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[translated] 20140818 Where And How To Code--Choosing The Best Free Code Editor.md
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Where And How To Code: Choosing The Best Free Code Editor
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A close look at Cloud9, Koding and Nitrous.IO.
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**Ready to start your first coding project? Great! Just configure** Terminal or Command Prompt, learn to use it and then install all the languages, add-on libraries and APIs you’ll need. When you're finally through with all that, you can get started with installing [Visual Studio][1] so you can preview your work.
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At least that's how you used to have to do it.
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No wonder beginning coders are increasingly turning to online integrated development environments (IDEs). An IDE is a code editor that comes ready to work with languages and all their dependencies, saving you the hassle of installing them on your computer.
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I wanted to learn more about what constitutes the typical IDE, so I took a look at the free tier for three of the most popular integrated development environments out there: [Cloud9][2], [Koding][3], and [Nitrous.IO][4]. In the process, I learned a lot about the cases in which programmers would and would not want to use IDEs.
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### Why Use An IDE? ###
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If a text editor is like Microsoft Word, think of an IDE as Google Drive. You get similar functionality, but it's accessible from any computer and ready to share. As the Internet becomes an increasingly influential part of project workflow, IDEs make life easier.
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I used Nitrous.IO for my last ReadWrite tutorial, the Python app in [Create Your Own Obnoxiously Simple Messaging App Just Like Yo][5]. When you use an IDE, you select the language you want to work in so you can test and preview how it looks on the IDE’s Virtual Machine (VM) designed to run programs written specifically in that language.
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If you read the tutorial, you'll see there are only two API libraries that my app depended on—messaging service Twilio and Python microframework Flask. That would have been easy to build using a text editor and Terminal on my computer, but I chose an IDE for yet another convenience: when everyone is using the same developer environment, it’s easier to follow along with a tutorial.
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### What An IDE Is Not ###
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Still, an IDE is not a long term hosting solution.
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When you’re working on an IDE, you’re able to build, test and preview your app in the cloud. You’re even able to share the final draft via link.
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But you can’t use an IDE to store your project permanently. You wouldn't ditch your blog in favor of hosting your posts as Google Drive documents. Like Google Drive, IDEs allow you to link and share content, but neither are equipped to replace real hosting.
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What's more, IDEs aren't designed for wide-spread sharing. Despite the increased functionality IDEs add to the preview capability of most text editors, stick with showing off your app preview to friends and coworkers, not with, say, the front page of Hacker News. In that case, your IDE would probably shut you down for excessive traffic.
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Think of it this way: an IDE is a place to build and test your app; a host is a place for it to live. So once you’ve finalized your app, you’ll want to deploy it on a cloud-based service that lets you host apps long term, preferably one with a free hosting option like [Heroku][6].
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### Choosing An IDE ###
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As IDEs become more popular, more are popping up all the time. In my opinion, there’s no perfect IDE. However, some IDEs are better for certain work process priorities than others.
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I took a look at the free tier for three of the most popular integrated development environments out there: Cloud9, Koding, and Nitrous.IO. Each has its benefits, depending on what you're working on. Here's what I found.
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### Cloud9: Ready To Collaborate ###
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When I signed up for Cloud9, one of the first things it prompted me to do was integrate my GitHub and BitBucket accounts. Instantly, all my GitHub projects, solo and collaborative, were ready to clone and work on in Cloud9’s development tool. Other IDEs have nowhere near this level of GitHub integration.
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Out of the three IDEs I looked at, Cloud9 seemed most intent on ensuring an environment where I could work seamlessly with co-coders. Here, it’s not just a chat function in the corner. In fact, said CEO Ruben Daniels, Cloud9 collaborators can see each others coding in real time, just like co-authors are able to on Google Drive.
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“Most services’ collaborative features only work on a single file,” said Daniels. “Ours work on multiples throughout the project. Collaboration is fully integrated within the IDE.”
