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Translated 20150211 Best Known Linux Archive or Compress Tools.md
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Best Known Linux Archive / Compress Tools
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================================================================================
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Sending and receiving large files and pictures over the internet is a headache many times. Compression and decompression tools are meant to address this problem. Lets take a quick overview of a few open source tools that are available to make our jobs simpler.
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Tar
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gzip, gunzip
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bzip2, bunzip2
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7-Zip
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### Tar ###
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Tar is derived from 'Tape archiver' as this was initially used for archiving and storing files on magnetic tapes. It is a GNU software. It can compress a set of files (archives), extract them and manipulate those which already exist. It is useful for storing, backing up and transporting files. Tar can preserve file and directory structure while creating the archives. Files archived using tar have '.tar' extensions.
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Basic Usage
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#### a) Creating an archive (c / --create) ####
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tar --create --verbose --file=archive.tar file1 file2 file3
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OR
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tar cvf archive.tar file1 file2 file3
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creating an archive
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#### b) Listing an archive ( t / --list) ####
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tar --list archive.tar
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Listing the contents
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#### c) Extracting an archive (x / --extract) ####
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tar xvf archive.tar
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tar xvf archive.tar --wildcards '*.c' - extracts files with only *.c extension from the archive.
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Extracting files
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Extract only the required files
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#### d) Updating an archive ( u / --update) ####
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tar uvf archive.tar newfile.c - updates the archive by adding newfile.c if its version is newer than the existing one.
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Updating an archive
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#### e) Delete from an archive (--delete) ####
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tar--delete -f archive.tar file1.c - deletes 'file1.c' from the tar ball 'archive.tar'
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Deleting files
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Refer to [tar home page][1] for its detailed usage
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### Gzip / Gunzip ###
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Gzip stands for GNU zip. It is a compression utility that is commonly available in Linux operating system. Compressed files have an extension of '*.gz'
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**Basic Usage**
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#### a) Compressing files ####
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gzip file(s)
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Each file gets compressed individually
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Compress files
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This generally deletes the original files after compression. We can keep the original file by using the -c option.
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gzip -c file > file.gz
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Keep original files after compressing
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We can also compress a group of files into a single file
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cat file1 file2 file3 | gzip > archieve.gz
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Compressing a group of files
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#### b) Checking compression ratio ####
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Compression ratio of the compressed file(s) can be verified using the '-l' option.
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gzip -l archieve.gz
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Checking compression ratio
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#### c) Unzipping files ####
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Gunzip is used for unzipping files. Here also, original files are deleted after decompression. Use the -c option to retain original files.
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gunzip -c archieve.gz
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Unzipping files
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Using '-d' option with gzip command has the same effect of gunzip on compressed files.
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More details can be obtained from [gzip home page][2]
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### Bzip2 / Bunzip2 ###
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[Bzip2][3] is also a compression tool like gzip but can compress files to smaller sizes than that is possible with other traditional tools. But the drawback is that it is slower than gzip.
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**Basic Usage**
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#### a) File Compression ####
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Generally, no options are used for compression and the files to be compressed are passed as arguments. Each file gets compressed individually and compressed files will have the extension 'bz2'.
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bzip2 file1 file2 file3
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File Compression
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Use '-k' option to keep the original files after compression / decompression.
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Retaining original files after compression
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'-d' option is used for forced decompression.
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Delete files using -d option
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#### b) Decompression ####
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bunzip2 filename
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Decompressing files
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bunzip2 can decompress files with extensions bz2, bz, tbz2 and tbz. Files with tbz2 and tbz will end up with '.tar' extension after decompression.
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bzip2 -dc performs the function of decompressing files to the stdout
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### 7-zip ###
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[7-zip][4] is another open source file archiver. It uses 7z format which is a new compression format and provides high-compression ratio. Hence, it is considered to be better than the previously mentioned compression tools. It is available under Linux as p7zip package. The package includes three binaries – 7z, 7za and 7zr. Refer to the [p7zip wiki][5] for differences between these binaries. In this article, we will be using 7zr to explain the usage. Archived files will have '.7z' extension.
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**Basic usage**
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#### a) Creating an archive ####
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7zr a archive-name.7z file-name(s) / directory-name(s)
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Creating an archive
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#### b) Listing an archive ####
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7zr l archive-name.7z
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Listing an archive
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#### c) Extracting an archive ####
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7zr e archive-name.7z
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Extracting an archive
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#### d) Updating an archive ####
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7zr u archive-name.7z new-file
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Updating an archive
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#### e) Deleting files from an archive ####
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7zr d archive-name.7z file-to-be-deleted
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Deleting files
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Verifying file deletion
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/tools/linux-compress-decompress-tools/
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作者：[B N Poornima][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bnpoornima/
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[1]:http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/
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[2]:http://www.gzip.org/
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[3]:http://www.bzip.org/
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[4]:http://www.7-zip.org/
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[5]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/p7zip
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Linux 下最为人熟知的归档/压缩工具
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================================================================================
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很多时候，通过互联网发送或接收大文件和图片是一件令人头疼的事。压缩及解压缩工具正好可以应对这个问题。下面让我们快速浏览一些可以使得我们的工作更加轻松的开源工具。
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Tar
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gzip, gunzip
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bzip2, bunzip2
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7-Zip
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### Tar ###
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Tar 由 'Tape archiver' 衍生而来，最初被用来在磁带上归档和存储文件。Tar 是一个 GNU 软件，它可以压缩一组文件(归档)，或提取它们以及对已经存在的压缩文件进行相关操作。在存储、备份以及转移文件方面，它是很有帮助的。在创建归档文件时，Tar 可以保持原有文件和目录结构不变。通过 Tar 归档的文件的后缀名为 ‘.tar’。
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基本用法
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#### a) 创建归档 (c / --create) ####
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tar --create --verbose --file=archive.tar file1 file2 file3
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或
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tar cvf archive.tar file1 file2 file3
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创建一个归档
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#### b) 列出归档文件内容 ( t / --list) ####
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tar --list archive.tar
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列出归档中包含的文件
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#### c) 提取归档 (x / --extract) ####
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tar xvf archive.tar
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tar xvf archive.tar --wildcards '*.c' - 从归档中提取后缀名为 *.c 的文件。
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提取文件
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只提取需要的文件
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#### d) 对归档进行更新 ( u / --update) ####
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tar uvf archive.tar newfile.c - 假如归档的版本比先前存在的版本新，通过添加文件 newfile.c 来更新归档.
