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sources/tech/20200701 How to install Java on a Mac.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (Yufei-Yan)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to install Java on a Mac)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/install-java-mac)
[#]: author: (Daniel Oh https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh)
How to install Java on a Mac
======
macOS users can run the open source release of Java as well as newer
frameworks for cloud-native development.
![Coffee and laptop][1]
In late May, [Java][2] celebrated its 25th anniversary, and to commemorate the occasion, developers around the world used the hashtag [#MovedByJava][3] to share their achievements, memories, and insights with the programming language.
> My timeline:
>
> * 1999 Started learning Java
> * 2007 Created [@grailsframework][4]
> * 2008 Cofounded G2One
> * 2009 Acquired by SpringSource
> * 2015 Joined [@ObjectComputing][5]
> * 2018 Created [@micronautfw][6] / won [@groundbreakers][7] award
> * 2019 Became [@Java_Champions][8]
>
> Thank u [@java][9]![#MovedByJava][10]
>
> — Graeme Rocher (@graemerocher) [May 21, 2020][11]
Over the years, many technologies and trends have contributed to the Java stack's development, deployment, and ability to run multiple applications on standard application servers. Building container images for [Kubernetes][12] enables Java developers to package and deploy [microservices][13] in multiple cloud environments rather than running several application servers on virtual machines.
![Timeline of technology contributions to Java][14]
(Daniel Oh, [CC BY-SA 4.0][15])
With these technologies, the Java application stack has been optimized to run larger heaps and highly dynamic frameworks that can make decisions at runtime. Unfortunately, those efforts weren't good enough to make Java the preferred programming language for developers to implement cloud-native Java applications for serverless and event-driven platforms. Other languages filled in the space, particularly JavaScript, Python, and Go, with Rust and WebAssembly offering new alternatives.
Despite this competition, [cloud-native Java][16] is making an impact on cloud-centric software development. Luckily, new Java frameworks (e.g., [Quarkus][17], [Micronaut][18], and [Helidon][19]) have recently broken through the challenges by offering smaller applications that compile faster and are designed with distributed systems in mind.
### How to install Java on macOS
This future for Java development starts with more people installing and using Java. So I will walk through installing and getting started with the Java development environment on macOS. (If you are running Linux, please see Seth Kenlon's article [_How to install Java on Linux_][20].)
#### Install OpenJDK from a Brew repository
Homebrew is the de-facto standard package manager for macOS. If you haven't installed it yet, Matthew Broberg's [_Introduction to Homebrew_][21] walks you through the steps.
Once you have Homebrew on your Mac, use the `brew` command to install [OpenJDK][22], which is the open source way to write Java applications:
```
`$ brew cask install java`
```
In just a few minutes, you will see:
```
`🍺 java was successfully installed!`
```
Confirm that OpenJDK installed correctly with `$ java -version`:
```
$ java -version
openjdk version "14.0.1" 2020-04-14
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 14.0.1+7)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.0.1+7, mixed mode, sharing
```
The output confirms OpenJDK 14 (the latest version, as of this writing) is installed.
#### Install OpenJDK from a binary
If you are not a fan of package management and prefer managing Java yourself, there's always the option to download and install it manually.
I found a download link to the latest version on the OpenJDK homepage. Download the OpenJDK 14 binary:
```
`$ wget https://download.java.net/java/GA/jdk14.0.1/664493ef4a6946b186ff29eb326336a2/7/GPL/openjdk-14.0.1_osx-x64_bin.tar.gz`
```
Move to the directory where you downloaded the binary file and extract it:
```
`$ tar -xf openjdk-14.0.1_osx-x64_bin.tar.gz`
```
Next, add Java to your PATH:
```
`$ export PATH=$PWD/jdk-14.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/bin:$PATH`
```
Also, add this to the path to your dotfiles, `.bash_profile` or `.zshrc` depending on what shell you are running. You can learn more about configuring the `$PATH` variable in [_How to set your $PATH variable in Linux_][23].
