Merge pull request #1 from LCTT/master

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+++ b/published/201601/20151127
--- a/published/201908/20190817
+++ b/published/201908/20190817
--- a/published/201909/20190831
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--- a/published/20200106
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+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (Kevin3599)
+[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
+[#]: publisher: (wxy)
+[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13321-1.html)
+[#]: subject: (Open Source Supply Chain: A Matter of Trust)
+[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/)
+[#]: author: (Swapnil Bhartiya https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/)
+
+开源供应链：一个有关信任的问题
+======
+
+[![][1]][2]
+
+共同作者：Curtis Franklin, Jr
+
+开源软件通常被认为比专有软件更安全、更有保障，因为如果用户愿意，他们可以从源代码编译软件。他们知道在他们环境中运行的代码的来源。在他们的环境中运行的代码每个部分都可以被审查，也可以追溯每段代码的开发者。
+  
+然而，用户和提供者们正在逐渐远离完全控制软件所带来的复杂性，而在转而追求软件的便捷和易用。
+ 
+VMware 副总裁兼首席开源官 Dirk Hohndel 说：“当我看到在一个有关网络安全和隐私的讲座中，演讲者运行 `docker run` 命令来安装和运行一些从互联网上下载的随机二进制文件时，我经常会大吃一惊。这两件事似乎有点相左。”
+  
+软件供应链，即将应用程序从编码、打包、分发到最终用户的过程是相当复杂的。如果其中有一环出现错误，可能会导致软件存在潜在的风险，特别是对于开源软件。一个恶意行为者可以访问后端，并在用户不知情或不受控的情况下向其插入任何可能的恶意代码。
+  
+这样的问题不单单存在于云原生领域，在现代应用开发中很常见，这包括 JavaScript、NPM、PyPI、RubyGems 等等。甚至连 Mac 上的 Homebrew 过去也是通过源代码提供，由用户自己编译。
+ 
+“如今，你只需要下载二进制文件并安装它，并期望其源代码并没有被恶意修改过。”Hohndel 说，“作为一个行业，我们需要更加关注我们的开源代码供应。这对我来说是非常重要的事，我正努力让更多的人意识到其重要性。”
+  
+然而，这不仅仅是一个二进制与源代码的关系。只运行一个二进制文件，而不必从源代码构建所有东西有着巨大的优势。当软件开发需求发生转变时候，这种运行方式允许开发人员在过程中更加灵活和响应更快。通过重用一些二进制文件，他们可以在新的开发和部署中快速地循环。
+ 
+Hohndel 说：“如果有办法向这些软件添加签名，并建立一个‘即时’验证机制，让用户知道他们可以信任此软件，那就更好了。”
+ 
+Linux 发行版解决了这个问题，因为发行版充当了看门人的角色，负责检查进入受支持的软件存储库的软件包的完整性。
+ 
+“像通过 Debian 等发行版提供的软件包都使用了密钥签名。要确保它确实是发行版中应包含的软件，需要进行大量工作。开发者们通过这种方式解决了开源供应链问题。”Hohndel 说。
+ 
+但是，即使在 Linux 发行版上，人们也希望简化事情，并以正确性和安全性换取速度。现在，诸如 AppImage、Snap 和 Flatpack 之类的项目已经采用了二进制方式，从而将开源供应链信任问题带入了 Linux 发行版。这和 Docker 容器的问题如出一辙。
+
+“理想的解决方案是为开源社区找到一种设计信任系统的方法，该系统可以确保如果二进制文件是用受信任网络中的密钥签名的，那么它就可以被信任，并允许我们可靠地返回源头并进行审核，” Hohndel 建议。
+ 
+但是，所有这些额外的步骤都会产生成本，大多数项目开发者要么不愿意，或无力承担。一些项目正在尝试寻找解决该问题的方法。例如，NPM 已开始鼓励提交软件包的用户正确认证和保护其账户安全，以提高平台的可信度。
+
+### 开源社区善于解决问题
+
+Hohndel 致力于解决开源供应链问题，并正试图让更多开发者意识到其重要性。去年，VMware 收购了 Bitnami，这为管理由 VMware 所签名的开源软件提供了一个良机。
+ 
+“我们正在与各种上游开源社区进行交流，以提高对此的认识。我们还在讨论技术解决方案，这些方案将使这些社区更容易解决潜在的开源供应链问题。” Hohndel 说。
+ 
+开源社区历来致力于确保软件质量，这其中也包括安全性和隐私性。不过，Hohndel 说：“我最担心的是，在对下一个新事物感到兴奋时，我们经常忽略了需要的基础工程原则。”
+ 
+最终，Hohndel 认为答案将来自开源社区本身。 “开源是一种工程方法论，是一种社会实验。开源就是人们之间相互信任、相互合作、跨国界和公司之间以及竞争对手之间的合作，以我们以前从未有过的方式。”他解释说。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/
+
+作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[Kevin3599](https://github.com/kevin3599)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920-1068x801.jpg (hand-1137978_1920)
+[2]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920.jpg
+[3]: https://www.swapnilbhartiya.com/open-source-leaders-dirk-hohndel-brings-open-source-to-vmware/
+[4]: https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/15/vmware-acquires-bitnami-to-deliver-packaged-applications-anywhere/
--- a/published/20201106
+++ b/published/20201106
@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (stevenzdg988)
+[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
+[#]: publisher: (wxy)
+[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13326-1.html)
+[#]: subject: (11 Linux Distributions You Can Rely on for Your Ancient 32-bit Computer)
+[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+
+14 种可以在古老的 32 位计算机上使用的 Linux 发行版
+======
+
+如果你一直关注最新的 [Linux 发行版][1]，那么你一定已经注意到，[大多数流行的 Linux 发行版][2] 已经终止了 32 位支持。Arch Linux、Ubuntu、Fedora，每一个都已经放弃了对这种较旧架构的支持。
+
+但是，如果你拥有仍然需要再利用的老式硬件，或者想将其用于某些用途，该怎么办？不用担心，你的 32 位系统还有一些选择。
+
+在本文中，我试图汇编一些最好的 Linux 发行版，这些发行版将在未来几年继续支持 32 位平台。
+
+### 仍提供 32 位支持的最佳 Linux 发行版
+
+![][3]
+
+此列表与 [我们之前的支持旧笔记本电脑的 Linux 发行版列表][4] 略有不同。即使是 64 位计算机，如果是在 2010 年之前发布的，那么也可以认为它们是旧的。这就是为什么其中列出的一些建议包括现在仅支持 64 位版本的发行版的原因。
+
+根据我的知识和认知，此处提供的信息是正确的，但是如果你发现有误，请在评论部分让我知道。
+
+在继续之前，我认为你知道 [如何检查你拥有的是否是 32 位或 64 位计算机][5]。
+
+#### 1、Debian
+
+![图片来源: mrneilypops / Deviantart][6]
+
+对于 32 位系统，[Debian][11] 是一个绝佳的选择，因为他们的最新的稳定版本仍然支持它。在撰写本文时，最新的稳定发行版 **Debian 10 “buster”** 提供了 32 位版本，并一直支持到 2024 年。
+
+如果你是 Debian 的新手，值得一提的是，你可以在 [官方 Wiki][7] 上获得有关其所有内容的可靠文档。因此，上手应该不是问题。
+
+你可以浏览 [可用的安装程序][8] 进行安装。但是，在开始之前，除了 [安装手册][10] 外，我建议你参考 [安装 Debian 之前要记住的事情][9] 列表。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 512 MB 内存
+- 10 GB 磁盘空间
+- 1 GHz 处理器（奔腾 4 或同等水平）
+
+#### 2、Slax
+
+![][12]
+
+如果你只是想快速启动设备以进行一些临时工作，[Slax][13] 是一个令人印象深刻的选择。
+
+它基于 Debian，但它通过 USB 设备或 DVD 运行旨在成为一种便携且快速的选项。你可以从他们的网站免费下载 32 位 ISO 文件，或购买预装有 Slax 的可擦写 DVD 或加密的闪存盘。
+
+当然，这并不是要取代传统的桌面操作系统。但是，是的，你确实获得了以 Debian 为基础的 32 位支持。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 内存：128MB（离线使用）/ 512MB（用于网页浏览器使用）
+- CPU: i686 或更新版本
+
+#### 3、AntiX
+
+![图片来源: Opensourcefeed][14]
+
+[AntiX][15] 是另一个令人印象深刻的基于 Debian 的发行版。AntiX 是众所周知的无 systemd 发行版，该发行版侧重于性能，是一个轻量级的系统。
+
+它完全适合于所有老式的 32 位系统。它只需要低至 256 MB 内存和 2.7 GB 存储空间。不仅易于安装，而且用户体验也是针对新手和有经验的用户的。
+
+你应该可以得到基于 Debian 的最新稳定分支的最新版本。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 内存：256 MB 的内存
+- CPU：奔腾 3 系统
+- 磁盘空间：5GB 的驱动器空间
+
+#### 4、openSUSE
+
+![][16]
+
+[openSUSE][18] 是一个独立的 Linux 发行版，也支持 32 位系统。实际上最新的常规版本（Leap）不提供 32 位镜像，但滚动发行版本（Tumbleweed）确实提供了 32 位镜像。
+
+如果你是新手，那将是完全不同的体验。但是，我建议你仔细阅读 [为什么要使用 openSUSE 的原因][17]。
+
+它主要面向开发人员和系统管理员，但也可以将其用作普通桌面用户。值得注意的是，openSUSE 不意味在老式硬件上运行，因此必须确保至少有 2 GB 内存、40+ GB 存储空间和双核处理器。
+
+最低系统要求：
+- 奔腾 4 1.6 GHz 或更高的处理器
+- 1GB 物理内存
+- 5 GB 硬盘
+
+#### 5、Emmabuntüs
+
+![][19]
+
+[Emmanbuntus][20] 是一个有趣的发行版，旨在通过 32 位支持来延长硬件的使用寿命，以减少原材料的浪费。作为一个团体，他们还参与向学校提供计算机和数字技术的工作。
+
+它提供了两个不同的版本，一个基于 Ubuntu，另一个基于 Debian。如果你需要更长久的 32 位支持，则可能要使用 Debian 版本。它可能不是最好的选择，但是它具有许多预配置的软件来简化 Linux 学习体验，并提供 32 位支持，如果你希望在此过程中支持他们的事业，那么这是一个相当不错的选择。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 512MB 内存
+- 硬盘驱动器：2GB
+- 奔腾处理器或同等配置
+
+#### 6、NixOS
+
+![Nixos KDE Edition \(图片来源: Distrowatch\)][21]
+
+[NixOS][23] 是另一个支持 32 位系统的独立 Linux 发行版。它着重于提供一个可靠的系统，其中程序包彼此隔离。
+
+这可能不是直接面向普通用户，但它是一个 KDE 支持的可用发行版，具有独特的软件包管理方式。你可以从其官方网站上了解有关其 [功能][22] 的更多信息。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 内存：768 MB
+- 8GB 磁盘空间
+- 奔腾 4 或同等水平
+
+#### 7、Gentoo Linux
+
+![][24]
+
+如果你是经验丰富的 Linux 用户，并且正在寻找 32 位 Linux 发行版，那么 [Gentoo Linux][26] 应该是一个不错的选择。
+
+如果需要，你可以使用 Gentoo Linux 的软件包管理器轻松配置、编译和安装内核。不仅限于众所周知的可配置性，你还可以在较旧的硬件上运行而不会出现任何问题。
+
+即使你不是经验丰富的用户，也想尝试一下，只需阅读 [安装说明][25]，就可以大胆尝试了。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 256MB 内存
+- 奔腾 4 或 AMD 的同类产品
+- 2.5 GB 磁盘空间
+
+#### 8、Devuan
+
+![][27]
+
+[Devuan][30] 是另一种无 systemd 的发行版。从技术上讲，它是 Debian 的一个分支，只是没有 systemd ，并鼓励 [初始化系统自由][29]。
+
+对于普通用户来说，它可能不是一个非常流行的 Linux 发行版，但是如果你想要一个无 systemd 的发行版和 32 位支持，Devuan 应该是一个不错的选择。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 内存：1GB
+- CPU：奔腾 1.0GHz
+
+#### 9、Void Linux
+
+![][31]
+
+[Void Linux][33] 是由志愿者独立开发的有趣发行版。它旨在成为一个通用的操作系统，同时提供稳定的滚动发布周期。它以 runit 作为初始化系统替代 systemd，并为你提供了多个 [桌面环境][32] 选择。
+
+它具有非常令人印象深刻的最低需求规格，只需 96 MB 的内存配以奔腾 4 或等同的芯片。试试看吧！
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 96MB 内存
+- 奔腾 4 或相当的 AMD 处理器
+
+#### 10、Q4OS
+
+![][34]
+
+[Q4OS][37] 是另一个基于 Debian 的发行版，致力于提供极简和快速的桌面用户体验。它也恰好是我们的 [最佳轻量级 Linux 发行版][4] 列表中的一个。它的 32 位版本具有 [Trinity 桌面][35]，你可以在 64 位版本上找到 KDE Plasma 支持。
+
+与 Void Linux 类似，Q4OS 可以运行在至低 128 MB 的内存和 300 MHz 的 CPU 上，需要 3 GB 的存储空间。对于任何老式硬件来说，它应该绰绰有余。因此，我想说，你绝对应该尝试一下！
+
+要了解更多信息，你还可以查看 [我们对 Q4OS 的点评][36]。
+
+Q4OS 的最低要求：
+
+- 内存：128MB（Trinity 桌面）/ 1GB（Plasma 桌面）
+- CPU：300 MHz（Trinity 桌面）/ 1 GHz（Plasma 桌面）
+- 存储空间：5GB（Trinity 桌面）/3GB（Plasma 桌面）
+
+#### 11、MX Linux
+
+![][38]
+
+如果有一个稍微不错的配置（不完全是老式的，而是旧的），对于 32 位系统，我个人推荐 [MX Linux][39]。它也恰好是适合各种类型用户的 [最佳 Linux 发行版][2] 之一。
+
+通常，MX Linux 是基于 Debian 的出色的轻量级和可定制的发行版。你可以选择 KDE、XFce 或 Fluxbox（这是他们自己为旧硬件设计的桌面环境）。你可以在他们的官方网站上找到更多关于它的信息，并尝试一下。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 1GB 内存（建议使用 2GB，以便舒适地使用）
+- 15GB 的磁盘空间（建议 20GB）
+
+
+#### 12、Linux Mint Debian Edtion
+
+![][44]
+
+[基于 Debian 的 Linux Mint][45]？为什么不可以呢？
+
+你可以得到同样的 Cinnamon 桌面体验，只是不基于 Ubuntu。它和基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux Mint 一样容易使用，一样可靠。
+
+不仅仅是基于 Debian，你还可以得到对 64 位和 32 位系统的支持。如果你不想在 32 位系统上使用一个你从未听说过的 Linux 发行版，这应该是一个不错的选择。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 1GB 内存（建议使用 2GB，以便舒适地使用）
+- 15GB 的磁盘空间（建议 20GB）
+
+#### 13、Sparky Linux
+
+![][46]
+
+[Sparky Linux][47] 是 [为初学者定制的最好的轻量级 Linux 发行版][4] 之一。它很容易定制，而且资源占用很少。
+
+它可以根据你的要求提供不同的版本，但它确实支持 32 位版本。考虑到你想为你的旧电脑买点东西，我建议你看看它的 MinimalGUI 版本，除非你真的需要像 Xfce 或 LXQt 这样成熟的桌面环境。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 内存：512 MB
+- CPU：奔腾 4，或 AMD Athlon
+- 磁盘空间：2GB（命令行版），10GB（家庭版），20GB（游戏版）
+
+#### 14、Mageia
+
+![][48]
+
+作为 [Mandriva Linux][49] 的分支，[Mageia Linux][50] 是一个由社区推动的 Linux 发行版，支持 32 位系统。
+
+通常情况下，你会注意到每年都有一个重大版本。他们的目的是贡献他们的工作，以提供一个自由的操作系统，这也是潜在的安全。对于 32 位系统来说，它可能不是一个流行的选择，但它支持很多桌面环境（如 KDE Plasma、GNOME），如果你需要，你只需要从它的软件库中安装它。
+
+你应该可以从他们的官方网站上得到下载桌面环境特定镜像的选项。
+
+最低系统要求：
+
+- 512MB 内存（推荐 2GB）
+- 最小安装需 5GB 存储空间（常规安装 20GB）
+- CPU：奔腾4，或 AMD Athlon
+
+### 荣誉提名：Funtoo & Puppy Linux
+
+[Funtoo][40] 是基于 Gentoo 的由社区开发的 Linux 发行版。它着重于为你提供 Gentoo Linux 的最佳性能以及一些额外的软件包，以使用户获得完整的体验。有趣的是，该开发实际上是由 Gentoo Linux 的创建者 Daniel Robbins 领导的。
+
+[Puppy Linux][51] 是一个很小的 Linux 发行版，除了基本的工具，几乎没有捆绑的软件应用。如果其他选择都不行，而你又想要最轻量级的发行版，Puppy Linux 可能是一个选择。
+
+当然，如果你不熟悉 Linux，这两个可能都不能提供最好的体验。但是，它们确实支持 32 位系统，并且可以在许多较旧的 Intel/AMD 芯片组上很好地工作。可以在它们的官方网站上探索更多的信息。
+
+### 总结
+
+我将列表重点放在基于 Debian 的发行版和一些独立发行版上。但是，如果你不介意长期支持条款，而只想获得一个支持 32 位的镜像，也可以尝试使用任何基于 Ubuntu 18.04 的发行版（或任何官方版本）。
+
+在撰写本文时，它们只剩下几个月的软件支持。因此，我避免将其作为主要选项提及。但是，如果你喜欢基于 Ubuntu 18.04 的发行版或其它任何版本，可以选择 [LXLE][41]、[Linux Lite][42]、[Zorin Lite 15][43] 及其他官方版本。
+
+即使大多数基于 Ubuntu 的现代桌面操作系统都放弃了对 32 位的支持。你仍然有很多选项可以选择。
+
+在 32 位系统中更喜欢哪一个？在下面的评论中让我知道你的想法。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-linux-distribution/
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-distributions/
+[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/32-bit-linux.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-64-bit-ubuntu/
+[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/debian-screenshot.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
+[7]: https://wiki.debian.org/FrontPage
+[8]: https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/debian-installer/
+[9]: https://itsfoss.com/before-installing-debian/
+[10]: https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/installmanual
+[11]: https://www.debian.org/
+[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/slax-screenshot.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
+[13]: https://www.slax.org
+[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/antiX-19-1.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
+[15]: https://antixlinux.com
+[16]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/opensuse-15-1.png?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
+[17]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-opensuse/
+[18]: https://www.opensuse.org/
+[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Emmabuntus-xfce.png?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
+[20]: https://emmabuntus.org/
+[21]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/nixos-kde.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
+[22]: https://nixos.org/features.html
+[23]: https://nixos.org/
+[24]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/gentoo-linux.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
+[25]: https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/
+[26]: https://www.gentoo.org
+[27]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/devuan-beowulf.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
+[28]: https://itsfoss.com/devuan-3-release/
+[29]: https://www.devuan.org/os/init-freedom
+[30]: https://www.devuan.org
+[31]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/void-linux.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
+[32]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-desktop-environments/
+[33]: https://voidlinux.org/
+[34]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/q4os8Debonaire.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
+[35]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Desktop_Environment
+[36]: https://itsfoss.com/q4os-linux-review/
+[37]: https://q4os.org/index.html
+[38]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mx-linux-19-2-kde.jpg?resize=800%2C452&ssl=1
+[39]: https://mxlinux.org/
+[40]: https://www.funtoo.org/Welcome
+[41]: https://www.lxle.net/
+[42]: https://www.linuxliteos.com
+[43]: https://zorinos.com/download/15/lite/32/
+[44]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/cinnamon-debian-edition.jpg?w=800&ssl=1
+[45]: https://www.linuxmint.com/download_lmde.php
+[46]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/sparky-linux.jpg?w=800&ssl=1
+[47]: https://sparkylinux.org/download/stable/
+[48]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/mageia.jpg?w=800&ssl=1
+[49]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandriva_Linux
+[50]: https://www.mageia.org/en/
+[51]: http://puppylinux.com/
--- a/published/20201204
+++ b/published/20201204
@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (stevenzdg988)
+[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
+[#]: publisher: (wxy)
+[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13329-1.html)
+[#]: subject: (9 Open Source Forum Software That You Can Deploy on Your Linux Servers)
+[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/open-source-forum-software/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+
+11 个可以部署在 Linux 服务器上的开源论坛软件
+======
+
+> 是否想要建立社区论坛或客户支持门户站点？以下是一些可以在服务器上部署的最佳开源论坛软件。
+
+就像我们的论坛一样，重要的是建立一个让志趣相投的人可以讨论，互动和寻求支持的平台。
+
+论坛为用户（或客户）提供了一个空间，让他们可以接触到在互联网上大多数情况下不容易找到的东西。
+
+如果你是一家企业，则可以聘请开发人员团队并按照自己的方式建立自己的论坛，但这会增加大量预算。
+
+幸运的是，有几个令人印象深刻的开源论坛软件，你只需要将其部署在你的服务器上就万事大吉了！在此过程中，你将节省很多钱，但仍能获得所需的东西。
+
+在这里，我列出了可以在 Linux 服务器上安装的最佳开源论坛软件列表。
+
+### 建立社区门户的最佳开源论坛软件
+
+![][2]
+
+如果你尚未建立过网站，则在部署论坛之前，可能需要看一下 [某些开源网站创建工具][3]。
+
+**注意：** 此列表没有特定的排名顺序。
+
+#### 1、Discourse（现代、流行）
+
+![][4]
+
+[Discourse][7] 是人们用来部署配置讨论平台的最流行的现代论坛软件。实际上，[It's FOSS 社区][1] 论坛使用了 Discourse 平台。
+
+它提供了我所知道的大多数基本功能，包括电子邮件通知、审核工具、样式自定义选项，Slack/WordPress 等第三方集成等等。
+
+它的自托管是完全免费的，你也可以在 [GitHub][5] 上找到该项目。如果你要减少将其部署在自托管服务器上的麻烦，可以选择 [Discourse 提供的托管服务][6]（肯定会很昂贵）。
+
+#### 2、Talkyard（受 Discourse 和 StackOverflow 启发）
+
+![][8]
+
+[Talkyard][10] 是完全免费使用的，是一个开源项目。它看起来很像 Discourse，但是如果你深入了解一下，还是有区别的。
+
+你可以在这里获得 StackOverflow 的大多数关键功能，以及在论坛平台上期望得到的所有基本功能。它可能不是一个流行的论坛解决方案，但是如果你想要类似于 Discourse 的功能以及一些有趣的功能，那么值得尝试一下。
+
+你可以在他们的 [GitHub 页面][9] 中进一步了解它。
+
+#### 3、Forem （一种独特的社区平台，正在测试中）
+
+![](https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/dev-community-forem.png?w=800&ssl=1)
+
+你可能以前没有听说过 [Forem](https://www.forem.com/)，但它支持了 [dev.to](https://dev.to/)（这是一个越来越受欢迎的开发者社区网站）。
+
+它仍然处于测试阶段，所以你或许不会选择在生产服务器上实验。但是，你可以通过在他们的官方网站上填写一个表格并与他们取得联系，让他们为你托管。
+
+尽管没有官方的功能列表来强调所有的东西，但如果我们以 [dev.to](https://dev.to/) 为例，你会得到许多基本的特性和功能，如社区列表、商店、帖子格式化等。你可以在他们的 [公告帖子](https://dev.to/devteam/for-empowering-community-2k6h) 中阅读更多关于它提供的内容，并在 [GitHub](https://github.com/forem/forem) 上探索该项目。
+
+#### 4、NodeBB（现代化、功能齐全）
+
+![][11]
+
+[NodeBB][14] 是一个基于 [Node.js][12] 的开源论坛软件。它的目标是简单、优雅和快速。首先，它面向有托管计划的组织和企业。但是，你也可以选择自己托管它。
+
+你还可以获得实时本地分析功能，以及聊天和通知支持。它还提供一个 API，可以将其与你的现有产品集成。它还支持审核工具和打击垃圾邮件的工具。
+
+你可以获得一些开箱即用的第三方集成支持，例如 WordPress、Mailchimp 等。
+
+请在他们的 [GitHub 页面][13] 或官方网站上可以进一步了解它。
+
+#### 5、Vanilla 论坛（面向企业）
+
+![][15]
+
+[Vanilla 论坛][17] 主要是一款以企业为中心的论坛软件，它的基本功能是为你的平台打造品牌，为客户提供问答，还可以对帖子进行投票。
+
+用户体验具有现代的外观，并且已被像 EA、Adobe 和其他一些大公司使用。
+
+当然，如果你想尝试基于云的 Vanilla 论坛（由专业团队管理）以及对某些高级功能的访问权，可以随时申请演示。无论哪种情况，你都可以选择社区版，该社区版可以免费使用大多数最新功能，但需要自己托管和管理。
+
+你可以在他们的官方网站和 [GitHub 页面][16] 上进一步了解它。
+
+#### 6、bbPress （来自 WordPress）
+
+![][20]
+
+[bbPress][22] 是一个可靠的论坛软件，由 WordPress 的创建者建立。旨在提供一个简单而迅速的论坛体验。
+
+用户界面看起来很老旧，但易于使用，它提供了你通常在论坛软件中需要的基本功能。审核工具很好用，易于设置。你可以使用现有的插件扩展功能，并从几个可用的主题中进行选择以调整论坛的外观。
+
+如果你只想要一个没有花哨功能的简单论坛平台，bbPress 应该是完美的。你也可以查看他们的 [GitHub 页面][21] 了解更多信息。
+
+#### 7、phpBB（经典论坛软件）
+
+![][23]
+
+如果你想要传统的论坛设计，只想要基本功能，则 [phpBB][25] 软件是一个不错的选择。当然，你可能无法获得最佳的用户体验或功能，但是作为按传统设计的论坛平台，它是实用的并且非常有效。
+
+尤其是，对于习惯使用传统方式的用户而言，这将是一种简单而有效的解决方案。
+
+不仅仅是简单，而且在一般的托管供应商那里，它的设置也是非常容易的。在任何共享主机平台上，你都能获得一键式安装功能，因此也不需要太多的技术知识来进行设置。
+
+你可以在他们的官方网站或 [GitHub 页面][24] 上找到更多有关它的信息。
+
+#### 8、Simple Machines 论坛（另一个经典）
+
+![][26]
+
+与 phpBB 类似，[Simple Machines 论坛][27] 是另一种基本（或简单）的论坛。很大程度上你可能无法自定义外观（至少不容易），但是默认外观是干净整洁的，提供了良好的用户体验。
+
+就个人而言，相比 php BB 我更喜欢它，但是你可以前往他们的 [官方网站][27] 进行进一步的探索。同样，你可以使用一键安装方法在任何共享托管服务上轻松安装 Simple Machines 论坛。
+
+#### 9、FluxBB（古典）
+
+![][28]
+
+[FluxBB][30] 是另一个简单、轻量级的开源论坛。与其他的相比，它可能维护的不是非常积极，但是如果你只想部署一个只有很少几个用户的基本论坛，则可以轻松尝试一下。
+
+你可以在他们的官方网站和 [GitHub 页面][29] 上找到更多有关它的信息。
+
+#### 10、MyBB（不太流行，但值得看看）
+
+![][31]
+
+[MyBB][33] 是一款独特的开源论坛软件，它提供多种样式，并包含你需要的基本功能。
+
+从插件支持和审核工具开始，你将获得管理大型社区所需的一切。它还支持类似于 Discourse 和同类论坛软件面向个人用户的私人消息传递。
+
+它可能不是一个流行的选项，但是它可以满足大多数用例，并且完全免费。你可以在 [GitHub][32] 上得到支持和探索这个项目。
+
+#### 11、Flarum（测试版）
+
+![][34]
+
+如果你想要更简单和独特的论坛，请看一下 [Flarum][37]。它是一款轻量级的论坛软件，旨在以移动为先，同时提供快速的体验。
+
+它支持某些第三方集成，也可以使用扩展来扩展功能。就我个人而言，它看起来很漂亮。我没有机会尝试它，你可以看一下它的 [文档][35]，可以肯定它具有论坛所需的所有必要功能的特征。
+
+值得注意的是 Flarum 是相当新的，因此仍处于测试阶段。你可能需要先将其部署在测试服务器上测试后，再应用到生产环境。请查看其 [GitHub 页面][36] 了解更多详细信息。
+
+#### 补充：Lemmy（更像是 Reddit 的替代品，但也是一个不错的选择）
+
+![](https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/lemmy-forum.png?w=800&ssl=1)
+
+一个用 [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/) 构建的 Reddit 的联盟式论坛的替代品。它的用户界面很简单，有些人可能觉得它不够直观，无法获得有吸引力的论坛体验。
+
+其联盟网络仍在构建中，但如果你想要一个类似 Reddit 的社区平台，你可以很容易地将它部署在你的 Linux 服务器上，并制定好管理规则、版主，然后就可以开始了。它支持跨版发帖（参见 Reddit），以及其他基本功能，如标签、投票、用户头像等。
+
+你可以通过其 [官方文档](https://lemmy.ml/docs/about.html) 和 [GitHub 页面](https://github.com/LemmyNet/lemmy) 探索更多信息。
+
+### 总结
+
+大多数开源论坛软件都为基本用例提供了几乎相同的功能。如果你正在寻找特定的功能，则可能需要浏览其文档。
+
+就个人而言，我推荐 Discourse。它很流行，外观现代，拥有大量的用户基础。
+
+你认为最好的开源论坛软件是什么？我是否错过了你的偏爱？在下面的评论中让我知道。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-forum-software/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://itsfoss.community/
+[2]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/open-source-forum-software.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-cms/
+[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/itsfoss-community-discourse.jpg?resize=800%2C561&ssl=1
+[5]: https://github.com/discourse/discourse
+[6]: https://discourse.org/buy
+[7]: https://www.discourse.org/
+[8]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/talkyard-forum.jpg?resize=800%2C598&ssl=1
+[9]: https://github.com/debiki/talkyard
+[10]: https://www.talkyard.io/
+[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/nodebb.jpg?resize=800%2C369&ssl=1
+[12]: https://nodejs.org/en/
+[13]: https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB
+[14]: https://nodebb.org/
+[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/vanilla-forums.png?resize=800%2C433&ssl=1
+[16]: https://github.com/Vanilla
+[17]: https://vanillaforums.com/en/
+[18]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/open-source-eCommerce.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
+[19]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-ecommerce/
+[20]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/bbpress.jpg?resize=800%2C552&ssl=1
+[21]: https://github.com/bbpress
+[22]: https://bbpress.org/
+[23]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/phpBB.png?resize=798%2C600&ssl=1
+[24]: https://github.com/phpbb/phpbb
+[25]: https://www.phpbb.com/
+[26]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/simplemachines.jpg?resize=800%2C343&ssl=1
+[27]: https://www.simplemachines.org/
+[28]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/FluxBB.jpg?resize=800%2C542&ssl=1
+[29]: https://github.com/fluxbb/fluxbb/
+[30]: https://fluxbb.org/
+[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/mybb-example.png?resize=800%2C461&ssl=1
+[32]: https://github.com/mybb/mybb
+[33]: https://mybb.com/
+[34]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/flarum-screenshot.png?resize=800%2C503&ssl=1
+[35]: https://docs.flarum.org/
+[36]: https://github.com/flarum
+[37]: https://flarum.org/
+[38]: https://highoncloud.com/
--- a/translated/tech/20210413
+++ b/translated/tech/20210413
@ -3,16 +3,18 @@
 [#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
 [#]: collector: (lujun9972)
 [#]: translator: (geekpi)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
+[#]: publisher: (wxy)
+[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13325-1.html)

