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ALL:published/20220824 Become A Pro Flatpak User By Learning These Commands.md
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[#]: subject: "Become A Pro Flatpak User By Learning These Commands"
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[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/flatpak-commands/"
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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "wxy"
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[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15007-1.html"
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如何成为专业的 Flatpak 用户
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======
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> 在这篇文章中，我将向你展示各种 Flatpak 命令，使你成为 Flatpak 的专业用户。
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![][1]
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Flatpak 沙盒技术是 Linux 应用分发的未来。如今，几乎所有重要的发行版都预装了 Flatpak，因为采用它很容易，维护它也更直接。
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如果你每天都使用 Flatpak，你可能知道这些命令。但如果你还在考虑把每一个应用程序都转到 Flatpak，那么你应该通过这个命令列表来了解如何轻松管理 Flatpak 应用程序。
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因此，为了帮助你做到这一点，我列出了一些易于使用的 Flatpak 命令供你参考，这些命令是从文档中的大量命令集中筛选出来的。
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### Flatpak 命令参考
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首先，我们来谈谈一些基本的命令。
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#### 1、安装 Flatpak
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自从上次我检查过后，如今所有重要的发行版都预装了 Flatpak。因此，你可能不需要安装它。
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然而，安装 Flatpak 就像在这两个主要发行版中运行以下命令一样简单：
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```
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sudo apt install flatpak // 用于 Ubuntu 和相关发行版
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```
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```
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sudo dnf install flatpak // 适用于 Fedora 和基于 RPM 的发行版
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```
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如果你正在运行其他发行版，你可以查看我们关于 Flatpak 安装的 [详细指南][2]。
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#### 2、设置 Flatpak 远程仓库
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接下来，你需要在安装后设置与 <ruby>远程仓库<rt>remote</rt></ruby>的连接。远程仓库就像是一个存储库（参考 PPA），用来分发 Flatpak 应用程序。
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主要的仓库是 Flathub，你可以用下面的命令来设置它。这个命令对所有发行版都是一样的。完成后，重新启动你的系统，你就可以安装 Flatpak 应用程序了。
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```
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flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
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```
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**提示**：如果你有别的远程仓库，你可以使用相同的命令来添加该仓库。在一个系统中设置多个远程仓库是正常的。
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**提示**：另外，你可以指定 `--user` 或 `--system` 开关来安装特定于你的用户 ID 或整个系统的 Flatpak 远程仓库。
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```
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flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists --user https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
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```
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```
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flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists --system https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
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```
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#### 3、从 Flathub 安装 Flatpak 应用程序
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Linux 中大多数重要的基于 GUI 的软件商店都默认允许安装 Flatpak 应用程序。例如，如果你正在使用“<ruby>软件<rt>Software</rt></ruby>”（适用于 Ubuntu 或 Fedora GNOME 版），你可以找到应用程序并点击安装按钮进行安装。
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或者，在 KDE Plasma 的 “<ruby>发现<rt>Discover</rt></ruby>” 中：
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![KDE “发现”可以从 Flathub 拉取 Flatpak 应用程序][3]
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但是，最简单的方法是复制 [Flathub 商店][4] 中的安装命令（可在每个应用程序信息页面的底部找到）并将其粘贴到终端。这是安装 Flatpak 应用程序的最快方法。
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```
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flatpak install org.kde.kdenlive
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```
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#### 4、运行一个应用程序
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有两种方法来运行你安装的 Flatpak 应用程序。你可以在图形化桌面环境的应用程序菜单中找到它。或者，你可以使用简单的运行（`run`）参数来启动。
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你可以从 Flathub 应用程序页面找到运行命令。
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```
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flatpak run org.kde.kdenlive
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```
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现在，你已经学会了如何设置、安装和运行 Flatpak 应用程序。现在是时候深入了解一下了。
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#### 5、找出已安装的 Flatpak 应用程序列表
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经过几年，你可能已经安装和删除了许多 Flatpak 应用程序。但是，你怎么找出安装了多少 Flatpak 应用程序？或者你可能想知道系统所安装的 Flatpak 应用是什么。
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这里有一些 Flatpak 命令（通过终端运行），可以在这方面帮助你。
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一个简单的 `flatpak` 命令可以列出所有安装的应用程序。这包括系统应用和你的应用：
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```
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flatpak list
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```
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只显示你的应用程序：
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```
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flatpak --user list
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```
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更详细一点，你可以在上述两个命令中使用额外的列（如名称、大小等）进行过滤：
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```
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flatpak --columns=app,name,size,installation list
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```
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```
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flatpak --columns=name,size --user list
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```
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![flatpak 带有额外列的列出命令][5]
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#### 6、找出已安装应用程序的更多信息
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现在，你已经通过上述 Flatpak 命令安装了一个应用程序。但是，如果你想知道架构、版本、分支、许可证和其他信息，该怎么办呢？你可以使用 `info` 参数来实现。这个命令需要 Flatpak 的 “应用 ID”，你可以通过上面的 `flatpak list` 命令得到它。