Finally, verify your OpenJDK 14 installation:
```
$ java -version
openjdk version "14.0.1" 2020-04-14
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 14.0.1+7)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.0.1+7, mixed mode, sharing)
```
### Write your first Java microservice on a Mac
Now you are ready to develop a cloud-native Java application with OpenJDK stack on macOS. In this how-to, you'll create a new Java project on [Quarkus][17] that exposes a REST API using dependency injection.
You will need [Maven][24], a popular Java dependency manager, to start. [Install][25] it from Maven's website or using Homebrew with `brew install maven`.
Execute the following Maven commands to configure a Quarkus project and create a simple web app:
```
$ mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:1.5.1.Final:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=com.example \
    -DprojectArtifactId=getting-started \
    -DclassName="com.example.GreetingResource" \
    -Dpath="/hello"
cd getting-started
```
Run the application:
```
`$ ./mvnw quarkus:dev`
```
You will see this output when the application starts:
```
__  ____  __  _____   ___  __ ____  ______
 --/ __ \/ / / / _ | / _ \/ //_/ / / / __/
 -/ /_/ / /_/ / __ |/ , _/ ,< / /_/ /\ \  
\--\\___\\_\\____/_/ |_/_/|_/_/|_|\\____/___/  
2020-06-13 00:03:06,413 INFO  [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) getting-started 1.0-SNAPSHOT on JVM (powered by Quarkus 1.5.1.Final) started in 1.125s. Listening on: <http://0.0.0.0:8080>
2020-06-13 00:03:06,416 INFO  [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Profile dev activated. Live Coding activated.
2020-06-13 00:03:06,416 INFO  [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Installed features: [cdi, resteasy]
```
Access the REST endpoint using the `curl` command:
```
$ curl -w "\n" <http://localhost:8080/hello>
hello
```
Congratulations! You have quickly gone from not even having Java installed to building your first web application using Maven and Quarkus.
### What to do next with Java
Java is a mature programming language that continues to grow in popularity through new frameworks designed for cloud-native application development.
If you are on the path toward building that future, you may be interested in more practical Quarkus development lessons or other modern frameworks. No matter what you're building, the next step is configuring your text editor. Read my tutorial on [_Writing Java with Quarkus in VS Code_][26], then explore what else you can do.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/install-java-mac
作者：[Daniel Oh][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_cafe_brew_laptop_desktop.jpg?itok=G-n1o1-o (Coffee and laptop)
[2]: https://opensource.com/resources/java
[3]: https://twitter.com/search?q=%23MovedByJava&src=typed_query
[4]: https://twitter.com/grailsframework?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[5]: https://twitter.com/ObjectComputing?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[6]: https://twitter.com/micronautfw?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[7]: https://twitter.com/groundbreakers?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[8]: https://twitter.com/Java_Champions?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[9]: https://twitter.com/java?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[10]: https://twitter.com/hashtag/MovedByJava?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[11]: https://twitter.com/graemerocher/status/1263484918157410304?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[12]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-kubernetes
[13]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-are-microservices
