From 4377eb037d41a2ae88ae2f56804ac2cc543f7770 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 09:20:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Delete 20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md --- ... automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md | 143 ------------------ 1 file changed, 143 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md b/sources/tech/20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4f96731332..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -translating by shipsw - -How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL/CentOS Linux -====== -The yum command line tool is used to install and update software packages under RHEL / CentOS Linux server. I know how to apply updates using [yum update command line][1], but I would like to use cron to update packages where appropriate manually. How do I configure yum to install software patches/updates [automatically with cron][2]? - -You need to install yum-cron package. It provides files needed to run yum updates as a cron job. Install this package if you want auto yum updates nightly via cron. - -### How to install yum cron on a CentOS/RHEL 6.x/7.x - -Type the following [yum command][3] on: -`$ sudo yum install yum-cron` -![](https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2009/05/How-to-install-yum-cron-on-CentOS-RHEL-server.jpg) - -Turn on service using systemctl command on **CentOS/RHEL 7.x** : -``` -$ sudo systemctl enable yum-cron.service -$ sudo systemctl start yum-cron.service -$ sudo systemctl status yum-cron.service -``` -If you are using **CentOS/RHEL 6.x** , run: -``` -$ sudo chkconfig yum-cron on -$ sudo service yum-cron start -``` -![](https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2009/05/How-to-turn-on-yum-cron-service-on-CentOS-or-RHEL-server.jpg) - -yum-cron is an alternate interface to yum. Very convenient way to call yum from cron. It provides methods to keep repository metadata up to date, and to check for, download, and apply updates. Rather than accepting many different command line arguments, the different functions of yum-cron can be accessed through config files. - -### How to configure yum-cron to automatically update RHEL/CentOS Linux - -You need to edit /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf and /etc/yum/yum-cron-hourly.conf files using a text editor such as vi command: -`$ sudo vi /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf` -Make sure updates should be applied when they are available -`apply_updates = yes` -You can set the address to send email messages from. Please note that ‘localhost’ will be replaced with the value of system_name. -`email_from = root@localhost` -List of addresses to send messages to. -`email_to = your-it-support@some-domain-name` -Name of the host to connect to to send email messages. -`email_host = localhost` -If you [do not want to update kernel package add the following on CentOS/RHEL 7.x][4]: -`exclude=kernel*` -For RHEL/CentOS 6.x add [the following to exclude kernel package from updating][5]: -`YUM_PARAMETER=kernel*` -[Save and close the file in vi/vim][6]. You also need to update /etc/yum/yum-cron-hourly.conf file if you want to apply update hourly. Otherwise /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf will run on daily using the following cron job (us [cat command][7]: -`$ cat /etc/cron.daily/0yum-daily.cron` -Sample outputs: -``` -#!/bin/bash -  -# Only run if this flag is set. The flag is created by the yum-cron init -# script when the service is started -- this allows one to use chkconfig and -# the standard "service stop|start" commands to enable or disable yum-cron. -if [[ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/yum-cron ]]; then - exit 0 -fi -  -# Action! -exec /usr/sbin/yum-cron /etc/yum/yum-cron-hourly.conf -[root@centos7-box yum]# cat /etc/cron.daily/0yum-daily.cron -#!/bin/bash -  -# Only run if this flag is set. The flag is created by the yum-cron init -# script when the service is started -- this allows one to use chkconfig and -# the standard "service stop|start" commands to enable or disable yum-cron. -if [[ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/yum-cron ]]; then - exit 0 -fi -  -# Action! -exec /usr/sbin/yum-cron -``` - -That is all. Now your system will update automatically everyday using yum-cron. See man page of yum-cron for more details: -`$ man yum-cron` - -### Method 2 – Use shell scripts - -**Warning** : The following method is outdated. Do not use it on RHEL/CentOS 6.x/7.x. I kept it below for historical reasons only when I used it on CentOS/RHEL version 4.x/5.x. - -Let us see how to configure CentOS/RHEL for yum automatic update retrieval and installation of security packages. You can use yum-updatesd service provided with CentOS / RHEL servers. However, this service provides a few overheads. You can create daily or weekly updates with the following shell script. Create - - * **/etc/cron.daily/yumupdate.sh** to apply updates one a day. - * **/etc/cron.weekly/yumupdate.sh** to apply updates once a week. - - - -#### Sample shell script to update system - -A shell script that instructs yum to update any packages it finds via [cron][8]: -``` -#!