 用 Sigil 在 Linux 上创建和编辑 EPUB 文件
 ======

-Sigil 是一个开源的 Linux、Windows 和 MacOS 上的 EPUB 编辑器。你可以使用 Sigil 创建一个新的 EPUB 格式的电子书，或编辑现有的 EPUB 电子书（以 .epub 扩展结尾的文件）。
+![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202104/23/184455qn6u6oozmf6gmnec.jpg)

-如果你感到好奇，EPUB 是一个标准的电子书格式，并被几个数字出版集团认可。它被许多设备和电子阅读器支持，除了 亚马逊的 Kindle。
+Sigil 是一个开源的 Linux、Windows 和 MacOS 上的 EPUB 编辑器。你可以使用 Sigil 创建一个新的 EPUB 格式的电子书，或编辑现有的 EPUB 电子书（以 `.epub` 扩展结尾的文件）。
+
+如果你感到好奇，EPUB 是一个标准的电子书格式，并被几个数字出版集团认可。它被许多设备和电子阅读器支持，除了亚马逊的 Kindle。

 ### Sigil 让你创建或编辑 EPUB 文件

@ -20,15 +22,14 @@ Sigil 是一个开源的 Linux、Windows 和 MacOS 上的 EPUB 编辑器。你

 ![][2]

-很多人在[创建或编辑电子书时非常相信 Calibre][3]。它确实是一个完整的工具，它有很多的功能并支持不仅仅是 EPUB 格式。然而，Calibre 有时可能是沉重的资源。
-
+很多人在 [创建或编辑电子书时非常相信 Calibre][3]。它确实是一个完整的工具，它有很多的功能，支持的格式不只是 EPUB 格式。然而，Calibre 有时可能需要过多的资源。

 Sigil 只专注于 EPUB 书籍，它有以下功能：

  * 支持 EPUB 2 和 EPUB 3（有一定的限制）
  * 提供代码视图预览
  * 编辑 EPUB 语法
-  * 带有多级标题的内容表生成器
+  * 带有多级标题的目录生成器
  * 编辑元数据
  * 拼写检查
  * 支持正则查找和替换
@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ Sigil 只专注于 EPUB 书籍，它有以下功能：
  * 多语言支持的接口
  * 支持 Linux、Windows 和 MacOS

-
-
-Sigil 不是你可以直接输入新书章节的 [WYSIWYG][4] 类型的编辑器。由于 EPUB 依赖于 XML，因此它专注于代码。 将其视为用于 EPUB 文件的[类似于 VS Code 的代码编辑器][5]。出于这个原因，你应该使用一些其他[开源写作工具][6]，以 epub 格式导出你的文件（如果可能的话），然后在 Sigil 中编辑它。
+Sigil 不是你可以直接输入新书章节的 [所见即所得][4] 类型的编辑器。由于 EPUB 依赖于 XML，因此它专注于代码。可以将其视为用于 EPUB 文件的 [类似于 VS Code 的代码编辑器][5]。出于这个原因，你应该使用一些其他 [开源写作工具][6]，以 epub 格式导出你的文件（如果可能的话），然后在 Sigil 中编辑它。

 ![][7]

@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ Sigil 是一款跨平台应用，支持 Windows 和 macOS 以及 Linux。它是

 ![Sigil in Ubuntu Software Center][9]

-你可能需要事先启用 universe 仓库。你也可以在 Ubuntu发行版中使用 apt 命令：
+你可能需要事先启用 universe 仓库。你也可以在 Ubuntu发行版中使用 `apt` 命令：

 ```
 sudo apt install sigil
@ -65,15 +64,15 @@ Sigil 有很多对 Python 库和模块的依赖，因此它下载和安装了大

 你的发行版提供的版本不一定是最新的。如果你想要 Sigil 的最新版本，你可以查看它的 GitHub 仓库。

-[Sigil on GitHub][11]
+- [Sigil 的 GitHub 仓库][11]

 ### 并不适合所有人，当然也不适合用于阅读 ePUB 电子书

-我不建议使用 Sigil 阅读电子书。Linux 上有[其他专门的应用来阅读 .epub 文件][12]。
+我不建议使用 Sigil 阅读电子书。Linux 上有 [其他专门的应用来阅读 .epub 文件][12]。

 如果你是一个必须处理 EPUB 书籍的作家，或者如果你在数字化旧书，并在各种格式间转换，Sigil 可能是值得一试。

-我还没有广泛使用 Sigil，所以我不提供对它的评论。我让你去探索它，并在这里与我们分享你的经验。
+我还没有大量使用 过 Sigil，所以我不提供对它的评论。我让你去探索它，并在这里与我们分享你的经验。

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/sigile-epub-editor/
 作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
 选题：[lujun9972][b]
 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)

 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

--- a/translated/tech/20210419
+++ b/translated/tech/20210419
@ -3,18 +3,20 @@
 [#]: author: (Bryant Son https://opensource.com/users/brson)
 [#]: collector: (lujun9972)
 [#]: translator: (geekpi)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
+[#]: publisher: (wxy)
+[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13323-1.html)

 用开源工具定制 Mac 终端主题的 4 个步骤
 ======
-用开源工具让你的终端窗口在 Mac 上漂亮起来。
-![4 different color terminal windows with code][1]
+
+> 用开源工具让你的终端窗口在 Mac 上漂亮起来。
+
+![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202104/22/234534t3t7ntpvdde3v892.jpg)

 你是否曾经厌倦了在你的 macOS 电脑上看到同样老式的终端窗口？如果是这样，使用开源的 Oh My Zsh 框架和 Powerlevel10k 主题为你的视图添加一些点缀。

-这个基本的逐步教程（包括最后的视频教程）将让你开始定制你的 macOS 终端。如果你是一个 Linux 用户，请查看 Seth Kenlon 的指南[为 Zsh 添加主题和插件][2]以获得深入指导。
+这个基本的逐步教程将让你开始定制你的 macOS 终端。如果你是一个 Linux 用户，请查看 Seth Kenlon 的指南 [为 Zsh 添加主题和插件][2] 以获得深入指导。

 ### 步骤 1：安装 Oh My Zsh

@ -22,57 +24,43 @@

 ![Oh My Zsh][4]

-（Bryant Son, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
-
 Oh My Zsh 是在 MIT 许可下发布的。使用以下命令安装：

-
 ```
-`$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"`
+$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
 ```

 ### 步骤 2：安装 Powerlevel10k 字体

 ![Powerlevel10k][6]

-（Bryant Son, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
-
 Powerlevel10k 是一个 MIT 许可的 Zsh 主题。在安装 Powerlevel10k 之前，你需要为你的终端安装自定义字体。

-到 [Powerlevel10 GitHub][7] 页面，在 README中 搜索 “fonts”。安装自定义字体的步骤会根据你的操作系统而有所不同。本页底部的视频解释了如何在 macOS 上安装。这只需要简单地点击-下载-安装的系列操作。
+到 [Powerlevel10 GitHub][7] 页面，在 `README` 中 搜索 “fonts”。安装自定义字体的步骤会根据你的操作系统而有所不同。这只需要简单地点击-下载-安装的系列操作。

 ![Powerlevel10k fonts][8]

-（Bryant Son, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
-
 ### 步骤 3：安装 Powerlevel10k 主题

 接下来，运行以下命令安装 Powerlevel10k：