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### Koding: Help When You Need It ###
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IDEs give you the tools you need to build and test applications in the gamut of open source languages. For a beginner, that can be a little bit intimidating. For example, if I’m working on a project with both Python and Ruby components, which VM do I use for testing?
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The answer is both, though on a free account, you can only turn on one VM for testing at a time. I was able to find that out right on my Koding dashboard, which doubles as a place for users to give and get advice on their Koding projects. Of the three, it’s the most transparent when it comes to where you can ask for assistance and hear back in minutes.
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“We have an active community built into the application,” said Nitin Gupta, Chief Business Officer at Koding. “We wanted to create an environment that is extremely attractive to people who need help and who want to help.”
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### Nitrous.IO: An IDE Wherever You Want ###
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The ultimate advantage of using an IDE over your own desktop environment is that it’s self-contained. You don’t have to install anything to use it. On the other hand, the ultimate advantage of using your own desktop environment is that you can work locally, even without Internet.
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Nitrous.IO gives you the best of both worlds. You can use the IDE on the Web, or you can download it to your own computer, said cofounder AJ Solimine. The advantage is that you can merge the integrations of Nitrous with the familiarity of your preferred text editor.
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“You can access Nitrous.IO from any modern web browser via our online Web IDE, but we also have handy desktop applications for Windows and Mac that let you edit with your favorite editor,” he said.
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### The Bottom Line ###
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The most surprising thing I learned from a week of [using][7] three different IDEs? How similar they are. [When it comes to the basics of coding][8], they’re all equally helpful.
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Cloud9, Koding, [and Nitrous.IO all support][9] every major open source language, from Ruby to Python to PHP to HTML5. You can choose from any of those VMs.
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Both Cloud9 and Nitrous.IO have built-in one-click GitHub integration. For Koding there are a [couple more steps][10], but it can be done.
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Each integrated easily with the APIs I needed. Each let me install my preferred package installers, too (and Koding made me do it as a superuser). They all have a built in Terminal for easily testing and deploying projects. All three allow you to easily preview your project. And of course, they all hosted my project in the cloud so I could work on it anywhere.
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On the downside, they all had the same negatives, which is reasonable when you consider they're free. You can only run one VM at a time to test a program written in a particular language. When you’re not using your VM for a while, the IDE preserves bandwidth by putting it into hibernation and you have to wait for it to reload next time you use it (and Cloud9 was especially laborious). None of them make a good permanent host for your finished projects.
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So to answer those who ask me if there’s a perfect free IDE out there, probably not. But depending on your priorities, there might be one that’s perfect for your project.
