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Wake up and Shut Down Linux Automatically
============================================================
### [banner.jpg][1]
![time keeper](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/banner.jpg?itok=zItspoSb)
Learn how to configure your Linux computers to watch the time for you, then wake up and shut down automatically.
[Creative Commons Attribution][6][The Observatory at Delhi][7]
Don't be a watt-waster. If your computers don't need to be on then shut them down. For convenience and nerd creds, you can configure your Linux computers to wake up and shut down automatically.
### Precious Uptimes
Some computers need to be on all the time, which is fine as long as it's not about satisfying an uptime compulsion. Some people are very proud of their lengthy uptimes, and now that we have kernel hot-patching that leaves only hardware failures requiring shutdowns. I think it's better to be practical. Save electricity as well as wear on your moving parts, and shut them down when they're not needed. For example, you can wake up a backup server at a scheduled time, run your backups, and then shut it down until it's time for the next backup. Or, you can configure your Internet gateway to be on only at certain times. Anything that doesn't need to be on all the time can be configured to turn on, do a job, and then shut down.
### Sleepies
For computers that don't need to be on all the time, good old cron will shut them down reliably. Use either root's cron, or /etc/crontab. This example creates a root cron job to shut down every night at 11:15 p.m.
```
# crontab -e -u root
# m h dom mon dow command
15 23 * * * /sbin/shutdown -h now
```
```
15 23 * * 1-5 /sbin/shutdown -h now
```
You may also use /etc/crontab, which is fast and easy, and everything is in one file. You have to specify the user:
```
15 23 * * 1-5 root shutdown -h now
```
Auto-wakeups are very cool; most of my SUSE colleagues are in Nuremberg, so I am crawling out of bed at 5 a.m. to have a few hours of overlap with their schedules. My work computer turns itself on at 5:30 a.m., and then all I have to do is drag my coffee and myself to my desk to start work. It might not seem like pressing a power button is a big deal, but at that time of day every little thing looms large.
Waking up your Linux PC can be less reliable than shutting it down, so you may want to try different methods. You can use wakeonlan, RTC wakeups, or your PC's BIOS to set scheduled wakeups. These all work because, when you power off your computer, it's not really all the way off; it is in an extremely low-power state and can receive and respond to signals. You need to use the power supply switch to turn it off completely.
### BIOS Wakeup
A BIOS wakeup is the most reliable. My system BIOS has an easy-to-use wakeup scheduler (Figure 1). Chances are yours does, too. Easy peasy.
### [fig-1.png][2]
![wake up](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/fig-1_11.png?itok=8qAeqo1I)
Figure 1: My system BIOS has an easy-to-use wakeup scheduler.
[Used with permission][8]
### wakeonlan
wakeonlan is the next most reliable method. This requires sending a signal from a second computer to the computer you want to power on. You could use an Arduino or Raspberry Pi to send the wakeup signal, a Linux-based router, or any Linux PC. First, look in your system BIOS to see if wakeonlan is supported -- which it should be -- and then enable it, as it should be disabled by default.
Then, you'll need an Ethernet network adapter that supports wakeonlan; wireless adapters won't work. You'll need to verify that your Ethernet card supports wakeonlan:
```
# ethtool eth0 | grep -i wake-on
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: g
```
* d -- all wake ups disabled
* p -- wake up on physical activity
* u -- wake up on unicast messages
* m -- wake up on multicast messages
* b -- wake up on broadcast messages
* a -- wake up on ARP messages
* g -- wake up on magic packet
* s -- set the Secure On password for the magic packet
man ethtool is not clear on what the p switch does; it suggests that any signal will cause a wake up. In my testing, however, it doesn't do that. The one that must be enabled is g -- wake up on magic packet, and the Wake-on line shows that it is already enabled. If it is not enabled, you can use ethtool to enable it, using your own device name, of course:
```
# ethtool -s eth0 wol g
```
```
@reboot /usr/bin/ethtool -s eth0 wol g
```
### [fig-2.png][3]
![wakeonlan](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/fig-2_7.png?itok=XQAwmHoQ)
Figure 2: Enable Wake on LAN.