-
 ```
-`git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k`
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
 ```

 完成后，用文本编辑器，比如 [Vim][9]，打开 `~/.zshrc` 配置文件，设置行 `ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k`，然后保存文件。

 ### 步骤 4：完成 Powerlevel10 的设置

-打开一个新的终端，你应该看到 Powerlevel10k 配置向导。如果没有，运行 `p10k configure` 来调出配置向导。如果你在步骤 2 中安装了自定义字体，那么图标和符号应该正确显示。将默认字体更改为 **MeslowLG NF**（请看下面的视频说明）。
+打开一个新的终端，你应该看到 Powerlevel10k 配置向导。如果没有，运行 `p10k configure` 来调出配置向导。如果你在步骤 2 中安装了自定义字体，那么图标和符号应该正确显示。将默认字体更改为 `MeslowLG NF`。

 ![Powerlevel10k configuration][10]

-（Bryant Son, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
-
 当你完成配置后，你应该会看到一个漂亮的终端。

 ![Oh My Zsh/Powerlevel10k theme][11]

-（Bryant Son, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5]）
-
-如果你想看交互式教程，请看这个视频。
-
-就是这些了！你应该可以享受你美丽的新终端了。请务必查看 Opensource.com 的其他文章，了解更多关于使用 shell、Linux 管理等方面的技巧和文章。
+就是这些了！你应该可以享受你美丽的新终端了。

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@ -81,7 +69,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/zsh-mac
 作者：[Bryant Son][a]
 选题：[lujun9972][b]
 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)

 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

--- a/published/20210420
+++ b/published/20210420
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+[#]: subject: (The Guided Installer in Arch is a Step in the Right Direction)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-new-guided-installer/)
+[#]: author: (Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (Kevin3599)
+[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
+[#]: publisher: (wxy)
+[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13328-1.html)
+
+Arch Linux 中的引导式安装程序是迈向正确的一步
+======
+
+> 在 Arch ISO 中加入一个可选的引导式安装程序，对新手和高级用户都有好处。
+
+![](https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/arch-linux-opinion.png?w=1200&ssl=1)
+
+20 年来，Arch Linux 为用户提供了一个完全定制、独特的系统。这些年来，它以牺牲用户友好性为代价，赢得了在定制方面独有的声誉。
+
+作为滚动发行版本，Arch Linux 不提供任何固定发行版本，而是每月更新一次。但是，如果你在最近几周下载了 Arch Linux，那么你很可能已经注意到了一个新的附加功能：archinstall。它使 Arch Linux 更加易于安装。
+
+![][3]
+
+今天，我将探讨 archinstall 的发布对未来的 Arch Linux 项目和发行版意味着什么。
+
+### Arch Linux 新的发展方向？
+
+![][4]
+
+尽管很多人对此感到惊讶，但默认情况下包含官方安装程序实际上是非常明智的举动。这意味着 Arch Linux 的发展方向发生变化，即在保留使其知名的定制性同时更加侧重用户的易用性。
+
+在该安装程序的 GitHub 页面上有这样的描述：
+
+> “引导性安装程序会给用户提供一个友好的逐步安装方式，但是关键在于这个安装程序是个选项，它是可选的，绝不会强迫用户使用其进行安装。”
+
+这意味着新的安装程序不会影响高级用户，同时也使得其可以向更广泛的受众开放，在这一改动所带来的许多优点之中，一个显著的优点即是：更广泛的用户。
+
+更多的用户意味着对项目的更多支持，不管其是通过网络捐赠或参与 Arch Linux 的开发，随着这些项目贡献的增加，不管是新用户还是有经验的用户的使用体验都会得到提升。
+
+### 这必然要发生
+
+回顾过去，我们可以看到安装介质增加了许多对新用户有所帮助的功能。这些示例包括 pacstrap（一个安装基本系统的工具）和 reflector（查找最佳 pacman 镜像的工具）。
+
+另外，多年来，用户一直在追求使用脚本安装的方法，新安装程序允许了用户使用安装脚本。它能够使用 Python 编写脚本，这使得管理员的部署更加容易，成为一个非常有吸引力的选择。
+
+### 更多可定制性（以某种方式？）
+
+尽管这看上去可能有些反直觉，但是这个安装程序实际上能够增进 Arch Linux 的可定制性。当前，Arch Linux 定制性的最大瓶颈是用户的技术水平，而这一问题能够通过 archinstall 解决。
+
+有了新的安装程序，用户不需要掌握创建完美开发环境的技巧，安装程序可以帮助用户完成这些工作，这提供了广泛的自定义选项，是普通用户难以实现的。
+
+### 总结
+
+有了这一新功能，Arch Linux 似乎正在向着“用户友好”这一软件设计哲学靠近，新安装程序为新手和高级用户提供了广泛的好处。其中包括更广泛的定制性和更大的用户社区。
+
+总而言之，这个新变动对整个 Arch Linux 社区都会产生积极的影响。
+
+你对这个 Arch Linux 安装程序怎么看？是否已经尝试过它了呢？
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-new-guided-installer/
+
+作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[Kevin3599](https://github.com/Kevin3599)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/rolling-release/
+[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-linux-easy-install/
+[3]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/arch-install-tool.png?resize=780%2C411&ssl=1
+[4]: https://i0.wp.com/github.com/archlinux/archinstall/raw/master/docs/logo.png?resize=371%2C371&ssl=1
+[5]: https://man.archlinux.org/man/pacstrap.8
+[6]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Reflector
+
--- a/sources/news/20210415
+++ b/sources/news/20210415
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+[#]: subject: (ProtonMail Users can Now Access Proton Calendar (beta) for Free)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/protoncalendar-beta-free/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+ProtonMail Users can Now Access Proton Calendar (beta) for Free
+======
+
+[ProtonMail][1] is one of the [best secure email services][2] out there. While alternatives like [Tutanota][3] already offer a calendar feature, ProtonMail did not offer it for all the users.
+
+The calendar feature (in beta) was limited to paid users. Recently, in an [announcement][4], ProtonMail has made it accessible for all users for free.
+
+It is worth noting that it is still in beta but accessible to more users.
+
+### Try Proton Calendar beta
+
+Proton Calendar is a feature integrated with ProtonMail itself. However, you get a separate mobile app if you want to use it on Android. No signs of an iOS app yet.
+
+If you are already using the **[beta.protonmail.com][5]** portal when accessing through your web browser, you can navigate your way to Proton Calendar as shown below:
+
+![][6]
+
+In either case, you can simply head to [Proton Calendar page][7] (calendar.protonmail.com) and log in to access it.
+
+They should also add the selector menu to the main ProtonMail version, but unfortunately, it is only available on the beta portal for now.
+
+As per the announcement, the features available with Proton Calendar right now are:
+
+  * Create, edit, and delete events across devices
+  * Set reminders
+  * Send and respond to event invitations (web only for now)
+  * Set up recurring events annually, monthly, weekly, daily, or on an interval of your choice
+  * Also available in dark mode
+
+
+
+You can also import events from your existing calendar if you are thinking to make a switch. Event invitations should work from both Google and Microsoft Calendars.
+
+Unlike other calendars, Proton Calendar utilizes end-to-end encryption to protect your events. So, only you know what events you have and the information regarding it.
+
+If you are curious to know the details behind how they protect your calendar data, you can refer to their [official blog post][8] about it.
+
+_Have you tried Proton Calendar yet? Is it as useful as Tutanota’s already existing calendar if you’ve tried it?_
+
+![][9]
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Gmail's Privacy Alternative ProtonMail Makes 'Undo Send' Feature Available for All Users][10]
+  * ![][11] ![ProtonMail undo send option][12]
+
+
+  * [Firefox Proton With Major Redesign Change is Coming Soon. Take a Look Before the Final Release][13]
+  * ![][11] ![][14]
+
+
+  * [ProtonVPN Adds 'NetShield' Feature to Block Malware, Scripts &amp; Ads Online][15]
+  * ![][11] ![NetShield by ProtonVPN][16]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/protoncalendar-beta-free/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/recommends/protonmail/
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/secure-private-email-services/
+[3]: https://tutanota.com/
+[4]: https://protonmail.com/blog/calendar-free-web-android/
+[5]: https://beta.protonmail.co
+[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1OScgd2lkdGg9JzI4NycgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[7]: https://calendar.protonmail.com
+[8]: https://protonmail.com/blog/protoncalendar-security-model/
+[9]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/protonmail-undo-send/
+[11]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[12]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/protonmail-undo-send.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[13]: https://news.itsfoss.com/firefox-proton-redesign/
+[14]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/firefox-proton-look-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[15]: https://news.itsfoss.com/protonvpn-netshield/
+[16]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Netshield-by-ProtonVPN.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210416
+++ b/sources/news/20210416
@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+[#]: subject: (Kate Editor Set to Become KDE’s Answer to Microsoft’s Visual Studio Code)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/kate/)
+[#]: author: (Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Kate Editor Set to Become KDE’s Answer to Microsoft’s Visual Studio Code
+======
+
+KDE has revealed some details on the upcoming 21.04 release of their Kate text editor, or KDE Advanced Text Editor. With this release comes a huge range of new features, such as a new HUD style command palette and improved search in files.
+
+To the Visual Studio Code users out there, this may seem familiar. Microsoft VS Code has had a similar style command palette for a long time, which Kate users (until now) had to leave out of their workflow.
+
+Some of the features I will be looking at in this article include:
+
+  * **Integrated Git support**
+  * HUD style command palette
+  * Quick open with fuzzy matching
+  * Improved Search In Files
+  * Improved Language Server Protocol (LSP) support
+
+
+
+### Integrated Git Support – Finally!
+
+![][1]
+
+One of the biggest features of this update is the integrated git support. Although it has been possible to load git repositories in Kate for a while now, the new integrated git support allows you to checkout and create branches, stash stuff, stage your files for commit or diff, and do the commit and push afterward, **all without touching the terminal!**
+
+This is a huge improvement over the old way of using Kate’s built-in terminal to manage your repositories.
+
+Additionally, it opens up the ability to use git on the Windows version of Kate, which still doesn’t have the ability to access a command line (most likely due to the locked-down nature of it).
+
+This is a a huge feature, and I suspect that it will be welcomed by developers everywhere.
+
+### HUD Style Command Palette
+
+![][2]
+
+One of the key components of the VS Code workflow is the Command Palette. After waiting for years, this huge feature has finally been added to Kate.
+
+The Command Palette is possibly one of the most commonly used features in VS Code, and it has been one of the few things that have kept me using the aforementioned text editor. Now with the integration into Kate, I can happily switch, without worrying about a huge disruption to my workflow.
+
+### Quick Open (With Fuzzy Matching)
+
+![][3]
+
+A longtime feature of Kate, Quick Open hasn’t been improved all that much over the past few years. Now with the new 21.04 release, it is receiving a major overhaul, with things such as Fuzzy Matching and a new UI that aims to be more consistent with the Command Palette.
+
+The new UI is the result of a move to a more consistent design throughout Kate. Although minor, this change definitely is more eye-pleasing and helps improve the layout for those with larger screens.
+
+The fuzzy matching is also a welcome improvement. The Quick Open dialog used to use a wildcard filter for its top result, with direct matches to the search term being listed beneath it. The 21.04 release uses a new fuzzy matching algorithm, providing the best results at the top, with less likely results located at the bottom.
+
+The result of this is far more reliable results, which when combined with the new UI, provides a huge improvement to the user experience.
+
+### Improved Search in Files
+
+![][3]
+
+With the new release comes yet another welcome improvement: Better search in files.
+
+The search plugin got a major overhaul with much better result representation in the proper editor font and colors. It has also been improved in terms of speed, with a very noticeable performance jump.
+
+One way they achieved this is through parallelizing the search engine, allowing it to attempt to utilize all the available cores on the CPU. No longer does Kate need to hide behind Atom/VS Code!
+
+### Improved LSP Support
+
+![][4]
+
+For those unfamiliar with the term, LSP stands for Language Server Protocol. This is what’s responsible for the detection of code errors and warnings, go to definition/declaration capabilities, and symbol outlines.
+
+If you happen to be coding in one of the supported languages, it should be enabled out of the box, enabling Kate to be used similarly to a lightweight IDE.
+
+### Wrapping Up
+
+With this [upcoming new release][5], you can expect heaps of cool new features, each providing a better experience to the end-user. After a long wait, it seems that Kate is finally catching up with other [modern code editors like VS Code][6] in terms of features, with the added benefit of better integration into KDE Plasma desktop.
+
+The new release should arrive in within the next two weeks. Keep an eye out for it.
+
+![][7]
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [KDE Plasma 5.22 To Include New Adaptive Panel Opacity and Other Exciting Improvements][8]
+  * ![][9] ![][10]
+
+
+  * [KDE Plasma 5.21 Brings in a New Application Launcher, Wayland Support, and Other Exciting Additions][11]
+  * ![][9] ![][12]
+
+
+  * [Linux Release Roundup #21.12: 7-Zip, Vivaldi Browser 3.7, Audacity 3.0 and More New Releases][13]
+  * ![][9] ![Linux Release Roundups][14]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/kate/
+
+作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzUwNycgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzUxMCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQzNScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzM3Nycgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[5]: https://kate-editor.org/post/2021/2021-03-29-kate-21.04-feature-preview/
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/best-modern-open-source-code-editors-for-linux/
+[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-22-dev/
+[9]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[10]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/kde-plasma-22-dev-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[11]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-21-release/
+[12]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/kde-plasma-5-21-feat.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[13]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-release-roundup-2021-12/
+[14]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Linux-release-roundups.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210416
+++ b/sources/news/20210416
@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+[#]: subject: (Metro Exodus is Finally Here on Steam for Linux)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/metro-exodus-steam/)
+[#]: author: (Asesh Basu https://news.itsfoss.com/author/asesh/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Metro Exodus is Finally Here on Steam for Linux
+======
+
+Metro Exodus, a long-time fan favorite, is finally here in Linux. After a long wait of over two years, Linux users can finally get their hands on the third installment of the Metro trilogy. Although a few unofficial ports of the game was available, this is an official release by 4A Games.
+
+It is a first-person shooter game with gorgeous ray tracing graphics and the story is set in Russian wilderness across vast lands. The brilliant story-line spans an entire year through spring, summer and autumn to the nuclear winter. The game is a combination of fast-paced combat and stealth with exploration and survival and is easily one of the most immersive games in Linux.
+
+### Can my PC Run it?
+
+Being a graphically intensive game means you need to have a decent hardware to get good frame rates. This game heavily depends on Ray Tracing to make the images look as good as they do.
+
+Just to run the game, you will need **Intel Core i5 4400** with **8 GB** of RAM and an **NVIDIA GTX670** or AMD Radeon R9 380, at least. The recommended specification is Intel Core i7 4770K with a GTX1070 or RX 5500XT.
+
+Here is the official list of specifications as mentioned by developers:
+
+![][1]
+
+It’s a paid game, and you need to shell out $39.99 USD to get your hands on the newest and greatest version of Metro Exodus.
+
+Check for your graphics drivers and Linux kernel version if you can’t play it due to constant crashes. Some have reported a few issues with it to start with, but not a widespread problem.
+
+### Where do I get the Game?
+
+The Linux version is available on [Steam][2] for Linux. If you already bought the game, it will appear in your Steam for Linux library automatically.
+
+[Metro Exodus (Steam)][2]
+
+If you don’t have it installed, you can follow our guide to [install Steam on Ubuntu][3] and [Fedora][4].
+
+_Do you already have Metro Exodus in your Steam library? Planning to get it? Let me know in the comments below._
+
+![][5]
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Popular Game Titles Metro Exodus and Total War: Rome Remastered Releasing for Linux in April][6]
+  * ![][7] ![][8]
+
+
+  * [Don't Miss These Epic Deals &amp; Free Games for Linux This Holiday Season][9]
+  * ![][7] ![][10]
+
+
+  * [The Progress Linux has Made in Terms of Gaming is Simply Incredible: Lutris Creator][11]
+  * ![][7] ![][12]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/metro-exodus-steam/
+
+作者：[Asesh Basu][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/asesh/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzM3Micgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[2]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/412020/Metro_Exodus/
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-steam-ubuntu-linux/
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-steam-fedora/
+[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/metro-exodus-total-war-rome-linux/
+[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[8]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/metro-total-war-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/game-deals-holiday-2020/
+[10]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Linux-Game-Deals.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[11]: https://news.itsfoss.com/lutris-creator-interview/
+[12]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lutris-interview-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210416
+++ b/sources/news/20210416
@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+[#]: subject: (Much-Anticipated Zorin OS 16 is Available for Beta Testing With A Stunning New Look)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/zorin-os-16-beta/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Much-Anticipated Zorin OS 16 is Available for Beta Testing With A Stunning New Look
+======
+
+Zorin OS 16 was one of my picks for [distributions to look out for in 2021][1]. They always do something interesting with every major upgrade, and it looks like Zorin OS 16 is going to be an exciting release to talk about.
+
+The Zorin team [announced][2] the availability of Zorin OS 16 (based on **Ubuntu 20.04 LTS**) beta along with all the new features that come with it.
+
+Here, I will mention the highlights of the new release along with a video tour (with the download link at the bottom).
+
+### Zorin OS 16 Beta: What’s New?
+
+Zorin OS always tries to make the UX cleaner and attractive while improving the performance, let us see what Zorin OS 16 is all about. Here’s a short video tour to see it in action:
+
+Now, let me highlight the key changes:
+
+#### User Interface Refresh
+
+![][3]
+
+The most exciting part of this release is the UI overhaul that gives it an impressive look.
+
+Zorin OS 15 was already a [gorgeous Linux distribution][4]. And with Zorin OS 16, they have refreshed the user interface to look nicer and cleaner.
+
+It looks like we might have a good-looking alternative to Deepin Linux after all.
+
+The animations and the theme have been polished to look cleaner. Especially, with the new default background, it blends in pretty nice. In fact, it is a dynamic wallpaper that changes based on the time of the day.
+
+Also, the lock screen now displays your wallpaper blurred.
+
+#### Flathub Included
+
+The adoption of [Flatpak][5] is increasing every day. Now, Zorin OS 16 enables the Flathub repository by default.
+
+So, you can easily find Flatpak apps right from the Software store.
+
+Of course, you also have Snap store enabled by default. Hence, the software store presents you a range of catalogs.
+
+#### Improved Welcome Tour
+
+![][6]
+
+This is quite common for every distribution to include. However, this time Zorin OS has updated the tour to guide the user through the basics along with customization options.
+
+This is definitely going to be very helpful for a newbie.
+
+#### New Touchpad Gestures
+
+Even though I stick to my desktop, for users with Laptops the new touchpad gestures should help you navigate quickly between workspaces and activity overview.
+
+#### Addition of a Sound Recorder App
+
+The new sound recorder app is a minimal and beautiful app to let you record audio/speech.
+
+Having an audio recorder out of the box is a plus, not many distributions offer it.
+
+#### Customization Improvements
+
+![][7]
+
+Zorin OS 15 was moderately customizable. With Zorin OS 16, you get enhanced customization options for the taskbar and the overall layout of the system.
+
+You can set the panel’s transparency, display it on multiple monitors, auto-hide, and more. For the appearance, you can now select an icon theme, change the app theme, fonts, and more.
+
+The options look much cleaner and easier to find.
+
+#### Windows 10X-like Desktop Layout Planned
+
+![][8]
+
+They plan to introduce a Windows 10X-like desktop layout for users with comfortable with touchpad, touchscreens, and mice. This isn’t included with the beta, but it is expected arrive before the final release.
+
+Zorin OS was already a good choice as a [Windows-like distribution][9].
+
+#### Other Improvements
+
+There are several under-the-hood tweaks that would contribute to a better user experience. Some of them include:
+
+  * A new jelly animation effect when moving windows and minimizing it
+  * Fractional scaling support for high-res displays
+  * Improved Fingerprint reader support
+  * Unread icons
+  * Refresh settings app
+  * Disabled built-in tracking and telemetry in Firefox
+  * Linux Kernel 5.8
+
+
+
+### Try Zorin OS 16 (Beta)
+
+You get the Zorin OS 16 beta ISO from the download button below. It is worth noting that it may not be wise to use it on a production system while it is meant for beta testing.
+
+As mentioned in their announcement post, other editions of Zorin OS 16 – such as Lite, Education, and Ultimate – will be available over the coming months.
+
+[Zorin OS 16 Core Beta][10]
+
+If you are curious, you may take a look at the full changelog to know more about the release.
+
+![][11]
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Linux Release Roundup #21.16: CopyQ 4.0, Zorin OS 16 Beta, Slackware 15 Beta, and More New Releases][12]
+  * ![][13] ![Linux Release Roundups][14]
+
+
+  * [7 Linux Distros to Look Forward to in 2021][1]
+  * ![][13] ![Best Linux Distributions in 2021][15]
+
+
+  * [Fedora 34 Beta Arrives With Awesome GNOME 40 (Unlike Ubuntu 21.04)][16]
+  * ![][13] ![][17]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/zorin-os-16-beta/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-distros-for-2021/
+[2]: https://blog.zorin.com/2021/04/15/introducing-zorin-os-16-test-the-beta-today/
+[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQ0MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/beautiful-linux-distributions/
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/
+[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzY0MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzU3Micgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[8]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQzOScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[9]: https://itsfoss.com/windows-like-linux-distributions/
+[10]: https://zorinos.com/download/16/core/beta
+[11]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[12]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-release-roundup-2021-16/
+[13]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[14]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Linux-release-roundups.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[15]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/best-distros-2021.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[16]: https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-34-beta-release/
+[17]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/fedora-34-beta-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210419
+++ b/sources/news/20210419
@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+[#]: subject: (Ubuntu 21.04 is Releasing This Week! Take a Look at the New Features)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-features/)
+[#]: author: (Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Ubuntu 21.04 is Releasing This Week! Take a Look at the New Features
+======
+
+Ubuntu 21.04 is releasing this week on April 22. Some of you might already have [upgraded to Ubuntu 21.04 beta][1] to enjoy the latest and greatest (?) version of Ubuntu.
+
+For the rest, who are curious about what’s new in Ubuntu 21.04, I have curated a list here.
+
+### What’s new in Ubuntu 21.04 ‘Hiruste Hippo’?
+
+First of all, this is an interim release. Don’t expect groundbreaking changes here specially when you compare it to Ubuntu 20.10. There are subtle visual changes here and there, a bit of performance improvements, newer versions of popular software and libraries in the official repository along with the addition of a couple of new features.
+
+![][2]
+
+#### 1\. Wayland becomes the default display server
+
+After the failed experiment with Ubuntu 17.10, Canonical is once again going with Wayland as the default display server in Ubuntu 21.04.
+
+Wayland has been available as an alternate option for past several releases. It is just becoming the default in this release.
+
+What does it mean to you? Wayland has a tad bit better performance specially when it comes to [multiple monitors and HiDPI screen handling][3].
+
+However, you’ll find that several applications do not work very well or do not work at all in Wayland. This is painful for screen capture and recording applications.
+
+The good thing is that [switching back to Xorg from Wayland][4] is a matter of a few clicks. You just have to figure out if you cannot function well without Xorg server.
+
+#### 2\. Darker dark theme
+
+Yaru dark theme in Ubuntu 21.04 has a bit darker shade than the one in Ubuntu 20.10. This actually gives a nice look to the operating system, in my opinion.
+
+You can move the slider to see the visual difference between the dark shade of the two versions.
+
+#### 3\. Dark shell theme by default
+
+Ubuntu 20.10 the standard Yaru theme by default and you had to opt for the dark mode. That remains as it is in 21.04 as well except the shell theme has been switched to Yaru Dark by default.
+
+This means that even though your system will have the light theme by default, the notifications, message tray and the system tray will use dark theme.
+
+![][2]
+
+#### 4\. Power mode option for laptops
+
+This is a minor change in the power settings. If you are using a laptop, you can now choose a power mode from the settings.
+
+![][5]
+
+You have the following options available:
+
+  * Performance: Takes a lot of batter power but gives high performance (keeps bluetooth active, screen brightness high and more)
+  * Balanced power: Standard performance with decent batter usage
+  * Power saver: The focus is on saving battery power
+
+
+
+#### 5\. A hybrid mix of GNOME 3.38 and some GNOME 40 applications
+
+The much anticipated [GNOME 40 with the unorthodox horizontal layout is not available in Ubuntu 21.04][6]. Ubuntu team was not ready for the GTK 4 and the layout change. They are working to bring it to Ubuntu 21.10 in October this year.
+
+While some core components like Nautilus file manager remain at 3.38, some other GNOME apps like Epiphany browser, Disk Utility etc have the latest versions.
+
+#### 6\. Private home directories
+
+So far, the home directories had the permission of 755. Fresh installation of Ubuntu 21.04 will have this changed to 750 and thus making the [home directories private][7].
+
+![][8]
+
+#### 7\. Recovery key option for encrypted installs
+
+While installing Ubuntu, if you opt for disk encryption, you can now also set a recovery key option directly in the installer.
+
+![Image Credit: OMG Ubuntu][9]
+
+#### 8\. Minor visual changes
+
+By no means these are groundbreaking changes. It’s just something I noticed in Ubuntu 21.04 so far.
+
+You’ll notice that the items on the right click context menu has been divided by more contrast colored lines. I believe this is for accessibility reasons.
+
+![][10]
+
+I also noticed that the mounted drives are displayed in the top-right corner of the desktop. If I recall correctly, it used to be under the Home and Trash icons in the previous versions.
+
+![][11]
+
+The default Yaru icons have been refreshed for a number of software. You can clearly notice it for the LibreOffice icons.
+
+![][12]
+
+#### 9\. Under the hood changes
+
+Some other changes you should be aware:
+
+  * Support for [Smart Card][13] authentication via PAM
+  * Drag and Drop interaction support with software in the desktop view
+  * Pipewire support enabled to handle audio in sandboxed applications and screen recording
+  * nftables replaces iptables
+
+
+
+There are newer versions of software:
+
+  * Linux kernel 5.11
+  * Python 3.9
+  * gEdit 3.38.1
+  * LibreOffice 7.1.2
+  * Firefox 87
+
+
+
+By now you might have realized that there are not many changes in this new release of Ubuntu. There is support for newer hardware and improvements for HiDPI and fingerprint reader but that’s not for everyone. It includes the latest Linux kernel 5.11 if that’s any consolation.
+
+If you are using Ubuntu 20.10, you should upgrade to Ubuntu 21.04 anyway because 20.10 reaches end of life in July.
+
+What’s your overall feeling about Ubuntu 21.04? Were you expecting more new features? What are you missing the most here?
+
+![][14]
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [No GNOME 40 for Ubuntu 21.04 [And That's a Good Thing]][15]
+  * ![][16] ![No GNOME 40 in Ubuntu 21.04][17]
+
+
+  * [With 21.04, Ubuntu is Switching to Wayland by Default Again][18]
+  * ![][16] ![Ubuntu 21.04 to use Wayland by default][19]
+
+
+  * [Ubuntu 21.04 Beta is Now Available to Download][20]
+  * ![][16] ![][21]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-features/
+
+作者：[Abhishek][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-beta/
+[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQzOScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-multi-monitor-support/
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/switch-xorg-wayland/
+[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQxMScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-40-release/
+[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/private-home-directory-ubuntu-21-04/
+[8]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI2MScgd2lkdGg9Jzc3MScgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[9]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQ3OScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[10]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQ2OCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[11]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQxOScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[12]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzE2Nycgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[13]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_card
+[14]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[15]: https://news.itsfoss.com/no-gnome-40-in-ubuntu-21-04/
+[16]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[17]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/gnome-40-ubuntu-21-04.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[18]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-wayland/
+[19]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/wayland-by-default-in-ubuntu-21-04.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[20]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-beta-release/
+[21]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ubuntu-21-04-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210422
+++ b/sources/news/20210422
@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+[#]: subject: (Confusion Erupts Around Misleading News Surrounding Youtube-dl Takedown)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/youtube-dl-repo-fork/)
+[#]: author: (Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Confusion Erupts Around Misleading News Surrounding Youtube-dl Takedown
+======
+
+In November 2020, [GitHub took down the Youtube-dl repository][1] after a complaint from the [RIAA][2]. This action caused a huge backlash within the open-source community, with many developers boycotting GitHub altogether.
+
+The RIAA claimed that [Youtube-dl][3] was using copyright-protection avoidance technologies, which resulted in immense criticism from multiple open-source organizations. In a surprise move, GitHub reinstated the repository several weeks later.
+
+![][4]
+
+To complement this reinstatement, they created a 1 million dollar takedown defense fund, designed to prevent situations like this in the future.
+
+### False News Surrounding Youtube-dl’s Forks
+
+![][5]
+
+Among the confusion caused by this takedown, some recent reports have surfaced claiming that forks of the Youtube-dl repository are still disabled. **This is not true**. If we look at the [list of forks,][6] we can see a huge list of repositories, with each one working as normal.
+
+Multiple sources reference [this repository][7], which has been taken down and has still not been reinstated by GitHub. However, it is not actually forked from the [official Youtube-dl repository][8]. Instead, this repository is based on an unofficial version of Youtube-dl and is not actually a Youtube-dl fork.
+
+This isn’t to say that GitHub is without blame, as they have still ignored this developer’s counternotice. However, this warrants nowhere near the amount of criticism GitHub has received because of this.
+
+### GitHub Working on Preventing a Situation Like This In The Future
+
+GitHub reinstated the Youtube-dl repository back then (and its forks), many were pleased to hear that they had also started work on preventing a situation like this in the future. Some of these initiatives include:
+
+  * A 1,000,000 USD fund aimed to help developers fight DMCA notices
+  * Giving the option to developers to dispute the notice
+  * Requiring additional proof for part 1201 takedown notices
+
+
+
+#### New Fund to Fight DMCA Notices
+
+As a result of the community backlash GitHub received, they have invested one million USD into a fund designed to help developers fight unfair DMCA notices. According to the official [GitHub post:][9]
+
+> Developers who want to push back against unwarranted takedowns may face the risk of taking on personal liability and legal defense costs. To help them, GitHub will establish and donate $1M to a developer defense fund to help protect open source developers on GitHub from unwarranted DMCA Section 1201 takedown claims.
+
+GitHub
+
+Although providing legal support for open-source developers is not a new idea, GitHub providing this support directly is worth appreciating.
+
+If you are interested in other ways to get support with legal disputes over open-source software, you may want to look at the [SFLC][10] and [EFF][11]. If possible, it would also be great if you could support them whether that’s through donations of time or money.
+
+#### New Way For Developers To Dispute DMCA Notices
+
+Another way GitHub is working to improve its relationship with developers is through a new way to dispute takedown notices. This will improve the transparency between developers and the notice issuers, reducing the likelihood of another situation like this.
+
+> Every single credible 1201 takedown claim will be reviewed by technical experts, including (when appropriate) independent specialists retained by GitHub, to ensure that the project actually circumvents a technical protection measure as described in the claim.
+>
+> The claim will also be carefully scrutinized by legal experts to ensure that unwarranted claims or claims that extend beyond the boundaries of the DMCA are rejected.
+>
+> In the case where the claim is ambiguous, we will err on the side of the developer, and leave up the repository unless there is clear evidence of illegal circumvention.
+
+Yet again, it seems that GitHub is putting in a lot of effort to improve its policies on DMCA takedown notices. These improvements will definitely help with the number of false claims that are currently being accepted.
+
+#### More Proof Required for Future Part 1201 Notices
+
+For those without a background in law, Part 1201 DMCA Takedown Notices are a special kind of takedown notice used in cases where the offending party is using code designed to circumvent technical measures to protect copyrighted content. According to GitHub:
+
+> Section 1201 dates back to the late 1990s and did not anticipate the various implications it has for software use today. As a result, Section 1201 makes it illegal to use or distribute technology (including source code) that bypasses technical measures that control access or copying of copyrighted works, even if that technology can be used in a way that would not be copyright infringement.
