Merge pull request #13995 from lujun9972/add-MjAxOTA2MTAgU2NyZWVuIENvbW1hbmQgRXhhbXBsZXMgVG8gTWFuYWdlIE11bHRpcGxlIFRlcm1pbmFsIFNlc3Npb25zLm1kCg==

选题: 20190610 Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sess…
2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00 · 2019-06-11 00:34:29 +08:00 · 2019-06-11 00:34:29 +08:00 · 1e90e3ffa7
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+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+[#]: subject: (Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions)
+[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/)
+[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
+
+Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions
+======
+
+![Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions][1]
+
+**GNU Screen** is a terminal multiplexer (window manager). As the name says, Screen multiplexes the physical terminal between multiple interactive shells, so we can perform different tasks in each terminal session. All screen sessions run their programs completely independent. So, a program or process running inside a screen session will keep running even if the session is accidentally closed or disconnected. For instance, when [**upgrading Ubuntu**][2] server via SSH, Screen command will keep running the upgrade process just in case your SSH session is terminated for any reason.
+
+The GNU Screen allows us to easily create multiple screen sessions, switch between different sessions, copy text between sessions, attach or detach from a session at any time and so on. It is one of the important command line tool every Linux admins should learn and use wherever necessary. In this brief guide, we will see the basic usage of Screen command with examples in Linux.
+
+### Installing GNU Screen
+
+GNU Screen is available in the default repositories of most Linux operating systems.
+
+To install GNU Screen on Arch Linux, run:
+
+```
+$ sudo pacman -S screen
+```
+
+On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:
+
+```
+$ sudo apt-get install screen
+```
+
+On Fedora:
+
+```
+$ sudo dnf install screen
+```
+
+On RHEL, CentOS:
+
+```
+$ sudo yum install screen
+```
+
+On SUSE/openSUSE:
+
+```
+$ sudo zypper install screen
+```
+
+Let us go ahead and see some screen command examples.
+
+### Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions
+
+The default prefix shortcut to all commands in Screen is **Ctrl+a**. You need to use this shortcut a lot when using Screen. So, just remember this keyboard shortcut.
+
+##### Create new Screen session
+
+Let us create a new Screen session and attach to it. To do so, type the following command in terminal:
+
+```
+screen
+```
+
+Now, run any program or process inside this session. The running process or program will keep running even if you’re disconnected from this session.
+
+##### Detach from Screen sessions
+
+To detach from inside a screen session, press **Ctrl+a** and **d**. You don’t have to press the both key combinations at the same time. First press **Ctrl+a** and then press **d**. After detaching from a session, you will see an output something like below.
+
+```
+[detached from 29149.pts-0.sk]
+```
+
+Here, **29149** is the **screen ID** and **pts-0.sk** is the name of the screen session. You can attach, detach and kill Screen sessions using either screen ID or name of the respective session.
+
+##### Create a named session
+
+You can also create a screen session with any custom name of your choice other than the default username like below.
+
+```
+screen -S ostechnix
+```
+
+The above command will create a new screen session with name **“xxxxx.ostechnix”** and attach to it immediately. To detach from the current session, press **Ctrl+a** followed by **d**.
+
+Naming screen sessions can be helpful when you want to find which processes are running on which sessions. For example, when a setup LAMP stack inside a session, you can simply name it like below.
+
+```
+screen -S lampstack
+```
+
+##### Create detached sessions
+
+Sometimes, you might want to create a session, but don’t want to attach it automatically. In such cases, run the following command to create detached session named **“senthil”** :
+
+```
+screen -S senthil -d -m
+```
+
+Or, shortly:
+
+```
+screen -dmS senthil
+```
+
+The above command will create a session called “senthil”, but won’t attach to it.
+
+##### List Screen sessions
+
+To list all running sessions (attached or detached), run:
+
+```
+screen -ls
+```
+
+Sample output:
+
+```
+There are screens on:
+    29700.senthil   (Detached)
+    29415.ostechnix (Detached)
+    29149.pts-0.sk  (Detached)
+3 Sockets in /run/screens/S-sk.
+```
+
+As you can see, I have three running sessions and all are detached.