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例如：
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```
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flatpak info org.kde.kdenlive
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```
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![flatpak info 命令][6]
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#### 7、找出 flatpak 命令在你系统中的全部历史记录
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`flatpak` 命令中的 `histroy` 开关会列出在你的系统中发生的活动，包括安装、更新、卸载和日期时间戳。如果你想调查一些事情，这非常有用。
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```
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flatpak history
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```
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#### 8、更新 Flatpak 应用程序
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`flatpak` 命令中的 `update` 参数可以更新所有的应用程序和运行时。当你运行这个命令时，它会显示可用的更新，并要求你确认是否继续。
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```
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flatpak update
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```
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如果你想更新一个特定的应用程序而不是整个系统，请使用 `--app` 或 `--runtime` 开关，分别用于应用程序和运行时。
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例如，如果我想在我的系统中只更新 kdenlive，我将运行以下命令：
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```
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flatpak update --app org.kde.kdenlive
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```
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**提示**：`update` 参数通常会更新到任何程序的分支顶端。然而，使用 `update` 参数中的 `--commit` 开关，你可以更新到 Flatpak 中的某个特定分支（升级或降级）。例如：
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```
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flatpak update --app org.kde.kdenlive --commit 37103f4ee56361a73d20cf6957d88f3cab802909a5966c27a6e81d69795a15
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```
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如果你想使用同一个应用程序的多个版本，这个 `--commit` 开关是非常有用的。
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![flatpak 带有提交开关的更新命令示例][7]
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#### 9、管理 Flatpak 应用程序的权限
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不同的应用程序需要不同的权限，如摄像头、麦克风、屏幕等等。通过命令来管理这些单独的权限有点让人不知所措。因此，管理 Flatpak 权限的最好方法是使用另一个叫做 Flatseal 的 Flatpak 应用程序。它为你提供了一个漂亮的 GUI，有切换按钮来启用/禁用/审查已安装的 Flatpak 应用程序的权限。
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你可以在 [这里][8] 阅读 Flatseal 的更多信息。
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#### 10、卸载 Flatpak 应用程序的命令
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卸载 Flatpak 应用程序有不同的使用情况。所以，这里是快速指南。
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要卸载单个应用程序，使用 `uninstall` 参数和应用程序 ID。例如：
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```
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flatpak uninstall org.kde.kdenlive
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```
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要卸载所有应用程序，使用 `—all` 开关：
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```
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flatpak uninstall --all
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```
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要卸载未使用的应用程序，请使用以下方法：
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```
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flatpak uninstall --unused
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```
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#### 11、删除并去除 Flatpak 应用程序的所有痕迹
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**使用以下命令时要特别小心，因为它将删除一切。**
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即使你卸载了 Flatpak 应用程序，一些应用程序的数据仍然保留在你的系统中，除非你在运行卸载程序时增加一些开关。在你可能想删除所有东西并重新开始使用 Flatpak 的情况下，这是必要的。
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要卸载和删除特定应用程序的数据，请使用以下命令。例如：
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```
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flatpak uninstall -y --delete-data org.kde.kdenlive
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```
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要卸载和删除所有与 Flatpak 相关的东西，请使用下面的命令：
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||||
```
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flatpak uninstall --all --delete-data
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```
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#### 12、清理和磁盘空间的使用
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默认情况下，Flatpak 被安装在 `/var/lib/flatpak`。这个目录包含所有与 Flatpak 相关的数据和元数据以及运行时文件。而用户特定的安装目录是 `~/.local/share/flatpak`。
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你可以用以下命令找出 Flatpak 应用程序使用的磁盘空间。
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```
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du -h /var/lib/flatpak
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```
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要清理，你可以使用上面提到的 `--unused` 或 `--uninstall` 开关。详情请访问我们的 [Flatpak 清理指南][9]。
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### 总结
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为了便于你随时参考，这里是对上面解释的 `flatpak` 命令的一个总结。把这个页面收藏起来，以便于参考。
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```
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# 安装和运行
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flatpak install org.kde.kdenlive
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flatpak run org.kde.kdenlive
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# 列出已安装的 Flatpak 应用程序
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flatpak list
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flatpak --user list
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flatpak --columns=app,name,size,installation list
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flatpak --columns=name,size --user list
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# 找出应用 ID 和命令历史
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flatpak info org.kde.kdenlive
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flatpak history
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# 更新 Flatpak 应用程序
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flatpak update
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flatpak update --app org.kde.kdenlive
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# 删除 Flatpak 应用程序
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flatpak uninstall org.kde.kdenlive
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flatpak uninstall --unused
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# 删除应用及数据（小心使用）
