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How to create LaTeX documents with Emacs
如何使用 Emacs 创建 LaTeX 文档
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/email_paper_envelope_document.png?itok=uPj_kouJ)
In his excellent article, [An introduction to creating documents in LaTeX][1], author [Aaron Cocker][2] introduces the [LaTeX typesetting system][3] and explains how to create a LaTeX document using [TeXstudio][4]. He also lists a few LaTeX editors that many users find helpful in creating LaTeX documents.
一篇由 Aaron Cocker 写的很棒的文章 [An introduction to creating documents in LaTeX][1] 中，介绍了 LaTeX 排版系统 [LaTeX typesetting system][3] 并描述了如何使用 [TeXstudio][4] 来创建 LaTeX 文档。同时，他也列举了一些很多用户觉得创建 LaTeX 文档很方便的编辑器。
This comment on the article by [Greg Pittman][5] caught my attention: "LaTeX seems like an awful lot of typing when you first start...". This is true. LaTeX involves a lot of typing and debugging, if you missed a special character like an exclamation mark, which can discourage many users, especially beginners. In this article, I will introduce you to [GNU Emacs][6] and describe how to use it to create LaTeX documents.
[Greg Pittman][5] 对这篇文章的评论吸引了我：“当你第一次开始使用 LaTeX 时，他似乎是个和差劲的排版。。。” 事实也确实如此。LaTeX 包含了多种排版字体和调试，如果你漏了一个特殊的字符比如说感叹号，这会阻碍很多用户，尤其是新手。在本文中，我将介绍如何使用 [GNU Emacs][6] 来创建 LaTeX 文档。
### Creating your first document
Launch Emacs by typing:
### 创建你的第一个文档
启动 Emacs:
```
emacs -q --no-splash helloworld.org
```
The `-q` flag ensures that no Emacs initializations will load. The `--no-splash-screen` flag prevents splash screens to ensure that only one window is open, with the file `helloworld.org`.
参数 `-q` 确保 Emacs 不会加载其他的初始化配置。参数 `--no-splash-screen` 防止 emacs 打开多个窗口，确保只打开一个窗口，最后的参数 `helloworld.org` 表示你要创建的文件名为 `helloworld.org` 。
![Emacs startup screen][8]
GNU Emacs with the helloworld.org file opened in a buffer window
GNU Emacs 打开文件名为 helloworld.org 的窗口时的样子。
Let's add some LaTeX headers the Emacs way: Go to **Org** in the menu bar and select **Export/Publish**.
现在让我们用 Emacs 添加一些 LaTeX 的标题吧: 在菜单栏找到 **Org** 选项并选择 **Export/Publish**.
![template_flow.png][10]
Inserting a default template
导入一个默认的模板:
在下一个窗口中，Emacs 同时提供了导入和导出一个模板。使用 #（[#] Insert template）来导入一个模板。这将会是光标跳转到一个带有 **Options category：** 提示的 mini-buffer 中。第一次你可能不知道这个类型的名字，但是你可以使用 Tab 键来查看所有的补全。输入 “default” 然后按回车，之后你就能看到如下的内容被插入了：
In the next window, Emacs offers options to either export or insert a template. Insert the template by entering **#** ([#] Insert template). This will move a cursor to a mini-buffer, where the prompt reads **Options category:**. At this time you may not know the category names; press Tab to see possible completions. Type "default" and press Enter. The following content will be inserted:
```
#+TITLE: helloworld
@ -58,7 +56,7 @@ In the next window, Emacs offers options to either export or insert a template.