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Lead image courtesy of [Shutterstock][11]
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via: http://readwrite.com/2014/08/14/cloud9-koding-nitrousio-integrated-development-environment-ide-coding
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作者：[Lauren Orsini][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://readwrite.com/author/lauren-orsini
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[1]:http://www.visualstudio.com/
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[2]:http://c9.io/
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[3]:https://koding.com/
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[4]:http://nitrous.io/
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[5]:http://readwrite.com/2014/07/11/one-click-messaging-app
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[6]:http://heroku.com/
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[7]:http://help.nitrous.io/ide-general/
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[8]:https://www.nitrous.io/desktop
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[9]:https://www.nitrous.io/desktop
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[10]:https://koding.com/Activity/steps-clone-projects-github-koding-1-create-account-github-2-open-your-terminal-3
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[11]:http://www.shutterstock.com/
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在哪儿以及怎么写代码：选择最好的免费代码编辑器
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深入了解一下Cloud9，Koding和Nitrous.IO。
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**已经准备好开始你的第一个编程项目了吗？很好！只要配置一下**终端或命令行，学习如何使用并安装所有要用到的编程语言，插件库和API函数库。当最终准备好一切以后，再安装好[Visual Studio][1]就可以开始了，然后才可以预览自己的工作。
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至少这是大家过去已经熟悉的方式。
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也难怪初学程序员们逐渐喜欢上在线集成开发环境(IDE)了。IDE是一个代码编辑器，不过已经准备好编程语言以及所有需要的依赖，可以让你避免把它们一一安装到电脑上的麻烦。
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我想搞清楚到底是哪些因素能组成一个典型的IDE，所以我试用了一下免费级别的时下最受欢迎的三款集成开发环境：[Cloud9][2]，[Koding][3]和[Nitrous.IO][4]。在这个过程中，我了解了许多程序员应该或不应该使用IDE的各种情形。
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### 为什么要用IDE？ ###
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假如有一个像Microsoft Word那样的文字编辑器，想想类似Google Drive那样的IDE吧。你可以拥有类似的功能，但是它还能支持从任意电脑上访问，还能随时共享。因为因特网在项目工作流中的影响已经越来越重要，IDE也让生活更轻松。
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在我最近的一篇ReadWrite教程中我使用了Nitrous.IO，这是在文章[创建一个你自己的像Yo那样的极端简单的聊天应用][5]里的一个Python应用。当使用IDE的时候，你只要选择你要用的编程语言，然后通过IDE特别设计用来运行这种语言程序的虚拟机（VM），你就可以测试和预览你的应用了。
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如果你读过那篇教程，就会知道我的那个应用只用到了两个API库－信息服务Twilio和Python微框架Flask。在我的电脑上就算是使用文字编辑器和终端来做也是很简单的，不过我选择使用IDE还有一个方便的地方：如果大家都使用同样的开发环境，跟着教程一步步走下去就更简单了。
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### IDE不能做的事情 ###
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到目前为止，IDE还不是一个长期托管方案。
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当你使用IDE工作的时候，你可以在云上构建，测试和预览你的应用。你甚至还可以直接通过链接共享你的最终作品。
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但是不能用IDE来永久存储你的整个项目。把帖子保存在Google Drive文件中不会让你的博客丢失。类似Google Drive，IDE可以让你创建链接用于共享内容，但是任何一个都还不足以替代真正的托管服务器。
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还有，IDE并不是设计成方便广泛共享。尽管各种IDE都在不断改善大多数文字编辑器的预览功能，还只能用来给你的朋友或同事展示一下应用预览，而不是，比如说，类似Hacker News的主页。那样的话，占用太多带宽的IDE也许会让你崩溃。
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这样说吧：IDE只是构建和测试你的应用的地方，托管服务器才是它们生存的地方。所以一旦完成了你的应用，你会希望把它布置到能长期托管的云服务器上，最好是能免费托管的那种，例如[Heroku][6]。
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### 选择一个IDE ###
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随着IDE变得越来越流行，选择也越来越多。在我眼里，没有一个是完美的。不过，还是有些IDE在完成某些工作方面相对来说有些优势。
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我尝试了一下免费级别的三个最受欢迎的集成开发环境：Cloud9，Koding和Nitrous.IO。每一个都有自己的优点，当然跟你用来做的事情有关系。下面就是我的发现。
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### Cloud9：乐于协作 ###
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当我完成了Cloud9的注册后，它提示的第一件事情就是添加我的GitHub和BitBucket账号。马上，所有我的GitHub项目，个人的和协作的，都可以直接克隆到本地并使用Cloud9的开发工具开始工作。其他的IDE在和GitHub集成的方面都没有达到这种水准。
