主题，改变鼠标指针速度，显示日期和星期数，改变应用程序窗口行为等。
定制是没有尽头的，我可能仅使用了它的一小部分功能。这就是为什么我推荐[阅读这些文章]关于[自定义GNOME桌面][46]的[42]。
你也可以[在Ubuntu中安装新主题][47]，不过就我个人而言，我喜欢这个版本的默认主题。这是我第一次在Ubuntu发行版中使用默认的图标和主题。
#### 安装 Ubuntu 之后你会做什么?
如果你是Ubuntu的初学者，我建议你[阅读这一系列Ubuntu教程][48]开始学习。
这就是我的建议。安装Ubuntu之后你要做什么?分享你最喜欢的东西，我可能根据你的建议来更新这篇文章。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-20-04/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[qfzy1233](https://github.com/qfzy1233)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
[2]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-20-04.jpg?ssl=1
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/software-updater-ubuntu-20-04.jpg?ssl=1
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-repositories/
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/software-updates-settings-ubuntu-20-04.jpg?ssl=1
[8]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/extra-repositories-ubuntu-20.jpg?ssl=1
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/install-media-codecs-ubuntu/
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/install-microsoft-fonts-ubuntu/
[11]: https://ubuntu-restricted-extras/
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/installing_ubuntu_restricted_extras.jpg?ssl=1
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-install-software-ubuntu/
[14]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/software-center-ubuntu-20.png?resize=800%2C509&ssl=1
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/best-ubuntu-apps/
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/install-chrome-ubuntu/
[17]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-guide/
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/install-steam-ubuntu-linux/
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/steam-play/
[20]: https://github.com/FeralInteractive/gamemode
[21]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_the_Tomb_Raider
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/could-not-get-lock-error/
[23]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/auto-updates-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C361&ssl=1
[24]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/power-settings-ubuntu-20-04.png?fit=800%2C591&ssl=1
[25]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpq8pm_xkSE
[26]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/enable-dark-theme-ubuntu.png?ssl=1
[27]: https://itsfoss.com/dark-mode-ubuntu/
[28]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/disable-dock-ubuntu-20-04.png?ssl=1
[29]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters
[30]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/emoji-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/emojis-desktop-search-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[32]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ubuntu-desktop-search-1.jpg?ssl=1
[33]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/quick-calculations-ubuntu-search.jpg?ssl=1
[34]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/search-settings-control-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C534&ssl=1
[35]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/nightlight-ubuntu-20-04.png?ssl=1
[36]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/fractional-scaling-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[37]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/
[38]: https://itsfoss.com/best-gnome-extensions/
[39]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/weather-extension-ubuntu.jpg?ssl=1
[40]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/do-not-distrub-option-ubuntu-20-04.png?ssl=1
[41]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/
[42]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
[43]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/gnome-tweaks-tool-ubuntu-20-04.png?fit=800%2C551&ssl=1
[44]: https://itsfoss.com/display-battery-ubuntu/
[45]: https://itsfoss.com/fix-right-click-touchpad-ubuntu/
[46]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tricks-ubuntu/
[47]: https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
[48]: https://itsfoss.com/getting-started-with-ubuntu/