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/javatimeline.png (Timeline of technology contributions to Java)
[15]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
[16]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/cloud-native-java
[17]: https://quarkus.io/
[18]: https://micronaut.io/
[19]: https://helidon.io/#/
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/install-java-linux
[21]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac
[22]: https://openjdk.java.net/
[23]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
[24]: https://maven.apache.org/index.html
[25]: https://maven.apache.org/install.html
[26]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/java-quarkus-vs-code

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@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (Yufei-Yan)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to install Java on a Mac)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/install-java-mac)
[#]: author: (Daniel Oh https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh)
如何在 Mac 上安装 Java
======
macOS 用户可以运行 Java 的开源版本，同时也可以运行用于<ruby>云原生<rt>cloud native</rt></ruby>开发的新框架。
![Coffee and laptop][1]
五月底，Java 庆祝了它的 25 周年纪念日，为了纪念这一时刻，世界各地的开发人员使用 [#MovedByJava][3] 这一标签分享他们使用这一编程语言的成就，记忆以及愿景。
> 我的时间线：
>
> * 1999 开始学习 Java
> * 2007 创建 [@grailsframework][4]
> * 2008 共同创建 G20ne
> * 2009 被 SpringSource 收购
> * 2015 加入 [@ObjectComputing][5]
> * 2018 创建 [@micronautfw][6] / 获得 [@groundbreakers][7] 奖
> * 2019 成为 [@Java_Champions][8]
>
> 感谢你 [@java][9]！[#MovedByJava][10]
>
> — Graeme Rocher (@graemerocher) [2020年5月21日][11]
多年来，许多技术和趋势都促进了 Java 堆栈的开发，部署和在标准应用程序服务器上运行多个应用的能力。为 [Kubernetes][12] 构建容器镜像使得 Java 开发者可以在多个云环境中打包和部署<ruby>[微服务][13]<rt>microservices</rt></ruby>，而不是在虚拟机上运行几个应用程序服务器。
![Timeline of technology contributions to Java][14]
(Daniel Oh, [CC BY-SA 4.0][15])
有了这些技术，Java 应用程序栈被优化为运行更大的堆和可以在运行时做出决策的高动态框架。然而不幸的是，这些努力还不足以使 Java 成为开发人员为无服务和事件驱动平台开发<ruby>云原生<rt>cloud native</rt></ruby> Java 应用程序的首选编程语言。其他语言填补了这部分空缺，特别是 JavaScript，Python，和 Go，而 Rust 和 WebAssembly 也提供了新的选项。
尽管存在这种竞争，[<ruby>云原生<rt>cloud native</rt></ruby> Java][16] 正在对以云为中心的软件开发产生影响。幸运的是，新的 Java 框架（比如，[Quarkus][17]，[Micronaut][18]，和 [Helidon][19]）最近已经战胜了这些挑战，他们提供了编译更快而且更小的应用，同时他们在设计之初就将分布式系统考虑了进去。
### 如何在 macOS 上安装 Java
Java 开发的未来将从更多人安装和使用 Java 开始。因此，我将介绍如何在 macOS 上安装并开始使用 Java 开发环境。（如果你运行的是 Linux，请查看 Seth Kenlon 的文章 [如何在 Linux 上安装 Java][20]。）
#### 通过 Brew 仓库安装 OpenJDK
Homebrew 实际上算是 macOS 上的标准包管理器。如果你还没有安装的话，Matthew Broberg 的文章，[_Homebrew 简介_][12]，将带你完成这些步骤。
当你在 Mac 上安装好 Homebrew 后，使用 `brew` 命令安装 [OpenJDK][22]，这是编写 Java 应用程序的开源方式：
```
$ brew cask install java
```
不到一分钟就能看到：
```
$ java was successfully installed!
```
通过 `$ java -version` 命令确认 OpenJDK 已经正确安装：
```
$ java -version
openjdk version "14.0.1" 2020-04-14
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 14.0.1+7)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.0.1+7, mixed mode, sharing
```
从输出中可以确认 OpenJDK 14 （本文撰写时的最新版本）已经安装。
#### 从二进制文件安装 OpenJDK
如果你并不热衷于包管理器，并且更愿意自己来管理 Java 的话，那么你总是可以选择下载并且手动安装。
我在 OpenJDK 主页上找到了最新版本的下载链接。下载 OpenJDK 14 的二进制文件：
```
$ wget https://download.java.net/java/GA/jdk14.0.1/664493ef4a6946b186ff29eb326336a2/7/GPL/openjdk-14.0.1_osx-x64_bin.tar.gz
```
移动到你保存二进制文件的目录，然后解压：
```
$ tar -xf openjdk-14.0.1_osx-x64_bin.tar.gz
```
接下来，将 Java 加入到你的 PATH：
```
$ export PATH=$PWD/jdk-14.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/bin:$PATH
```
同时，将这条命令加到你的 dotfile 中，`.bash_profile` 还是 `.zshrc` 取决于你运行的 shell。你可以在[_如何在 Linux 中设置你的 \$PATH 变量_][23]一文中了解更多关于配置 `$PATH` 变量的内容。
最后，验证你安装的 OpenJDK 14：
```
$ java -version
openjdk version "14.0.1" 2020-04-14
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 14.0.1+7)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.0.1+7, mixed mode, sharing)