+
+GitHub has now changed its policies so that anyone issuing a part 1201 notice must include additional evidence. This is beneficial to all involved parties as it means that most of the illegitimate claims will be void anyway.
+
+### Wrapping Up
+
+With the huge mess, this situation has created, I believe GitHub handled this as well as they reasonably could have. Additionally, it brought to light many legal issues surrounding part 1201 notices, which are being remedied right now.
+
+Overall, the outcome of this has actually been positive, with a huge step in the right direction in developer rights. Amidst the rumors and fake news that has been circling lately, I think it is important to recognize the changes that have been made, and what they mean for the future of open-source software.
+
+_What are your thoughts on the removal of Youtube-dl and then reinstating it? Let me know in the comments below!_
+
+#### Big Tech Websites Get Millions in Revenue, It's FOSS Got You!
+
+If you like what we do here at It's FOSS, please consider making a donation to support our independent publication. Your support will help us keep publishing content focusing on desktop Linux and open source software.
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [PHP Repository Moves to GitHub After its Git Server Was Hacked][12]
+  * ![][13] ![][14]
+
+
+  * [10 Biggest Linux Stories of the Year 2020 [That Made the Biggest Impact]][15]
+  * ![][13] ![Biggest Linux Stories][16]
+
+
+  * [After Rocky Linux, We Have Another RHEL Fork in Works to Replace CentOS][17]
+  * ![][13] ![CloudLinux][18]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/youtube-dl-repo-fork/
+
+作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/youtube-dl-github-takedown/
+[2]: https://www.riaa.com/
+[3]: https://youtube-dl.org/
+[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQzOCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzM3NScgd2lkdGg9Jzc0MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[6]: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/network/members
+[7]: https://github.com/spookyahell/youtube-dl
+[8]: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl
+[9]: https://github.blog/2020-11-16-standing-up-for-developers-youtube-dl-is-back/
+[10]: https://softwarefreedom.org/donate/
+[11]: https://www.eff.org/
+[12]: https://news.itsfoss.com/php-repository-github/
+[13]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[14]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/php-github-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[15]: https://news.itsfoss.com/biggest-linux-stories-2020/
+[16]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/biggest-linux-stories-2020.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[17]: https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-fork-by-cloudlinux/
+[18]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Untitled-design-2.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210422
+++ b/sources/news/20210422
@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+[#]: subject: (Hurrah! Ubuntu 21.04 is Now Available to Download)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-release/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Hurrah! Ubuntu 21.04 is Now Available to Download
+======
+
+It is time to make way for Ubuntu’s latest stable release 21.04 Hiruste Hippo.
+
+While we already know a great deal about the [features introduced with Ubuntu 21.04][1], it has been [officially announced][2].
+
+Yes, there’s no GNOME 40, which is a bummer. But, here, let me briefly mention the key highlights of the release and how to get the latest ISO.
+
+### Ubuntu 21.04: Key Highlights
+
+Considering this as an interim release, there are no ground-breaking changes but still a few things to get excited about.
+
+#### Wayland Is The Default Display Server
+
+This could be one of the most significant changes that you may want to keep an eye on.
+
+Many applications fail to work with Wayland, but we’re slowly getting Wayland support on new application releases considering its performance and security benefits.
+
+So, this is probably a bold step to move away from Xorg.
+
+#### UI Enhancements
+
+![][3]
+
+Ranging from subtle improvements to the Dark Theme to the adoption of dark theme by default, you will be greeted with some UI enhancements for a good user experience.
+
+Also, [Google’s Flutter apps are coming to Ubuntu 21.04][4]. You will find them through the snap store, and it should potentially enable Linux desktop to have high quality cross-platform with improved user experience overall.
+
+In addition to that, you might observe a few things here and there that could look a bit different.
+
+#### GNOME 40 Applications &amp; GNOME 3.38
+
+Even though it does not come baked in with [GNOME 40][5], you will find the default applications updated to GNOME 40.
+
+So, the GNOME 40 apps have been made compatible with GNOME 3.38 for this release. The next release should make the transition to GNOME 40 without any hiccups.
+
+#### Private Home Directories
+
+![][6]
+
+The home directory was readable/writable by root and other users. However, with [Ubuntu 21.04, they are making it private][7].
+
+#### Other Improvements
+
+There are plenty of other improvements that include under-the-hood changes for new hardware support, enhanced laptop support, and more.
+
+Of course, the packages have been updated to the latest as well along with the inclusion of [Linux Kernel 5.11][8].
+
+### Things to Know Before You Upgrade
+
+If you are using Ubuntu 20.10, you can easily upgrade to Ubuntu 21.04 through the **Updates** section.
+
+In either case, if you are on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, I would not recommend upgrading to Ubuntu 21.04 yet unless you want the latest and greatest at the expense of stability and potential issues.
+
+### Download Ubuntu 21.04 Now
+
+You can get the latest release from the official website, both torrent and a direct ISO file download should be available as options.
+
+At the time of publishing this, the official website still did not include a link to the latest images but it should be updated soon enough.
+
+[Ubuntu 21.04 Download][9]
+
+If you need a choice of desktop environment, you will have to wait for the official flavors of Ubuntu to release an upgrade, that will take a while.
+
+_What do you think about Ubuntu 21.04 release? Feel free to let me know your thoughts in the comments!_
+
+#### Big Tech Websites Get Millions in Revenue, It's FOSS Got You!
+
+If you like what we do here at It's FOSS, please consider making a donation to support our independent publication. Your support will help us keep publishing content focusing on desktop Linux and open source software.
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Ubuntu 21.04 is Releasing This Week! Take a Look at the New Features][1]
+  * ![][10] ![Ubuntu 21.04 New Features][11]
+
+
+  * [Ubuntu 21.04 Beta is Now Available to Download][12]
+  * ![][10] ![][13]
+
+
+  * [Ubuntu 21.04 To Offer GNOME 40 Apps with GNOME 3.38 Desktop][14]
+  * ![][10] ![][15]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-release/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-features/
+[2]: https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-21-04-is-here
+[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQzOScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/google-flutter-apps-linux/
+[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-40-release/
+[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI2MScgd2lkdGg9Jzc3MScgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/private-home-directory-ubuntu-21-04/
+[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-11-release/
+[9]: https://ubuntu.com/download
+[10]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[11]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ubuntu_21_04_features.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[12]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-beta-release/
+[13]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ubuntu-21-04-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[14]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-gnome-40-apps/
+[15]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ubuntu-21-04-gnome-40-feat.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210422
+++ b/sources/news/20210422
@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+[#]: subject: (Running Linux Apps In Windows Is Now A Reality)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-gui-apps-wsl/)
+[#]: author: (Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Running Linux Apps In Windows Is Now A Reality
+======
+
+When Microsoft released [Windows Subsystem for Linux][1] (WSL) in 2016, the hype was unreal. People were dreaming of running their Windows and Linux apps side-by-side, without having to reboot. But alas, WSL could only run terminal applications.
+
+Last year, Microsoft set out again to try to revolutionize the Windows app ecosystem. This time, they replaced the old emulated kernel with a real Linux kernel. This change allowed you to run [Linux apps in Windows][2].
+
+### Initial Preview of GUI Apps for WSL
+
+![][3]
+
+Technically, you did get the initial support for Linux GUI apps on WSL, but only when using a 3rd-party X server. These were often buggy, slow, hard to set up, and posed a privacy concern.
+
+The result of this was a small group of Linux enthusiasts (that happened to run Windows) that had the skills and knowledge to set up an X server. These people were then horribly disappointed at the fact there was no hardware acceleration at all.
+
+So, it was wise to stick to command line utilities on WSL.
+
+**But this all changes now.** Now that Microsoft is [officially supporting][4] GUI Linux apps, we will be receiving hardware acceleration, alongside a huge range of other improvements in WSL.
+
+### Linux GUI Apps For The Masses: WSLg
+
+![Image Credit: Microsoft Devblogs][5]
+
+With the new official support from Microsoft in WSL, there is a huge range of available improvements. These include:
+
+  * GPU hardware acceleration
+  * Audio and microphone support out of the box
+  * Automatic starting of the X and PulseAudio servers
+
+
+
+And, they’ve given this feature a nickname “**WSLg**“.
+
+These features will make running Linux apps on WSL almost as easy as running native apps, with a minimal performance impact.
+
+So, you can try running your [favorite IDE][6], Linux-specific testing use-cases, and a variety of other applications like [CAD software][7].
+
+#### GPU Hardware Acceleration In Linux Apps
+
+![Image Credit: Microsoft Devblogs][8]
+
+One of the biggest issues with running GUI Linux apps on Windows previously was that they couldn’t use hardware acceleration. This left us with a slow mess when trying to move windows around and doing anything that needed some GPU horsepower.
+
+According to the announcement post from Microsoft:
+
+> As part of this feature, we have also enabled support for GPU accelerated 3D graphics! Thanks to work that was completed in Mesa 21.0, any applications that are doing complex 3D rendering can leverage OpenGL to accelerate these using the GPU on your Windows 10 machine.
+
+This is a useful addition, and should help anyone wanting to run GPU intensive applications through WSL.
+
+#### Audio And Microphone Support Out Of The Box!
+
+One of the key elements to a good experience with Linux apps running alongside Windows apps is the audio. With the new WSL update, audio is supported out of the box. This is achieved with a PulseAudio server being started at the same time as the X server.
+
+Microsoft explains:
+
+> Linux GUI applications on WSL will also include out-of-the-box audio and microphone support. This exciting aspect will let your apps play audio cues and utilize the microphone, perfect for building, testing, or using movie players, telecommunication apps, and more.
+
+If we want Linux apps to become more widespread, this is a key feature. This will also allow developers of Windows apps to better support porting their apps to Linux.
+
+#### Automatic Starting Of All The Required Servers
+
+![Image Credit: Microsoft Devblogs][9]
+
+Previously, you had to start the [PulseAudio][10] and [X servers][11] manually before being able to actually run anything. Now, Microsoft has implemented a service that checks to see if a Linux app is running, and then starts the required servers automatically.
+
+This allows much easier launching and using of Linux apps on Windows.
+
+Microsoft claims this will improve the user experience significantly:
+
+> With this feature, we are automatically starting a companion system distro, containing a Wayland, X server, pulse audio server, and everything else needed to make Linux GUI apps communicate with Windows. After you’re finished using GUI applications and terminate your WSL distribution the system distro will automatically end its session as well.
+
+These components combine to make it super easy to run Linux GUI apps alongside regular Windows apps.
+
+### Wrapping Up
+
+With all these new features, it looks like Microsoft is giving it their best to get Linux apps working on Windows. And with more users running Linux apps on Windows, we may see more of them jump ship and move solely to Linux. Especially since the apps they’re used to would run anyway.
+
+If this takes off (and Microsoft doesn’t kill it in a few years), it will bring an end to a 5-year quest to bring Linux apps to Windows. If you are curious to learn more about it, you can look at the [release announcement][12].
+
+_What are your thoughts on GUI Linux apps running on Windows? Share them in the comments below!_
+
+#### Big Tech Websites Get Millions in Revenue, It's FOSS Got You!
+
+If you like what we do here at It's FOSS, please consider making a donation to support our independent publication. Your support will help us keep publishing content focusing on desktop Linux and open source software.
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Linux Mint 20.1 is Available to Download Now, Here are 9 New Features in This Release][13]
+  * ![][14] ![Linux Mint 20.1][15]
+
+
+  * [The Progress Linux has Made in Terms of Gaming is Simply Incredible: Lutris Creator][16]
+  * ![][14] ![][17]
+
+
+  * [Nitrux 1.3.8 Release Packs in KDE Plasma 5.21, Linux 5.11, and More Changes][18]
+  * ![][14] ![][19]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-gui-apps-wsl/
+
+作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/run-linux-apps-windows-wsl/
+[3]: https://i0.wp.com/i.ytimg.com/vi/f8_nvJzuaSU/hqdefault.jpg?w=780&ssl=1
+[4]: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/
+[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQ0MScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/best-modern-open-source-code-editors-for-linux/
+[7]: https://itsfoss.com/cad-software-linux/
+[8]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQ0NScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[9]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQ0MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[10]: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/
+[11]: https://x.org/wiki/
+[12]: https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2021/04/21/announcing-windows-10-insider-preview-build-21364/
+[13]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-mint-20-1-release/
+[14]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[15]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/linux-mint-20-1.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[16]: https://news.itsfoss.com/lutris-creator-interview/
+[17]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lutris-interview-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[18]: https://news.itsfoss.com/nitrux-1-3-8-release/
+[19]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/nitrux-1-3-8.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/news/20210423
+++ b/sources/news/20210423
@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+[#]: subject: (What’s New in Ubuntu MATE 21.04)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-mate-21-04-release/)
+[#]: author: (Asesh Basu https://news.itsfoss.com/author/asesh/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+What’s New in Ubuntu MATE 21.04
+======
+
+Since 18.10, Yaru has been the default user interface. This year, the Yaru team along with the Canonical Design and Ubuntu Desktop Teams joined forces to create a new visual look for Ubuntu MATE 21.04.
+
+### What’s New in Ubuntu MATE 21.04?
+
+Here are all the key changes that comes with this release.
+
+### MATE Desktop
+
+This time there are no new features but just bug fixes and translation updates. The MATE packaging in Debian has been updated to receive all the new bug fixes and updates.
+
+### Ayatana Indicators
+
+![][1]
+
+It is a system that controls the action, layout, behaviour of the panel indicator area that is also known as your system tray. You can now change settings of Ayatana Indicators from Control Center.
+
+A new printer indication has been added and RedShift has been removed to maintain stability.
+
+### Yaru MATE Theme
+
+Yaru MATE is now a derivative of the Yaru theme. Yaru MATE will now be provided with a light and dark theme, the light theme being the default one. This should ensure better application compatibility.
+
+Users will now have access to GTK 2.x, 3.x, 4.x light and dark themes collectively. You can also use Suru icons along with some new icons.
+
+LibreOffice will have a new Yaru MATE icon theming applied by default. Font contrast has been improved as well. As a result of this, you will find it easier to read tiny texts and/or reading from a distance.
+
+Websites will now maintain the Dark Mode, if selected, at an Operating System level. To get dark theme in websites along with the rest of your system, just enable the Yaru MATE Dark theme.
+
+Windows manager themes for Macro, Metacity, Compiz now have SVG icons. What this means is that if you have a large screen, the icons won’t look pixelated, that’s a subtle but useful addition!
+
+### Yaru MATE Snaps
+
+Although you can’t install Yaru MATE themes right now, you will soon be able to! The gtk-theme-yaru-mate and icon-theme-yaru-mate snaps are pre-installed and ready to be used when you need to connect the themes to compatible snaps.
+
+As per the announcement, snapd will automatically connect your theme to compatible snaps soon:
+
+> `snapd` will soon be able to automatically install snaps of themes that match your currently active theme. The snaps we’ve created are ready to integrate with that capability when it is available.
+
+### Mutiny Layout Changes
+
+![Mutiny Layout with dark Yaru theme applied.][2]
+
+Mutiny layout mimics the desktop layout of Unity. The MATE Dock Applet has been removed and the Mutiny Layout has been optimized to use Plank. Plank theming will be applied automatically. This will be done when switching to Mutiny Layout via Mate Tweak. Both dark and light Yaru themes of Plank are provided.
+
+Other tweaks and updates have made the Mutiny much more reliability while the look and feel remains the same.
+
+### Major Application Upgrades
+
+  * Firefox 87
+  * LibreOffice 7.1.2.2
+  * Evolution 3.40
+  * Celluloid 0.20
+
+
+
+### Other Changes
+
+  * Linux command line fans will appreciate commands like neofetch, htop and inxi being included in the default Ubuntu MATE install.
+  * A Raspberry Pi 21.04 version will be released soon.
+  * There are no offline upgrade options in Ubuntu MATE.
+  * New Plank themes introduced for side and bottom docks that matches with the color scheme of Yaru MATE.
+  * A clean edge styling is applied to Yaru MATE windows manager for side tiled windows.
+  * It is available in various colors in Ubuntu MATE Welcome.
+  * Yaru MATE theme snap and icon theme snap has been published in Snap Store
+  * Yaru MATE PPA published for users of Ubunut MATE 20.04 LTS.
+
+
+
+### Download Ubuntu MATE 21.04
+
+You can download the ISO from the official website.
+
+[Ubuntu MATE 21.04][3]
+
+If you’re curious to learn more about it, [check out the release notes.][4]
+
+_Are you excited to try out the new Yaru MATE theme? What do you think? Let us know in the comments below._
+
+#### Big Tech Websites Get Millions in Revenue, It's FOSS Got You!
+
+If you like what we do here at It's FOSS, please consider making a donation to support our independent publication. Your support will help us keep publishing content focusing on desktop Linux and open source software.
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Ubuntu 21.04 is Releasing This Week! Take a Look at the New Features][5]
+  * ![][6] ![Ubuntu 21.04 New Features][7]
+
+
+  * [No GNOME 40 for Ubuntu 21.04 [And That's a Good Thing]][8]
+  * ![][6] ![No GNOME 40 in Ubuntu 21.04][9]
+
+
+  * [Ubuntu 21.04 Beta is Now Available to Download][10]
+  * ![][6] ![][11]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-mate-21-04-release/
+
+作者：[Asesh Basu][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/asesh/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzUxMCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzQzOScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[3]: https://ubuntu-mate.org/download/
+[4]: https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/hirsute-hippo-release-notes/19221
+[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-features/
+[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[7]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ubuntu_21_04_features.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/no-gnome-40-in-ubuntu-21-04/
+[9]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/gnome-40-ubuntu-21-04.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-beta-release/
+[11]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ubuntu-21-04-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/talk/20210415
+++ b/sources/talk/20210415
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+[#]: subject: (Microsoft Gets into the OpenJDK Business: What Does it Mean for You?)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-openjdk/)
+[#]: author: (John Paul Wohlscheid https://news.itsfoss.com/author/john/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Microsoft Gets into the OpenJDK Business: What Does it Mean for You?
+======
+
+Microsoft is getting into the Java business. The question is “What does this mean for the Open-Source community?” Has Microsoft learned anything from their past interactions with Java? Let’s see.
+
+### Introducing Microsoft Builds of OpenJDK
+
+Microsoft recently announced that they would be releasing builds of OpenJDK. According to [the announcement][1], these builds will be Long-Term Support (LTS).
+
+The builds will include Java 11 (based on OpenJDK 11.0.10+9) for “macOS, Linux, and Windows”. They will be available for both servers and desktop systems. They are also introducing Early Access builds of Java 16 for Windows on ARM (based on OpenJDK 16+36). “The Microsoft Build of OpenJDK is a simple drop-in replacement for any other OpenJDK distribution available in the Java ecosystem.”
+
+All of the binaries available are considered “Preview”. The announcement mentions that Java 11 was released in 2018. So what call it a “Preview”? Because Microsoft wants feedback from customers on “things like the packaging and installation experience” before they make them production ready.
+
+Since they are consider Long-Term Support, Java 11 will be supported until 2024. OpenJDK 17 will be made available when Java 17 “is finalized”. Microsoft will not be offering support for Java 8.
+
+For those interested in the recipes Microsoft is using to bake its Java cake, they are using the “same build scripts used by the Eclipse Adoptium project and tested against the Eclipse Adoptium Quality Assurance suite (including OpenJDK project tests)”.
+
+The binaries are licensed as “General Public License 2.0 with Classpath Exception (GPLv2+CE)”.
+
+### Not Microsoft’s First Java Rodeo
+
+![][2]
+
+What’s interesting is that this is not the first time that Microsoft got involved with Java. Back in 1996, Microsoft introduced the imaginatively named [J++][3]. Initially, J++ got a lot of [good press][4].
+
+However, the honeymoon didn’t last. [In 2007][5], Sun Microsystems sued Microsoft. They said that Microsoft “breached its licensing agreement by adding extensions that weren’t Java-compatible”. The suit was settled in 2001. “Microsoft was required to pay Sun $20 million, as well as to permanently stop using “Java-compatible” trademarks.” J++ supported ended in 2004.
+
+This was just one of [many times][6] that Microsoft enacted their [Embrace, Extent, Extinguish mantra][7]. This time it was Microsoft plans that were extinguished.
+
+Sometimes, its hard to equate all of the underhanded tactics that Microsoft committed under Bill Gates and his philanthropy.
+
+### So What Does This All Mean?
+
+The burning question is why is Microsoft even bothering to create these binaries in the first place? There are at least half of a dozen organizations that offer OpenJDK binaries, including IBM, Amazon, and Eclipse.
+
+[Mike and Chris from Coder Radio][8] has repeatedly mentioned that Microsoft is transforming itself into a company that creates tools for programmers. They don’t care what platform programmers use, just that they use Microsoft tools. (In the OpenJDK announcement, Microsoft listed the available platforms as “macOS, Linux, and Windows”.) This newest announcement is the latest step in the transformation.
+
+What does it mean for open source? If Microsoft leaves the OpenJDK binaries unchanged, probably not much. At most, they will make the binaries work better on Windows and with Visual Studio Code. However, the big concern would be if they start changing the code.
+
+My advice: Keep your eggs out of Microsoft’s basket, so you don’t get locked into their tooling. At least, until they have proven that they are not evil. After all, there are plenty of alternative already.
+
+![][9]
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Microsoft Makes 'Extensible Storage Engine' Open-Source, Used by Windows 10 &amp; Microsoft Exchange][10]
+  * ![][11] ![][12]
+
+
+  * [Is Google Locking Down Chrome to Resist the Rise of Chromium Based Browsers?][13]
+  * ![][11] ![Google Chrome][14]
+
+
+  * [Good News! elementary OS is Coming to Raspberry Pi 4][15]
+  * ![][11] ![elementary OS Raspberry Pi Build][16]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-openjdk/
+
+作者：[John Paul Wohlscheid][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/john/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/java/announcing-preview-of-microsoft-build-of-openjdk/
+[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzM3NScgd2lkdGg9JzI5NScgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B
+[4]: https://www.drdobbs.com/microsofts-visual-j-10/184415556
+[5]: https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=101152
+[6]: https://birdhouse.org/beos/byte/30-bootloader/
+[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embrace,_extend,_and_extinguish
+[8]: https://coder.show/
+[9]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-ese-open-source/
+[11]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[12]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ese-microsoft.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[13]: https://news.itsfoss.com/is-google-locking-down-chrome/
+[14]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/google-chrome.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[15]: https://news.itsfoss.com/elementary-os-raspberry-pi-release/
+[16]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/elementaryos-raspberry-pi-build.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/talk/20210418
+++ b/sources/talk/20210418
@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+[#]: subject: (F(r)iction: Or How I Learnt to Stop Worrying and Start Loving Vim)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/how-i-started-loving-vim/)
+[#]: author: (Theena https://news.itsfoss.com/author/theena/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+F(r)iction: Or How I Learnt to Stop Worrying and Start Loving Vim
+======
+
+It is Dec 2009, and I am ready to quit my job.
+
+I wanted to focus on writing my first book; neither my commitments at work nor the state of technology was helping.
+
+Writing is hard work.
+
+Few tasks in the modern world can be as singular – or as daunting – a pursuit as sitting down in front of a blank piece of paper, and asking your brain to vomit out words that communicate an idea to readers. I am not suggesting that writing can’t be collaborative of course, but merely illustrating how daunting it can be for writers to set off on a new piece by themselves. This is true for fiction
+and non-fiction writing, but since I am a novelist I’d like to focus primarily on fiction in this article.
+
+![][1]
+
+Remember what 2009 was like?
+
+Smart phones were 3 years old – I still hadn’t gone away from feature phones. Laptops were big and bulky. Meanwhile, cloud-based web applications for productivity was in their infancy, and just not good. Technologically speaking, writers like me were using their Gmail accounts (and a very young cloud-based storage called Dropbox) as an always-available option to work on their drafts, even while away from my personal computer. While this was a nice change from what writers had to go through when working with typewriters (or god forbid, pen and paper), it wasn’t much.
+
+For one thing, version control of manuscripts was a nightmare. Further, the more tools I added to my tool kit to simplify the workflow, the more I had to switch context – both from a UI and a UX sense.
+
+I would start writing drafts on Windows Notepad, save it on a MS Word Document on my PC at home, email myself a copy, keep another copy on Dropbox (since Dropbox wasn’t accessible at work), work on the copy of that file at work, email it back to myself at the end of the day, download it on the home computer, saving it under a new name and the respective date so that I would recognize the changes in the file were made at work (as opposed to home)…well you get the picture. If you think this workflow involving Windows Notepad, MS Word, Gmail, and Dropbox is insane, well now you know why I quit my job.
+
+More soberingly, I still know writers, damn good writers too, who use variations of the workflow that I followed in 2009.
+
+Over the next three years, I worked on the manuscript, completing the first draft in 2012. During the three years much had changed with the state of technology. Smart phones were actually pretty great, and some of the complications I had in 2009 had disappeared. I could still work on the same file that I had been working from at home, on my phone (not necessarily fresh writing, but editing had become considerably easier thanks to Dropbox on the phone.) My main writing tool remained Microsoft’s Windows Notepad and Word, which is how I completed the first draft.
+
+The novel [**First Utterance**][2] was released in 2016 to critical and commercial acclaim.
+
+The end.
+
+Or so I thought.
+
+As soon as I completed the manuscript and sent it to my editor, I had begun working on the second novel. I was no longer quitting my job to work on writing, but I had taken a more pragmatic approach: I’d take two weeks off at the end of ever year so that I could go to a little cabin in the mountains to write.
+
+It took me half a day to realize that the things that annoyed me about my [writing tools][3] and workflow had not disappeared, but morphed into a more complex beast. As a writer, I wasn’t being productive or as efficient as I wanted.
+
+### Linux in the time of Corona
+
+![][4]
+
+It is 2020 and the world is on the verge of mass hysteria.
+
+What had started out as an isolated novel virus in China was morphing into the first global pandemic since 1911. On March 20th, Sri Lanka followed most of the rest of the world and shutdown.
+
+April in Sri Lanka is the height of the dry season. Temperatures in concrete jungles like Colombo can reach the mid 30s, with humidity in the high 90s. It can drive most people to distraction at the best of times, but stuck at home with no always-on air conditioning while a global pandemic is underway? That is a good recipe for madness.
+
+My madness was Linux or, as we in the open source community call it, ‘distro-hopping’.
+
+The more I played around with *nix distros, the more enamoured I came to be with the idea of control. When nothing seems to be within our control – not even the simple act of shaking hands with another person – then it is only natural we lean towards things where we feel more in control.
+
+Where better to get more control in my life than with my computing? Naturally, this extended to my writing tools and workflow too.
+
+### The path to Vim
+
+There’s a joke about [Vim][5] that describes perfectly my first experience with it. People are obsessive about Vim because they don’t know how to close it.
+
+I was attempting to edit a configuration file, and the [fresh install of Ubuntu Server][6] had only Vim pre-installed. First there was panic – so much so I restarted the machine thinking the OS wasn’t picking up my keyboard. Then when it happened again, the inevitable Google search: ‘[How do I close vim?][7]‘
+
+_Oh. That’s interesting_, I thought.
+
+_But why?_
+
+To understand why I was even remotely interested in a text editor that was too complex to close, you have to understand how much I adore Windows Notepad.
+
+As a writer, I loved writing on its no-nonsense, no buttons, white-abyss like canvas. It had no spell check. It had no formatting. But I didn’t care.
+
+For the writer in me, Notepad was the best writing scratch pad ever devised. Unfortunately, it isn’t powerful – so even if I start writing my drafts in Notepad, I would move it to MS Word once I had passed a 1000 words – Notepad wasn’t built for prose, and those limitations would be glaringly obvious when I passed that word limit.
+
+So the first thing I installed I moved all my computing away from Windows, was a good text editor.
+
+[Kate][8] was the first replacement where I felt more comfortable than I did on Windows Notepad – it was more powerful (it had spell-checker!), and hey, I could mess around with some hobbyist-type coding in the same environment.
+
+It was love.
+
+But then Vim happened.
+
+The more I learnt about Vim, the more I watched developers live coding on Vim, the more I found myself opening Vim for my text editing needs. I use the phrase ‘text editing’ in the traditional Unix sense: editing blocks of text in configuration files, or sometimes writing basic Bash scripts.
+
+I still hadn’t used Vim remotely for my prose writing needs.
+
+For that I had LibreOffice.
+
+Sort of.
+
+While it is an adequate [replacement for MS Office][9], I found myself underwhelmed. The UI is perhaps even more distracting than MS Word, and with each distro having different packages of LibreOffice, I found myself using a hellishly fragmented tool kit and workflow, to say nothing about how different the UI can look in various distros and desktop environments.
+
+Things had become even more complicated because I had also started my Masters. In this scenario, I was taking notes down on Kate, transferring them to LibreOffice, and then saving it on to my Dropbox.
+
+Context switching was staring at me in the face every day.
+
+Productivity dropped as I had to open and close a number of unrelated applications. I needed one writing tool to meet all my needs – as a novelist, as a student, and as a hobbyist coder.
+
+And that’s when I realized that the solution to my context switching nightmare was also staring at me in the face at the same time.
+
+By this point, I had used Vim often enough – even used it with Termux on my Android phone – to be pretty comfortable with the idea of moving everything to Vim. Since it supported markdown syntax, note-taking would also become even easier.
+
+This was just about two months ago.
+
+How am I doing?
+
+It is April 2021.
+
+I started this draft on my phone, [using Vim][10] via Termux (with the aid of a Bluetooth keyboard), while in a taxi. I pushed the file to a GitHub private repo for my writing, from which I pulled the file to my PC, wrote a few more lines, before heading out again. I pulled the new version of the file from GitHub to my phone, made changes, pushed it, repeat, until I emailed the final draft to the editor.
+
+The context switching is now no more.
+
+The distractions that come from writing in word processors is no more.
+
+Editing is infinitely easier, and faster.
+
+My wrists are no longer in pain because I hid my mouse from sight.
+
+It is April 2021.
+
+I am a novelist.
+
+And I write on Vim.
+
+How? I’ll discuss the specific of this workflow in the second part of this column series on how non-tech people are using free and open source technology. Stay tuned.
+
+![][11]
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [Going Against Google Analytics With Plausible's Co-Founder [Interview]][12]
+  * ![][13] ![Interview with Plausible founder Marco Saric][14]
+
+
+  * [The Progress Linux has Made in Terms of Gaming is Simply Incredible: Lutris Creator][15]
+  * ![][13] ![][16]
+
+
+  * [Multi Monitor and HiDPI Setup is Looking Better on Ubuntu 21.04 [My Experience So Far]][17]