+
+##### Attach to Screen sessions
+
+If you want to attach to a session at any time, for example **29415.ostechnix** , simply run:
+
+```
+screen -r 29415.ostechnix
+```
+
+Or,
+
+```
+screen -r ostechnix
+```
+
+Or, just use the screen ID:
+
+```
+screen -r 29415
+```
+
+To verify if we are attached to the aforementioned session, simply list the open sessions and check.
+
+```
+screen -ls
+```
+
+Sample output:
+
+```
+There are screens on:
+        29700.senthil   (Detached)
+        29415.ostechnix (Attached)
+        29149.pts-0.sk  (Detached)
+3 Sockets in /run/screens/S-sk.
+```
+
+As you see in the above output, we are currently attached to **29415.ostechnix** session. To exit from the current session, press ctrl+a, d.
+
+##### Create nested sessions
+
+When we run “screen” command, it will create a single session for us. We can, however, create nested sessions (a session inside a session).
+
+First, create a new session or attach to an opened session. I am going to create a new session named “nested”.
+
+```
+screen -S nested
+```
+
+Now, press **Ctrl+a** and **c** inside the session to create another session. Just repeat this to create any number of nested Screen sessions. Each session will be assigned with a number. The number will start from **0**.
+
+You can move to the next session by pressing **Ctrl+n** and move to previous by pressing **Ctrl+p**.
+
+Here is the list of important Keyboard shortcuts to manage nested sessions.
+
+  * **Ctrl+a ”** – List all sessions
+  * **Ctrl+a 0** – Switch to session number 0
+  * **Ctrl+a n** – Switch to next session
+  * **Ctrl+a p** – Switch to the previous session
+  * **Ctrl+a S** – Split current region horizontally into two regions
+  * **Ctrl+a l** – Split current region vertically into two regions
+  * **Ctrl+a Q** – Close all sessions except the current one
+  * **Ctrl+a X** – Close the current session
+  * **Ctrl+a \** – Kill all sessions and terminate Screen
+  * **Ctrl+a ?** – Show keybindings. To quit this, press ENTER.
+
+
+
+##### Lock sessions
+
+Screen has an option to lock a screen session. To do so, press **Ctrl+a** and **x**. Enter your Linux password to lock the screen.
+
+```
+Screen used by sk <sk> on ubuntuserver.
+Password:
+```
+
+##### Logging sessions
+
+You might want to log everything when you’re in a Screen session. To do so, just press **Ctrl+a** and **H**.
+
+Alternatively, you can enable the logging when starting a new session using **-L** parameter.
+
+```
+screen -L
+```
+
+From now on, all activities you’ve done inside the session will recorded and stored in a file named **screenlog.x** in your $HOME directory. Here, **x** is a number.
+
+You can view the contents of the log file using **cat** command or any text viewer applications.
+
+![][3]
+
+Log screen sessions
+
+* * *
+
+**Suggested read:**
+
+  * [**How To Record Everything You Do In Terminal**][4]
+
+
+
+* * *
+
+##### Kill Screen sessions
+
+If a session is not required anymore, just kill it. To kill a detached session named “senthil”:
+
+```
+screen -r senthil -X quit
+```
+
+Or,
+
+```
+screen -X -S senthil quit
+```
+
+Or,
+
+```
+screen -X -S 29415 quit
+```
+
+If there are no open sessions, you will see the following output:
+
+```
+$ screen -ls
+No Sockets found in /run/screens/S-sk.
+```
+
+For more details, refer man pages.
+
+```
+$ man screen
+```
+
+There is also a similar command line utility named “Tmux” which does the same job as GNU Screen. To know more about it, refer the following guide.
+
+  * [**Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions**][5]
+
+
+
+**Resource:**
+
+  * [**GNU Screen home page**][6]
+
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/
+
+作者：[sk][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Screen-Command-Examples-720x340.jpg
+[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-upgrade-to-ubuntu-18-04-lts-desktop-and-server/
+[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Log-screen-sessions.png
+[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/record-everything-terminal/
+[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/tmux-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/
+[6]: https://www.gnu.org/software/screen/