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在我测试的这三款IDE中，Cloud9看起来更加侧重于一个可以让协同工作的人们无缝衔接工作的环境。在这里，它并不是角落里放个聊天窗口。实际上，按照CEO Ruben Daniels说的，试用Cloud9的协作者可以互相看到其他人实时的编码情况，就像Google Drive上的合作者那样。
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“大多数IDE服务的协同功能只能操作单一文件”，Daniels说，“而我们的产品可以支持整个项目中的不同文件。协同功能被完美集成到了我们的IDE中。”
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### Koding：在你需要的时候能提供帮助 ###
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IDE可以提供你所需的工具来构建和测试所有开源编程语言的应用。对于初学者来说，看起来有点吓人。举个例子，如果我要做一个项目同时用到Python和Ruby组件，那我要用哪个VM来测试？
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答案是两个都要，尽管使用免费账号的话，只能够同时打开一个VM用于测试。我就在Koding的控制面板里找到了答案，一个折叠起来的地方，用户可以提供或获得他们Koding项目的各种经验。在这三者中间，它是最容易使用的，拥有一个你可以寻求帮助并很快有人回答的地方。
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“我们在这款产品里加入了一个积极的社区功能”，Koding的首席商务官Nitin Gupta说，“我们希望搭建一个环境，真正吸引那些希望得到帮助和愿意提供帮助的人们。”
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### Nitrous.IO: An IDE Wherever You Want ###
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相对于自己的桌面环境，使用IDE的最大优势是它是自包含的。你不需要安装任何其他的就可以使用。而另一方面，使用自己的桌面环境的最大优势就是你可以在本地工作，甚至在没有互联网的情况下。
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Nitrous.IO结合了这两个优势。你可以在网站上在线使用这个IDE，你也可以把它下载到自己的饿电脑上，共同创始人AJ Solimine这样说。优点是你可以结合Nitrous的集成性和你最喜欢的文字编辑器的熟悉。
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他说：“你可以使用任意当代浏览器访问Nitrous.IO的在线IDE网站，但我们仍然提供了方便的Windows和Mac桌面应用，可以让你使用你最喜欢的编辑器来写代码。”
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### 底线 ###
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这一个星期的[使用][7]三个不同IDE的最让我意外的收获？它们是如此相似。[当用来做最基本的代码编辑的时候][8]，它们都一样的好用。
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Cloud9，Koding，[和Nitrous.IO都支持][9]所有主流的开源编程语言，从Ruby到Python到PHP到HTML5。你可以选择任何一种VM。
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Cloud9和Nitrous.IO都实现了GitHub的一键集成。Koding需要[多几个步骤][10]，不过也是可以实现的。
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每一个都轻松地集成了我需要的API。每一个也都可以让我自己安装喜欢的包（Koding需要超级用户权限）。它们都带有内置的终端，可以用来轻松地测试和布置项目。三个都支持轻松地预览项目。当然，它们也都把我的项目托管在云服务器中，所以我在任意地方都可以在上边工作。
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不好的一面，它们都有相同的缺陷，不过考虑到它们都是免费的也还合理。你每次只能同时运行一个VM来测试特定编程语言写出的程序。而当你一段时间没有使用VM之后，IDE会把VM切换成休眠模式以节省带宽，而下次要用的时候就得等它重新加载（Cloud9在这一点上更加费力）。它们中也没有任何一个为已完成的项目提供像样的永久托管服务。
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所以，对咨询我是否有一个完美的免费IDE的人，答案是可能没有。但是这也要看你侧重的地方，对你的某个项目来说也许有一个完美的IDE。
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图片由[Shutterstock][11]友情提供
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via: http://readwrite.com/2014/08/14/cloud9-koding-nitrousio-integrated-development-environment-ide-coding
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作者：[Lauren Orsini][a]
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译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://readwrite.com/author/lauren-orsini
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[1]:http://www.visualstudio.com/
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[2]:http://c9.io/
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[3]:https://koding.com/
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[4]:http://nitrous.io/
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[5]:http://readwrite.com/2014/07/11/one-click-messaging-app
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[6]:http://heroku.com/
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[7]:http://help.nitrous.io/ide-general/
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[8]:https://www.nitrous.io/desktop
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[9]:https://www.nitrous.io/desktop
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[10]:https://koding.com/Activity/steps-clone-projects-github-koding-1-create-account-github-2-open-your-terminal-3
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[11]:http://www.shutterstock.com/
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