+  * ![][13] ![Multimonitor setup with Ubuntu 21.04][18]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/how-i-started-loving-vim/
+
+作者：[Theena][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/theena/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzM5MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[2]: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29616237-first-utterance
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-tools-writers/
+[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzM5NScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[5]: https://www.vim.org/
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-server-raspberry-pi/
+[7]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-exit-vim/
+[8]: https://kate-editor.org/
+[9]: https://itsfoss.com/best-free-open-source-alternatives-microsoft-office/
+[10]: https://linuxhandbook.com/basic-vim-commands/
+[11]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzI1MCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[12]: https://news.itsfoss.com/marko-saric-plausible/
+[13]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[14]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Interview-plausible.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[15]: https://news.itsfoss.com/lutris-creator-interview/
+[16]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lutris-interview-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[17]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-21-04-multi-monitor-support/
+[18]: https://i1.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/multi-monitor-ubuntu-21-itsfoss.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/talk/20210422
+++ b/sources/talk/20210422
@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+[#]: subject: (Energy infrastructure platform uses open source to fight climate change)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/seapath-open-energy-infrastructure)
+[#]: author: (Dr. Shuli Goodman https://opensource.com/users/shuligoodman)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Energy infrastructure platform uses open source to fight climate change
+======
+SEAPATH is a Linux Foundation project that aims to modernize the power
+grid through an open energy infrastructure.
+![Light bulb][1]
+
+LF Energy is a Linux Foundation project working to accelerate the energy transition of the world's grids and transportation systems through open source. In December, our project took a major step toward achieving its mission when we and our member organizations Alliander, RTE, and Savoir-faire Linux launched [SEAPATH][2], which stands for Software Enabled Automation Platform and Artifacts.
+
+SEAPATH is a reference design and a real-time, open source platform for grid operators to run virtualized automation and protection applications. It is the second project for LF Energy's [Digital Substation Automation Systems][3] initiative and a vital step toward adopting renewable energy on the power grid. It will accelerate the grid's decarbonization, helping lead the planet to [carbon neutrality by 2050][4]. Power system transformation [leads all efforts for decarbonization][5]; it's the _key_ enabler for fighting climate change.
+
+### Breaking down silos
+
+Coordinating power generation, distribution, and transmission systems is a critical component of a green grid.
+
+Currently, the grid's infrastructure operates on a centralized, point-to-point framework, requiring a source like a gas- or coal-fired power plant to distribute electricity. Essentially, the grid was built on a foundation of silos with different systems for energy generation, transmission, and distribution. However, due to the high variability of renewable energy—power can be produced only when the sun shines or the wind blows—it's difficult to integrate clean energy sources into siloed systems. The [increasing use of electric vehicles][6] is also causing power supply and demand fluctuations.
+
+These challenges make it difficult for grid operators to control and optimize renewable sources of energy. Furthermore, the grid's infrastructure isn't sustainable for a clean energy future. In fact, the grid of the future will not be a grid at all. Rather, power system networks will process tsunamis of data that enable the orchestration, choreography, and coordination of energy supply and demand. The future energy framework will operate like the internet, digitally connecting thousands of power systems and processing data from their substations to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity.
+
+### Interoperability through open source
+
+In working toward clean energy integration, grid operators use digital substations, which require a growing number of computational devices to support field sensors, applications, and automation technologies.
+
+Typically, these components are provided by multiple proprietary solutions, making interoperability difficult due to redundant hardware requirements. This challenge largely correlates with vendor lock-in throughout the energy industry. US regulators allow utility companies to sign [50-plus year contracts][7] that secure their place in specified regions. As a result, utilities use proprietary solutions for their portion of the grid, making interoperability between substations difficult. In March 2021, we launched [FledgePOWER][8], a new project that seeks to address this problem.
+
+Solutions do not always share the same specifications, but they often handle similar data. Implementing new solutions is costly, creates technical debt, and is time-consuming. To manage these heterogeneous environments, operators tend to run deprecated legacy systems for decades. With the speed of change increasing, network operations have become increasingly complex, less flexible, and more expensive to operate. Being able to abstract this complexity offers system and network operators new tools for interoperability in a rapidly transforming environment.
+
+SEAPATH's goal is similar to the Linux Foundation's [OpenDaylight project][9], an open source initiative that catapulted software virtualization for telecommunication networks and set the industry standard for software-defined network infrastructure. SEAPATH aims to apply the same technology OpenDaylight uses to consolidate multi-provider systems on the grid into one platform. This aims to enable operators to digitally implement electricity distribution and transmission through data from their substations. This consolidation also supports time- and cost-efficiency, scalability, flexibility, innovation, and novel technology implementations and merging utility practices.
+
+Through cross-industry collaboration with SEAPATH, the energy sector can build customer- and vendor-agnostic virtualization technologies required by a modern, climate-conscious grid. The more flexible and scalable the grid can be for greener energy, the faster we can reach decarbonization.
+
+### How to get involved with SEAPATH
+
+If you are interested in learning more about SEAPATH or joining the project, here's how you can get involved:
+
+  * **Learn about SEAPATH:** Check out LF Energy's [SEAPATH project page][2] to learn more about the initiative. We have a technical steering committee (TSC), a mailing list, open meetings, a wiki feed, and a roadmap that can help answer any questions you may have about the project.
+  * **Use SEAPATH:** To access SEAPATH, you must be a member of LF Energy. Organizations can join by [becoming a member][10]. LF Energy is funded through membership dues and contributions of engineering resources. Once registered, you can access SEAPATH on its [GitHub page][11]. If you can't join as an LF Energy member, we still encourage you to contribute by participating in technical projects and discussion lists.
+
+
+
+Time is running out for the energy industry to come together and improve the grid for our future. By joining as partners, the entire energy industry—and the entire world—can benefit from a grid powered by green energy for a brighter future.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/seapath-open-energy-infrastructure
+
+作者：[Dr. Shuli Goodman][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/shuligoodman
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bulb-light-energy-power-idea.png?itok=zTEEmTZB (Light bulb)
+[2]: https://www.lfenergy.org/projects/seapath/
+[3]: https://wiki.lfenergy.org/display/HOME/Digital+Substation+Automation+Systems+%28DSAS%29+Initiative
+[4]: https://grist.org/climate/yes-the-u-s-can-go-carbon-neutral-by-2050-says-new-princeton-study/
+[5]: https://e360.yale.edu/features/deep-decarbonization-a-realistic-way-forward-on-climate-change
+[6]: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2020
+[7]: https://apnews.com/article/7393a2dd5c69f590a8e7db3d19f1e240
+[8]: https://www.lfenergy.org/projects/fledgepower/
+[9]: https://opensource.com/business/14/10/opendaylight-helium-gets-out-gate
+[10]: https://www.lfenergy.org/join/
+[11]: https://github.com/seapath
--- a/sources/talk/20210423
+++ b/sources/talk/20210423
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+[#]: subject: (Sustainable economic development begins with open thinking)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/open-organization/21/3/sustainable-development-environment)
+[#]: author: (Ron McFarland https://opensource.com/users/ron-mcfarland)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Sustainable economic development begins with open thinking
+======
+Do our global development practices respect planetary boundaries?
+Greater transparency could provide insight.
+![2 cents penny money currency][1]
+
+To be successful, open organizations must have specific purposes, address achievable goals, perform clear tasks, effectively evaluate the results of their work, and introduce countermeasures or revisions to their operations. [Open organization principles][2] serve vital functions throughout this process.
+
+This is true no matter the scale of the problem an open organization confronts. In this three part review of [_The Age of Sustainable Development_][3] by Jeffrey Sachs, I'll examine an issue with global scope—sustainable economic development—to demonstrate how thinking openly can help us address global issues.
+
+Specifically, in this article I'll discuss the important role of _transparency_ in assessing environmental damage and destruction some economic development programs can cause, and I'll explain how the principle of transparency also helps us think about specific actions we can take to combat destructive forces. In the next article, I will discuss human suffering on a global scale—here again stressing transparency. And in the third and last article, I will bring both these concerns together and discuss global governance. That is where we'll recognize the importance of open organization principles for making progress on these issues.
+
+One more note: All these articles address extremely complex subjects. So at the end of each, I'll share a video presentation offering additional explanation. I'll start that discussion by introducing what I call the Open Organization Principles Loop, so you can visualize how these principles can be applied to sustainable global economic development issues.
+
+Simply put, letting [open principles][2] guide our work creating sustainable, global economic development will help:
+
+  * Make global, environmental and human suffering problems **transparent**
+  * Form and unite organizations/**communities** at the local (not only global) level to tackle those problems
+  * Start **collaboration** within and between communities to find detailed, local solutions
+  * Recruit and **include** members globally to gain broad perspectives on how to achieve goals
+  * **Adapt** strategies to each region globally and in each local community
+
+
+
+All this starts with exposing specific problems and making them vividly transparent. Once exposed, these problems must be broadly presented and made _immediately personal_ to every individual.
+
+This is the discussion I hope to start in this article on global environmental issues.
+
+The earth has what we might call "planetary boundaries." Respecting these boundaries means being prosperous, socially inclusive, and environmentally responsible.
+
+### Stressing planetary boundaries
+
+In a previous article entitled "[Climate challenges call for open solutions][4]," I discussed only the issue of carbon-free power generation, particularly through fourth-generation nuclear power plants that are now being developed. But reading Sach's book, _The Age of Sustainable Development_, made me realize that energy generation through nuclear power plants is an approach _too narrow_ to address the massive climate challenges the world faces (the phrase "climate challenge" might _itself_ be too narrow). "Sustainable economic development" might be a better phrase to describe what should be our most pressing concern, of which climate change is only _one_ component issue. When we use the term "sustainable," we're referring to methods that effectively avoid driving something or some species to extinction—including humankind. It is the conservation of living and mineral resources in ways that continue to make life on earth economically viable.
+
+Sachs' book suggests a wide range of strategies on detailed concerns that could move the global society toward sustainable economic development. I will quickly review them and explain where open organization principles can play a role.
+
+The earth has what we might call "[planetary boundaries][5]": it can only support life to the extent that life forms respect these boundaries. They are the foundations of ecosystems like forests and fisheries, for example. Respecting these boundaries means being prosperous, socially inclusive, and environmentally responsible.
+
+We must monitor and manage our relationships with these planetary boundaries globally. Here are at least nine boundaries:
+
+  1. **Climate change**: This is directly related to [greenhouse gases][6] (GHGs).
+  2. **Ocean acidification**: Rising acidity threatens various marine life.
+  3. **Stratospheric ozone depletion**: Evidence suggests a direct link to skin cancers and other disorders.
+  4. **Biogeochemical flow boundaries (Nitrogen Cycle/Phosphorus Cycle)**: Chemical fertilizers are required for high crop yield, but their runoff negatively impacts the surrounding environment.
+  5. **Global freshwater use and water scarcity**: Groundwater is declining worldwide while demand is growing with population growth.
+  6. **Land degradation**: Deforestation is a major problem, as forests withdraw CO2 in the atmosphere and are the habitat of many species.
+  7. **Biodiversity loss**: We depend on biodiversity for our food supply, for our safety from many natural hazards like flooding, industry/construction material supply, freshwater and combating pests and pathogens.
+  8. **Atmospheric aerosol loading**: Simply put, smog causes problems like life-threatening lung disease.
+  9. **Chemical pollution**: Petrochemical production, steel production, and mining processes put deadly pollutants into their surrounding environments.
+
+
+
+Sachs indicates that humans have stressed these boundaries in major areas around the globe, and earth's natural system can't cope with that pressure. Sachs believes that during this century human beings will stress all nine boundaries in critically dangerous ways, unless dedicated organizations and communities are formed to establish projects that execute on reversing them.
+
+### Why can't we just save the world?
+
+It's difficult to convince people of environmental importance and to assemble organizations, communities, neighborhoods and resources to execute action plans. Sachs cites six primary reasons for this:
+
+  1. **Global problems.** No single actor can take charge to get things started and organizing on a global scale is extremely difficult.
+  2. **Short-term special interests groups.** Many parties have competing goals, and no one is [speaking for the planet][7].
+  3. **Impact timeframe.** The greatest impact will be on those not born yet.
+  4. **Current economic structure.** The solutions might be incompatible with the current economic structure. But, its damage to the environment must be exposed and a new sustainable economic structure technically developed to replace it.
+  5. **Pace of change.** The impact is not visible on a daily, weekly, or even monthly basis.
+  6. **Complexity.** Environmental issues are caused by many human activities, not just one.
+
+
+
+Reviewing these six characteristics, we see that getting solutions adopted globally requires a powerful sales job. But applying open organization principles can be significantly helpful, particularly making the problems as transparent as possible on a global scale.
+
+Both globally and locally, communities can't continue with their current modes of economic development—not if they want to respect planetary boundaries. Business as usual, Sachs stresses, will destroy us all.
+
+As I mentioned earlier, Sachs notes that generally addressing sustainable development directly is too vague and unhelpful. The challenge must be broken down into detailed projects and tasks for each region and community on the planet. Here are some specific examples of initiatives that are important but could vary by region:
+
+  1. Building/home energy use reduction
+  2. Environmentally friendly transportation
+  3. Secure food production to reach demand
+  4. Clean/efficient electrical power generation, storage and distribution
+  5. Environmentally friendly urban designing
+  6. Ocean biodiversity protection
+  7. Plant biodiversity protection
+  8. Wildlife biodiversity protection
+  9. Air pollution &amp; the CO2 reduction
+  10. Freshwater supply to satisfy future demand
+
+
+
+### The cost of doing nothing
+
+Both globally and locally, communities can't continue with their current modes of economic development—not if they want to respect planetary boundaries. Business as usual, Sachs stresses, will destroy us all.
+
+At the start of this discussion, I mentioned the importance of transparency and the need to expose the environmental damage that many human economic activities cause. Information and communication technology specialists will become increasingly central to these transparency efforts, as they can effectively and cost efficiently use automated data gathering, analytics, telecommunications, and other technologies to help increase transparency. (Wondering how you might do this? Why not [ask our community][8]?)
+
+In the next article, I will attempt to make vividly transparent the impact of unsustainable development practices on human inequality and suffering at a global level. Armed with a full understanding of both these challenges, in my last article in this series, I'll present global governance to tackle them. In that governance all open organization principles will play vital roles.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/open-organization/21/3/sustainable-development-environment
+
+作者：[Ron McFarland][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ron-mcfarland
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/Medical%20Costs%20Transparency_1.jpg?itok=CkZ_J88m (2 cents penny money currency)
+[2]: https://theopenorganization.org/definition/
+[3]: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23215948-the-age-of-sustainable-development
+[4]: https://opensource.com/open-organization/19/10/global-energy-climate-challenges
+[5]: http://www.igbp.net/news/features/features/aplanetontheedge.5.1b8ae20512db692f2a680003122.html
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#/media/File:Global_GHG_Emissions_by_Sector_2016.png
+[7]: https://opensource.com/open-organization/19/10/open-platform-greenpeace
+[8]: http://theopenorganization.community
--- a/sources/talk/20210424
+++ b/sources/talk/20210424
@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+[#]: subject: (Can We Recommend Linux for Gaming in 2021?)
+[#]: via: (https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-for-gaming-opinion/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Can We Recommend Linux for Gaming in 2021?
+======
+
+You will often hear Linux enthusiasts praise about the improved gaming capabilities on Linux. Yes, we have come a long way considering the advancements made to support modern games on Linux desktop.
+
+Even Lutris’ creator mentions in our interview that the [progress Linux has made in terms of gaming is simply incredible][1].
+
+But, is it something to be hyped about? Can we recommend Linux to a gamer? Is Linux suitable for gaming?
+
+In this article, I want to share a few things about gaming on a Linux system and share what I think about it.
+
+### You Can Play Games on Linux: Yes!
+
+If anyone’s ever told you that you cannot game on Linux, **that is not true**.
+
+You can play a variety of games on Linux without any major hiccups. And, for the most part, it is playable and totally a good experience.
+
+In fact, we have an ultimate guide for [Gaming on Linux][2] if you do not know where to start.
+
+### Do I Need a Specific Linux Distro to Play Games?
+
+Not really. It depends on how convenient you want the experience to be.
+
+For instance, if you want a Linux distribution to work well with your graphics driver and get the latest hardware support, there’s something for that. Similarly, if you just want to play native Linux indie games with an integrated GPU, any Linux distro can work.
+
+So, there are a few variables when choosing a Linux distribution for your gaming adventures.
+
+Fret not, to help you out, we have a useful list of the [best Linux gaming distributions][3].
+
+### Virtual Reality Games on Linux: Uh-Oh!
+
+![][4]
+
+I’m sure VR gaming is not something widely adopted yet. But, if you want the exciting experience on a VR headset, **choosing Linux as your preferred platform might be a bad idea**.
+
+You do not have the necessary drivers or applications for a convenient experience on Linux. No distribution can help you solve this problem.
+
+If you are curious, you can go through the details shed on the **state of virtual reality** in a blog post on [Boiling Steam][5] and an interesting experience with Valve’s VR headset on [GamingOnLinux][6].
+
+I’ve linked those blog posts for reference but long story short — avoid Linux if you want to experience VR games (feel free to experiment if you have the time though).
+
+### Can You Play Windows Exclusive Games on Linux?
+
+Yes and No.
+
+You can use [Steam Play to play Windows-only games][7], **but it has its share of issues**. Not every game works.
+
+For instance, I end up using Windows to play [Forza Horizon 4][8]. If you love car simulation or racing games, this is a masterpiece that you may not want to miss.
+
+Maybe we will see it working through Steam Play without issues in the near future, who knows?
+
+So, it is safe to assume that you will encounter many similar games that may not work at all. That’s the bitter truth.
+
+And, to know if the game works on Linux, head to [ProtonDB][9] and search for the game to see if it has a “**Gold**” status at the very least.
+
+### Multiplayer Gaming With Anti-Cheat Engines: Does It Work?
+
+![][10]
+
+A huge chunk of gamers prefer playing multiplayer games like [Apex Legends][11], [Rainbow Six Siege][12], and [Fortnite][13].
+
+However, some of those popular titles that rely on anti-cheat engines do not work on Linux yet. It is still something a work in progress and can be made possible in future Linux Kernel releases — just not yet.
+
+Do note that multiplayer games like [CS:GO][14], Dota 2, Team Fortress 2, [Valheim][15], and several more offer native Linux support and works great!
+
+### Would I Recommend Linux for Gaming?
+
+![][4]
+
+Considering that you can play a lot of Windows-specific games, native indie games, and a variety of AAA games with native Linux support, I can recommend a first-time user to try gaming on Linux.
+
+But, that comes with a **caution** — I would suggest you to make a potential list of games that you want to play to make sure that it runs on Linux without any issues. In either case, you may end up wasting a lot of time troubleshooting with no results.
+
+Not to forget, a big no to VR gaming on Linux, I believe.
+
+And, if you want to explore all the latest and greatest titles, I will recommend you to stick to your Windows-powered gaming machine.
+
+**While I should encourage more users to adopt Linux as a gaming platform, but I won’t be ignoring the practical side of why common consumers still prefer a Windows-powered machine to game on.**
+
+_What do you think? Do you agree with my thoughts? Feel free to share what you feel in the comments below!_
+
+#### Big Tech Websites Get Millions in Revenue, It's FOSS Got You!
+
+If you like what we do here at It's FOSS, please consider making a donation to support our independent publication. Your support will help us keep publishing content focusing on desktop Linux and open source software.
+
+I'm not interested
+
+#### _Related_
+
+  * [The Progress Linux has Made in Terms of Gaming is Simply Incredible: Lutris Creator][1]
+  * ![][16] ![][17]
+
+
+  * [Popular Game Titles Metro Exodus and Total War: Rome Remastered Releasing for Linux in April][18]
+  * ![][16] ![][19]
+
+
+  * [Good News for Linux Gamers! An Unofficial Epic Games Store Launcher for Linux is in Works][20]
+  * ![][16] ![Heroic Games Launcher][21]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-for-gaming-opinion/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/lutris-creator-interview/
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-guide/
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-distributions/
+[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzUyMScgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[5]: https://boilingsteam.com/the-state-of-virtual-reality-on-linux/
+[6]: https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2020/08/my-experiences-of-valves-vr-on-linux
+[7]: https://itsfoss.com/steam-play/
+[8]: https://forzamotorsport.net/en-US/games/fh4
+[9]: https://www.protondb.com/
+[10]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzUyMCcgd2lkdGg9Jzc4MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[11]: https://www.ea.com/games/apex-legends
+[12]: https://www.ubisoft.com/en-us/game/rainbow-six/siege
+[13]: https://www.epicgames.com/fortnite/en-US/home
+[14]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/730/CounterStrike_Global_Offensive/
+[15]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/892970/Valheim/
+[16]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9JzIwMCcgd2lkdGg9JzM1MCcgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJyB2ZXJzaW9uPScxLjEnLz4=
+[17]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lutris-interview-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[18]: https://news.itsfoss.com/metro-exodus-total-war-rome-linux/
+[19]: https://i2.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/metro-total-war-ft.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
+[20]: https://news.itsfoss.com/heroic-games-launcher/
+[21]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/heroic-games-launcher.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200
--- a/sources/tech/20200908
+++ b/sources/tech/20200908
--- a/sources/tech/20210203
+++ b/sources/tech/20210203
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: translator: (stevenzdg988)
 [#]: reviewer: ( )
 [#]: publisher: ( )
 [#]: url: ( )
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/linux-autokey

 作者：[Matt Bargenquast][a]
 选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
--- a/sources/tech/20210317
+++ b/sources/tech/20210317
@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
-[#]: subject: (My favorite open source project management tools)
-[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/open-source-project-management)
-[#]: author: (Frank Bergmann https://opensource.com/users/fraber)
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: ( )
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-
-My favorite open source project management tools
-======
-If you're managing large and complex projects, try replacing Microsoft
-Project with an open source option.
-![Kanban-style organization action][1]
-
-Projects like building a satellite, developing a robot, or launching a new product are all expensive, involve different providers, and contain hard dependencies that must be tracked.
-
-The approach to project management in the world of large projects is quite simple (in theory at least). You create a project plan and split it into smaller pieces until you can reasonably assign costs, duration, resources, and dependencies to the various activities. Once the project plan is approved by the people in charge of the money, you use it to track the project's execution. Drawing all of the project's activities on a timeline produces a bar chart called a [Gantt chart][2].
-
-Gantt charts have always been used in [waterfall project methodologies][3], but they can also be used with agile. For example, large projects may use a Gantt chart for a scrum sprint and ignore other details like user stories, thereby embedding agile phases. Other large projects may include multiple product releases (e.g., minimum viable product [MVP], second version, third version, etc.). In this case, the super-structure is kind of agile, with each phase planned as a Gantt chart to deal with budgets and complex dependencies.
-
-### Project management tools
-
-There are literally hundreds of tools available to manage large projects with Gantt charts, and Microsoft Project is probably the most popular. It is part of the Microsoft Office family, scales to hundreds of thousands of activities, and has an incredible number of features that support almost every conceivable way to manage a project schedule. With Project, it's not always clear what is more expensive: the software license or the training courses that teach you how to use the tool.
-
-Another drawback is that Microsoft Project is a standalone desktop application, and only one person can update a schedule. You would need to buy licenses for Microsoft Project Server, Project for the web, or Microsoft Planner if you want multiple users to collaborate.
-
-Fortunately, there are open source alternatives to the proprietary tools, including the applications in this article. All are open source and include a Gantt for scheduling hierarchical activities based on resources and dependencies. ProjectLibre, GanttProject, and TaskJuggler are desktop applications for a single project manager; ProjeQtOr and Redmine are web applications for project teams, and ]project-open[ is a web application for managing entire organizations.
-
-I evaluated the tools based on a single user planning and tracking a single large project. My evaluation criteria includes Gantt editor features, availability on Windows, Linux, and macOS, scalability, import/export, and reporting. (Full disclosure: I'm the founder of ]project-open[, and I've been active in several open source communities for many years. This list includes our product, so my views may be biased, but I tried to focus on each product's best features.)
-
-### Redmine 4.1.0
-
-![Redmine][4]
-
-(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
-
-[Redmine][6] is a web-based project management tool with a focus on agile methodologies.
-
-The standard installation includes a Gantt timeline view, but it lacks fundamental features like scheduling, drag-and-drop, indent and outdent, and resource assignments. You have to edit task properties individually to change the task tree's structure.
-
-Redmine has Gantt editor plugins, but they are either outdated (e.g., [Plus Gantt][7]) or proprietary (e.g., [ANKO Gantt chart][8]). If you know of other open source Gantt editor plugins, please share them in the comments.
-
-Redmine is written in Ruby on Rails and available for Windows, Linux, and macOS. The core is available under a GPLv2 license.
-
-  * **Best for:** IT teams working using agile methodologies
-  * **Unique selling proposition:** It's the original "upstream" parent project of OpenProject and EasyRedmine.
-
-
-
-### ]project-open[ 5.1
-
-![\]project-open\[][9]
-
-(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
-
-[]project-open[][10] is a web-based project management system that takes the perspective of an entire organization, similar to an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. It can also manage project portfolios, budgets, invoicing, sales, human resources, and other functional areas. Specific variants exist for professional services automation (PSA) for running a project company, project management office (PMO) for managing an enterprise's strategic projects, and enterprise project management (EPM) for managing a department's projects.
-
-The ]po[ Gantt editor includes hierarchical tasks, dependencies, and scheduling based on planned work and assigned resources. It does not support resource calendars and non-human resources. The ]po[ system is quite complex, and the GUI might need a refresh.
-
-]project-open[ is written in TCL and JavaScript and available for Windows and Linux. The ]po[ core is available under a GPLv2 license with proprietary extensions available for large companies.
-
-  * **Best for:** Medium to large project organizations that need a lot of financial project reporting
-  * **Unique selling proposition:** ]po[ is an integrated system to run an entire project company or department.
-
-
-
-### ProjectLibre 1.9.3
-
-![ProjectLibre][11]
-
-(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
-
-[ProjectLibre][12] is probably the closest you can get to Microsoft Project in the open source world. It is a desktop application that supports all-important project planning features, including resource calendars, baselines, and cost management. It also allows you to import and export schedules using MS-Project's file format.
-
-ProjectLibre is perfectly suitable for planning and executing small or midsized projects. However, it's missing some advanced features in MS-Project, and its GUI is not the prettiest.
-
-ProjectLibre is written in Java and available for Windows, Linux, and macOS and licensed under an open source Common Public Attribution (CPAL) license. The ProjectLibre team is currently working on a Web offering called ProjectLibre Cloud under a proprietary license.
-
-  * **Best for:** An individual project manager running small to midsized projects or as a viewer for project members who don't have a full MS-Project license
-  * **Unique selling proposition:** It's the closest you can get to MS-Project with open source.
-
-
-
-### GanttProject 2.8.11
-
-![GanttProject][13]
-
-(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
-
-[GanttProject][14] is similar to ProjectLibre as a desktop Gantt editor but with a more limited feature set. It doesn't support baselines nor non-human resources, and the reporting functionality is more limited.
-
-GanttProject is a desktop application written in Java and available for Windows, Linux, and macOS under the GPLv3 license.
-
-  * **Best for:** Simple Gantt charts or learning Gantt-based project management techniques.
-  * **Unique selling proposition:** It supports program evaluation and review technique ([PERT][15]) charts and collaboration using WebDAV.
-
-
-
-### TaskJuggler 3.7.1
-
-![TaskJuggler][16]
-
-(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
-
-[TaskJuggler][17] schedules multiple parallel projects in large organizations, focusing on automatically resolving resource assignment conflicts (i.e., resource leveling).
-
-It is not an interactive Gantt editor but a command-line tool that works similarly to a compiler: It reads a list of tasks from a text file and produces a series of reports with the optimum start and end times for each task depending on the assigned resources, dependencies, priorities, and many other parameters. It supports multiple projects, baselines, resource calendars, shifts, and time zones and has been designed to scale to enterprise scenarios with many projects and resources.
-
-Writing a TaskJuggler input file with its specific syntax may be beyond the average project manager's capabilities. However, you can use ]project-open[ as a graphical frontend for TaskJuggler to generate input, including absences, task progress, and logged hours. When used this way, TaskJuggler becomes a powerful what-if scenario planner.
-
-TaskJuggler is written in Ruby and available for Windows, Linux, and macOS under a GPLv2 license.
-
-  * **Best for:** Medium to large departments managed by a true nerd
-  * **Unique selling proposition:** It excels in automatic resource-leveling.
-
-
-
-### ProjeQtOr 9.0.4
-
-![ProjeQtOr][18]
-
-(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
-
-[ProjeQtOr][19] is a web-based project management application that's suitable for IT projects. It supports risks, budgets, deliverables, and financial documents in addition to projects, tickets, and activities to integrate many aspects of project management into a single system.
-
-ProjeQtOr provides a Gantt editor with a feature set similar to ProjectLibre, including hierarchical tasks, dependencies, and scheduling based on planned work and assigned resources. However, it doesn't support in-place editing of values (e.g., task name, estimated time, etc.); users must change values in an entry form below the Gantt view and save the values.