/bin/bash -YUM=/usr/bin/yum -$YUM -y -R 120 -d 0 -e 0 update yum -$YUM -y -R 10 -e 0 -d 0 update -``` - -(Code listing -01: /etc/cron.daily/yumupdate.sh) - -Where, - - 1. First command will update yum itself and next will apply system updates. - 2. **-R 120** : Sets the maximum amount of time yum will wait before performing a command - 3. **-e 0** : Sets the error level to 0 (range 0 – 10). 0 means print only critical errors about which you must be told. - 4. -d 0 : Sets the debugging level to 0 – turns up or down the amount of things that are printed. (range: 0 – 10). - 5. **-y** : Assume yes; assume that the answer to any question which would be asked is yes. - - - -Make sure you setup executable permission: -`# chmod +x /etc/cron.daily/yumupdate.sh` - - -### about the author - -Posted by: - -The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][9], [Facebook][10], [Google+][11]. Get the **latest tutorials on SysAdmin, Linux/Unix and open source topics via[my RSS/XML feed][12]**. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/fedora-automatic-update-retrieval-installation-with-cron/ - -作者：[Vivek Gite][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/ -[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/ -[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-add-jobs-to-cron-under-linux-or-unix-oses -[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/ (See Linux/Unix yum command examples for more info) -[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/yum-update-except-kernel-package-command/ -[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/redhat-centos-linux-yum-update-exclude-packages/ -[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-vim-save-and-quit-command/ -[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-appleosx-bsd-cat-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix cat command examples for more info) -[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-add-jobs-to-cron-under-linux-or-unix-oses -[9]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft -[10]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft -[11]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz -[12]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/atom/atom.xml From 6eab97cd3bceee7671d52987ef520a0164f61c34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 09:21:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux translated by shipsw --- ... automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux | 141 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 141 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux diff --git a/translated/tech/How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux b/translated/tech/How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b17db43664 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +translating by shipsw + +如何使用 yum-cron 自动更新 RHEL/CentOS Linux +====== +yum 命令是 RHEL / CentOS Linux 系统中用来安装和更新软件包的一个工具。知道如何使用 [yum 命令行] 更新系统，但是我想用 cron 手工更新软件包。该如何配置才能使得 yum 使用 [cron 自动更新][2]系统补丁或更新呢？ + +首先需要安装 yum-cron 软件包。该软件包提供以 cron 命令运行 yum 更新所需的文件。安装这个软件可以使得 yum 以 cron 命令每晚更新。 + +### CentOS/RHEL 6.x/7.x 上安装 yum cron + +输入以下 [yum 命令][3]: +`$ sudo yum install yum-cron` +![](https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2009/05/How-to-install-yum-cron-on-CentOS-RHEL-server.jpg) + +使用 **CentOS/RHEL 7.x** 上的 systemctl 启动服务： +``` +$ sudo systemctl enable yum-cron.service +$ sudo systemctl start yum-cron.service +$ sudo systemctl status yum-cron.service +``` +在 **CentOS/RHEL 6.x** 系统中，运行： +``` +$ sudo chkconfig yum-cron on +$ sudo service yum-cron start +``` +![](https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2009/05/How-to-turn-on-yum-cron-service-on-CentOS-or-RHEL-server.jpg) + +yum-cron 是 yum 的一个调用接口。使得 cron 调用 yum 变得非常方便。该软件提供元数据更新，更新检查、下载和安装等功能。yum-cron 的不同功能可以使用高配置文件配置，而不是输入一堆复杂的命令行参数。 + +### 配置 yum-cron 自动更新 RHEL/CentOS Linux + +使用 vi 等编辑器编辑文件 /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf 和 /etc/yum/yum-cron-hourly.conf： +`$ sudo vi /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf` +确保更新可用时自动更新 +`apply_updates = yes` +可以设置通知 email 地址。