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How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time
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#Translating by shipsw#
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How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time
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================================================================================
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Once Nginx web server is [up and running][1] in a production environment, you will want to monitor its activity in real time. In fact, general network monitoring software such as [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin provide support for real-time Nginx monitoring.
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However, if you do not need comprehensive reporting capabilities or long-term statistics offered by such tools, but just want a quick and easy way to monitor the requests coming to an Nginx web server, I would recommend a command line tool called [ngxtop][3].
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You will immediately tell that ngxtop (both its name and interface) is inspired by the famous top command. What ngxtop does is to parse Nginx access log file (and others such as Apache2 log), and display analyzed results via top-like interface in real-time. You can tout your sophisticated monitoring tool all you want, but it cannot beat ngxtop's simplicity, and simplicity is not something that cannot be dismissed.
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In this tutorial, I will describe how to monitor Nginx web server in real time with ngxtop.
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### Install ngxtop on Linux ###
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First, [install pip][4] on your Linux system as a prerequisite for ngxtop.
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Then install ngxtop as follows.
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$ sudo pip install ngxtop
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### Usage of ngxtop ###
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The basic usage of ngxtop is as follows.
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ngxtop [options]
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ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum) <var>
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ngxtop info
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Here are some of the common options.
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- **-l <file>**: the full path to an access log file (Nginx or Apache2)
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- **-f <format>**: access log format
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- **--no-follow**: process the current log file snapshot, instead of new lines as they are written to the log file in real time
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- **-t <seconds>**: update interval
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- **-n <number>**: the number of lines in the display
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- **-o <var>**: ordering criteria (default: count)
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- **-a <exp> ..., --a <exp> ...**: add exp (must be aggregation exp: sum, avg, min, max, etc.) into output
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- **-v**: verbose output
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- **-i <filter-expression>**: only process records matched with filter
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Here are built-in variables (represented as <var> in the above). Their meanings are self-explanatory.
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- body_bytes_send
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- http_referer
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- http_user_agent
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- remote_addr
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- remote_user
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- request
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- status
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- time_local
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### Monitor Nginx with ngxtop ###
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By default, ngxtop will try to detect the location of Nginx access log from its config file (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf). Thus, to monitor Nginx, simply run:
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$ ngxtop
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It will display 10 requests served by Nginx, sorted by the number of requests.
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To display top-20 most frequent requests:
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$ ngxtop -n 20
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To get information about Nginx (including available variable info):
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$ ngxtop info
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If you want, you can customize the variables to display. For that, simply list variables you are interested in. "print" command will display individual requests.
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$ ngxtop print request http_user_agent remote_addr
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To display top IP addresses of clients:
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$ ngxtop top remote_addr
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To display requests whose status code is 404:
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$ ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status
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Besides Nginx, ngxtop is capable of processing other log files, such as Apache access logs. To monitor Apache web server, use this command:
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$ tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/compile-install-nginx-web-server.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/monitor-common-services-nagios.html
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[3]:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop
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[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html
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如何使用命令行实时监控 Nginx 网站服务器
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================================================================================
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Nginx网站服务器在生产环境中[运行][1]的时候需要进行实时监控。实际上，诸如[Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin 的网络监控软件是支持 Nginx 监控的。
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如果你不需要以上软件提供的综合性报告或者长期数据统计功能，只是需要一种快速简便的办法去监控 Nginx 服务器的请求的话，我建议你采用一个叫 [ngxtop][3] 的命令行工具。
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你马上就会发现 ngxtop 从界面和名称都借鉴了著名的top命令。ngxtop 是通过分析 Nginx 或者其他的日志文件，使用类似 top 命令的界面实时展示出来的。你可以说你知道的其他高端监控工具，但是在简洁这方面 ngxtop 无疑是最好的。简单是不是就意味着不可替代。
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本指南中，我将介绍如何使用 ngxtop 实时监控 Nginx 网站服务器。
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### Linux 上安装 ngxtop ###
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首先在 Linux 系统中安装依赖库[pip][4]。
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然后使用如下命令安装 ngxtop。
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$ sudo pip install ngxtop
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### ngxtop 使用 ###
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基本使用方法如下：
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ngxtop [options]
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ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum) <var>
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ngxtop info
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这里是一些通用选项。
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- **-l <file>**: 日志文件的完整路径 (Nginx 或 Apache2)
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- **-f <format>**: 日志格式
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- **--no-follow**: 处理当前日志文件的快照，而不是实时处理日志文件
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- **-t <seconds>**: 更新频率
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- **-n <number>**: 命令显示行数
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- **-o <var>**: 排序规则(默认 行数)
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- **-a <exp> ..., --a <exp> ...**: 添加表达式(一般是聚合表达式如： sum, avg, min, max 等)到输出中。
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- **-v**: 输出详细信息
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- **-i <filter-expression>**: 只处理符合规则的记录
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以下是一些内置变量，他们的含义不言自明。
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- body_bytes_send
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- http_referer
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- http_user_agent
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- remote_addr
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- remote_user
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- request
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- status
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- time_local
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### 使用 ngxtop 监控 Nginx ###
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ngxtop 默认会从其配置文件 (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf) 中查找 Nginx 日志的地址。所以，监控 Nginx ，运行以下命令即可：
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$ ngxtop
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这将会列出10个 Nginx 服务，按请求数量排序。
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显示前20个最频繁的请求：
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$ ngxtop -n 20
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获取Nginx基本信息：
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$ ngxtop info
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你可以自定义显示的变量，简单列出需要显示的变量。使用 "print" 命令显示自定义请求。
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$ ngxtop print request http_user_agent remote_addr
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显示请求最多的客户端IP地址
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$ ngxtop top remote_addr
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显示状态码是404的请求
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$ ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status
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除了Nginx，ngtop 还可以处理其他的日志文件，比如 Apache 的访问文件。使用以下命令监控 Apache 服务器:
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$ tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html
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译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/compile-install-nginx-web-server.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/monitor-common-services-nagios.html
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[3]:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop
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[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html
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