-
-ProjeQtOr is written in PHP and available for Windows, Linux, and macOS under the Affero GPL3 license.
-
-  * **Best for:** IT departments tracking a list of projects
-  * **Unique selling proposition:** Lets you store a wealth of information for every project, keeping all information in one place.
-
-
-
-### Other tools
-
-The following systems may be valid options for specific use cases but were excluded from the main list for various reasons.
-
-![LIbrePlan][20]
-
-(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
-
-  * [**LibrePlan**][21] is a web-based project management application focusing on Gantt charts. It would have figured prominently in the list above due to its feature set, but there is no installation available for recent Linux versions (CentOS 7 or 8). The authors say updated instructions will be available soon.
-  * [**dotProject**][22] is a web-based project management system written in PHP and available under the GPLv2.x license. It includes a Gantt timeline report, but it doesn't have options to edit it, and dependencies don't work yet (they're "only partially functional").
-  * [**Leantime**][23] is a web-based project management system with a pretty GUI written in PHP and available under the GPLv2 license. It includes a Gantt timeline for milestones but without dependencies.
-  * [**Orangescrum**][24] is a web-based project-management tool. Gantt charts are available as a paid add-on or with a paid subscription.
-  * [**Talaia/OpenPPM**][25] is a web-based project portfolio management system. However, version 4.6.1 still says "Coming Soon: Interactive Gantt Charts."
-  * [**Odoo**][26] and [**OpenProject**][27] both restrict some important features to the paid enterprise edition.
-
-
-
-In this review, I aimed to include all open source project management systems that include a Gantt editor with dependency scheduling. If I missed a project or misrepresented something, please let me know in the comments.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/open-source-project-management
-
-作者：[Frank Bergmann][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://opensource.com/users/fraber
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/kanban_trello_organize_teams_520.png?itok=ObNjCpxt (Kanban-style organization action)
-[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantt_chart
-[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/agiles-vs-waterfall
-[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/redmine.png (Redmine)
-[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
-[6]: https://www.redmine.org/
-[7]: https://redmine.org/plugins/plus_gantt
-[8]: https://www.redmine.org/plugins/anko_gantt_chart
-[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/project-open.png (]project-open[)
-[10]: https://www.project-open.com
-[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/projectlibre.png (ProjectLibre)
-[12]: http://www.projectlibre.org
-[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ganttproject.png (GanttProject)
-[14]: https://www.ganttproject.biz
-[15]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_evaluation_and_review_technique
-[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/taskjuggler.png (TaskJuggler)
-[17]: https://taskjuggler.org/
-[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/projeqtor.png (ProjeQtOr)
-[19]: https://www.projeqtor.org
-[20]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/libreplan.png (LIbrePlan)
-[21]: https://www.libreplan.dev/
-[22]: https://dotproject.net/
-[23]: https://leantime.io
-[24]: https://orangescrum.org/
-[25]: http://en.talaia-openppm.com/
-[26]: https://odoo.com
-[27]: http://openproject.org
--- a/sources/tech/20210419
+++ b/sources/tech/20210419
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-[#]: subject: (Something bugging you in Fedora Linux? Let’s get it fixed!)
-[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/something-bugging-you-in-fedora-linux-lets-get-it-fixed/)
-[#]: author: (Matthew Miller https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mattdm/)
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: (DCOLIVERSUN)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-
-Something bugging you in Fedora Linux? Let’s get it fixed!
-======
-
-![][1]
-
-Software has bugs. Any complicated system is guaranteed to have at least some bits that don’t work as planned. Fedora Linux is a _very_ complicated system. It contains thousands of packages created by countless independent upstream projects around the world. There are also hundreds of updates every week. So, it’s inevitable that problems creep in. This article addresses the bug fixing process and how some bugs may be prioritized.
-
-### The release development process
-
-As a Linux distribution project, we want to deliver a polished, “everything just works” experience to our users. Our release process starts with “Rawhide”. This is our development area where we integrate new versions of all that updated free and open source software. We’re constantly improving our ongoing testing and continuous integration processes to make even Rawhide safe to use for the adventurous. By its nature, however, Rawhide will always be a little bit rough.
-
-Twice a year we take that rough operating system and branch it for a beta release, and then a final release. As we do that, we make a concerted effort to find problems. We run Test Days to check on specific areas and features. “Candidate builds” are made which are checked against our [release validation test plan][2]. We then enter a “freeze” state where only approved changes go into the candidates. This isolates the candidate from the constant development (which still goes into Rawhide!) so new problems are not introduced.
-
-Many bugs, big and small, are squashed as part of the release process. When all goes according to plan, we have a shiny new on-schedule Fedora Linux release for all of our users. (We’ve done this reliably and repeatedly for the last few years — thanks, everyone who works so hard to make it so!) If something is really wrong, we can mark it as a “release blocker”. That means we won’t ship until it’s fixed. This is often appropriate for big issues, and definitely turns up the heat and attention that bug gets.
-
-Sometimes, we have issues that are persistent. Perhaps something that’s been going on for a release or two, or where we don’t have an agreed solution. Some issues are really annoying and frustrating to many users, but individually don’t rise to the level we’d normally block a release for. We _can_ mark these things as blockers. But that is a really big sledgehammer. A blocker may cause the bug to get finally smashed, but it can also cause disruption all around. If the schedule slips, all the _other_ bug fixes and improvements, as well as features people have been working on, don’t get to users.
-
-### The Prioritized Bugs process
-
-So, we have another way to address annoying bugs! The [Prioritized Bugs process][3] is a different way to highlight issues that result in unpleasantness for a large number of users. There’s no hammer here, but something more like a spotlight. Unlike the release blocker process, the Prioritized Bugs process does not have a strictly-defined set of criteria. Each bug is evaluated based on the breadth and severity of impact.
-
-A team of interested contributors helps curate a short list of issues that need attention. We then work to connect those issues to people who can fix them. This helps take pressure off of the release process, by not tying the issues to any specific deadlines. Ideally, we find and fix things before we even get to the beta stage. We try to keep the list short, no more than a handful, so there truly is a focus. This helps the teams and individuals addressing problems because they know we’re respectful of their often-stretched-thin time and energy.
-
-Through this process, Fedora has resolved dozens of serious and annoying problems. This includes everything from keyboard input glitches to SELinux errors to that thing where gigabytes of old, obsolete package updates would gradually fill up your disk. But we can do a lot more — we actually aren’t getting as many nominations as we can handle. So, if there’s something _you_ know that’s causing long-term frustration or affecting a lot of people and yet which seems to not be reaching a resolution, follow the [Prioritized Bugs process][3] and let _us_ know.
-
-#### **You can help**
-
-All Fedora contributors are invited to participate in the Prioritized Bugs process. Evaluation meetings occur every two weeks on IRC. Anyone is welcome to join and help us evaluate the nominated bugs. See the [calendar][4] for meeting time and location. The Fedora Program Manager sends an agenda to the [triage][5] and [devel][6] mailing lists the day before meetings.
-
-### Bug reports welcome
-
-Big or small, when you find a bug, we really appreciate it if you report it. In many cases, the best place to do that is with the project that creates the software. For example, lets say there is a problem with the way the Darktable photography software renders images from your digital camera. It’s best to take that to the Darktable developers. For another example, say there’s a problem with the GNOME or KDE desktop environments or with the software that is part of them. Taking these issues to those projects will usually get you the best results.
-
-However, if it’s a Fedora-specific problem, like something with our build or configuration of the software, or a problem with how it’s integrated, don’t hesitate to [file a bug with us][7]. This is also true when there is a problem which you know has a fix that we just haven’t included yet.
-
-I know this is kind of complex… it’d be nice to have a one-stop place to handle all of the bugs. But remember that Fedora packagers — the people who do the work of taking upstream software and configuring it to build in our system — are largely volunteers. They are not always the deepest experts in the code for the software they’re working with. When in doubt, you can always file a [Fedora bug][7]. The folks in Fedora responsible for the corresponding package can help with their connections to the upstream software project.
-
-Remember, when you find a bug that’s gone through diagnosis and doesn’t yet have a good fix, when you see something that affects a lot of people, or when there’s a long-standing problem that just isn’t getting attention, please nominate it as a Prioritized Bug. We’ll take a look and see what can be done!
-
-_PS: The famous image in the header is, of course, from the logbook of the Mark II computer at Harvard where Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper worked. But contrary to popular belief about the story, this isn’t the first use of the term “bug” for a systems problem — it was already common in engineering, which is why it was funny to find a literal bug as the cause of an issue. #nowyouknow #jokeexplainer_
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://fedoramagazine.org/something-bugging-you-in-fedora-linux-lets-get-it-fixed/
-
-作者：[Matthew Miller][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mattdm/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/bugging_you-816x345.jpg
-[2]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA:Release_validation_test_plan
-[3]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/program_management/prioritized_bugs/
-[4]: https://calendar.fedoraproject.org/base/
-[5]: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/triage%40lists.fedoraproject.org/
-[6]: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/devel%40lists.fedoraproject.org/
-[7]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/howto-file-a-bug/
--- a/sources/tech/20210420
+++ b/sources/tech/20210420
@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-[#]: subject: (Application observability with Apache Kafka and SigNoz)
-[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/observability-apache-kafka-signoz)
-[#]: author: (Nitish Tiwari https://opensource.com/users/tiwarinitish86)
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: ( )
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-
-Application observability with Apache Kafka and SigNoz
-======
-SigNoz helps developers start meeting their observability goals quickly
-and with minimum effort.
-![Ship captain sailing the Kubernetes seas][1]
-
-SigNoz is an open source application observability platform. Built in React and Go, SigNoz is written from the ground up to allow developers to get started with their observability goals as soon as possible and with minimum effort.
-
-This article looks at the software in detail, including the architecture, Kubernetes-based deployment, and some common SigNoz uses.
-
-### SigNoz architecture
-
-SigNoz ties several components together to create a scalable, loosely coupled system that is easy to get started with. Some of the most important components are:
-
-  * OpenTelemetry Collector
-  * Apache Kafka
-  * Apache Druid
-
-
-
-[OpenTelemetry Collector][2] is the trace or metrics data collection engine. This enables SigNoz to ingest data in industry-standard formats, including Jaeger, Zipkin, and OpenConsensus. Then the collected data is forwarded to Apache Kafka.
-
-SigNoz uses Kafka and stream processors for real-time ingestion of high volumes of observability data. This data is then passed on to Apache Druid, which excels at storing such data for short- and long-term SQL analysis.
-
-Once the data is flattened and stored in Druid, SigNoz's query service can query and pass the data to the SigNoz React frontend. The front end then creates nice graphs for users to visualize the observability data.
-
-![SigNoz architecture][3]
-
-(Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
-
-### Install SigNoz
-
-SigNoz's components include Apache Kafka and Druid. These components are loosely coupled and work in tandem to ensure a seamless experience for the end user. Given all the components, it is best to run SigNoz as a combination of microservices on Kubernetes or Docker Compose (for local testing).
-
-This example uses a Kubernetes Helm chart-based deployment to install SigNoz on Kubernetes. As a prerequisite, you'll need a Kubernetes cluster. If you don't have a Kubernetes cluster available, you can use tools like [MiniKube][5] or [Kind][6] to create a test cluster on your local machine. Note that the machine should have at least 4GB available for this to work.
-
-Once you have the cluster available and kubectl configured to communicate with the cluster, run:
-
-
-```
-$ git clone <https://github.com/SigNoz/signoz.git> &amp;&amp; cd signoz
-
-$ helm dependency update deploy/kubernetes/platform
-
-$ kubectl create ns platform
-
-$ helm -n platform install signoz deploy/kubernetes/platform
-
-$ kubectl -n platform apply -Rf deploy/kubernetes/jobs
-
-$ kubectl -n platform apply -f deploy/kubernetes/otel-collector
-```
-
-This installs SigNoz and related containers on the cluster. To access the user interface (UI), run the `kubectl port-forward` command; for example:
-
-
-```
-`$ kubectl -n platform port-forward svc/signoz-frontend 3000:3000`
-```
-
-You should now be able to access your SigNoz dashboard using a local browser on the address `http://localhost:3000`.
-
-Now that your observability platform is up, you need an application that generates observability data to visualize and trace. For this example, you can use [HotROD][7], a sample application developed by the Jaegar team.
-
-To install it, run:
-
-
-```
-$ kubectl create ns sample-application
-
-$ kubectl -n sample-application apply -Rf sample-apps/hotrod/
-```
-
-### Explore the features
-
-You should now have a sample application with proper instrumentation up and running in the demo setup. Look at the SigNoz dashboard for metrics and trace data. As you land on the dashboard's home, you will see a list of all the configured applications that are sending instrumentation data to SigNoz.
-
-![SigNoz dashboard][8]
-
-(Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
-
-#### Metrics
-
-When you click on a specific application, you will land on the application's homepage. The Metrics page displays the last 15 minutes worth (this number is configurable) of information, like application latency, average throughput, error rate, and the top endpoints the application is accessing. This gives you a birds-eye view of the application's status. Any spikes in errors, latency, or load are immediately visible.
-
-![Metrics in SigNoz][9]
-
-(Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
-
-#### Tracing
-
-The Traces page lists every request in chronological order with high-level details. As soon as you identify a single request of interest (e.g., something taking longer than expected to complete), you can click the trace and look at individual spans for every action that happened inside that request. The drill-down mode offers thorough inspection for each request.
-
-![Tracing in SigNoz][10]
-
-(Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
-
-![Tracing in SigNoz][11]
-
-(Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
-
-#### Usage Explorer
-
-Most of the metrics and tracing data are very useful, but only for a certain period. As time passes, the data ceases to be useful in most cases. This means it is important to plan a proper retention duration for data; otherwise, you will pay more for the storage. The Usage Explorer provides an overview of ingested data per hour, day, and week.
-
-![SigNoz Usage Explorer][12]
-
-(Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
-
-### Add instrumentation
-
-So far, you've been looking at metrics and traces from the sample HotROD application. Ideally, you'll want to instrument your application so that it sends observability data to SigNoz. Do this by following the [Instrumentation Overview][13] on SigNoz's website.
-
-SigNoz supports a vendor-agnostic instrumentation library, OpenTelemetry, as the primary way to configure instrumentation. OpenTelemetry offers instrumentation libraries for various languages with support for both automatic and manual instrumentation.
-
-### Learn more
-
-SigNoz helps developers get started quickly with metrics and tracing applications. To learn more, you can consult the [documentation][14], join the [community][15], and access the source code on [GitHub][16].
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/observability-apache-kafka-signoz
-
-作者：[Nitish Tiwari][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://opensource.com/users/tiwarinitish86
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/ship_captain_devops_kubernetes_steer.png?itok=LAHfIpek (Ship captain sailing the Kubernetes seas)
-[2]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector
-[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_architecture.png (SigNoz architecture)
-[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
-[5]: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/
-[6]: https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/
-[7]: https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/tree/master/examples/hotrod
-[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_dashboard.png (SigNoz dashboard)
-[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_applicationmetrics.png (Metrics in SigNoz)
-[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_tracing.png (Tracing in SigNoz)
-[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_tracing2.png (Tracing in SigNoz)
-[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_usageexplorer.png (SigNoz Usage Explorer)
-[13]: https://signoz.io/docs/instrumentation/overview/
-[14]: https://signoz.io/docs/
-[15]: https://github.com/SigNoz/signoz#community
-[16]: https://github.com/SigNoz/signoz
--- a/sources/tech/20210420
+++ b/sources/tech/20210420
@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-[#]: subject: (Blanket: Ambient Noise App With Variety of Sounds to Stay Focused)
-[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/blanket-ambient-noise-app/)
-[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: (geekpi)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-
-Blanket: Ambient Noise App With Variety of Sounds to Stay Focused
-======
-
-_**Brief: An open-source ambient noise player offering a variety of sounds to help you focus or fall asleep.**_
-
-With the increase in the number of activities around you, it is often tough to keep calm and stay focused.
-
-Sometimes music helps, but it also distracts in some cases. But, ambient noise? That is always soothing to hear. Who doesn’t want to hear birds chirping, rain falling and crowd chattering in a restaurant? Okay, may be not the last one but listening to natural sound could help in relaxing and focusing. This indirectly boots your productivity.
-
-Recently, I came across a dedicated player which includes different sounds that could help anyone focus.
-
-### Play Different Ambient Sounds Using Blanket
-
-Blanket is an impressive ambient noise player that features different sounds that can help you fall asleep or just regain focus by helping you forget about the surrounding distractions.
-
-It includes nature sounds like rain, waves, birds chirping, storm, wind, water stream, and summer night.
-
-![][1]
-
-Also, if you are a commuter or someone comfortable in a mildly busy environment, you can find sounds for trains, boat, city, coffee shop, or a fireplace.
-
-If you are fond of white noise or pink noise, which combines all sound frequencies that humans can hear, that is available here too.
-
-It also lets you autostart every time you boot, if that is what you prefer.
-
-![][2]
-
-### Install Blanket on Linux
-
-The best way to install Blanket is from [Flathub][3]. Considering that you have [Flatpak][4] enabled, all you have to type in the terminal to install it is:
-
-```
-flatpak install flathub com.rafaelmardojai.Blanket
-```
-
-In case you’re new to Flatpak, you might want to go through our [Flatpak guide][5].
-
-If you do not prefer using Flatpaks, you can install it using a PPA maintained by a contributor in the project. For Arch Linux users, you can find it in [AUR][6] to easily install it.
-
-In addition, you can also find packages for Fedora and openSUSE. To explore all the available packages, you can head to its [GitHub page][7].
-
-**Recommended Read:**
-
-![][8]
-
-#### [Relax With Natural Sounds By Using Ambient Noise Music Player In Ubuntu][9]
-
-Listen to natural white noise music with Ambient Noise Music Player application In Ubuntu.
-
-### Closing Thoughts
-
-The user experience for a simple ambient noise player is pretty good. I have a pair of HyperX Alpha S headphones and I must mention that the quality of the sounds is good to hear.
-
-In other words, it is soothing to hear, and I will recommend you to try it out if you wanted to experience Ambient sounds to focus, get rid of your anxiety or just fall asleep.
-
-Have you tried it yet? Feel free to share your thoughts below.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://itsfoss.com/blanket-ambient-noise-app/
-
-作者：[Ankush Das][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/blanket-screenshot.png?resize=614%2C726&ssl=1
-[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/blanket-autostart-1.png?resize=514%2C214&ssl=1
-[3]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.rafaelmardojai.Blanket
-[4]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/
-[5]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
-[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
-[7]: https://github.com/rafaelmardojai/blanket
-[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Ambient_Noise_Ubuntu.jpeg?fit=700%2C350&ssl=1
-[9]: https://itsfoss.com/ambient-noise-music-player-ubuntu/
--- a/sources/tech/20210421
+++ b/sources/tech/20210421
@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-[#]: subject: (How to Delete Partitions in Linux [Beginner’s Guide])
-[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/delete-partition-linux/)
-[#]: author: (Chris Patrick Carias Stas https://itsfoss.com/author/chris/)
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: (geekpi)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-
-How to Delete Partitions in Linux [Beginner’s Guide]
-======
-
-Managing partitions is serious business, especially when you have to remove them. I find myself doing this frequently, especially after using thumb drives as live disks and Linux installers because they create several partitions that I won’t need afterwards.
-
-In this tutorial, I will show you how to remove partitions in Linux using both command line and GUI tools.
-
-  * [Delete partition in Linux with GUI tool like GParted][1]
-  * [Delete partition using Linux commands][2]
-
-
-
-Warning!
-
-You delete the partition, you lose your data. Whenever you are playing with partitions, make sure backup your data. A slight typo or slip of finger could prove costly. Don’t say we didn’t warn you!
-
-### Remove disk partition using GParted [GUI Method]
-
-As a desktop Linux user, you probably will be more comfortable and perhaps safer with a GUI-based tool.
-
-There are [several tools that let you manage partitions on Linux][3]. Depending on your distribution you will have one or even more such tool already installed on your system.
-
-For this tutorial, I am going to use [GParted][4]. It is a popular open source tool and it’s very easy and intuitive to use.
-
-The first step is [installing GParted][5] if it isn’t already in your system. You should be able to find it in the software center of your distribution.
-
-![][6]
-
-Alternatively, you can use your distribution’s package manager for installing it. In Debian and Ubuntu-based Linux distributions, you can [use the apt install command][7]:
-
-```
-sudo apt install gparted
-```
-
-Once installed, let’s open **GParted**. Since you are dealing with disk partitions, you’ll be required to have root access. It will ask for authentication and once it opens you should see a window like this one:
-
-![][8]
-
-On the right-upper corner you can select the disk and in the lower screen the partition you want to remove.
-
-Next, select the option **Delete** from the Partition menu:
-
-![][9]
-
-The process is incomplete until you rewrite the partition table. This is a safety measure and it gives you the option to review the changes before confirming it.
-
-To do this just click on the **Apply All Operations** button located in the toolbar and then **Apply** when asked for confirmation.
-
-![][10]
-
-After hitting **Apply**, you will see a progress bar and a results message saying that all the operations were successful. You can close the message and the main window and consider your partition completely deleted from our disk.
-
-Now that you are aware of the GUI method, let’s move on to the command line.
-
-### Delete partitions using fdisk command
-
-Almost every Linux distribution comes with [fdisk][11] by default and we are going to use this tool today. The first thing you need to know is what device is assigned to the disk with the partitions you want to remove. To do that, type the following in the terminal:
-
-```
-sudo fdisk --list
-```
-
-This will print all the drives and partitions in our system as well as the assigned devices. You [need to have root access][12] in order for it work.
-
-In this example, I will work with a USB drive that contains two partitions as shown below:
-
-![][13]
-
-The device assigned in the system is /sdb and it has two partitions, sdb1 and sdb2. Now that you identified which device contains the partitions, you can start working on it by using `fdisk` and the path to the device:
-
-```
-sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
-```
-
-This will start `fdisk` in command mode. You can always press `m` to see a list of options.
-
-Next, type `p` and press `Enter` to view the partition information and confirm that you are using the right device. If the wrong device is in use you can use the `q` command to exit `fdisk` and start the procedure again.
-
-Now enter `d` to delete a partition and it will immediately ask for the partition number, that corresponds to the number listed in the Device column, which in this case are numbers 1 and 2 (as can be seen in the screen capture below) but can and will vary according to the current partition table.
-
-![][14]
-
-Let’s remove the second partition by typing `2` and pressing `Enter`. You should see a message saying **“Partition 2 has been deleted**“, but actually, it hasn’t been removed yet. `fdisk` needs one more step to rewrite the partition table and apply the changes. Safety net, you see.
-
-You need to type `w` and press `Enter` to make the changes permanent. No confirmation is asked.
-
-After this, you should receive some feedback like the one here:
-
-![][15]
-
-Now, use `sudo fdisk --list /dev/sdb` to view the current partition table of the device and you can see that the second partition is completely gone. You are done removing your partition using the terminal and `fdisk` command. Success!
-
-#### Wrapping up
-
-And so I end this tutorial on how to remove partitions in Linux using both the terminal and GUI tools. Remember, stay always on the safe side, backup your files before manipulating your partitions and double check that you are using the right device. Deleting a partition will delete everything in it with little to no chance of [recovering][16] it.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://itsfoss.com/delete-partition-linux/
-
-作者：[Chris Patrick Carias Stas][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/chris/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: tmp.Q615QYIwTl#gparted
-[2]: tmp.Q615QYIwTl#fdisk
-[3]: https://itsfoss.com/partition-managers-linux/
-[4]: https://gparted.org/index.php
-[5]: https://itsfoss.com/gparted/
-[6]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/gparted-ubuntu-software-center.png?resize=800%2C348&ssl=1
-[7]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-command-guide/
-[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-004.png?resize=800%2C542&ssl=1
-[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-005.png?resize=800%2C540&ssl=1
-[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-006.png?resize=800%2C543&ssl=1
-[11]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/fdisk.8.html
-[12]: https://itsfoss.com/root-user-ubuntu/
-[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-001.png?resize=800%2C255&ssl=1
-[14]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-002.png?resize=800%2C362&ssl=1
-[15]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-003.png?resize=800%2C153&ssl=1
-[16]: https://itsfoss.com/recover-deleted-files-linux/
--- a/sources/tech/20210422
+++ b/sources/tech/20210422
@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+[#]: subject: (Restore an old MacBook with Linux)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/restore-macbook-linux)
+[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (geekpi)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Restore an old MacBook with Linux
+======
+Don't throw your old, slow MacBook into the recycling bin; extend its
+life with Linux Mint.
+![Writing Hand][1]
+
+Last year, I wrote about how you can give [new life to an old MacBook][2] with Linux, specifically Elementary OS in that instance. Recently, I returned to that circa 2015 MacBook Air and discovered I had lost my login password. I downloaded the latest Elementary OS 5.1.7 Hera release and could not get the live boot to recognize my Broadcom 4360 wireless chipset.
+
+Lately, I have been using [Linux Mint][3] to refurbish older laptops, and I thought I would give it a try on this MacBook Air. I downloaded the Linux Mint 20.1 ISO and created a USB boot drive using the [Popsicle][4] software on my Linux desktop computer.
+
+![Popsicle ISO burner][5]
+
+(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
+
+Next, I connected the Thunderbolt Ethernet adapter to the MacBook and inserted the USB boot drive. I powered on the system and pressed the Option key on the MacBook to instruct it to start it from a USB drive.
+
+Linux Mint started up nicely in live-boot mode, but the operating system didn't recognize a wireless connection.
+
+### Where's my wireless?
+
+This is because Broadcom, the company that makes WiFi cards for Apple devices, doesn't release open source drivers. This is in contrast to Intel, Atheros, and many other chip manufacturers—but it's the chipset used by Apple, so it's a common problem on MacBooks.
+
+I had a hard-wired Ethernet connection to the internet through my Thunderbolt adapter, so I _was_ online. From prior research, I knew that to get the wireless adapter working on this MacBook, I would need to issue three separate commands in the Bash terminal. However, during the installation process, I learned that Linux Mint has a nice built-in Driver Manager that provides an easy graphical user interface to assist with installing the software.
+
+![Linux Mint Driver Manager][7]
+
+(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
+
+Once that operation completed, I rebooted and brought up my newly refurbished MacBook Air with Linux Mint 20.1 installed. The Broadcom wireless adapter was working properly, allowing me to connect to my wireless network easily.
+
+### Installing wireless the manual way
+
+You can accomplish the same task from a terminal. First, purge any vestige of the Broadcom kernel source:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source`
+```
+
+Then add a firmware installer:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer`
+```
+
+Finally, install the new firmware for the system:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo apt install linux-firmware`
+```
+
+### Using Linux as your Mac
+
+I installed [Phoronix Test Suite][8] to get a good snapshot of the MacBook Air.
+
+![MacBook Phoronix Test Suite output][9]
+
+(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
+
+The system works very well. A recent update to kernel 5.4.0-64-generic revealed that the wireless connection survived, and I have an 866Mbps connection to my home network. The Broadcom FaceTime camera does not work, but everything else works fine.
+
+I really like the [Linux Mint Cinnamon 20.1][10] desktop on this MacBook.
+
+![Linux Mint Cinnamon][11]
+
+(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
+
+I recommend giving Linux Mint a try if you have an older MacBook that has been rendered slow and inoperable due to macOS updates. I am very impressed with the distribution, and especially how it works on my MacBook Air. It has definitely extended the life expectancy of this powerful little laptop.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/restore-macbook-linux
+
+作者：[Don Watkins][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/write-hand_0.jpg?itok=Uw5RJD03 (Writing Hand)
+[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary
+[3]: https://linuxmint.com/
+[4]: https://github.com/pop-os/popsicle
+[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/popsicle.png (Popsicle ISO burner)
+[6]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
+[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mint_drivermanager.png (Linux Mint Driver Manager)
+[8]: https://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/
+[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/macbook_specs.png (MacBook Phoronix Test Suite output)
+[10]: https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=284
+[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mintcinnamon.png (Linux Mint Cinnamon)
--- a/sources/tech/20210423
+++ b/sources/tech/20210423
@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+[#]: subject: (How I use OBS Studio to record videos for my YouTube channel)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/obs-youtube)
+[#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+How I use OBS Studio to record videos for my YouTube channel
+======
+Install, configure, and use Open Broadcaster Software to record how-to,
+promotional, and other types of videos.
+![Person using a laptop][1]
+
+I manage a [YouTube channel for the FreeDOS Project][2], where I record "how-to" videos with FreeDOS running inside the [QEMU][3] PC emulator software. When I started the channel in August 2019, I didn't know anything about recording videos. But with [Open Broadcaster Software][4], also called OBS Studio, I've found recording these videos to be pretty straightforward. Here's how you can do it, too.
+
+### Install OBS Studio
+
+I run Fedora Linux, which doesn't include the OBS Studio software by default. Fortunately, the OBS Studio website has an [installation guide][5] that walks you through the steps to install OBS Studio via the RPM Fusion alternative repository.
+
+If you don't already have RPM Fusion set up on your system, you can add the repository on Fedora using this one-line command:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm`
+```
+
+Once the RPM Fusion repo is set up, you can install OBS Studio with this command:
+
+
+```
+`$ sudo dnf install obs-studio`
+```
+
+If you have an NVIDIA graphics card, there's an extra step in the installation guide to install hardware-accelerated video support. But my graphics card is from Intel, so I don't need to run the extra steps.
+