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flatpak uninstall --all
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flatpak uninstall -y --delete-data org.kde.kdenlive
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flatpak uninstall --all --delete-data
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```
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最后，请在评论框中告诉我，你认为还有哪些 Flatpak 命令也应该包括在这个列表中。
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[一些例子来自官方参考资料][10]。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
|
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via: https://www.debugpoint.com/flatpak-commands/
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|
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/fpref-1024x576.jpg
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
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[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10760
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[4]: https://flathub.org/apps
|
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[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10758
|
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[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10757
|
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[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Example-of-flatpak-commands-update-with-commit-1024x576.jpg
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[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/manage-flatpak-permission-flatseal/
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[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/clean-up-flatpak/
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||||
[10]: https://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/flatpak-command-reference.html
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@ -1,283 +0,0 @@
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[#]: subject: "Become A Pro Flatpak User By Learning These Commands"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/flatpak-commands/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Become A Pro Flatpak User By Learning These Commands
|
||||
======
|
||||
In this article, I will show you various Flatpak commands that make you a pro Flatpak user.
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Flatpak sandboxed technology is the future of Linux app distribution. Almost all significant distributions come with Flatpak pre-installed today since the adoption is easy and maintaining it more straightforward.
|
||||
|
||||
If you use Flatpak every day, you probably know these commands. But if you are still considering moving to Flatpak for every app, then you should go through this list to understand how easy to manage Flatpak apps.
|
||||
|
||||
Hence, to help you do that, I have listed some easy-to-use Flatpak commands for your reference, filtered from the huge set of command-set from documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
### Flatpak Commands Reference
|
||||
|
||||
First, let’s talk about some basic commands.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Installing Flatpak
|
||||
|
||||
Since last time I checked, all the significant distros come with pre-installed Flatpak packages today. Hence, you may not require to install it.
|
||||
|
||||
However, installing Flatpak is as easy as running the following command for two major distro lineups.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install flatpak // for Ubuntu and related distros
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install flatpak // for Fedora and RPM based distros
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may check out our [detailed guide][2] on Flatpak installation, if you are running any other distro.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Set up Flatpak Remote
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you need to set up a connection to remotes after installation. The remotes are like repositories (think about PPA) which distribute Flatpak apps.
|
||||
|
||||
The primary repo is Flathub, and you can set it up using the following command. This command is same for all distros. And after you finish, reboot your system and you are ready to install Flatpak apps.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Tip**: If you have a different remote, you may use the same command to add that remote. Its normal to have multiple remotes set up in a single system.
|
||||
|
||||
**Tip**: Also, you can specify `--user` or `--system` switch to install the Flatpak remotes specific to your user id or the entire system!
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists --user https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists --system https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Installing a Flatpak app from Flathub
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the significant GUI-based Software stores in Linux allow Flatpak installation by default. For example, if you are using Software (for Ubuntu or Fedora – GNOME), you can find and click on the install button to install.
|
||||
|
||||
Or, in KDE Plasma’s discover:
|
||||
|
||||
![KDE Discover can pull up Flatpak apps from Flathub][3]
|
||||
|
||||
But, the easiest way is to copy the install command from the [Flathub store][4] (available at the bottom of each app info page) and paste it into the terminal. This is the fastest way to install any Flatpak app.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak install org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Running an application
|
||||
|
||||
There are two ways to run a Flatpak app which you installed. You can either find it in the application menu in the graphical desktop environment. Or, you can use the simple run command to launch.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find the run command from the Flathub app page.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak run org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now, you have learned how to set up, install and run the Flatpak app. It’s time to go a little deeper.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Find out list of Flatpak apps you have installed
|
||||
|
||||
Over the years, you may have installed and removed many Flatpak apps. But, how can you find out how many Flatpak apps I have installed at any given time? Or you might be wondering what the Flatpak apps that are installed by the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some Flatpak commands (to run via terminal) that can help you in this regard as FAQ.