[Used with permission][9]
Another option is recent Network Manager versions have a nice little checkbox to enable wakeonlan (Figure 2).
There is a field for setting a password, but if your network interface doesn't support the Secure On password, it won't work.
Now you need to configure a second PC to send the wakeup signal. You don't need root privileges, so create a cron job for your user. You need the MAC address of the network interface on the machine you're waking up:
```
30 08 * * * /usr/bin/wakeonlan D0:50:99:82:E7:2B
```
Using the real-time clock for wakeups is the least reliable method. Check out [Wake Up Linux With an RTC Alarm Clock][4]; this is a bit outdated as most distros use systemd now. Come back next week to learn more about updated ways to use RTC wakeups.
Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][5]course from The Linux Foundation and edX.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/11/wake-and-shut-down-linux-automatically
作者：[Carla Schroder]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/bannerjpg
[2]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/fig-1png-11
[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/fig-2png-7
[4]:https://www.linux.com/learn/wake-linux-rtc-alarm-clock
[5]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
[6]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-attribution
[7]:http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/jaipur/delhijantarearly/delhijantarearly.html
[8]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[9]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission

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自动唤醒和关闭 Linux
=====================
### [banner.jpg][1]
![timekeeper](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/banner.jpg?itok=zItspoSb)
了解如何通过配置 Linux 计算机来查看时间，并实现自动唤醒和关闭 Linux
[Creative Commons Attribution][6][The Observatory at Delhi][7]
不要成为一个电能浪费者。如果你的电脑不需要开机就请把它们关机。出于方便和计算机宅的考虑，你可以通过配置你的 Linux 计算机实现自动唤醒和关闭 Linux 。
### 系统运行时间
有时候有些电脑需要一直处在开机状态，在不超过电脑运行时间的限制下这种情况是被允许的。有些人为他们的计算机可以长时间的正常运行而感到自豪，且现在我们有内核热补丁能够实现只有在硬件发生故障时才允许机器关机。我认为比较实际可行的是能够在机器需要节省电能以及在移动硬件发生磨损的情况下，且在不需要机器运行的情况下将其关机。比如，你可以在规定的时间内唤醒备份服务器，执行备份，然后关闭它直到它要进行下一次备份。或者，你可以设置你的 Internet 网关只在特定的时间运行。任何不需要一直运行的东西都可以将其配置成在其需要工作的时候打开，待其完成工作后将其关闭。
### 系统休眠
对于不需要一直运行的电脑，使用 root 的 cron 定时任务或者 `/etc/crontab` 文件 可以可靠地关闭电脑。这个例子创建一个 root 定时任务实现每天下午 11点15分 定时关机。
```
# crontab -e -u root
# m h dom mon dow command
15 23 * * * /sbin/shutdown -h now
```
以下示例仅在周一至周五运行：
```
15 23 * * 1-5 /sbin/shutdown -h now
```
您可以为不同的日期和时间创建多个cron作业。 通过命令 ``man 5 crontab`` 可以了解所有时间和日期的字段。
一个快速、容易的方式是，使用 `/etc/crontab ` 文件。但这样你必须指定用户：
```
15 23 * * 1-5 root shutdown -h now
```
### 自动唤醒
实现自动唤醒是一件很酷的事情; 我大多数使用 SUSE （SUSE Linux）的同事都在纽伦堡，因此，因此为了跟同事能有几小时一起工作的时间，我不得不需要在凌晨五点起床。我的计算机早上 5点半自动开始工作，而我只需要将自己和咖啡拖到我的桌子上就可以开始工作了。按下电源按钮看起来好像并不是什么大事，但是在每天的那个时候每件小事都会变得很大。
唤醒 Linux 计算机可能不比关闭它稳当，因此你可能需要尝试不同的办法。你可以使用远程唤醒（Wake-On-LAN）、RTC 唤醒或者个人电脑的 BIOS 设置预定的唤醒这些方式。做这些工作的原因是，当你关闭电脑时，这并不是真正关闭了计算机；此时计算机处在极低功耗状态且还可以接受和响应信号。你需要拔掉电源开关将其彻底关闭。
### BIOS 唤醒
BIOS 唤醒是最可靠的。我的系统主板 BIOS 有一个易于使用的唤醒调度程序。(Figure 1). Chances are yours does, too. Easy peasy.