+However, OBS Studio does not support [Wayland][6], at least not in the Fedora build. That means when I want to record videos with OBS Studio, I need to log into my GNOME desktop [using an Xorg session][7]. On the login screen, enter your password, click on the gear-shaped icon in the lower-right corner, and select **GNOME on Xorg**.
+
+### Configure OBS Studio
+
+The first time you launch OBS Studio, the software runs an auto-configuration wizard to determine the best settings for recording videos. This makes setup a breeze. If you're recording videos on the desktop, like I am, then click the **Optimize just for recording** radio button and click **Next**.
+
+![OBS Studio configuration][8]
+
+(Jim Hall, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
+
+OBS Studio will run through a series of automated tests before it confirms the best video settings for your system. On my system, that's 1920x1080 at 30 frames per second (fps), which is good enough for recording my videos.
+
+![OBS Studio configuration][10]
+
+(Jim Hall, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
+
+#### My setup
+
+The default OBS Studio interface shows the video front and center and positions the controls at the bottom of the screen. While this is not a bad default arrangement, you can see in my early videos that I occasionally look away from the camera as I change from a full-screen webcam video to my QEMU screen. That's because the default OBS Studio configuration places the **Scene controls** in the lower-left corner.
+
+![OBS Studio configuration][11]
+
+(Jim Hall, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
+
+Breaking virtual eye contact like this is distracting, so I wanted another way to change scenes without looking for the scene controls. I discovered that I could click and drag the OBS Studio controls to different areas on the screen. By positioning the scene controls at the top of the screen, near my computer's webcam, I don't need to look away from the camera to change scenes.
+
+![OBS Studio configuration][12]
+
+(Jim Hall, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
+
+So, my first step whenever I set up OBS Studio is to drag the controls to the top of the screen. I like to place the **Scene selector panel** in the middle, so I don't have to look very far away from my camera to change scenes. I keep the recording controls to one side because I'm never on camera when I start or stop the video, so it doesn't matter if I look away to start or stop my video recording.
+
+![OBS Studio configuration][13]
+
+(Jim Hall, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
+
+### Setting up scenes
+
+You can set up OBS Studio to support your preferred video style. When I started recording videos, I watched other how-to videos to see how they were organized. Most start with a brief introduction by the host, then switch to a hands-on demonstration, and end with a "thank you" screen to advertise the channel. I wanted to create my videos similarly, and you can do that with scenes.
+
+Each scene is a different arrangement of **sources**, or elements in the video. Each source is like a layer, so if you have multiple image or video sources, they will appear to stack on top of one another.
+
+How you define your scenes depends on the kind of video you want to make. I do a lot of hands-on demonstration videos, so I have one scene with a full-screen webcam video, another scene that's just a QEMU window, and yet another scene that's "picture-in-picture" with me over my QEMU screen. I can also set up separate scenes that show a "thank you" image and links to subscribe to my channel or to join the project on social media.
+
+With these scenes, I can record my videos as Live—meaning I don't need to edit them afterward. I can use the Scene controls in OBS Studio to switch from the **QEMU** scene to the **Full-screen webcam** screen and back to the **QEMU** screen before wrapping up with separate scenes that thank my supporters and share information about my channel. That may sound like a lot of work, but once you have the scenes set up, changing scenes is just clicking an item in the Scenes menu. That's why I like to center the Scene selector at the top of the screen, so I can easily select the scene I need.
+
+Here's what I use to record my videos and how I set up the sources in each:
+
+  * **Full-screen webcam:** I set up a webcam source from my Vitade webcam as a **video capture device** (V4L) and use the **Transform** menu (right-click) to fit the webcam to the screen. This also uses my Yeti microphone for sound as an **audio input capture** (PulseAudio).
+
+  * **QEMU:** This is where I spend most of my time in my videos. OBS Studio can use any window as a source, and I define my QEMU window as a **window capture** (Xcomposite) source. In case I need to reboot the virtual machine while I'm recording a video, I also set a Color Bars image as a background image on a layer that's "behind" the window. This also uses my Yeti microphone for sound as an **audio input capture** (PulseAudio).
+
+  * **QEMU + webcam:** My viewers tell me they like to see me on camera while I'm showing things in my QEMU window, so I defined another scene that combines the **QEMU** and **Full-screen webcam** scenes. My webcam is a small rectangle in one corner of the screen.
+
+  * **Patreon card:** At the end of my videos, I thank the people who support me on Patreon. I created a striped pattern in GIMP and set that as my background image. I then defined a **text** source where I entered a "thank you" message and a list of my patrons. As before, I set my Yeti microphone for sound as an **audio input capture** (PulseAudio).
+
+  * **End card:** As I wrap up the video, I want to encourage viewers to visit our website or join us on social media. Similar to the Patreon card scene, I use a background pattern that already includes my text and icons. But to add a little visual flair, I created a blinking cursor after our URL, as though someone had typed it in. This cursor is not actually an animation but an **image slideshow** source that uses two images: a blank rectangle and a rectangle with a cursor. The image slideshow flips between these two images, creating the appearance of a blinking cursor.
+
+
+
+
+![OBS Studio configuration][14]
+
+(Jim Hall, [CC BY-SA 4.0][9])
+
+### And action!
+
+Once I create my scene collection, I'm ready to record my videos. I usually start by talking over my QEMU window, so I click on the **QEMU** scene and then click the **Start Recording** button. After I've said a few words to set the stage for my video, I click on the **Full-screen webcam** scene to fully introduce the topic.
+
+After sharing some information about whatever I'm talking about in the video, I click on the **QEMU** scene or the **QEMU + webcam** scene. Which scene I choose depends on whether I need to be seen during the video or if the "picture-in-picture" video will obscure important text on the screen. I spend most of the how-to video in this scene, usually while playing a game, demonstrating a program, or writing a sample program.
+
+When I'm ready to wrap up, I click on the **Patreon card** scene to thank everyone who supports me on Patreon. Some patrons support me at a higher level, and they get a specific mention and their name listed on the screen. Then, I click on the **End card** scene to encourage viewers to visit our website, join us on Facebook, follow us on Twitter, and consider supporting me on Patreon. Finally, I click the **Stop Recording** button, and OBS Studio stops the video.
+
+Using OBS Studio is a great way to record videos. I've used this same method to record other videos, including pre-recorded conference talks, welcome videos for a remote symposium, and virtual lecture videos when I teach an online class.
+
+The next time you need to record a video, try OBS Studio. I think you'll find it easy to learn and use.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/obs-youtube
+
+作者：[Jim Hall][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/laptop_screen_desk_work_chat_text.png?itok=UXqIDRDD (Person using a laptop)
+[2]: https://www.youtube.com/freedosproject
+[3]: https://www.qemu.org/
+[4]: https://obsproject.com/
+[5]: https://obsproject.com/wiki/install-instructions#linux
+[6]: https://wayland.freedesktop.org/
+[7]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/configuring-xorg-as-default-gnome-session/
+[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/obs-setup-02.png (OBS Studio configuration)
+[9]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
+[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/obs-setup-09.png (OBS Studio configuration)
+[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/obs-setup-10.png (OBS Studio configuration)
+[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/obs-setup-11.png (OBS Studio configuration)
+[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/obs-setup-12.png (OBS Studio configuration)
+[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/obs-setup-18.png (OBS Studio configuration)
--- a/sources/tech/20210424
+++ b/sources/tech/20210424
@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+[#]: subject: (Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide])
+[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/)
+[#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide]
+======
+
+In my work, I often have to write code, write the documentation that goes with that code, create Web pages, and work on text restoration projects, and have written several formal papers while I was in school. I can include class notes here, too; I needed to write them for nearly every class.
+
+I use Markdown for nearly all of my writing and it is a major time-saver for me.
+
+In this article, I am going to share my experience with Markdown. You’ll be learning the following:
+
+  * What is Markdown?
+  * How does it work?
+  * Markdown basic syntax and how to use them
+
+
+
+### What is Markdown?
+
+If you are new to Markdown, it is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown files follow a specific syntax that is easy to read and just as easy to write. They are plain text files so they can be created using any text editor on any computer. These files can then be turned into Web pages – and Web pages are built using a markup called HTML.
+
+Markdown then, is just a way to create Web pages without the need (or even know how) to write HTML code. Actually, Markdown is an great way to format plain text even if you don’t have to convert to HTML. Someone once described Markdown to me this way:
+
+> “It isn’t _what you see is what you get_, but _what you see is what you mean_”.
+
+Markdown, however, is more than an easy formatting scheme, it is also a software tool that converts the plain text formatting to HTML.
+
+This is why the syntax is important. If you want a title on your Web page, Markdown will create one based on the character(s) you use in front of your title. A sampling of some of Markdown’s syntax is shown this screenshot:
+
+![Markdown to HTML conversion][1]
+
+### So how do I make this plain text to HTML conversion?
+
+John Gruber’s Markdown is a Perl script that is run on the command line. Basically, it reads the Markdown text that you create and builds a Web page from it.
+
+I will avoid the command line here since there are [many outstanding Markdown editors][2] that can do this conversion for you. Not only that, many of these editors will let you write your text and show you what the Web page will look like (called _rendering_) at the same time.
+
+Markdown editors are generally set up to show two frames. The left frame is where you write your text and the right frame shows you what the formatted text will look like in HTML:
+
+![Most Markdown editors have two panes to write and preview the text][3]
+
+When you are finished with your text and are happy with it, simply save the Markdown file. This way, you’ll always have it in case you need to edit or rewrite later. Once the file is saved, you can have the editor export the markdown file to HTML.
+
+The editor will create the Web page, using your Markdown as a reference. Your Markdown file will not be changed during an export – you will still have it – along with a separate, newly created HTML (Web page) file that you can put on a Web server.
+
+**Note**: Many Markdown editors can also export your Markdown files to other formats, such as `.doc`, `.docx`, and `.pdf`. You can learn about those advanced setups, and extra software you might need, later on.
+
+### Basic Markdown Syntax
+
+To get the new Markdown user up to speed quickly, I will limit this to cover the syntax I use most often. These, I believe will be the most helpful – you can be productive now while you learn more about what Markdown can do for you later on.
+
+#### Write Headings
+
+I normally use `#` characters to denote headings. There are six levels:
+
+```
+# Level 1 Heading
+## Level 2 Heading
+### Level 3 Heading
+#### Level 4 Heading
+##### Level 5 Heading
+###### Level 6 Heading
+```
+
+There is another heading style that uses lines underneath the text. I rarely use this type of heading since I am limited to only two. A double line, which is made with the `=` character, makes a `H1` heading. A single line, made with the `-` character, makes a `H2` heading:
+
+```
+Level 1 Heading
+===============
+
+Level 2 Heading
+---------------
+```
+
+![][4]
+
+#### Paragraphs
+
+Paragraphs are separated by a blank line (make sure that there is a blank line between paragraphs). Do not indent the first line at all. Indenting with a `<Tab>` or `<spaces>` has a different purpose in Markdown.
+
+A paragraph is a block of text and should not be indented with spaces or tabs. It can have one line or many lines. To end a paragraph and start a new one, the `<Enter>` key is hit twice; paragraphs are separated by a blank line.
+
+![][5]
+
+#### Line Breaks
+
+Remember that with paragraphs, a blank line has to separate them and this is done by pressing twice on the `<Enter>` key. Markdown is strict about it.
+
+Markdown does not support “hard-wrapped” or “fixed-line-length” paragraphs. That is, hitting the `<Enter>` key once will not force text to a new line. It may appear so in the editing window, but the HTML won’t show it.
+
+Yet, there will be times when you may need to break up paragraphs with some way to break up a line. Markdown does have a way to do this but it may seem a little strange at first: **a line break is made by ending a line with two or more spaces and then hitting the `<Enter>` key once.**
+
+![][6]
+
+Here is a working example of a short verse. Each line has two spaces at the end. The last line, since it’s the end of the verse, doesn’t have the extra spaces. Since it’s the end of the verse (paragraph), I hit the `<Enter>` key twice:
+
+Baa, baa black sheep,
+Have you any wool?.
+Yes, sir. Yes, sir.
+Three bags full.
+
+Adding two spaces at the end of a line, to create a line break, can take some getting used to.
+
+![][7]
+
+#### Horizontal Rules
+
+Horizontal rules are great for splitting up text into sections.
+
+Use three or more dashes `-`, underscores `_`, or asterisks `*` for horizontal rules, like so:
+
+```
+`---`
+
+`***`
+
+`___`
+```
+
+You can even put spaces between the characters:
+
+```
+`- - -`
+```
+
+I do not use horizontal rules very often in articles or papers, but they come in handy for me in journal entries, system logs, and class notes.
+
+![][8]
+
+#### Emphasis on text with bold and italics
+
+When you want a word or phrase to stand out and be noticed, you can either make it bold or italicized. Italics and bold text can be made on one of two ways. The first is by surrounding the text with asterisks `*`, while the second is to use underscores `_`.
+
+To italicize a word or phrase, surround the text with one underscore or asterisk. To make a word or phrase bold, surround it with two underscores or asterisks:
+
+```
+This is *italics* made with asterisks.
+
+This is _italics_ made with underscores.
+
+This is **bold** made with asterisks.
+
+This is __bold__ made with underscores.
+```
+
+Remember to use the same character. An asterisk on one side of a word or phrase, and an underscore on the side, will not work. The same character has to be on both sides of the word or phrase.
+
+![][9]
+
+#### Block quotes
+
+Block quotes are used for direct quotes. If you were writing a blog entry and you wanted to repeat something that Benjamin Franklin said, you could use a block quote.
+
+A right angle bracket is used to specify a block quote:
+
+```
+> This is a block quote.
+
+>> Use two right angle brackets if you want a block quote that is further indented.
+```
+
+![][10]
+
+#### Adding links in Markdown
+
+Links are just plain cool. There are three ways to create links on basic Markdown, but I will only cover two here: Regular links and automatic links.
+
+The third type of link, called reference links, are supported in basic Markdown and more advanced flavors. I want to get to started quickly. You can look up reference links when you are ready for that.
+
+Regular links let you link to various websites. The name of the site, or a phrase you want to use, is placed in square brackets `[]`. The actual link is inside parentheses `()`.
+
+```
+Visit [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com) today!
+```
+
+Automatic links are made with angle brackets `<>` surrounding the link. The link is an actual address (either a Web or email address). The link is spelled out and, when it is converted to HTML, the spelled out link becomes a working link.
+
+```
+<http://automatic-link-to-url.com/>
+
+<[email protected]>
+```
+
+This is useful for when you want to spell out the address in your text:
+
+![][11]
+
+#### Adding images in Markdown
+
+Links to images are almost identical to links to Web sites. The small difference between site links and images, is that image links begin with a bang (exclamation point) `!`
+
+The name of the image, or a descriptive phrase of the image, is placed in square brackets `[]`. The actual link is inside parentheses `()`.
+
+You can embed images like so:
+
+```
+![alternate text](./images/image.jpg)
+```
+
+Here’s an example image link. It is a sample link, with no image, but it is a decent sample of how an actual link might look like:
+
+```
+![a picture of bill](./images/my_photo_of_me.jpg)
+```
+
+![][12]
+
+#### Lists
+
+Lists are made for many reasons. They can be used as ‘things to do’ items, topic elements in an outline, parts lists in an assembly project, and so on. There are two main types of lists: unordered and ordered.
+
+Unordered lists are not numbered; these are the ‘bullet items’ we see in many documents. Ordered lists are numbered.
+
+To create an ordered (numbered) list, just begin each line with a number, like so:
+
+```
+1. Item one.
+2. Item two.
+3. Item three.
+```
+
+Unordered lists are not numbered, but use either an asterisk `*`, a plus sign `+`, or a minus sign `-` at the beginning of each item on the list. I prefer to use either an asterisk or minus sign, but you get to choose:
+
+```
+* Item one.
+ Item two.
+- Item three.
+```
+
+Sub-items can be added to both ordered and unordered lists by indenting, like so:
+
+```
+1. Item 1
+    1. Sub-item 1
+    2. Sub-item 2
+2. Item 2
+3. Item 3
+```
+
+![][13]
+
+### Markdown syntax cheat sheet
+
+For your reference, here is a short listing of Markdown syntax that has been covered in this small introduction.
+
+If you decide to adopt it as a writing tool, you’ll find that Markdown has the means to simplify writing even more.
+
+![][14]
+
+[Download Markdown Cheat Sheet in PDF format][15]
+
+### Conclusion
+
+Markdown can do more than what I have described here. A huge percentage of my writing can be accomplished with the Markdown syntax I have covered here – and these are the items I use most often even in more complex projects.
+
+If all of this seems too simple, it really is that easy. Markdown was built to simply the writing task, but you don’t have to take my word for it. Try it out! There is no need to install a Markdown editor; you can do this online. There are several [good online Markdown editors][16]. Here are three that I prefer:
+
+John Gruber’s [Dingus][17], [Editor.md][18], and [Dillinger][19]. Editor.md and Dillinger will let you see your Markdown rendered as HTML in real time. Dingus doesn’t preview in real time, but there is a Markdown syntax cheat sheet on the page for reference.
+
+![][20]
+
+Try out some of the examples in this article on either of these online editors. Try out some of your own ideas, too. This will let you get used to Markdown before possibly committing to learn more about it.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/
+
+作者：[Bill Dyer][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/retext_window_showing_syntax_and_preview-2.png?resize=800%2C429&ssl=1
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-markdown-editors-linux/
+[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ghostwriter_two_frames-1.png?resize=800%2C458&ssl=1
+[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1_md_headings_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C485&ssl=1
+[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2_md_paragraphs_example_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
+[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/3_md_line_break_fail_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
+[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/4_md_line_break_success_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
+[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/5_md_horizontal_rules_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C326&ssl=1
+[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/6_md_emphasis_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
+[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/7_md_blockquotes_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
+[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/8_md_links_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C678&ssl=1
+[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/9_md_images_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
+[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/10_md_lists_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
+[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/markdown-syntax-cheatsheet.png?resize=727%2C743&ssl=1
+[15]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-Qz9PX_2HksEG5D_WwN-asNB-tpjZHV/view?usp=sharing
+[16]: https://itsfoss.com/online-markdown-editors/
+[17]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus
+[18]: http://editor.md.ipandao.com/en.html
+[19]: https://dillinger.io/
+[20]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/editor-md_page_in_browser-1.png?resize=800%2C505&ssl=1
--- a/sources/tech/20210424
+++ b/sources/tech/20210424
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+[#]: subject: (Making computers more accessible and sustainable with Linux)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-free-geek)
+[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (geekpi)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Making computers more accessible and sustainable with Linux
+======
+Free Geek is a nonprofit organization that helps decrease the digital
+divide by providing Linux computers to people and groups in need.
+![Working from home at a laptop][1]
+
+There are many reasons to choose Linux for your desktop operating system. In [_Why everyone should choose Linux_][2], Opensource.com's Seth Kenlon highlighted many of the best reasons to select Linux and provided lots of ways for people to get started with the operating system.
+
+This also got me thinking about how I usually introduce folks to Linux. The pandemic has increased the need for people to go online for shopping, doing remote education, and connecting with family and friends [over video conferencing][3].
+
+I work with a lot of retirees who have fixed incomes and are not particularly tech-savvy. For most of these folks, buying a computer is a major investment fraught with concern. Some of my friends and clients are uncomfortable going to a retail store during a pandemic, and they're completely unfamiliar with what to look for in a computer, whether it's a desktop or laptop, even in non-pandemic times. They come to me with questions about where to buy one and what to look for.
+
+I'm always eager to see them get a Linux computer. Many of them cannot afford the Linux units sold by name-brand vendors. Until recently, I've been purchasing refurbished units for them and refitting them with Linux.
+
+But that all changed when I discovered [Free Geek][4], a nonprofit organization based in Portland, Ore., with the mission "to sustainably reuse technology, enable digital access, and provide education to create a community that empowers people to realize their potential."
+
+Free Geek has an eBay store where I have purchased several refurbished laptops at affordable prices. Their computers come with [Linux Mint][5] installed. The fact that a computer comes ready-to-use makes it easy to introduce [new users to Linux][6] and help them quickly experience the operating system's power.
+
+### Keeping computers in service and out of landfills
+
+Oso Martin launched Free Geek on Earth Day 2000. The organization provides classes and work programs to its volunteers, who are trained to refurbish and rebuild donated computers. Volunteers also receive a donated computer after 24 hours of service.
+
+The computers are sold in Free Geek's brick-and-mortar store in Portland and [online][7]. The organization also provides computers to people and entities in need through its programs [Plug Into Portland][8], [Gift a Geekbox][9], and [organizational][10] and [community grants][11].
+
+The organization says it has "diverted over 2 million items from landfills, granted over 75,000 technology devices to nonprofits, schools, community change organizations, and individuals, and plugged over 5,000 classroom hours from Free Geek learners."
+
+### Get involved
+
+Since its inception, Free Geek has grown from a staff of three to almost 50 and has been recognized around the world. It is a member of the City of Portland's [Digital Inclusion Network][12].
+
+You can connect with Free Geek on [Twitter][13], [Facebook][14], [LinkedIn][15], [YouTube][16], and [Instagram][17]. You can also subscribe to its [newsletter][18]. Purchasing items from Free Geek's [shop][19] directly supports its work and reduces the digital divide.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-free-geek
+
+作者：[Don Watkins][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/wfh_work_home_laptop_work.png?itok=VFwToeMy (Working from home at a laptop)
+[2]: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/try-linux
+[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/linux-laptop-video-conferencing
+[4]: https://www.freegeek.org/
+[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/restore-macbook-linux
+[6]: https://opensource.com/article/18/12/help-non-techies
+[7]: https://www.ebay.com/str/freegeekbasicsstore
+[8]: https://www.freegeek.org/our-programs/plug-portland
+[9]: https://www.freegeek.org/our-programs/gift-geekbox
+[10]: https://www.freegeek.org/our-programs-grants/organizational-hardware-grants
+[11]: https://www.freegeek.org/our-programs-grants/community-hardware-grants
+[12]: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oct/73860
+[13]: https://twitter.com/freegeekpdx
+[14]: https://www.facebook.com/freegeekmothership
+[15]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/free-geek/
+[16]: https://www.youtube.com/user/FreeGeekMothership
+[17]: https://www.instagram.com/freegeekmothership/
+[18]: https://app.e2ma.net/app2/audience/signup/1766417/1738557/?v=a
+[19]: https://www.freegeek.org/shop
--- a/sources/tech/20210425
+++ b/sources/tech/20210425
@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+[#]: subject: (Play retro video games on Linux with this open source project)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/scummvm-retro-gaming)
+[#]: author: (Joshua Allen Holm https://opensource.com/users/holmja)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Play retro video games on Linux with this open source project
+======
+ScummVM is one of the most straightforward ways to play old video games
+on modern hardware.
+![Gaming artifacts with joystick, GameBoy, paddle][1]
+
+Playing adventure games has always been a big part of my experience with computers. From the earliest text-based adventure games to 2D pixel art, full-motion video, and 3D games, the adventure game genre has provided me with a lot of fond memories.
+
+Sometimes I want to revisit those old games, but many were released before Linux was even a thing, so how do I go about replaying those games? I use [ScummVM][2], which is honestly one of my favorite open source projects.
+
+### What is ScummVM
+
+![ScummVM][3]
+
+(Joshua Allen Holm, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
+
+ScummVM is a program designed to play old adventure games on modern hardware. Originally designed to run games developed using LucasArt's Script Creation Utility for Maniac Mansion (SCUMM), ScummVM now supports many different game engines. It can play almost all of the classic Sierra On-Line and LucasArts adventure games as well as a wide selection of adventure games from other publishers. ScummVM does not support _every_ adventure game (yet), but it can be used to play hundreds of them. ScummVM is available for multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, and several game consoles.
+
+### Why use ScummVM
+
+There are plenty of ways to play old games on modern hardware, but they tend to be more complicated than using ScummVM. [DOSBox][5] can be used to play DOS games, but it requires tweaking to get the settings right so that the game plays at the right speed. Windows games can be played using [WINE][6], but that requires both the game and the game's installer to be compatible with WINE.
+
+Even if a game runs under WINE, some games still do not work well on modern hardware because the hardware is too fast. One example of this is a puzzle in King's Quest VII that involves taking a lit firecracker somewhere. On modern hardware, the firecracker explodes way too quickly, which makes it impossible to get to the right location without the character dying multiple times.
+
+ScummVM eliminates many of the problems present in other methods for playing retro adventure games. If ScummVM supports a game, it is straightforward to configure and play. In most cases, copying the game files from the original game discs to a directory and adding that directory in ScummVM is all that is needed to play the game. For games that came on multiple discs, it might be necessary to rename some files to avoid file name conflicts. The instructions for what data files are needed and any renaming instructions are documented on the ScummVM Wiki page for [each supported game][7].
+
+One of the wonderful things about ScummVM is how each new release adds support for more games. ScummVM 2.2.0 added support for a dozen interactive fiction interpreters, which means ScummVM can now play hundreds of text-based adventure games. The development branch of ScummVM, which should become version 2.3.0 soon, integrates [ResidualVM][8]'s support for 3D adventure games, so now ScummVM can be used to play Grim Fandango, Myst III: Exile, and The Longest Journey. The development branch also recently added support for games created using [Adventure Game Studio][9], which adds hundreds, possibly thousands, of games to ScummVM's repertoire.
+
+### How to install ScummVM
+
+If you want to install ScummVM from your Linux distribution's repositories, the process is very simple. You just need to run one command. However, your distribution might offer an older release of ScummVM that does not support as many games as the latest release, so do keep that in mind.
+
+**Install ScummVM on Debian/Ubuntu:**
+
+
+```
+`sudo apt install scummvm`
+```
+
+**Install ScummVM on Fedora:**
+
+
+```
+`sudo dnf install scummvm`
+```
+
+#### Install ScummVM using Flatpak or Snap
+
+ScummVM is also available as a Flatpak and as a Snap. If you use one of those options, you can use one of the following commands to install the relevant version, which should always be the latest release of ScummVM:
+
+
+```
+`flatpak install flathub org.scummvm.ScummVM`
+```
+
+or
+
+
+```
+`snap install scummvm`
+```
+
+#### Compile the development branch of ScummVM
+
+If you want to try the latest and greatest features in the not-yet-stable development branch of ScummVM, you can do so by compiling ScummVM from the source code. Do note that the development branch is constantly changing, so things might not always work correctly. If you are still interested in trying out the development branch, follow the instructions below.
+
+To start, you will need the required development tools and libraries for your distribution, which are listed on the [Compiling ScummVM/GCC page][10] on the ScummVM Wiki.
+
+Once you have the prerequisites installed, run the following commands:
+
+
+```
+git clone <https://github.com/scummvm/scummvm.git>
+
+cd scummvm
+
+./configure
+
+make
+
+sudo make install
+```
+
+### Add games to ScummVM
+
+Adding games to ScummVM is the last thing you need to do before playing. If you do not have any supported adventure games in your collection, you can download 11 wonderful games from the [ScummVM Games page][11]. You can also purchase many of the games supported by ScummVM from [GOG.com][12]. If you purchase a game from GOG.com and need to extract the game files from the GOG download, you can use the [innoextract][13] utility.
+
+Most games need to be in their own directory (the only exceptions to this are games that consist of a single data file), so it is best to begin by creating a directory to store your ScummVM games. You can do this using the command line or a graphical file manager. Where you store your games does not matter (except in the case of the ScummVM Flatpak, which is a sandbox and requires the games to be stored in the `~/Documents` directory). After creating this directory, place the data files for each game in their own subdirectories.
+
+Once the files are copied to where you want them, run ScummVM and add the game to the collection by clicking **Add Game…**, selecting the appropriate directory in the file-picker dialog box that opens, and clicking **Choose**. If ScummVM properly detects the game, it will open its settings options. You can select advanced configuration options from the various tabs if you want (which can also be changed later by using the **Edit Game…** button), or you can just click **OK** to add the game with the default options. If the game is not detected, check the [Supported Games pages][14] on the ScummVM Wiki for details about special instructions that might be needed for a particular game's data files.
+
+The only thing left to do now is select the game in ScummVM's list of games, click on **Start**, and enjoy replaying an old favorite or experiencing a classic adventure game for the first time.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/scummvm-retro-gaming
+
+作者：[Joshua Allen Holm][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/holmja
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/open_gaming_games_roundup_news.png?itok=KM0ViL0f (Gaming artifacts with joystick, GameBoy, paddle)
+[2]: https://www.scummvm.org/
+[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/scummvm.png (ScummVM)
+[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
+[5]: https://www.dosbox.com/
+[6]: https://www.winehq.org/
+[7]: https://wiki.scummvm.org/index.php?title=Category:Supported_Games
+[8]: https://www.residualvm.org/
+[9]: https://www.adventuregamestudio.co.uk/
+[10]: https://wiki.scummvm.org/index.php/Compiling_ScummVM/GCC
+[11]: https://www.scummvm.org/games/
+[12]: https://www.gog.com/
+[13]: https://constexpr.org/innoextract/
+[14]: https://wiki.scummvm.org/index.php/Category:Supported_Games
--- a/translated/talk/20200106
+++ b/translated/talk/20200106
@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: (Kevin3599)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-[#]: subject: (Open Source Supply Chain: A Matter of Trust)
-[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/)
-[#]: author: (Swapnil Bhartiya https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/)
-
-开源供应链：一个有关信任的问题
-======
-
-[![][1]][2]
-
-_**Co-authored by Curtis Franklin, Jr**_
-  
-  开源软件相比于商业性软件，通常是被认为更加安全的，因为用户可以编译软件的源代码开发者们知道在他们的开发环境中运行的代码。在他们的环境中运行的代码每个部分都可以被审查，也可以追溯每段代码的开发者。
-  
-  然而，用户和开发商们正在逐渐远离这样对软件的完全控制带来的复杂性，而在转而追求软件的便捷和易用。
- 
- VMware副总裁兼首席开源官Dirk Hohndel表示:“当我看到一个有关网络安全和隐私的演讲，然后演讲者运行‘docker run’命令来安装和运行从互联网上随机下载的二进制文件时，我感到大吃一惊。”“这两件事似乎有点不协调。”他说到。
-  
-  软件供应链——应用程序从编码、打包、分发到最终用户的过程是相当复杂的。如果其中有一环出现错误，可能会导致软件存在潜在的风险，特别是对于开源软件。黑客可以访问后端并在用户不知情或不受控的情况下向其插入任何可能的恶意代码。
-  
-  这样的问题不单单存在于云计算领域。这样的问题在现代的app开发中很常见，包括JavaScript、npm、PyPI、RubyGems等等。甚至连Mac上的homebrew曾经依赖于用户自行编译的代码。
- 
- Hohndel说:“今天，你只需要下载二进制文件并安装它，并期望其源代码并没有被恶意修改过。”“作为一个行业，我们需要更加关注我们的开源代码供应。这对我来说非常重要，我正努力让更多的人意识到其重要性。”
-  
-  然而，这不仅仅是一个二进制与源代码的等式。只运行一个二进制文件，而不必从源代码构建所有东西有着巨大的优势。当软件开发需求发生转变时候，这种运行方式允许开发人员在过程中更加灵活和响应更快。通过重用一些二进制文件，他们可以在新的开发和部署中快速地循环。
- 
- Hohndel 说："如果有办法想这些软件添加签名，并建立一个'即时'验证机制，让用户知道他们可以信任此软件。会是很好的方案。
- 
- Linux的发行版解决了这个问题，因为发行版充当了看门人的角色，负责检查进入受支持存储库的软件包的完整性。
- 
- “像通过Debian等发行版提供的软件包都用密钥签名。要确保它确实是发行版中应包含的软件，需要进行大量工作。开发者们通过这种方式解决了开源供应链问题。”Hohndel说。