|
||||
|
||||
* Simple Flatpak commands to list all installed app. This includes both system apps and your apps.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak list
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* Command to display only your apps.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak --user list
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* A little more detail you can filter using additional columns (such as name, size etc) in both the above commands.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak --columns=app,name,size,installation list
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak --columns=name,size --user list
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![flatpak list command with additional columns][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. Find out more information about an installed app
|
||||
|
||||
Now, you have installed an app via above Flatpak commands. But what if you want to find out the architecture, version, branch, licence and other information. You can do that using the `info` switch. This command requires the Flatpak `Application ID` which you can get it via above `flatpak list` command.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak info org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![flatpak info command][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. Find out entire history of flatpak command in your system
|
||||
|
||||
The histroy switch in flatpak command gives you a list of activities happened in your system that includes install, update, uninstall with date time stamp. It’s very useful if you want to trying to investigate something.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak history
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. Updating Flatpak apps
|
||||
|
||||
The update switch in flatpak command updates all applications and runtimes. When you run this command, it will show you the available updates and asks for your confirmation to proceed.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak update
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to update a specific application and not the entire system use the `--app` or `--runtime` switch for applications and runtimes respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if I want to update only kdenlive in my system, I would run the following.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak update --app org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Tip**: The update command usually updates to the top of the branch of any program. However, using the `--commit` switch in update parameter, you can update to a specific branch (upgrade or downgrade) in flatpak. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak update --app org.kde.kdenlive --commit 37103f4ee56361a73d20cf6957d88f3c3cab802909a5966c27a6e81d69795a15
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This commit switch is very helpful if you want to play around several version of same app.
|
||||
|
||||
![Example of flatpak commands update with commit][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9. Managing permission of flatpak apps
|
||||
|
||||
Different application require variety of permissions such as webcam, microphone, screen and so on. Managing these individual permissions are a little overwhelming via commands. Hence, the best way to manage Flatpak permission is using another flatpak app called Flatseal. It gives you a nice GUI with toggle buttons to enable/disable/review permissions of the installed Flatpak apps.
|
||||
|
||||
You can read more about [Flatseal here][8].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. Commands to uninstall Flatpak applications
|
||||
|
||||
There are different use cases for uninstall a flatpak app. So, here’s quick guide.
|
||||
|
||||
To uninstall a single application, use the `uninstall` switch with application ID. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak uninstall org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To uninstall all apps, use the `--all` switch.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak uninstall --all
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To uninstall unused apps, use the following.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak uninstall --unused
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11. Delete and remove every trace of Flatpak apps
|
||||
|
||||
**Use the following commands with extreme caution, since it will delete everything.**
|
||||
|
||||
Even if you uninstall a Flatpak app, some app data remains in your system unless you run the uninstall with some additional switch. Its necessary for cases where you might want to delete everything and start afresh with Flatpak.
|
||||
|
||||
To uninstall and delete data for a specific app, use the following command. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak uninstall -y --delete-data org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To uninstall and delete everything related to Flatpak, use below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak uninstall --all --delete-data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12. Cleanup and disk space usage
|
||||
|
||||
By default Flatpak gets installed in `/var/lib/flatpak`. This directory contains all flatpak related data and metadata plus runtime files. And the user specific installation directory is `~/.local/share/flatpak`.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find out the disk space used by Flatpak apps using the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
du -h /var/lib/flatpak
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To clean up, you can use the unused or uninstall commands mentioned above. For details, visit our [flatpak cleanup guide][9].
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary
|
||||
|
||||
For your ready reference, here’s a summary of the Flatpak commands explained above. And bookmark this page for easy reference.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# install and run
|
||||
flatpak install org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
flatpak run org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
|
||||
#various ways of list installed apps
|
||||
flatpak list
|
||||
flatpak --user list
|
||||
flatpak --columns=app,name,size,installation list
|
||||
flatpak --columns=name,size --user list
|
||||
|
||||
# find out app id and history
|
||||
flatpak info org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
flatpak history
|
||||
|
||||
# updating flatpak
|
||||
flatpak update
|
||||
flatpak update --app org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
|
||||
# uninstalling flatpak apps
|
||||
flatpak uninstall org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
flatpak uninstall --unused
|
||||
|
||||
# uninstall everything (use with caution)
|
||||
flatpak uninstall --all
|
||||
flatpak uninstall -y --delete-data org.kde.kdenlive
|
||||
flatpak uninstall --all --delete-data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, do let me know in the comment box which Flatpak commands you think should also be included in this list.
|
||||
|
||||
*[Some examples via the official reference.][10]*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/flatpak-commands/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/fpref-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10760
|
||||
[4]: https://flathub.org/apps
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10758
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10757
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Example-of-flatpak-commands-update-with-commit-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/manage-flatpak-permission-flatseal/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/clean-up-flatpak/
|
||||
[10]: https://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/flatpak-command-reference.html
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user