```
### 在 Mac 上编写你的第一个<ruby>[微服务][13]<rt>microservices</rt></ruby>
现在，你已经准备好在 maxOS 上使用 OpenJDK 堆栈开发<ruby>云原生<rt>cloud native</rt></ruby> Java 应用程序了。在本教程中，你将在 [Quarkus][17] 上创建一个新的 Java 项目，这个项目使用<ruby>依赖注入<rt>dependency injection</rt></ruby>来暴露 REST API。
你需要 [Maven][24] 启动，它是一个非常流行的 Java 依赖管理器。从 Maven 的网站或者通过 Homebrew 使用 `brew install maven` 命令[安装][25]。
执行以下 Maven 命令来配置 Quarkus 项目，并且创建一个简单的 web 应用：
```
$ mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:1.5.1.Final:create \
    -DprojectGroupId=com.example \
    -DprojectArtifactId=getting-started \
    -DclassName="com.example.GreetingResource" \
    -Dpath="/hello"
cd getting-started
```
运行这个应用：
```
$ ./mvnw quarkus:dev
```
当应用程序运行的时候，你可以看到这个输出：
```
__  ____  __  _____   ___  __ ____  ______
 --/ __ \/ / / / _ | / _ \/ //_/ / / / __/
 -/ /_/ / /_/ / __ |/ , _/ ,&lt; / /_/ /\ \  
\--\\___\\_\\____/_/ |_/_/|_/_/|_|\\____/___/  
2020-06-13 00:03:06,413 INFO  [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) getting-started 1.0-SNAPSHOT on JVM (powered by Quarkus 1.5.1.Final) started in 1.125s. Listening on: <http://0.0.0.0:8080>
2020-06-13 00:03:06,416 INFO  [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Profile dev activated. Live Coding activated.
2020-06-13 00:03:06,416 INFO  [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Installed features: [cdi, resteasy]
```
使用 `curl` 命令访问 REST 端点：
```
$ curl -w "\n" <http://localhost:8080/hello>
hello
```
恭喜！通过使用 Mavan 和 Quarkus，你很快从没有安装 Java 的环境里创建了第一个 web 应用。
### 接下来用 Java 做什么
Java 是一个成熟的编程语言，通过专门为<ruby>云原生<rt>cloud native</rt></ruby>应用程序开发设计的新框架，Java 的热度会一直持续下去。
如果你正走在这样构建未来应用的路上，你可能会对更多实用的 Quarkus 开发课程或其他现代化框架感兴趣。无论你在构建什么，下一步是配置你的文本编辑器。阅读我关于[_在 VS Code 用 Quarkus 编写 Java_][26] 的教程，然后再看看你能做什么。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/install-java-mac
作者：[Daniel Oh][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[Yufei-Yan](https://github.com/Yufei-Yan)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_cafe_brew_laptop_desktop.jpg?itok=G-n1o1-o (Coffee and laptop)
[2]: https://opensource.com/resources/java
[3]: https://twitter.com/search?q=%23MovedByJava&src=typed_query
[4]: https://twitter.com/grailsframework?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[5]: https://twitter.com/ObjectComputing?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[6]: https://twitter.com/micronautfw?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[7]: https://twitter.com/groundbreakers?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[8]: https://twitter.com/Java_Champions?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[9]: https://twitter.com/java?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[10]: https://twitter.com/hashtag/MovedByJava?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[11]: https://twitter.com/graemerocher/status/1263484918157410304?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
[12]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-kubernetes
[13]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-are-microservices
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/javatimeline.png (Timeline of technology contributions to Java)
[15]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
[16]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/cloud-native-java
[17]: https://quarkus.io/
[18]: https://micronaut.io/
[19]: https://helidon.io/#/
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/install-java-linux
[21]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac
[22]: https://openjdk.java.net/
[23]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
[24]: https://maven.apache.org/index.html
[25]: https://maven.apache.org/install.html
[26]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/java-quarkus-vs-code