- 
- 但是，即使在Linux发行版上，人们也希望简化事情，并以正确性和安全性换取速度。现在，诸如AppImage，Snap和Flatpack之类的项目已经采用了二进制搜索路由，从而将开源供应链信任问题带入了Linux发行版。而Docker容器又一次遇到了同样的问题。
- 
- “理想的解决方案是为开源社区找到一种设计信任系统的方法，该系统可以确保如果二进制文件是用受信任网络中的密钥签名的，那么它就可以被信任，并允许我们可靠地返回源头并进行审核，” Hohndel建议。
- 
- 但是，所有这些附加步骤都会导致大多数项目产生开发者不愿或无法承担的费用。一些项目正在尝试寻找解决该问题的方法。例如，NPM已开始鼓励提交软件包的用户正确认证和保护其账户安全，以提高平台的可靠性。
- 
- Hohndel致力于解决开源供应链问题，并正试图让更多开发者意识到其重要性。去年，VMware收购了Bitnami，这为管理由VMware所签名的开源软件提供了一个良机。
- 
- “我们正在与各种上游开源社区进行交流，以提高对此的认识。我们还在讨论技术解决方案，这些方案将使这些社区更容易解决潜在的开源供应链问题。” Hohndel说。
- 
- 开源社区历来致力于确保软件质量，这其中也包括安全性和隐私性。不过，Hohndel说：“我最担心的是，在对下一个新事物感到兴奋时，我们经常忽略需要的技术。”
- 
- 最终，Hohndel认为答案将来自开源社区本身。 “开源是一种工程方法论，是一种社会实验。开源就是人们之间相互信任，相互合作，跨国界，公司之间以及竞争对手之间以我们以前从未有过的方式合作。”他解释说。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/
-
-作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[Kevin3599]()
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920-1068x801.jpg (hand-1137978_1920)
-[2]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920.jpg
-[3]: https://www.swapnilbhartiya.com/open-source-leaders-dirk-hohndel-brings-open-source-to-vmware/
-[4]: https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/15/vmware-acquires-bitnami-to-deliver-packaged-applications-anywhere/
--- a/translated/tech/20201106
+++ b/translated/tech/20201106
@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: (stevenzdg988)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-[#]: subject: (11 Linux Distributions You Can Rely on for Your Ancient 32-bit Computer)
-[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/)
-[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
-
-可以在古老的 32 位计算机上使用的 11 种 Linux 发行版
-======
-
-如果您紧跟最新的[Linux 发行版][1]，那么您一定已经注意到，[大多数流行的 Linux 发行版][2]已经终止了 32 位支持。Arch Linux，Ubuntu，Fedora，每一个都已经放弃了对这种较旧架构的支持。
-
-但是，如果您拥有仍然需要再生的老式硬件，或者想将其用于某些用途，该怎么办？不用担心，还剩下一些 32 位系统选项可供选择。
-
-在本文中，我试图编译一些最好的 Linux 发行版，这些发行版将在未来几年继续支持 32 位平台。
-
-### 仍提供 32 位支持的最优 Linux 发行版
-
-![][3]
-
-此列表与[较早的支持旧笔记本电脑的 Linux 发行版列表][4]略有不同。如果 64 位计算机是在 2010 年之前发布的，那么甚至可以认为它们是过时的。这就是为什么其中列出的一些建议包括现在仅支持 64 位版本的发行版的原因。
-
-根据我的知识和认知，此处提供的信息是正确的，但是如果您发现有误，请在评论部分让我知道。
-
-在继续之前，我认为您知道[如何检查您拥有的是否是 32 位或 64 位计算机][5]。
-
-#### 1\. Debian
-
-![图片来源: mrneilypops / Deviantart][6]
-
-对于 32 位系统，Debian 是一个绝佳的选择，因为他们仍通过最新的稳定版本支持它。在撰写本文时，最新的稳定发行版 **Debian 10“buster”** 提供了32位版本，并一直支持到2024年。
-
-如果您是 Debian 的新手，值得一提的是，您可以在[官方Wiki][7]上获得有关其所有内容的可靠文档。因此，上手应该不是问题。
-
-您可以浏览[可用的安装程序][8]进行安装。但是，在开始之前，除了[安装手册][10]外，我建议您参考[安装 Debian 之前要记住的事情][9]列表。
-
-[Debian][11]
-
-#### 2\. Slax
-
-![][12]
-
-如果您只是想快速启动设备以进行一些临时工作，Slax是一个令人印象深刻的选择。
-
-它基于 Debian，但它旨在成为一种便携式且通过 USB 设备或 DVD 运行的快速选项。您可以从他们的网站免费下载 32 位 ISO 文件，或购买预装有 Slax 的可擦写 DVD /**(或)**加密的闪存盘。
-
-当然，这并不是要取代传统的桌面操作系统。但是，是的，您确实获得了以 Debian 为基础的 32 位支持。
-
-[Slax][13]
-
-#### 3\. AntiX
-
-![图片来源: Opensourcefeed(开源提供)][14]
-
-另一个令人印象深刻的基于 Debian 的发行版。AntiX 通常被称为免系统发行版，该发行版在轻量级安装的同时侧重于性能。
-
-它完全适合几乎所有老式的 32 位系统。建议至少需要 256 MB 内存和 2.7 GB 存储空间。不仅易于安装，而且用户体验也针对新手和有经验的用户。
-
-您应该根据 Debian 的最新稳定可用分支获得最新版本。
-
-[AntiX][15]
-
-#### 4\. openSUSE
-
-![][16]
-
-openSUSE 是一个独立的 Linux 发行版，也支持 32 位系统。实际上最新的常规版本（Leap）不提供 32 位映像，但滚动发行版本（Tumbleweed）确实提供了 32 位映像。
-
-如果您是新手，那将是完全不同的体验。但是，我建议您仔细阅读[为什么要使用 openSUSE 的原因。][17]
-
-它主要面向开发人员和系统管理员，但也可以将其用作普通桌面用户。值得注意的是，openSUSE 不意味在老式硬件上运行-因此必须确保至少有 2 GB 内存，40+ GB存储空间和双核处理器。
-
-[openSUSE][18]
-
-#### 5\. Emmabuntüs
-
-![][19]
-
-Emmabuntus 是一个有趣的发行版，旨在通过 32 位支持来延长硬件的使用寿命，以减少原材料的浪费。作为一个小组，他们还参与向学校提供计算机和数字技术。
-
-它提供了两个不同的版本，一个基于 Ubuntu，另一个基于 Debian。如果您需要更长久的 32 位支持，则可能要使用 Debian 版本。它可能不是最好的选择，但是它具有许多预配置的软件来简化 Linux 学习体验并提供 32 位支持，如果您希望在此过程中支持他们的事业，那么这是一个相当不错的选择。
-
-[Emmanbuntus][20]
-
-#### 6\. NixOS
-
-![Nixos KDE Edition \(图片来源: Distrowatch\)][21]
-
-NixOS 是另一个独立的支持 32 位系统的 Linux 发行版。它着重于提供一个可靠的系统，其中程序包彼此隔离。
-
-这可能不直接面向普通用户，但它是 KDE 支持的可用发行版，具有独一无二的软件包管理方法。您可以从其官方网站上了解有关其[功能][22]的更多信息。
-
-[NixOS][23]
-
-#### 7\. Gentoo Linux
-
-![][24]
-
-如果您是经验丰富的 Linux 用户，并且正在寻找 32 位 Linux 发行版，那么 Gentoo Linux 应该是一个不错的选择。
-
-如果需要，您可以使用 Gentoo Linux 通过软件包管理器轻松配置，编译和安装内核。不仅限于众所周知的可配置性，您还可以在较旧的硬件上运行而不会出现任何问题。
-
-即使您不是经验丰富的用户，也想尝试一下，只需阅读[安装说明][25]，就可以大胆尝试了。
-
-[Gentoo Linux][26]
-
-#### 8\. Devuan
-
-![][27]
-
-[Devuan][28]是另一种免系统的发行版。从技术上讲，它是 Debian的一个分支，只是没有系统化和鼓励[开始自由][29]。
-
-对于普通用户来说，它可能不是一个非常流行的 Linux 发行版，但是如果您想要免系统发行版和 32 位支持，Devuan 应该是一个不错的选择。
-
-[Devuan][30]
-
-#### 9\. Void Linux
-
-![][31]
-
-Void Linux 是由志愿者独立开发的有趣发行版。它旨在成为一个通用的 OS(操作系统)，同时提供稳定的滚动发布周期。它以 `runit`作为初始系统替代 `systemd`，并具有多个[桌面环境][32]的选项。
-
-它具有令人印象深刻的最低需求规格，只需 96 MB 的内存和 Pentium(奔腾) 4（或等效的）芯片配对。试试看吧！
-
-[Void Linux][33]
-
-#### 10\. Q4OS
-
-![][34]
-
-Q4OS 是另一个基于 Debian 的发行版，致力于提供最小和快速的桌面用户体验。它也恰好是我们列表中的[最佳轻量级 Linux 发行版][4]之一。它的 32 位版本具有[Trinity 桌面][35]，您可以在 64 位版本上找到 KDE Plasma 支持。
-
-与 Void Linux 类似，Q4OS 也至少可以运行在至少 128 MB 的内存和 300 MHz 的 CPU 上，并需要 3 GB 的存储空间。对于任何老式硬件来说，它应该绰绰有余。因此，我想说，您绝对应该尝试一下！
-
-要了解更多信息，您还可以查看[我们对 Q4OS 的回顾][36]。
-
-[Q$OS][37]
-
-#### 11: MX Linux
-
-![][38]
-
-如果有一个稍微不错的配置（不完全是老式的，而是旧的），对于 32 位系统，我个人推荐 MX Linux。对于每种类型的用户，它也都会成为[最佳 Linux 发行版][2]之一。
-
-通常，MX Linux 是基于 Debian 的出色的轻量级和可自定义发行版。您可以选择从 KDE，XFCE 或 Fluxbox（这是它们自己的用于较旧硬件的桌面环境）中进行选择。您可以在他们的官方网站上找到更多关于它的信息，然后尝试一下。
-
-[MX Linux][39]
-
-### 荣誉提名：Funtoo
-
-Funtoo 是基于 Gentoo 社区开发的 Linux 发行版。它着重于为您提供 Gentoo Linux 的最佳性能以及一些额外的软件包，以使用户获得完整的体验。有趣的是，该开发实际上是由 Gentoo Linux 的创建者丹尼尔·罗宾斯（Daniel Robbins）领导的。
-
-当然，如果您不熟悉 Linux，那么这里可能没有最好的体验。但是，它确实支持 32 位系统，并且可以在许多较旧的 Intel/AMD 芯片组上很好地工作。
-
-[Funtoo][40]
-
-### 总结
-
-我将列表集中在基于 Debian 的发行版和一些独立发行版上。但是，如果您不介意长期支持条款，而只想获得 32 位受支持的映像，也可以尝试使用任何基于 Ubuntu 18.04 的发行版（或任何官方版本）。
-
-在撰写本文时，他们只剩下几个月的软件支持。因此，我避免将其作为主要选项提及。但是，如果您喜欢基于 Ubuntu 18.04 的发行版或其它任何版本，可以选择 [LXLE][41]，[Linux Lite][42]，[Zorin Lite 15][43]及其他官方版本。
-
-即使大多数基于 Ubuntu 的现代桌面操作系统都放弃了对 32 位的支持。您仍然有很多选项可以选择。
-
-在 32 位系统上更喜欢哪一个？在下面的评论中让我知道您的想法。
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/
-
-作者：[Ankush Das][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-linux-distribution/
-[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-distributions/
-[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/32-bit-linux.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
-[4]: https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
-[5]: https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-64-bit-ubuntu/
-[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/debian-screenshot.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
-[7]: https://wiki.debian.org/FrontPage
-[8]: https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/debian-installer/
-[9]: https://itsfoss.com/before-installing-debian/
-[10]: https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/installmanual
-[11]: https://www.debian.org/
-[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/slax-screenshot.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
-[13]: https://www.slax.org
-[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/antiX-19-1.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
-[15]: https://antixlinux.com
-[16]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/opensuse-15-1.png?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
-[17]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-opensuse/
-[18]: https://www.opensuse.org/
-[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Emmabuntus-xfce.png?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
-[20]: https://emmabuntus.org/
-[21]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/nixos-kde.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
-[22]: https://nixos.org/features.html
-[23]: https://nixos.org/
-[24]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/gentoo-linux.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
-[25]: https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/
-[26]: https://www.gentoo.org
-[27]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/devuan-beowulf.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
-[28]: https://itsfoss.com/devuan-3-release/
-[29]: https://www.devuan.org/os/init-freedom
-[30]: https://www.devuan.org
-[31]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/void-linux.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
-[32]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-desktop-environments/
-[33]: https://voidlinux.org/
-[34]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/q4os8Debonaire.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
-[35]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Desktop_Environment
-[36]: https://itsfoss.com/q4os-linux-review/
-[37]: https://q4os.org/index.html
-[38]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mx-linux-19-2-kde.jpg?resize=800%2C452&ssl=1
-[39]: https://mxlinux.org/
-[40]: https://www.funtoo.org/Welcome
-[41]: https://www.lxle.net/
-[42]: https://www.linuxliteos.com
-[43]: https://zorinos.com/download/15/lite/32/
--- a/translated/tech/20201204
+++ b/translated/tech/20201204
@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
-[#]: translator: (stevenzdg988)
-[#]: reviewer: ( )
-[#]: publisher: ( )
-[#]: url: ( )
-[#]: subject: (9 Open Source Forum Software That You Can Deploy on Your Linux Servers)
-[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/open-source-forum-software/)
-[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
-
-9 个可以在 Linux 服务器上部署的开源论坛软件
-======
-
-_**是否想要建立社区论坛或客户支持门户站点？以下是一些可以在服务器上部署的最佳开源论坛软件。**_
-
-就像我们的 [FOSS 社区][1]论坛一样，重要的是随时建立一个让志趣相投的人可以讨论，互动和寻求支持的平台。
-
-论坛为用户（或客户）提供了一个满足他们大部分在 Internet(互联网)上不容易找到的东西(软件)的空间。
-
-如果您是一家企业，则可以聘请开发人员团队并按照自己的方式建立自己的论坛，但这会增加大量预算。
-
-幸运的是，您可以在服务器上部署多种出色的开源论坛软件，而且一切顺利！在此过程中，您将节省很多钱，但仍能获得所需的东西(软件)。
-
-在这里，我列出了可以在 Linux 服务器上安装的最佳开源论坛软件列表。
-
-### 建立社区门户的最佳开源论坛软件
-
-![][2]
-
-如果您尚未建立过网站，则在部署论坛之前，可能需要看一下[某些开源网站创建工具][3]。
-
-_**注意:** 列表没有特定的排名顺序。_
-
-#### 1\. Discourse (现代和流行)
-
-![][4]
-
-Discourse 是人们用来部署配置讨论平台的最流行的现代论坛软件。实际上，我们的[FOSS 社区][1]论坛使用了 Discourse 平台。
-
-它提供了我所知道的大多数基本功能，包括电子邮件通知，审核工具，样式自定义选项，像 Slack/WordPress 的第三方集成，甚至更多。
-
-它是完全免费的自我托管，您也可以在 [GitHub][5]上找到该项目。如果您要减少将其部署在自托管服务器上的麻烦，可以决定选择 [Discourse 提供的自托管服务][6]（肯定会很昂贵）。
-
-[Discourse][7]
-
-#### 2\. Talkyard (来自 Discourse 和 StackOverflow 的灵感)
-
-![][8]
-
-Talkyard 是完全免费使用的开源项目。它看起来很像“ Discourse ”，但是如果您对其进行检查，则会有区别。
-
-您可以在这从 StackOverflow 获得大多数关键功能，以及在论坛平台上期望得到的所有基本功能。它可能不是一个流行的论坛解决方案，但是如果您想要类似于 Discourse 的功能以及一些有趣的功能，那么值得尝试一下。
-
-您可以在他们的 [GitHub 页面][9] 中进一步了解它。
-
-[Talkyard][10]
-
-#### 3\. NodeBB (现代且功能齐全)
-
-![][11]
-
-NodeBB 是基于[Node.js][12]的开源论坛软件。它的目标是简单，简洁和快速。首先，它面向可用的托管计划的组织和企业。但是，您也可以选择自己托管它。
-
-您还可以获得具有聊天和通知支持的实时本地分析功能。它还提供一个 API 将其与现有产品中的任何一个集成。它还支持审核工具和打击垃圾邮件的工具。
-
-您可以获得一些立即可用的第三方集成支持，例如 WordPress，Mailchimp 等。
-
-请在它们的[GitHub页面][13]或官方网站上进一步了解它。
-
-[NodeBB][14]
-
-#### 4\. Vanilla 论坛（企业版）
-
-![][15]
-
-Vanilla Forums 主要是一款企业版的论坛软件，具有标记平台的基本功能，为客户提供问答，还可以对帖子进行投票。
-
-用户体验具有现代的外观，并且已被像 EA，Adobe 和其他一些大公司使用。
-
-当然，如果您想尝试基于云的 Vanilla 论坛（由专业团队管理）以及对某些高级功能的访问权，请随时请求演示。无论哪种情况，您都可以选择社区版，该社区版可以免费使用大多数负责自托管和管理的最新功能。
-
-您可以在他们的官方网站和[GitHub 页面][16]上进一步了解它。
-
-[Vanilla 论坛][17]
-
-**推荐阅读:**
-
-![][18]
-
-#### [建立在线购物网站的最佳开源电子商务平台][19]
-
-想要创建一个在线购物网站吗？以下是一些可以在自己的 Linux 服务器上部署的开源电子商务平台。
-
-#### 5\. bbPress (来自 WordPress)
-
-![][20]
-
-bbPress 是由 WordPress 的创建者构建的可靠论坛软件。旨在提供一个简单而活泼的论坛体验。
-
-用户界面看起来很老旧，但易于使用，并提供了您通常在论坛软件中需要的基本功能。审核工具既简单又易于设置。您可以使用可用的插件扩展功能，并从几个可用的主题中进行选择以调整论坛的外观。
-
-如果您只想要一个没有花哨功能的简单论坛平台，bbPress 应该是完美的。您也可以查看他们的[GitHub 页面][21]了解更多信息。
-
-[bbPress][22]
-
-#### 6\. phpBB (经典论坛软件)
-
-![][23]
-
-如果您想要传统的论坛设计而只想要基本功能，则 phpBB 软件是一个不错的选择。当然，您可能无法获得最佳的用户体验或功能，但是作为传统设计论坛平台，它是实用的并且非常有效。
-
-尤其是，对于习惯使用传统方法的用户而言，这将是一种简单而有效的解决方案。
-
-不仅限于简单，而且与普通托管服务提供商一起设置起来更容易。您可以在每个共享主机平台上获得一键式安装功能，因此也不需要太多的技术知识来进行设置。
-
-您可以在他们的官方网站或[GitHub 页面][24]上找到更多有关它的信息。
-
-[phpBB][25]
-
-#### 7\. Simple Machines 论坛（另一个经典）
-
-![][26]
-
-与 phpBB 类似，Simple Machines (简单机器)论坛是论坛平台的另一种基本（或简单）实现。您可能无法长期（至少不容易）自定义外观，但是默认外观是干净的，并提供了良好的用户体验。
-
-就个人而言，相比 php BB 我更喜欢它，但是您可以前往他们的[官方网站][27]进行进一步的探索。同样，您可以使用一键安装方法在任何共享的托管服务上轻松安装 Simple Machines 论坛。
-
-[Simple Machines 论坛][27]
-
-#### 8\. FluxBB (old school)
-
-![][28]
-
-FluxBB 是另一个简单，轻量级的开源论坛。与其他的相比，它可能维护的不是非常活跃，但是如果您只想部署一个由几个用户组成的基本论坛，则可以轻松尝试一下。
-
-您可以在他们的官方网站和 [GitHub 页面][29]上找到更多有关它的信息。
-
-[FluxBB][30]
-
-#### 9\. MyBB (不太受欢迎，但值得一看)
-
-![][31]
-
-MyBB 是一款独特的开源论坛软件，它提供多种样式，并包含您需要的基本功能。
-
-从插件支持和审核工具开始，您将获得管理大型社区所需的一切。它还支持类似于 Discourse 和类似论坛软件面向个人用户的私人消息传递。
-
-它可能不是一个流行的选项，但是它可以检查大多数用例，并且完全免费。您可能获得支持并在 [GitHub][32]上探索该项目。
-
-[MyBB][33]
-
-#### 额外收获: Flarum (测试版)
-
-![][34]
-
-如果您想要更简单和独特的(论坛)，请看一下 Flarum。它是一款轻量级的论坛软件，旨在以移动为先，同时提供快速的体验。
-
-它支持某些第三方集成，也可以使用扩展来扩展功能。就我个人而言，它看起来很漂亮。我没有机会尝试它，您可以看一下它的[文档][35]，可以肯定地认为它具有论坛所需的所有必要功能的特征。
-
-值得注意的是 Flarum 是相当新的，因此仍处于测试阶段。您可能需要先将其部署在测试服务器上测试后再应用到生产环境。请查看其 [GitHub 页面][36]了解更多详细信息。
-
-[Flarum][37]
-
-无法自我托管？让我们来帮助您
-
-部署开源应用程序和管理 Linux 服务器需要专业知识和花费一些时间。如果两者都不缺，但仍然希望拥有自己的开源软件实例，我们可以为您提供帮助。
-通过我们的新项目 [High on Cloud][38]，您可以在发展社区论坛的过程中将部署和服务器管理部分留给我们。
-
-### 总结
-
-大多数开源论坛软件都为基本用例提供几乎相同的功能。如果您正在寻找特定的内容，则可能需要浏览其文档。
-
-就个人而言，我推荐 Discourse。它很流行，外观现代，拥有大量的用户基础。
-
-您认为最好的开源论坛软件是什么？我是否错过了你的偏爱？在下面的评论中让我知道。
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-forum-software/
-
-作者：[Ankush Das][a]
-选题：[lujun9972][b]
-译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
-[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
-[1]: https://itsfoss.community/
-[2]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/open-source-forum-software.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
-[3]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-cms/
-[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/itsfoss-community-discourse.jpg?resize=800%2C561&ssl=1
-[5]: https://github.com/discourse/discourse
-[6]: https://discourse.org/buy
-[7]: https://www.discourse.org/
-[8]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/talkyard-forum.jpg?resize=800%2C598&ssl=1
-[9]: https://github.com/debiki/talkyard
-[10]: https://www.talkyard.io/
-[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/nodebb.jpg?resize=800%2C369&ssl=1
-[12]: https://nodejs.org/en/
-[13]: https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB
-[14]: https://nodebb.org/
-[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/vanilla-forums.png?resize=800%2C433&ssl=1
-[16]: https://github.com/Vanilla
-[17]: https://vanillaforums.com/en/
-[18]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/open-source-eCommerce.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
-[19]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-ecommerce/
-[20]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/bbpress.jpg?resize=800%2C552&ssl=1
-[21]: https://github.com/bbpress
-[22]: https://bbpress.org/
-[23]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/phpBB.png?resize=798%2C600&ssl=1
-[24]: https://github.com/phpbb/phpbb
-[25]: https://www.phpbb.com/
-[26]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/simplemachines.jpg?resize=800%2C343&ssl=1
-[27]: https://www.simplemachines.org/
-[28]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/FluxBB.jpg?resize=800%2C542&ssl=1
-[29]: https://github.com/fluxbb/fluxbb/
-[30]: https://fluxbb.org/
-[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/mybb-example.png?resize=800%2C461&ssl=1
-[32]: https://github.com/mybb/mybb
-[33]: https://mybb.com/
-[34]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/flarum-screenshot.png?resize=800%2C503&ssl=1
-[35]: https://docs.flarum.org/
-[36]: https://github.com/flarum
-[37]: https://flarum.org/
-[38]: https://highoncloud.com/
--- a/translated/tech/20210317
+++ b/translated/tech/20210317
@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+[#]: subject: (My favorite open source project management tools)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/open-source-project-management)
+[#]: author: (Frank Bergmann https://opensource.com/users/fraber)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (stevenzdg988)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+我最喜欢的开源项目管理工具
+======
+如果您要管理大型复杂的项目，请尝试利用开源选项替换 Microsoft Project(微软项目管理软件)。
+![看板式组织活动][1]
+
+诸如建造卫星，开发机器人或推出新产品之类的项目都是昂贵的，涉及不同的提供商，并且包含必须跟踪的硬依赖性。
+
+大型项目领域中的项目管理方法非常简单（至少在理论上如此）。您可以创建项目计划并将其拆分为较小的部分，直到您可以合理地将成本，持续时间，资源和依赖性分配给各种活动。一旦项目计划获得负责人的批准，您就可以使用它来跟踪项目的执行情况。在时间轴上绘制项目的所有活动将产生一个称为[Gantt chart(甘特图表)][2]的条形图。
+
+Gantt(甘特)图一直用于[瀑布项目方法][3]，也可以被灵活地使用。例如，大型项目可能将 Gantt chart (甘特图)用于 Scrum 冲刺，而忽略其他像用户需求这样的细节，从而嵌入灵活的阶段。其他大型项目可能包括多个产品版本（例如，最低可行产品 [MVP]，第二版本，第三版本等）。在这种情况下，上层结构对灵活性友善，用每个阶段计划作为 Gantt chart (甘特图)处理预算和复杂的依赖关系。
+
+### 项目管理工具
+
+不夸张地说，有数百种可用工具使用 Gantt chart (甘特图)管理大型项目，Microsoft Project(微软项目管理软件)可能是最受欢迎的工具。它是 Microsoft Office(微软办公软件)系列(家族)的一部分，可扩展到成千上万的活动，并且具有众多(难以置信的数量)功能，可支持几乎所有可能的方式来管理项目进度表。对于 Project(微软项目管理软件)并不总是清楚什么更昂贵：软件许可或如何使用该工具的培训课程。
+
+另一个缺点是 Microsoft Project 是一个独立的桌面应用程序，只有一个人可以更新进度表。如果要多个用户进行协作，则需要购买 Microsoft Project Server，Web 版的 Project(微软项目管理软件) 或 Microsoft Planner 的许可证。
+
+幸运的是，专有工具还有开源的替代品，包括本文中的应用程序。所有这些都是开源的，并且包括用于安排基于资源和依赖项分层活动的 Gantt (甘特图)。 ProjectLibre，GanttProject 和 TaskJuggler 是单个项目管理的桌面应用程序。ProjeQtOr 和 Redmine 是用于项目团队的 Web 应用程序，而 ]project-open[ 是用于管理整个组织的 Web 应用程序。
+
+我根据一个单用户计划并跟踪一个大型项目评估了这些工具。我的评估标准包括 Gantt 编辑器功能，Windows，Linux 和 macOS 上的可用性，可扩展性，导入/导出和报告。（完全披露：我是 ]project-open[ 的创始人，并且我在多个开源社区中活跃了很多年。此列表包括我们的产品，因此我的观点可能有偏见，但我尝试着眼于每个产品的最佳功能。）
+
+### Redmine 4.1.0
+
+![Redmine][4]
+
+(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
+
+[Redmine][6]是一个基于 Web 的专注于灵活原则的项目管理工具。
+
+标准安装包括 Gantt (甘特图)时间轴视图，但缺少诸如调度，拖放，缩进(缩排和凸排)以及资源分配之类的基本功能。您必须单独编辑任务属性才能更改任务树的结构。
+
+Redmine 具有 Gantt (甘特图)编辑器插件，但是它们已经过时（例如 [Plus Gantt][7]）或专有（例如 [ANKO Gantt 图表][8]）。如果您知道其他开源 Gantt 编辑器插件，请在评论中分享它们。
+
+Redmine 用 Ruby 的 Rails 框架编写，可用于 Windows，Linux 和 macOS。该内核已获得 GPLv2 许可。
+
+  * **最适合：** 使用灵活方法的 IT 团队
+  * **独特的销售主张：** 这是 OpenProject 和 EasyRedmine 的最初“上游”父项目。
+
+### ]project-open[ 5.1
+
+![\]project-open\[][9]
+
+(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
+
+[]project-open[][10]是一个基于 Web 的项目管理系统，它具有整个组织的透视图，类似于企业资源计划（ERP）系统。它还可以管理项目档案，预算，发票，销售，人力资源和其他功能领域。存在用于运行项目公司的专业服务自动化（PSA），用于管理企业战略项目的项目管理办公室（PMO）和用于管理部门项目的企业项目管理（EPM）的特定变体。
+
+Gantt 编辑器包括按等级划分的任务，依赖关系和基于计划的工作和分配资源的计划。它不支持资源日历和非人力资源。]po[ 系统非常复杂，GUI 可能需要刷新。
+
+]project-open[ 用 TCL 和 JavaScript 编写，可用于 Windows 和 Linux。 ]po[ 核心已获得 GPLv2 许可，并具有适用于大公司的专有扩展。
+
+  * **最适合：** 需要大量财务项目报告的中大型项目组织
+  * **独特的销售主张：** ]po[ 是运行整个项目公司或部门的集成系统。
+
+
+### ProjectLibre 1.9.3
+
+![ProjectLibre][11]
+
+(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
+
+在开源世界中，[ProjectLibre][12] 可能是最接近 Microsoft Project 的产品。它是一个桌面应用程序，支持所有重要的项目计划功能，包括资源日历，基线和成本管理。它还允许您使用 MS-Project 的文件格式导入和导出计划。
+
+ProjectLibre 非常适合计划和执行中小型项目。然而，它缺少 MS-Project 中的一些高级功能，并且它的 GUI 并不是最漂亮的。
+
+ProjectLibre 用 Java 编写，可用于 Windows，Linux 和macOS，并已获得开放源代码通用公共属性（CPAL）许可证。ProjectLibre 团队目前正在专有许可下开发名为 ProjectLibre Cloud 的 Web 产品。
+
+  * **最适合：** 个人项目经理，负责中小型项目，或者作为没有完整的 MS-Project 许可证的项目成员的查看者
+  * **独特的销售主张：** 这是使用开源软件可以最接近 MS-Project。
+
+### GanttProject 2.8.11
+
+![GanttProject][13]
+
+(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
+
+[GanttProject][14] 与 ProjectLibre 类似，但它是桌面 Gantt (甘特图)编辑器，但功能集更为有限。 它不支持基线，也不支持非人力资源，并且报告功能受到更多限制。
+
+GanttProject 是一个用 Java 编写的桌面应用程序，可在 GPLv3 许可下用于 Windows，Linux 和 macOS。
+
+  * **最适合：**  Simple Gantt (甘特图)或学习基于 Gantt 的项目管理技术。
+  * **独特的销售主张：** 它支持程序评估和审阅技术（[PERT][15]）图表以及使用 WebDAV 的协作。
+
+### TaskJuggler 3.7.1
+
+![TaskJuggler][16]
+
+(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
+
+[TaskJuggler][17]在大型组织中安排多个并行项目，重点是自动解决资源分配冲突（即资源均衡）。
+
+它不是交互式的 Gantt 编辑器，而是类似于编译器的命令行工具：它从文本文件中读取任务列表，并生成一系列报告，这些报告根据分配的资源，依赖项，优先级和许多其他参数为每个任务提供最佳的开始和结束时间。它支持多个项目，基线，资源日历，班次和时区，并且已设计为可扩展到具有许多项目和资源的企业方案。
+
+使用特定语法编写 TaskJuggler 输入文件可能超出了普通项目经理的能力。但是，您可以使用 ]project-open[ 作为 TaskJuggler 的图形前端来生成输入，包括缺勤，任务进度和记录的工作时间。当以这种方式使用时，TaskJuggler 成为功能强大的假设情景规划师。
+
+TaskJuggler 用 Ruby 编写，并且在 GPLv2 许可下可用于 Windows，Linux 和 macOS。
+
+  * **最适合：** 由真正的书呆子管理的中大型部门
+  * **独特的销售主张：** 它在自动资源均衡方面表现出色。
+
+### ProjeQtOr 9.0.4
+
+![ProjeQtOr][18]
+
+(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
+
+[ProjeQtOr][19] 是适用于 IT 项目的基于 Web 的项目管理应用程序。除项目，工单和活动外，它还支持风险，预算，可交付成果和财务文件，以将项目管理的许多方面集成到单个系统中。
+
+ProjeQtOr 为 Gantt 编辑器提供了与 ProjectLibre 类似的功能集，包括按等级划分的任务，依赖关系以及基于计划工作和分配资源。但是，它不支持值的就地编辑（例如，任务名称，估计时间等）；用户必须在 Gantt 视图下方的输入表单中更改值，然后保存值。
+
+ProjeQtOr 用 PHP 编写，并且在 Affero GPL3 许可下可用于 Windows，Linux 和 macOS。
+
+  * **最适合：** IT 部门跟踪项目列表
+  * **独特的销售主张：** 让您为每个项目存储大量信息，将所有信息保存在一个地方。
+
+### 其他工具
+
+对于特定的用例，以下系统可能是有效的选项，但由于各种原因，它们被排除在主列表之外。
+
+![LIbrePlan][20]
+
+(Frank Bergmann, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
+
+  * [**LibrePlan**][21] 是一个基于 Web 的项目管理应用程序，致力于 Gantt 图。由于其功能集，它在上面的列表中会占主导地位，但是没有可用于最新 Linux 版本（CentOS 7 或 8）的安装。作者说，更新的说明将很快推出。
+   * [**dotProject**][22] 是一个用 PHP 编写的基于 Web 的项目管理系统，可在 GPLv2.x 许可下使用。它包含一个 Gantt 时间轴报告，但是没有编辑它的选项，并且依赖项还不起作用（它们“仅部分起作用”）。
+
+  * [**Leantime**][23] 是一个基于 Web 的项目管理系统，具有漂亮的用 PHP 编写的 GUI，并且可以在 GPLv2 许可下使用。它包括用于时间表的没有依赖关系 Gantt 时间线。
+  * [**Orangescrum**][24] 是基于 Web 的项目管理工具。Gantt 图可以作为付费附件或付费订阅使用。
+  * [**Talaia/OpenPPM**][25] 是一个基于 Web 的项目组合管理系统。但是，版本 4.6.1 仍显示“即将推出：交互式 Gantt 图”。
+  * [**Odoo**][26] 和 [**OpenProject**][27]都将某些重要功能限制在付费企业版中。
+
+在这篇评论中，目的是包括所有带有 Gantt 编辑器和依赖调度的开源项目管理系统。如果我错过了一个项目或歪曲了一些东西，请在评论中让我知道。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/open-source-project-management
+
+作者：[Frank Bergmann][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/fraber
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/kanban_trello_organize_teams_520.png?itok=ObNjCpxt (Kanban-style organization action)
+[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantt_chart
+[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/agiles-vs-waterfall
+[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/redmine.png (Redmine)
+[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
+[6]: https://www.redmine.org/
+[7]: https://redmine.org/plugins/plus_gantt
+[8]: https://www.redmine.org/plugins/anko_gantt_chart
+[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/project-open.png (]project-open[)
+[10]: https://www.project-open.com
+[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/projectlibre.png (ProjectLibre)
+[12]: http://www.projectlibre.org
+[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ganttproject.png (GanttProject)
+[14]: https://www.ganttproject.biz
+[15]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_evaluation_and_review_technique
+[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/taskjuggler.png (TaskJuggler)
+[17]: https://taskjuggler.org/
+[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/projeqtor.png (ProjeQtOr)
+[19]: https://www.projeqtor.org
+[20]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/libreplan.png (LIbrePlan)
+[21]: https://www.libreplan.dev/
+[22]: https://dotproject.net/
+[23]: https://leantime.io
+[24]: https://orangescrum.org/
+[25]: http://en.talaia-openppm.com/
+[26]: https://odoo.com
+[27]: http://openproject.org
--- a/translated/tech/20210419
+++ b/translated/tech/20210419
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+[#]: subject: (Something bugging you in Fedora Linux? Let’s get it fixed!)
+[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/something-bugging-you-in-fedora-linux-lets-get-it-fixed/)
+[#]: author: (Matthew Miller https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mattdm/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (DCOLIVERSUN)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Fedora Linux 中有 Bug 吗？一起来修复它！
+======
+
+![][1]
+
+软件有 bug。任何复杂系统都无法保证每个部分都能按计划工作。Fedora Linux是一个 _非常_ 复杂的系统，包含几千个包，这些包由全球无数独立上游项目创建。每周还有数百个更新。因此，问题是不可避免的。本文介绍了 bug 修复过程以及如何确定 bug 优先级。
+
+### 发布开发过程
+
+作为 Linux 发行项目，我们希望为用户提供完善的、一切正常的体验。我们的发布起始于 “Rawhide”。我们在 Rawhide 中集成了所有更新的免费、开源软件，这些软件都是新版本的。我们一直在不断改进正在进行的测试和<ruby>持续集成<rt>Continuous Integration</rt></ruby>过程，为了让 Rawhide 可以安全地用来做任何冒险行为。可是，从本质来讲，Rawhide 始终有点粗糙。
+
+一年内我们两次把这个粗糙的操作系统先后分支到测试版本、最终版本。当我们这么做时，我们齐心协力地寻找问题。我们在<ruby>测试日<rt>Test Days</rt></ruby>检查特定的区域和功能。“Candidate builds” 是根据我们的[发布验证测试计划][2]进行检测的。然后我们进入<ruby>冻结状态<rt>freeze state</rt></ruby>，只有批准的更改可以并入候选版本。这就把候选版本从不断发展的版本中隔离开来，不断发展的版本并入 Rawhide 中。所以，不会引入新的问题。
+
+在发布过程中许多 bug 被压缩，这些 bug 有大有小。当一切按计划进行时，我们为所有用户提供了按计划发布的崭新的 Fedora Linux版本。（在过去几年里，我们已经可靠地重复这一动作——感谢每个人的努力，我们做到了！）如果确实有问题，我们可以将其标记为<ruby>发布阻碍<rt>release blocker</rt></ruby>。这就意味着我们要等到修复后才能发布。发布阻碍通常代表重大问题，该表达一定会引发对 bug 的关注。
+
+有时，我们遇到的问题是持续存在的。可能是一两个版本正在发布的内容，或者是我们没有达成共识的解决方案。有些问题确实困扰着许多用户，但个别问题并没有达到阻碍发布的程度。我们可以将这些东西标记为<ruby>阻碍<rt>blocker</rt></ruby>。但这会像锤子一样砸下来。阻碍可能导致最终破坏该 bug ，但也可能导致周围的破坏。如果进度落后，用户不会对其他所有 bug 修复、改进感兴趣的，更不会对一直开发的特性感兴趣。
+
+### 按优先顺序排列 bug 流程
+
+所以，我们有另一种方法来解决烦人的 bug。[按优先顺序排列 bug 流程][3]与其他方式不同，可以标出导致大量用户不满意的问题。这里没有锤子，更像是聚光灯。与发布阻碍不同，按优先顺序排列 bug 流程没有一套严格定义的标准。每个 bug 都是根据影响范围和严重性来评估的。
+
+一组有兴趣的贡献者帮助策划一个简短列表，上面罗列着需要注意的问题。然后，我们的工作是将问题匹配到能够解决它们的人。这有助于减轻发布过程中的压力，因为它没有给问题指定任何特定的截止时间。理论上，我们甚至在进入测试阶段之前就发现并解决问题。我们尽量保持列表简短，不会超过几个，这样才会真正有重点。这种做法有助于团队和个人解决问题，因为他们知道我们尊重他们捉襟见肘的时间与精力。
+
+通过这个过程，Fedora 解决了几十个严重而恼人的问题，包括从键盘输入故障到 SELinux 错误，再到千兆字节大小的旧包更新会逐渐填满你的磁盘。但是我们可以做得更多——我们实际上没有收到处理能力上限数量的提案。因此，如果你知道有什么事情导致了长期挫折或影响了很多人，至今没有达成解决方案，遵循[按优先顺序排列 bug 流程][3]，提交给我们。
+
+### **你可以帮助**
+
+邀请所有 Fedora 贡献者参与按优化顺序排列 bug 流程。每两周评估会议在 IRC 上举办。欢迎任何人加入并帮助我们评估指定的 bug。请参阅[日历][4]了解会议时间和地点。Fedora 程序管理器在会议开始的前一天将议程发送到[分类][5]和[开发][6]邮件列表。
+
+### 欢迎报告 bug
+
+当你发现 bug 时，无论大小，我们很感激你能报告 bug。在很多情况下，解决 bug 最好的方式是回到创建该软件的项目中。例如，假设渲染数据相机照片的暗室摄影软件出了问题，最好把它带给暗室摄影软件的开发人员。再举个例子，假设 GNOME 或 KDE 桌面环境或组成部分软件出了问题，将这些问题带到这些项目中通常会得到最好的结果。
+
+然而， 如果这是一个特定的 Fedora 问题，比如我们的软件构建或配置或者它集成的问题，毫不犹豫地[向我们提交 bug][7]。当你知道我们还没有解决的问题时，也要提交给我们。
+
+我知道这很复杂... 最好有一个一站式的地方来处理所有 bug。但是请记住，Fedora 包装者大部分是志愿者，他们负责获取上游软件并将其配置到我们系统中。即便是对我们正在使用的软件，他们也不总是最了解代码的专家。有疑问的时候，你可以随时提交一个 [Fedora bug][7]。Fedora 中负责相应包的人员可以协助把它们连接到上游软件项目中。
+
+请记住，当你发现一个已通过但尚未得到良好修复的 bug 时，当你看到影响很多人的问题时，或者当有一个长期存在的问题没有得到关注时，请将其指定为高优先级 bug。我们来看看能做些什么！
+
+_附言：标题中的著名图片当然是来自哈佛大学马克 2 号计算机的日志，这里曾是格蕾丝·赫柏少将工作的地方。但是与这个故事的普遍看法相背，这并不是 “bug” 一词第一次用于系统问题——它在工程中已经很常见了，发现字面上的 bug 代表问题原因这一现象是很有趣的，这就是原因。 #nowyouknow #jokeexplainer_
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://fedoramagazine.org/something-bugging-you-in-fedora-linux-lets-get-it-fixed/
+
+作者：[Matthew Miller][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[DCOLIVERSUN](https://github.com/DCOLIVERSUN)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mattdm/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/bugging_you-816x345.jpg
+[2]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA:Release_validation_test_plan
+[3]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/program_management/prioritized_bugs/
+[4]: https://calendar.fedoraproject.org/base/
+[5]: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/triage%40lists.fedoraproject.org/
+[6]: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/devel%40lists.fedoraproject.org/
+[7]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/howto-file-a-bug/
--- a/translated/tech/20210420
+++ b/translated/tech/20210420
@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+[#]: subject: (Application observability with Apache Kafka and SigNoz)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/observability-apache-kafka-signoz)
+[#]: author: (Nitish Tiwari https://opensource.com/users/tiwarinitish86)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (geekpi)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+使用 Apache Kafka 和 SigNoz 实现应用可观测性
+======
+SigNoz 帮助开发者使用最小的精力快速实现他们的可观测性目标。
+![Ship captain sailing the Kubernetes seas][1]
+
+SigNoz 是一个开源的应用可观察性平台。SigNoz 是用 React 和 Go 编写的，它从头到尾都是为了让开发者能够以最小的精力尽快实现他们的可观察性目标。
+
+本文将详细介绍该软件，包括架构、基于 Kubernetes 的部署以及一些常见的 SigNoz 用途。
+
+### SigNoz 架构
+
+SigNoz 将几个组件捆绑在一起，创建了一个可扩展的、耦合松散的系统，很容易上手使用。其中一些最重要的组件有：
+
+  * OpenTelemetry Collector
+  * Apache Kafka
+  * Apache Druid
+
+
+
+[OpenTelemetry Collector][2] 是跟踪或度量数据收集引擎。这使得 SigNoz 能够以行业标准格式获取数据，包括 Jaeger、Zipkin 和 OpenConsensus。之后，收集的数据被转发到 Apache Kafka。
+
+SigNoz 使用 Kafka 和流处理器来实时获取大量的可观测数据。然后，这些数据被传递到 Apache Druid，它擅长于存储这些数据，用于短期和长期的 SQL 分析。
+
+当数据被扁平化并存储在 Druid 中，SigNoz 的查询服务可以查询并将数据传递给 SigNoz React 前端。然后，前端为用户创建漂亮的图表，使可观察性数据可视化。
+
+![SigNoz architecture][3]
+
+（Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]）
+
+### 安装 SigNoz
+
+SigNoz 的组件包括 Apache Kafka 和 Druid。这些组件是松散耦合的，并协同工作，以确保终端用户的无缝体验。鉴于这些组件，最好将 SigNoz 作为 Kubernetes 或 Docker Compose（用于本地测试）上的微服务组合来运行。
+
+这个例子使用基于 Kubernetes Helm Chart 的部署在 Kubernetes 上安装 SigNoz。作为先决条件，你需要一个 Kubernetes 集群。如果你没有可用的 Kubernetes 集群，你可以使用 [MiniKube][5] 或 [Kind][6] 等工具，在你的本地机器上创建一个测试集群。注意，这台机器至少要有 4GB 的可用空间才能工作。
+
+当你有了可用的集群，并配置了 kubectl 来与集群通信，运行：
+
+
+```
+$ git clone <https://github.com/SigNoz/signoz.git> &amp;&amp; cd signoz
+
+$ helm dependency update deploy/kubernetes/platform
+
+$ kubectl create ns platform
+
+$ helm -n platform install signoz deploy/kubernetes/platform
+
+$ kubectl -n platform apply -Rf deploy/kubernetes/jobs
+
+$ kubectl -n platform apply -f deploy/kubernetes/otel-collector
+```
+
+这将在集群上安装 SigNoz 和相关容器。要访问用户界面 （UI），运行 `kubectl port-forward` 命令。例如：
+
+
+```
+`$ kubectl -n platform port-forward svc/signoz-frontend 3000:3000`
+```
+
+现在你应该能够使用本地浏览器访问你的 SigNoz 仪表板，地址为 `http://localhost:3000`。
+
+现在你的可观察性平台已经建立起来了，你需要一个能产生可观察性数据的应用来进行可视化和追踪。对于这个例子，你可以使用 [HotROD][7]，一个由 Jaegar 团队开发的示例应用。
+
+要安装它，请运行：
+
+
+```
+$ kubectl create ns sample-application
+
+$ kubectl -n sample-application apply -Rf sample-apps/hotrod/
+```
+
+### 探索功能
+
+现在你应该有一个已经安装合适仪表的应用，并可在演示设置中运行。看看 SigNoz 仪表盘上的指标和跟踪数据。当你登录到仪表盘的主页时，你会看到一个所有已配置的应用列表，这些应用正在向 SigNoz 发送仪表数据。
+
+![SigNoz dashboard][8]
+
+（Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]）
+
+#### 指标
+
+当你点击一个特定的应用时，你会登录到该应用的主页上。指标页面显示最近 15 分钟的信息（这个数字是可配置的），如应用的延迟、平均吞吐量、错误率和应用目前访问最高的接口。这让你对应用的状态有一个大概了解。任何错误、延迟或负载的峰值都可以立即看到。
+
+![Metrics in SigNoz][9]
+
+（Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]）
+
+#### 追踪
+
+追踪页面按时间顺序列出了每个请求的高层细节。当你发现一个感兴趣的请求（例如，比预期时间长的东西），你可以点击追踪，查看该请求中发生的每个行为的单独时间跨度。下探模式提供了对每个请求的彻底检查。
+
+![Tracing in SigNoz][10]
+
+（Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]）
+
+![Tracing in SigNoz][11]
+
+（Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]）
+
+#### 用量资源管理器
+
+大多数指标和跟踪数据都非常有用，但只在一定时期内有用。随着时间的推移，数据在大多数情况下不再有用。这意味着为数据计划一个适当的保留时间是很重要的。否则，你将为存储支付更多的费用。用量资源管理器提供了每小时、每一天和每一周获取数据的概况。
+
+![SigNoz Usage Explorer][12]
+
+（Nitish Tiwari, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]）
+
+### 添加仪表
+
+到目前为止，你一直在看 HotROD 应用的指标和追踪。理想情况下，你会希望对你的应用进行检测，以便它向 SigNoz 发送可观察数据。参考 SigNoz 网站上的[仪表概览][13]。
+
+SigNoz 支持一个与供应商无关的仪表库，OpenTelemetry，作为配置仪表的主要方式。OpenTelemetry 提供了各种语言的仪表库，支持自动和手动仪表。
+
+### 了解更多
+
+SigNoz 帮助开发者快速开始度量和跟踪应用。要了解更多，你可以查阅 [文档][14]，加入[社区][15]，并访问 [GitHub][16] 上的源代码。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/observability-apache-kafka-signoz
+
+作者：[Nitish Tiwari][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/tiwarinitish86
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/ship_captain_devops_kubernetes_steer.png?itok=LAHfIpek (Ship captain sailing the Kubernetes seas)
+[2]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector
+[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_architecture.png (SigNoz architecture)
+[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
+[5]: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/
+[6]: https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/
+[7]: https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/tree/master/examples/hotrod
+[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_dashboard.png (SigNoz dashboard)
+[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_applicationmetrics.png (Metrics in SigNoz)
+[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_tracing.png (Tracing in SigNoz)
+[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_tracing2.png (Tracing in SigNoz)
+[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signoz_usageexplorer.png (SigNoz Usage Explorer)
+[13]: https://signoz.io/docs/instrumentation/overview/
+[14]: https://signoz.io/docs/
+[15]: https://github.com/SigNoz/signoz#community
+[16]: https://github.com/SigNoz/signoz
--- a/translated/tech/20210420
+++ b/translated/tech/20210420
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+[#]: subject: (Blanket: Ambient Noise App With Variety of Sounds to Stay Focused)
+[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/blanket-ambient-noise-app/)
+[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (geekpi)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+Blanket：拥有各种环境噪音的应用，帮助保持注意力集中
+======
+
+_**简介：一个开源的环境噪音播放器，提供各种声音，帮助你集中注意力或入睡。**_
+
+随着你周围活动的增加，要保持冷静和专注往往是很困难的。
+
+有时，音乐会有所帮助，但在某些情况下也会分散注意力。但是，环境噪音如何？这总是让人听起来很舒心。谁不想在餐厅里听到鸟叫声、雨滴声和人群的交谈声？好吧，可能不是最后一个，但听自然的声音可以帮助放松和集中注意力。这间接地提高了你的工作效率。
+
+最近，我发现了一个专门的播放器，其中包含了不同的声音，可以帮助任何人集中注意力。
+
+### 使用 Blanket 播放不同的环境声音
+
+Blanket 是一个令人印象深刻的环境噪音播放器，它具有不同的声音，可以帮助你入睡或只是通过帮助你忘记周围的干扰来重获注意力。
+
+它包括自然界的声音，像雨声、海浪声、鸟鸣声、风暴声、风声、水流声、夏夜声。
+
+![][1]
+
+此外，如果你是一个通勤者或在轻微繁忙的环境中感到舒适的人，你可以找到火车、船、城市、咖啡馆或壁炉的声音。
+
+如果你喜欢白噪声或粉红噪声，它结合了人类能听到的所有声音频率，这里也可以找到。
+
+它还可以让你在每次开机时自动启动，如果你喜欢这样的话。
+
+![][2]
+
+### 在 Linux 上安装 Blanket
+
+安装 Blanket 的最好方法是来自 [Flathub][3]。考虑到你已经启用了 [Flatpak][4]，你只需在终端键入以下命令就可以安装它：
+
+```
+flatpak install flathub com.rafaelmardojai.Blanket
+```
+
+如果你是 Flatpak 的新手，你可能想通过我们的 [Flatpak 指南][5]了解。
+
+如果你不喜欢使用 Flatpaks，你可以使用该项目中的贡献者维护的 PPA 来安装它。对于 Arch Linux 用户，你可以在 [AUR][6] 中找到它，以方便安装。
+
+此外，你还可以找到 Fedora 和 openSUSE 的软件包。要探索所有可用的软件包，你可以前往其 [GitHub 页面][7]。
+
+### 结束语
+
+对于一个简单的环境噪音播放器来说，用户体验是相当好的。我有一副 HyperX Alpha S 耳机，我必须要说声音的质量很好。
+
+换句话说，它听起来很舒缓，如果你想体验环境声音来集中注意力，摆脱焦虑或只是睡着，我建议你试试。
+
+你试过它了吗？欢迎在下面分享你的想法。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/blanket-ambient-noise-app/
+
+作者：[Ankush Das][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/blanket-screenshot.png?resize=614%2C726&ssl=1
+[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/blanket-autostart-1.png?resize=514%2C214&ssl=1
+[3]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.rafaelmardojai.Blanket
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
+[7]: https://github.com/rafaelmardojai/blanket
--- a/translated/tech/20210421
+++ b/translated/tech/20210421
@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+[#]: subject: (How to Delete Partitions in Linux [Beginner’s Guide])
+[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/delete-partition-linux/)
+[#]: author: (Chris Patrick Carias Stas https://itsfoss.com/author/chris/)
+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: (geekpi)
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+
+如何在 Linux 中删除分区（初学者指南）
+======
+
+管理分区是一件严肃的事情，尤其是当你不得不删除它们时。我发现自己经常这样做，特别是在使用 U 盘作为实时磁盘和 Linux 安装程序之后，因为它们创建了几个我以后不需要的分区。
+
+在本教程中，我将告诉你如何使用命令行和 GUI 工具在 Linux 中删除分区。
+
+  * [用 GParted 等 GUI 工具删除 Linux 中的分区][1]
+  * [使用 Linux 命令删除分区][2] 
+
+
+
+警告!
+
+你删除了分区，就会失去你的数据。无论何时，当你在操作分区时，一定要备份你的数据。一个轻微的打字错误或手滑都可能是昂贵的。不要说我们没有警告你！
+
+### 使用 GParted 删除磁盘分区 （GUI 方法）
+
+作为一个桌面 Linux 用户，你可能会对基于 GUI 的工具感到更舒服，也许更安全。
+
+有[几个让你在 Linux 上管理分区的工具][3]。根据你的发行版，你的系统上已经安装了一个甚至多个这样的工具。
+
+在本教程中，我将使用 [GParted][4]。它是一个流行的开源工具，使用起来非常简单和直观。
+
+第一步是[安装 GParted][5]，如果它还没有在你的系统中。你应该能够在你的发行版的软件中心找到它。
+
+![][6]
+
+或者，你也可以使用你的发行版的软件包管理器来安装它。在基于 Debian 和 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版中，你可以[使用 apt install 命令][7]：
+
+```
+sudo apt install gparted
+```
+
+安装完毕后，让我们打开 **GParted**。由于你正在处理磁盘分区，你需要有 root 权限。它将要求进行认证，打开后，你应该看到一个类似这样的窗口：
+
+![][8]
+
+在右上角，你可以选择磁盘，在下面选择你想删除的分区。
+
+接下来，从分区菜单中选择 **Delete** 选项：
+
+![][9]
+
+这个过程是不完整的，直到你重写分区表。这是一项安全措施，它让你在确认之前可以选择审查更改。
+
+要完成它，只需点击位于工具栏中的 **Apply All Operations** 按钮，然后在要求确认时点击 **Apply**。
+
+![][10]
+
+点击 **Apply** 后，你会看到一个进度条和一个结果消息说所有的操作都成功了。你可以关闭该信息和主窗口，并认为你的分区已从磁盘中完全删除。
+
+现在你已经知道了 GUI 的方法，让我们继续使用命令行。
+
+### 使用 fdisk 命令删除分区
+
+几乎每个 Linux 发行版都默认带有 [fdisk][11]，我们今天就来使用这个工具。你需要知道的第一件事是，你想删除的分区被分配到哪个设备上了。为此，在终端输入以下内容：
+
+```
+sudo fdisk --list
+```
+
+这将打印出我们系统中所有的驱动器和分区，以及分配的设备。你[需要有 root 权限][12]，以便让它发挥作用。
+
+在本例中，我将使用一个包含两个分区的 USB 驱动器，如下图所示：
+
+![][13]
+
+系统中分配的设备是 /sdb，它有两个分区，sdb1 和 sdb2。现在你已经确定了哪个设备包含这些分区，你可以通过使用 `fdisk` 和设备的路径开始操作：
+
+```
+sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
+```
+
+这将在命令模式下启动 `fdisk`。你可以随时按 `m` 来查看选项列表。
+
+接下来，输入 `p`，然后按`回车`查看分区信息，并确认你正在使用正确的设备。如果使用了错误的设备，你可以使用 `q` 命令退出 `fdisk` 并重新开始。
+
+现在输入 `d` 来删除一个分区，它将立即询问分区编号，这与 “Device” 列中列出的编号相对应，在这个例子中是 1 和 2（在下面的截图中可以看到），但是可以也会根据当前的分区表而有所不同。
+
+![][14]
+
+让我们通过输入 `2` 并按下`回车`来删除第二个分区。你应该看到一条信息：**“Partition 2 has been deleted”**，但实际上，它还没有被删除。`fdisk` 还需要一个步骤来重写分区表并应用这些变化。你看，这就是完全网。
+
+你需要输入 `w`，然后按`回车`来使这些改变成为永久性的。没有再要求确认。
+
+在这之后，你应该看到下面这样的反馈：
+
+![][15]
+
+现在，使用 `sudo fdisk --list /dev/sdb` 查看该设备的当前分区表，你可以看到第二个分区已经完全消失。你已经完成了使用终端和 `fdisk` 命令来删除你的分区。成功了！
+
+#### 总结
+
+这样，我结束了这个关于如何使用终端和 GUI 工具在 Linux 中删除分区的教程。记住，要始终保持安全，在操作分区之前备份你的文件，并仔细检查你是否使用了正确的设备。删除一个分区将删除其中的所有内容，而几乎没有[恢复][16]的机会。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/delete-partition-linux/
+
+作者：[Chris Patrick Carias Stas][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/chris/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: tmp.Q615QYIwTl#gparted
+[2]: tmp.Q615QYIwTl#fdisk
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/partition-managers-linux/
+[4]: https://gparted.org/index.php
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/gparted/
+[6]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/gparted-ubuntu-software-center.png?resize=800%2C348&ssl=1
+[7]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-command-guide/
+[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-004.png?resize=800%2C542&ssl=1
+[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-005.png?resize=800%2C540&ssl=1
+[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-006.png?resize=800%2C543&ssl=1
+[11]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/fdisk.8.html
+[12]: https://itsfoss.com/root-user-ubuntu/
+[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-001.png?resize=800%2C255&ssl=1
+[14]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-002.png?resize=800%2C362&ssl=1
+[15]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/removing-partitions-linux-003.png?resize=800%2C153&ssl=1
+[16]: https://itsfoss.com/recover-deleted-files-linux/