```
Change the title, date, author, and email as you wish. Mine looks like this:
根据自己的需求修改标题，日期，作者和 email。我自己的话是下面这样的：
```
#+TITLE: Hello World! My first LaTeX document
@ -70,13 +68,14 @@ Change the title, date, author, and email as you wish. Mine looks like this:
```
We don't want to create a Table of Contents yet, so change the value of `toc` from `t` to `nil` inline, as shown below:
我们目前还不想创建一个目录，所以要将 `toc` 的值由 `t` 改为 `nil`，具体如下：
```
#+OPTIONS: tags:t tasks:t tex:t timestamp:t toc:nil todo:t |:t
```
Let's add a section and paragraphs. A section starts with an asterisk (*). We'll copy the content of some paragraphs from Aaron's post (from the [Lipsum Lorem Ipsum generator][11]):
现在让我们添加一个章节和段落吧。章节是由一个星号（*）开头。我们从 Aaron 的贴子（[Lipsum Lorem Ipsum generator][11]）复制一些文本过来：
```
* Introduction
@ -107,37 +106,38 @@ Let's add a section and paragraphs. A section starts with an asterisk (*). We'll
![helloworld_file.png][13]
The helloworld.org file
helloworld.org 文件
With the content in place, we'll export the content as a PDF. Select **Export/Publish** from the **Org** menu again, but this time, type **l** (export to LaTeX), followed by **o** (as PDF file and open). This not only opens PDF file for you to view, but also saves the file as `helloworld.pdf` in the same path as `helloworld.org`.
将内容修改好后，我们要把它导出为 PDF 格式。再次在 **Org** 的菜单选项中选择 **Export/Publish**，但是这次，要输入 **l**（export to LaTeX），紧跟着输入 **o**（as PDF file and open）。这次操作不止会打开 PDF 文件让你浏览，同时也会将文件保存为 `helloworld.pdf`，并保存在与 `helloworld.org` 的同一个目录下。
![org_to_pdf.png][15]
Exporting helloworld.org to helloworld.pdf
将 helloworld.org 导出为 helloworld.pdf
![org_and_pdf_file.png][17]
Opening the helloworld.pdf file
打开 helloworld.pdf 文件
You can also export org to PDF by pressing `Alt + x`, then typing "org-latex-export-to-pdf". Use Tab to auto-complete.
你也可以按下 `Alt + x` 键，然后输入 “org-latex-export-to-pdf” 来将 org 文件导出为 PDF 文件。可以使用 Tab 键来自动补全命令。
Emacs also creates the `helloworld.tex` file to give you control over the content.
Emacs 也会创建 `helloworld.tex` 文件来让你控制具体的内容。
![org_tex_pdf.png][19]
Emacs with LaTeX, org, and PDF files open in three different windows
Emacs 在三个不同的窗口中分别打开 LaTeX，org 和 PDF 文档。
You can compile the `.tex` file to `.pdf` using the command:
你可以使用命令来将 `.tex` 文件转换为 `.pdf` 文件：
```
pdflatex helloworld.tex
```
You can also export the `.org` file to HTML or as a simple text file. What I like about .org files is they can be pushed to [GitHub][20], where they are rendered just like any other markdown formats.
你也可以将 `.org` 文件输出问HTML或是一个简单的文本格式的文件。我最喜欢 .org 文件的原因是他们可以被 push 到 [GitHub][20] 上，然后被渲染的同 markdown 的一样的格式。
### Creating a LaTeX Beamer presentation
### 创建一个 LaTeX 的 Beamer presentation
Let's go a step further and create a LaTeX [Beamer][21] presentation using the same file with some modifications as shown below:
现在让我们更进一步，通过少量的修改上面的文档来创建一个 LaTeX [Beamer][21]的 presentation，如下所示：
```
#+TITLE: LaTeX Beamer presentation
@ -235,20 +235,20 @@ We have added three more lines to the header:
```
To export to PDF, press `Alt + x` and type "org-beamer-export-to-pdf".
导出为 PDF，按下 `Alt + x` 键后输入 “org-beamer-export-to-pdf”
![latex_beamer_presentation.png][23]
The Latex Beamer presentation, created using Emacs and Org mode
用 Emacs 和 Org mode 创建的 Latex Beamer persentation
I hope you enjoyed creating this LaTeX and Beamer document using Emacs (note that it's faster to use keyboard shortcuts than a mouse). Emacs Org-mode offers much more than I can cover in this post; you can learn more at [orgmode.org][24].
希望你会爱上使用 Emacs 来创建 LaTex 和 Beamer 文档（注意:使用快捷键比用鼠标更快些）。Emacs 的 Org-mode 提供了比我在这篇文章中说的更多的功能，你可以在 [orgmode.org][24] 获取更多的信息.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/4/how-create-latex-documents-emacs
作者：[Sachin Patil][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
译者：[oneforalone](https://github.com/oneforalone)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)