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更新一个归档
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#### e) 从归档中删除文件 (--delete) ####
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tar--delete -f archive.tar file1.c - 从压缩包'archive.tar' 中删除文件'file1.c'
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删除文件
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更加具体的使用方法请参考[tar 主页][1]。
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### Gzip / Gunzip ###
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Gzip 代表 GNU zip，它是一个被广泛用于 Linux 操作系统中的压缩应用，被其压缩的文件的后缀名为'*.gz' 。
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** 基本用法 **
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#### a) 压缩文件 ####
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gzip file(s)
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每个文件将被单独压缩。
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压缩文件
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通常在压缩完成后，它会将原来的文件删除。我们可以使用 `-c` 选项来保留原来的文件。
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gzip -c file > file.gz
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压缩后保留原有文件
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我们也可以将一组文件压缩到一个单独的文件中
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cat file1 file2 file3 | gzip > archieve.gz
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压缩一组文件
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#### b) 检查压缩比 ####
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被压缩文件的压缩比可以使用 ‘-l’ 选项来进行检验。
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gzip -l archieve.gz
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检查压缩率
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#### c) 解压文件 ####
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Gunzip 被用来解压文件，在这里，原有文件在被解压后同样会被删除。使用 `-c`选项来保留原始文件。
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gunzip -c archieve.gz
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解压文件
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gzip 加上'-d'选项 和 gunzip 对压缩文件有同样的效果。
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更多细节可以从 [gzip 主页][2] 得到。
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### Bzip2 / Bunzip2 ###
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同 gzip 一样，[Bzip2][3] 也是一个压缩工具，与其他传统的工具相比，它可以将文件压缩到更小，但其缺点为：运行速度比 gzip 慢。
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** 基本用法 **
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#### a) 压缩文件 ####
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一般情况下，针对压缩而言，Bzip2 没有选项可供选择，将被压缩的文件被传递为它的参数。每个文件被单独压缩，且压缩文件以 'bz2' 为后缀名。
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bzip2 file1 file2 file3
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文件压缩
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使用 '-k' 选项可以使得 在压缩或解压缩之后保留原有的文件。
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在压缩后保留原有文件。
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'-d' 选项被用来强制解压缩。
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使用 -d 选项删除文件 （！！ 注：我(FSSlc)认为 这里的图片说明有误，可以参考 manpage或bzip 的官网来校对一下。）
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#### b) 解压 ####
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bunzip2 filename
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解压文件
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bunzip2 可以解压后缀名为 bz2, bz, tbz2 和 tbz 的文件。带有 tbz2 和 tbz 的文件在压缩后，后缀名将变为'.tar' 。
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bzip2 -dc 执行解压文件到标准输出的功能。
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### 7-zip ###
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[7-zip][4] 是另一个开源压缩软件。它使用 7z 这种新的压缩格式，并支持高压缩比。因此，它被认为是比先前提及的压缩工具更好的软件。在 Linux 下，可以通过 p7zip 软件包得到，该软件包里包含 3 个二进制文件 – 7z, 7za 和 7zr，读者可以参考 [p7zip wiki][5] 来了解这三个二进制文件之间的不同。在本篇中，我们将使用 7zr 来解释 7-zip 的用法。归档文件以 '.7z' 为后缀名。
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** 基本用法 **
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#### a) 创建归档 ####
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7zr a archive-name.7z file-name(s) / directory-name(s)
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创建一个归档文件
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#### b) 列出归档包含文件 ####
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7zr l archive-name.7z
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列出归档中包含的文件
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#### c) 提取归档文件 ####
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7zr e archive-name.7z
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提取归档
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#### d) 更新归档文件 ####
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7zr u archive-name.7z new-file
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更新一个归档文件
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#### e) 从归档文件中删除文件 ####
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7zr d archive-name.7z file-to-be-deleted
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删除文件
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确认文件删除
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/tools/linux-compress-decompress-tools/
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作者：[B N Poornima][a]
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译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bnpoornima/
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[1]:http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/
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[2]:http://www.gzip.org/
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[3]:http://www.bzip.org/
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[4]:http://www.7-zip.org/
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[5]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/p7zip
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