注意： localhost 将会被系统名称代替。 +`email_from = root@localhost` +email 通知地址列表。 +`email_to = your-it-support@some-domain-name` +发送 email 信息的主机名。 +`email_host = localhost` +[CentOS/RHEL 7.x][4] 上不想更新内核的话，添加以下内容： +`exclude=kernel*` +RHEL/CentOS 6.x 下[添加以下内容来禁用内核更新][5]： +`YUM_PARAMETER=kernel*` +[保存并关闭文件][6]。如果想每小时更新系统的话修改文件 /etc/yum/yum-cron-hourly.conf，否则文件 /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf 将使用以下命令每天运行一次[cat 命令][7]： +`$ cat /etc/cron.daily/0yum-daily.cron` +示例输出： +``` +#!/bin/bash + +# Only run if this flag is set. The flag is created by the yum-cron init +# script when the service is started -- this allows one to use chkconfig and +# the standard "service stop|start" commands to enable or disable yum-cron. +if [[ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/yum-cron ]]; then + exit 0 +fi + +# Action! +exec /usr/sbin/yum-cron /etc/yum/yum-cron-hourly.conf +[root@centos7-box yum]# cat /etc/cron.daily/0yum-daily.cron +#!/bin/bash + +# Only run if this flag is set. The flag is created by the yum-cron init +# script when the service is started -- this allows one to use chkconfig and +# the standard "service stop|start" commands to enable or disable yum-cron. +if [[ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/yum-cron ]]; then + exit 0 +fi + +# Action! +exec /usr/sbin/yum-cron +``` + +完成配置。现在你的系统将每天自动更新一次。更多细节请参照 yum-cron 的说明手册。 +`$ man yum-cron` + +### 方法二 – 使用 shell 脚本 + +**警告** : 以下命令已经过时了. 不要在 RHEL/CentOS 6.x/7.x 系统中使用。 我写在这里仅仅是因为历史原因，该命令适合 CentOS/RHEL version 4.x/5.x 上运行。 + +让我们看看如何在 CentOS/RHEL 上配置 yum 安全更新包的检索和安装。你可以使用 CentOS / RHEL 提供的 yum-updatesd 服务。然而，系统提供的服务开销有点大。你可以使用以下的 shell 脚本配置每天后每周的系统更新。 + + * **/etc/cron.daily/yumupdate.sh** 每天更新 + * **/etc/cron.weekly/yumupdate.sh** 每周更新 + + + +#### 系统更新的示例脚本 + +以下脚本功能是使用 [cron][8] 定时安装更新更新： +``` +#!/bin/bash +YUM=/usr/bin/yum +$YUM -y -R 120 -d 0 -e 0 update yum +$YUM -y -R 10 -e 0 -d 0 update +``` + +(Code listing -01: /etc/cron.daily/yumupdate.sh) + +其中： + + 1. 第一条命令更新 yum 自己。 + 2. **-R 120** : 设置允许一条命令前的等待最长时间 + 3. **-e 0** : 设置错误级别为 0 （范围 0-10）。0 意味着只有关键性错误才会显示。 + 4. -d 0 : 设置 debug 级别为 0 。增加或减少打印日志的量。(范围 0-10) + 5. **-y** : 默认同意；任何提示问题默认回答为 yes。 + + + +设置脚本的执行权限： +`# chmod +x /etc/cron.daily/yumupdate.sh` + + +### 关于作者 + +作者是 nixCraft 的创始人，一个经验丰富的系统管理员和 Linux/Unix 脚本培训师。他曾与全球客户合作，领域涉及IT，教育，国防和空间研究以及非营利部门等多个行业。请在 [Twitter][9]、[Facebook][10]、[Google+][11] 上关注他。**获取更多有关系统管理、Linux/Unix 和开源话题请关注[我的 RSS/XML 地址][12]**。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/fedora-automatic-update-retrieval-installation-with-cron/ + +作者：[Vivek Gite][a] +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/ +[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/ +[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-add-jobs-to-cron-under-linux-or-unix-oses +[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/ (See Linux/Unix yum command examples for more info) +[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/yum-update-except-kernel-package-command/ +[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/redhat-centos-linux-yum-update-exclude-packages/ +[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-vim-save-and-quit-command/ +[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-appleosx-bsd-cat-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix cat command examples for more info) +[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-add-jobs-to-cron-under-linux-or-unix-oses +[9]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft +[10]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft +[11]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz +[12]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/atom/atom.xml From cdd440e91c492e7bcdf804b28b4c719bd5c11cd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Xingyu.Wang" Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 10:00:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Rename How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux to 20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md --- ... to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename translated/tech/{How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux => 20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md} (100%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux b/translated/tech/20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from translated/tech/How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL or CentOS Linux rename to translated/tech/20090518 How to use yum-cron to automatically update RHEL-CentOS Linux.md