### [fig-1.png][2]
![wakeup](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/fig-1_11.png?itok=8qAeqo1I)
Figure 1: My system BIOS has an easy-to-use wakeup scheduler.
[Used with permission][8]
### 主机远程唤醒（Wake-On-LAN）
远程唤醒是仅次于 BIOS 唤醒的又一种可靠的唤醒方法。这需要你从第二台计算机发送信号到所要打开的计算机。可以使用 Arduino 或 树莓派（Raspberry Pi） 发送基于 Linux 的路由器或者任何 Linux 计算机的唤醒信号。首先，查看系统主板 BIOS 是否支持 Wake-On-LAN ，要是支持的话，必须先启动它，因为它被默认为禁用。
然后，需要一个支持 Wake-On-LAN 的网卡；无线网卡并不支持。你需要运行 `ethtool` 命令查看网卡是否支持 Wake-On-LAN ：
```
# ethtool eth0 | grep -i wake-on
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: g
```
这条命令输出的 Supports Wake-on 字段会告诉你你的网卡现在开启了哪些功能：
　　　
* d -- 禁用
* p -- 物理活动唤醒
* u -- 单播消息唤醒
* m -- 多播（组播）消息唤醒
* b -- 广播消息唤醒
* a -- ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) 唤醒
* g -- magic packet 唤醒
* s -- 设有密码的 magic packet 唤醒
man ethtool 命令并没说清楚 p 选项的作用；这表明任何信号都会导致唤醒。然而，在我的测试中它并没有这么做。想要实现远程唤醒主机，必须支持的功能是 `g -- magic packet` 唤醒，而且显示这个功能已经在启用了。如果它没有被启用，你可以通过 `ethtool` 命令来启用它。
```
# ethtool -s eth0 wol g
```
这条命令可能会在重启后失效，所以为了确保万无一失，你可以创建个 root 用户的定时任务（cron）在每次重启的时候来执行这条命令。
```
@reboot /usr/bin/ethtool -s eth0 wol g
```
### [fig-2.png][3]
![wakeonlan](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/floated_images/public/fig-2_7.png?itok=XQAwmHoQ)
Figure 2: Enable Wake on LAN.
[Used with permission][9]
另一个选择是最近的网络管理器版本有一个很好的小复选框来启用 Wake-On-LAN（图2）。
这里有一个可以用于设置密码的地方，但是如果你的网络接口不支持安全密码，它就不起作用。
现在你需要配置第二台计算机来发送唤醒信号。你并不需要 root 权限，所以你可以为你的用户创建 cron 任务。你需要用到的是想要唤醒的机器的网络接口和MAC地址信息。
```
30 08 * * * /usr/bin/wakeonlan D0:50:99:82:E7:2B
```
### RTC 唤醒（RTC Alarm Clock）
通过使用实时闹钟来唤醒计算机是最不可靠的方法。对于这个方法，可以参看 [Wake Up Linux With an RTC Alarm Clock][4] ；对于现在的大多数发行版来说这种方法已经有点过时了。
下周继续了解更多关于使用RTC唤醒的方法。
通过 Linux 基金会和 edX 可以学习更多关于 Linux 的免费 [ Linux 入门][5]教程。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via:https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2017/11/wake-and-shut-down-linux-automatically
作者：[Carla Schroder]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/HardworkFish)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/bannerjpg
[2]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/fig-1png-11
[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/fig-2png-7
[4]:https://www.linux.com/learn/wake-linux-rtc-alarm-clock
[5]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
[6]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/creative-commons-attribution
[7]:http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/jaipur/delhijantarearly/delhijantarearly.html
[8]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
[9]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission