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71
sources/news/20210909 Ubuntu-s Yaru Theme Now Officially Supports Xfce.md
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[#]: subject: "Ubuntu’s Yaru Theme Now Officially Supports Xfce"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/yaru-xfce-support/"
[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Ubuntu’s Yaru Theme Now Officially Supports Xfce
======
Back when [Ubuntu 20.04][1] was released, the Ubuntu team stunned everyone with the new Yaru theme’s beautiful visuals and simplicity. It keeps on getting better with each Ubuntu release. It has become the symbolism of Ubuntu now.
However, the Yaru theme was not well supported for other desktop environments like Xfce.
Fortunately, this is set to change with a recent pull request on the [project’s GitHub page][2]. Here, we will be looking at this change, as well as how to try out these changes for yourself.
### Yaru on Xfce
![][3]
This update started in late July, when developer [Muqtxdir][4] opened [a pull request on the Yaru GitHub page][5] to add support for the XFCE desktop environment. Over the course of a month, the awesome developers there worked tirelessly on improving Muqtxdir’s work, with a result that is truly stunning.
![][3]
One interesting change is the panel, which now looks similar to the panel found in the GNOME desktop environment.
### If you want to try it right away (not recommended)
If you are already using XFCE, trying out the Yaru theme is as simple as following the instructions on here. For this, I will be assuming that you are using Xubuntu, however the commands can be easily adapted for other distributions.
```
sudo apt install git meson sassc libglib2.0-dev libxml2-utils
git clone https://github.com/ubuntu/yaru
cd yaru && meson build -Dxfwm4=true && sudo ninja -C build install
```
_**If you don’t quite feel comfortable building it from source, I suspect that it will be available with Xubuntu 21.10, which is only a month away now.**_
Either way, I am really excited about this change, especially as it gives XFCE a much more modern and simplistic look. Plus, it also gives users a major reason to upgrade to Xubuntu 21.10.
What do you think about the Yaru theme on XFCE? Let me know in the comments below!
_Source: [Linux Uprising][6]_
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I'm not interested
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via: https://news.itsfoss.com/yaru-xfce-support/
作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/download-ubuntu-20-04/
[2]: https://github.com/ubuntu/yaru
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQzOSIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
[4]: https://github.com/Muqtxdir
[5]: https://github.com/ubuntu/yaru/pull/2971
[6]: https://www.linuxuprising.com/2021/09/ubuntus-yaru-theme-gets-official.html

81
sources/news/20210909 Vivaldi Replaces Firefox as the Default Browser on Manjaro Linux Cinnamon.md
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[#]: subject: "Vivaldi Replaces Firefox as the Default Browser on Manjaro Linux Cinnamon"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/vivaldi-replaces-firefox-manjaro/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Vivaldi Replaces Firefox as the Default Browser on Manjaro Linux Cinnamon
======
Vivaldi is one of the [best web browsers available for Linux][1].
For all the good reasons, many Linux users have been switching to Vivaldi, especially after [Vivaldi 4.0 release][2].
Now, to take it up a notch, Vivaldi has managed to replace Firefox as the default browser on Arch-based Manjaro Linux (Cinnamon edition).
![][3]
Even though the Cinnamon version is a community edition, it is surprising that Mozilla Firefox dropped from a Linux distribution.
As per the official announcement, Manjaro’s co-CEO mentioned why they chose Vivaldi:
> _To give Vivaldi more of the attention it deserves, I decided to include it as the default browser in our popular Cinnamon Community Edition. With its remarkable browsing speed, exceptional customizability and especially the way it values user privacy, Vivaldi for me is a perfect match for Manjaro Linux._
### Customized Experience for Manjaro Linux Users
![][4]
To spice things up, [Vivaldi][5] comes baked in with a Manjaro-Cinnamon theme to give you a refreshing out-of-the-box experience.
Of course, if you have already used Vivaldi as your browser, you have to sync your data to get started.
### Vivaldi is a Great Option for Linux Users
![][6]
It is worth noting that Vivaldi is not 100% open-source, but you can find most of its source code online, except its UI. Also, it is based on Chromium.
However, it is a feature-rich web browser that lets you customize a lot of things. You also get a unique tab management feature, integration of web apps, email, calendar, timer, RSS feeds, and more.
I have been using Vivaldi as my daily driver on Linux, keeping Firefox as the secondary for a while now. And, I like the experience so far!
So, if you prefer multi-tasking without leaving the web browser, Vivaldi as your default choice should be exciting.
In addition to this, Vivaldi seems to be taking good care of its privacy policies while offering in-built ad blockers and encrypted sync features.
### Get Started Using Vivaldi on Manjaro Linux
You should be able to find and install Vivaldi through official Manjaro repositories.
If you want it by default, you can consider performing a fresh installation of Manjaro Linux Cinnamon.
Manjaro Linux Cinnamon
#### Big Tech Websites Get Millions in Revenue, It's FOSS Got You!
If you like what we do here at It's FOSS, please consider making a donation to support our independent publication. Your support will help us keep publishing content focusing on desktop Linux and open source software.
I'm not interested
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/vivaldi-replaces-firefox-manjaro/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/best-browsers-ubuntu-linux/
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/vivaldi-4-0-release/
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUyNCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQyMCIgd2lkdGg9IjY2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
[5]: https://vivaldi.com
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYxOCIgd2lkdGg9IjY5NyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=

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sources/news/20210913 Fedora 35 Release Date and Expected New Features.md
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[#]: subject: "Fedora 35 Release Date and Expected New Features"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-35-release-date-features/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Fedora 35 Release Date and Expected New Features
======
Fedora 35 is just around the corner. And, if you cannot wait already, let us highlight some of the essential details about the release.
### Fedora 35 Release Date
The expected release date for Fedora 35 beta is **14th September 2021**. But, if delayed, the next planned date is **21st September 2021**.
After the public beta testing, the final release has been planned for **19th October 2021,** with a delayed date for **26th October 2021.**
Of course, you can get your hands on Fedora 35 before the final and beta releases as well. But, considering it is just a few days away from its first beta release, you may want to wait it out.
### Fedora 35 Features
![][1]
[Fedora 34][2] was an exciting release with GNOME 40 and a new i3 spin. And Fedora 35 is also shaping up as an interesting upgrade to it.
Some of the fundamental changes that you can expect are:
#### GNOME 41
GNOME 41 may not be a radical change when compared to [GNOME 40][3], but there are some visual improvements and valuable feature additions that you can expect.
For instance, the GNOME Software will get a clean look and context tiles, resembling much like all the details that you can find in the [Apps for GNOME][4] portal. You should also find [VoIP support added to GNOME 41][5].
A new “**Connections**” app has been added to let you connect to other platforms/systems remotely.
GNOME 41 has a planned release date of **September 22, 2021**. So, you may want to watch out for our coverage for the complete details when it releases.
#### DNS Over TLS Support
DNS Over TLS (DoT) is essential to encrypt DNS requests and prevent your ISP from spying. With Fedora 35, any configured DNS server should automatically attempt to connect using DoT if the DNS supports it.
#### Default Btrfs Filesystem for Fedora Cloud
While Fedora has already switched to the Btrfs filesystem since [Fedora 33][6], they enforce that change for the Cloud edition.
#### Linux Kernel 5.14
[Linux Kernel 5.14][7] wasn’t a big release, but it added many features, especially when it comes to ARM devices.
For Fedora 35, the improved hardware support should make a difference.
#### Flathub Applications Included with Third-Party Repositories
You also get some selected Flatpak applications added from a filtered Flathub remote when you enable third-party repositories.
This should come in handy for better third-party app support in Fedora.
#### PulseAudio Daemon Replaced by PipeWire
While we saw initial implementations of replacing PulseAudio in Fedora 34, this time, there is a proposal to replace the PulseAudio daemon with a compatible implementation based on PipeWire.
### Other Improvements
Along with the key highlights mentioned above, you should find several under-the-hood changes and package updates that could translate as significant upgrades.
For instance, the Firewalld package update and the GNU Toolchain update should prove to be valuable upgrades.
You can explore more about the proposed changes in their [official changeset wiki][8].
### Wrapping Up
It should be exciting to see the changes in the final release. For now, let us keep an eye out to test the public beta release. And, if you do not want to experiment on your system with a beta release, you should wait for the stable release.
#### Big Tech Websites Get Millions in Revenue, It's FOSS Got You!
If you like what we do here at It's FOSS, please consider making a donation to support our independent publication. Your support will help us keep publishing content focusing on desktop Linux and open source software.
I'm not interested
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-35-release-date-features/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUyMSIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-34-release/
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-40-release/
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/apps-for-gnome-portal/
[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-41-beta/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/fedora-33/
[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kernel-5-14-release/
[8]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/35/ChangeSet

101
sources/tech/20210626 Windows 11 System Requirement is Turning Heads. Time to migrate to Linux.md
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[#]: subject: (Windows 11 System Requirement is Turning Heads. Time to migrate to Linux?)
[#]: via: (https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/06/windows-11-system-requirement/)
[#]: author: (Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/)
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
Windows 11 System Requirement is Turning Heads. Time to migrate to Linux?
======
Microsoft announced Windows 11 at the official online event. Here’s in
this post we brief the Windows 11 system requirement and give you
thinking points on whether you should permanently migrate to Linux.
There are many debates and discussions going around after the announcement of Windows 11 from Microsoft. Many are “blown away” by the look and feel of the customization option that it brings, little they know that it might be “[inspired][1]” by other operating systems.
![Windows 11 Desktop][2]
Here’s a quick recap of visible features –
* New Start Menu, Taskbar, and Search Bar
* New Animations are added while moving and dragging the windows. Even Opening a new window, closing, and minimize tap have different animation than earlier versions of Windows.
* Featured add to perform multitask with windows like split-screen, creating groups of various task windows, etc.
* Touch controls are improved significantly.
* New sounds are added in this version. After the release of Windows 10 in 2015, no significant changes were made in the sounds. But in Windows 11, you will see various new sound options.
* You will have access to dark mode also.
* Rounded Corners: Pointy corners will not be available in Windows 11. Corners of various bars will be made round.
* New icons are added which will make it more attractive than the earlier versions.
* Various new Widgets are added in this version.
* You can run Android apps via Windows 11 store
### Windows 11 System Requirement
* Processor – 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster with 2 or more cores on a compatible 64-bit processor or System on a Chip (SoC)
* Memory – 4 GB RAM
* Storage – 64 GB or larger storage device
* System firmware – UEFI, Secure Boot capable
* TPM Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0
* Graphics card DirectX 12 compatible graphics / WDDM 2.x
Display >9” with HD Resolution (720p)
* Internet connection Microsoft account and internet connectivity required for setup for Windows 11 Home
Looking at the specification, you might have noticed a couple of interesting items. Windows 11 recommends your system should have TPM a.k.a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0. Trusted Platform Module (TPM) technology is designed to provide hardware-based, security-related functions. A TPM chip is a secure crypto-processor that is designed to carry out cryptographic operations. The chip includes multiple physical security mechanisms to make it tamper-resistant, and malicious software is unable to tamper with the security functions of the TPM.
And this is why Microsoft boasts about Windows 11 being more secure.
Not all the hardware that is available today has a TPM chip. And worse is, many may force to buy new hardware as well. As a thumb rule, if you have bought any Laptop, Desktop 2017 onwards, you should be fine.
[][1]
SEE ALSO:   Windows 11 Look Inspired by KDE Plasma and GNOME?
### Internet Required for set up?
From an end-user perspective, this is not a good idea at all. This forces everyone to create a Microsoft account for the initial setup. Think about millions of users who probably buy Laptops for basic usage, and now they required to create an account, with OneDrive and other online “BS”. And you end up consuming more data, give away your data, and so on.
This move is completely unnecessary from the Microsoft side. Internet connectivity should be optional and not mandatory for setting up your computer which you bought with a price.
### Should you be moving to Linux?
Yes, of course. Linux can run super-fast in all newer and older hardware. There are plenty of versions of the Linux operating system with a nice-looking desktop out there that you can easily install and use. You do not need to shell out additional money just to experience fancy Windows 11.
Linux has many variants which cater to different people with a variety of tastes. You do not need to settle for only one look and feel and functionality. You have the freedom to choose.
You do not need to buy expensive Antivirus which is recommended for Windows operating system. Linux doesn’t get a virus that easily as it is designed in a different way, and not that popular. So, you are protected on that front and save more money.
Linux updates are much faster due to stability and the small size of updates. Hence you save money on your data plan as well.
And, you save thousands of hours by not looking at this:
![The Never ending wait which becomes part of your life][3]
### Closing Notes
Benchmarking a certain set of hardware as “old” is completely subjective in terms of software. You can easily run Debian, or Lubuntu in ten-year-old or more hardware for basic tasks. If someone tells you that your hardware is old, doesn’t make it so. Windows 11 may compel some users to think about their personal hardware strategy in the longer term. It is a market leader in the Desktop operating system and it is a business model for them and OEMs. Fair enough. But if you are a Windows user and reading this, I would recommend you to start experimenting with simple and friendly Linux distributions such as [Linux Mint][4], right now. So that you have options to choose from and have control over your spending in the longer run.
Cheers.
* * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/06/windows-11-system-requirement/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/06/windows-11-inspiration-linux-kde-plasma/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Windows-11-Desktop-1024x575.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/The-Never-ending-wait-which-becomes-part-of-your-life.jpg
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/cinnamon-arch-linux-install/

166
sources/tech/20210711 Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri - New Features and Release Date.md
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[#]: subject: (Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri – New Features and Release Date)
[#]: via: (https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/ubuntu-21-10/)
[#]: author: (Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/)
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri – New Features and Release Date
======
Final release of 2021, Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri development is in
progress. In this post, we sum up the new features known so far and
planned release dates.
This post includes information about ongoing development. The information may change frequently, and this page is regularly updated until the final release.
This page contains the following topics –
* [Ubuntu 21.10 – Code name history][1]
* [New Features in desktop flavor][2]
* [Ubuntu Official flavor information][3]
* [Release schedule][4]
* [Daily-build .ISO download][5]
* [Canary build .ISO download][6]
Before we list out the features, you should remember that, we are at a very early stage of the development considering October as of publishing this. And the final pieces may change as we move closer to the final release.
Historically, October releases are somewhat quieter but impactful. They create the base for next LTS in every alternate year. So having said that, this is an important release due to many factors.
### The Code Name
Following the trend, Ubuntu 21.10 is code named “impish indri” as we are at “I” based names. The “Indri” refers to _“babakoto, is one of the largest living lemurs, with a head-and-body length of about 64–72 cm and a weight of between 6 to 9.5 kg. It has a black and white coat and maintains an upright posture when climbing or clinging” (from Wikipedia)_. Well, the final mascot is yet to be revealed.
So, all the packages and repo is tagged with “impish” for this version of Ubuntu.
Let’s take a look at other new features.
### Ubuntu 21.10 New Features
![Ubuntu 21.10 Desktop \(daily build\)][7]
* Ubuntu 21.10 would feature **Linux Kernel 5.14**. This is currently in development and will be released before the feature freeze.
* If you are wondering of about GNOME, well yes, Ubuntu 21.10 features [GNOME 40 desktop][8] – but with a twist. The **GNOME 40** version brings some fundamental changes to GNOME desktop, which you are already aware of by now. But with the usual left fixed dock! So, the customized GNOME 40 with left fixed doc, eliminates the bottom dock of vanilla GNOME 40.
* So, initially it would feel a bit strange with have **left fixed dock** with horizontal workspaces, overview and scrolling. But it would be interesting to observe user reactions and feedback once it releases.
* Version wise, this release would feature **GNOME 40.3** (it’s due by July 2021).
* A brand **new Desktop Installer** which would replace the decade old Ubiquity. This is created in collaboration with Google in Flutter and gives a nice and easy way of installing Ubuntu. We covered more about this installer in detail when it was launched. You can read the coverage [here][9].
![New Installer – Ubuntu 21.10][10]
* The new installer is still in Canary build and not arrived in daily build as of publishing this. And when I tested, it has many bugs which are simple ones. I hope they would be sorted out before final release.
* The default theme would be set to **Yaru Light**. As per the Ubuntu team, it is difficult to maintain a mixed theme with both and dark and light together.
* In the prior Ubuntu 21.04, the Wayland display server is made default. In this release, **NVIDIA** driver users also would be able to Wayland, hopefully.
* With the **wallpaper** competition is back, we expect a stunning default wallpaper with “Indri” mascot. Already there are beautiful wallpapers submitted by the community, and they look promising.
* The applications and packages sees their respective version upgrades in this release. Here’s a quick summary.
1. Firefox 89
2. LibreOffice 7.1 (I am still hopeful whether [LibreOffice 7.2][11] is an option)
3. Thunderbird 78.12
### Official Flavors
The official Ubuntu desktop flavors would have their respective version upgrades. Here’s a quick update.
* Xubuntu with Xfce 4.16
* Ubuntu MATE with MATE 1.24
* Kubuntu with KDE Plasma 5.22 (I don’t think Plasma 5.23 would be ready before BETA)
### Ubuntu 21.10 Release Date
Ubuntu 21.10 releases on October 14, 2021. Here is the schedule of this release.
* **Feature Freeze**: August 19, 2021
* **Beta Release**: September 23, 2021
* **Final Releas**e: October 14, 2021
### Daily Build Downloads for Ubuntu 21.10
Default desktop image .ISO for daily build is available in below link. The following images are unstable so, do not use this as your serious work. Try for testing only.
[download ubuntu 21.10 daily build – GNOME][12]
#### Other flavors
Ubuntu Flavor | Link for Daily build .iso image (64 bit)
---|---
Ubuntu 21.10 Desktop (GNOME) | <https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/>
Xubuntu 21.10 | <https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/daily-live/current/>
Ubuntu MATE 21.10 | <https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/daily-live/current/>
Ubuntu Kylin 21.10 | <https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/daily-live/current/>
Lubuntu 21.10 | <https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/daily-live/current/>
Kubuntu 21.10 | <https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/daily-live/current/>
Ubuntu Budgie 21.10 | <https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/daily-live/current/>
### Untested Canary build
The daily canary build can be downloaded from the below link. This is super unstable and did not pass automatic testing. So, unless absolutely necessary, do not use this .iso.
<http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-canary/pending/>
### Closing Notes
I am specifically interested on the new desktop installer. Because it gives a repair option and a brand-new way of installing Ubuntu. We know there are many powerful installers out there like Calamares – but it would be interesting to see Ubuntu’s new Flutter based app. And the adaptation of GNOME 40 is really a thing to observe with more users.
I will keep this post updated with the latest info when available with details.
* _[Official change log and schedule][13]_
* _[Launchpad source][14]_
* * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/ubuntu-21-10/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: tmp.Bd5zVlb4BJ#code-name
[2]: tmp.Bd5zVlb4BJ#new-features
[3]: tmp.Bd5zVlb4BJ#official-flavors
[4]: tmp.Bd5zVlb4BJ#release-schedule
[5]: tmp.Bd5zVlb4BJ#daily-build-download
[6]: tmp.Bd5zVlb4BJ#canary-build-download
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Ubuntu-21.10-Desktop-daily-build-1024x535.jpeg
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/gnome-40-release/
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/new-ubuntu-desktop-installer/
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/New-Installer-Ubuntu-21.10.jpeg
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/libreoffice-7-2/
[12]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/
[13]: https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/impish-indri-release-schedule/18540
[14]: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/impish

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[#]: subject: "Build a data sharding service with DistSQL"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/distsql"
[#]: author: "Meng Haoran https://opensource.com/users/haoran-meng"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Build a data sharding service with DistSQL
======
Database sharding demonstrates the additional functionality of DistSQL.
![Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data][1]
If you're reading this, then you're probably familiar with the data query and programming language, SQL (Structured Query Language). It's also used as the standard language for management systems for accessing data, querying, updating, and managing relational database systems. Like standard SQL, DistSQL, or Distributed SQL, it is a built-in SQL language unique to ShardingSphere that provides incremental functional capabilities beyond standard SQL. Leveraging ShardingSphere's powerful SQL parsing engine, DistSQL provides a syntax structure and syntax validation system like that of standard SQL, making DistSQL more flexible while maintaining regularity. ShardingSphere's Database Plus concept aims at creating an open source distributed database system that is both functional and relevant to the actual database business. DistSQL is built on top of the traditional database to provide SQL capabilities that are both standards-compliant and feature ShardingSphere's functionality to enhance conventional database management.
### Original design intention of DistSQL
Over its years of rapid development, ShardingSphere has become unique in the database middleware space as the kernel has gradually stabilized, and the core functionality has continuously been honed. As an open source leader in Asia, ShardingSphere keeps pursuing its exploration of a distributed database ecosystem. Redefining the boundary between middleware and database to allow developers to leverage Apache ShardingSphere as if they were using a database natively is DistSQL's design goal. It is also an integral part of ShardingSphere's ability to transform from a developer-oriented framework and middleware to an operations-oriented infrastructure product.
### DistSQL syntax system
DistSQL has been designed from the outset to be standards-oriented, considering the habits of both database developers and operators. The syntax of DistSQL is based on the standard SQL language, maintaining readability and ease of use while retaining the maximum amount of ShardingSphere's own features and providing the highest possible number of customization options for users to cope with different business scenarios.
Developers familiar with SQL and ShardingSphere can get started quickly.
Standard SQL provides different types of syntaxes such as DQL, DDL, DML, DCL, etc., to define various functional SQL statements. DistSQL defines a syntax system of its own, as well.
In ShardingSphere, the DistSQL syntax is currently divided into three main types: RDL, RQL, and RAL.
* RDL (Resource &amp; Rule Definition Language) - Resource rule definition language for creating, modifying, and deleting resources and rules.
* RQL (Resource &amp; Rule Query Language) - Resource rule query language for querying and presenting resources and rules.
* RAL (Resource &amp; Rule Administrate Language) - Resource rule administration language for incremental functional operations such as hint, transaction type switching, and query of a sharding execution plan.
DistSQL's syntax builds a bridge for ShardingSphere to move towards a distributed database. It is still being improved as more ideas are implemented, so DistSQL will become increasingly powerful. Developers who are interested are welcome to join ShardingSphere and contribute ideas and code to DistSQL.
For more detailed syntax rules, please refer to the official [documentation][2].
For the project's community, please refer to the official [Slack channel][3].
### DistSQL in practice
Having understood the design concept and syntax system of DistSQL, let's demonstrate how to build a data sharding service based on ShardingSphere.
#### Environment preparation
* Start MySQL services
* Create a MySQL database for sharding
* Start the Zookeeper service
* Turn on the distributed governance configuration and start [ShardingSphere-Proxy][4]
#### Practical demonstration
1\. Connect to the launched ShardingSphere-Proxy using the MySQL command line.
2\. Create and query the distributed database `sharding_db`:
```
mysql&gt; CREATE DATABASE sharding_db;
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.04 sec)
mysql&gt; SHOW DATABASES;
+-------------+
| SCHEMA_NAME |
+-------------+
| sharding_db |
+-------------+
1 ROW IN SET (0.04 sec)
```
3\. Use the newly created database:
```
mysql&gt; USE sharding_db;
No connection. Trying TO reconnect...
Connection id: 2
CURRENT DATABASE: *** NONE ***
DATABASE changed
```
4\. Execute RDL to configure two data source resources, `ds_1` and `ds_2`, for sharding:
```
mysql&gt; ADD RESOURCE ds_1 (
    -&gt; HOST=127.0.0.1,
    -&gt; PORT=3306,
    -&gt; DB=ds_1,
    -&gt; USER=root,
    -&gt; PASSWORD=root123456
    -&gt; );
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.53 sec)
mysql&gt;
mysql&gt; ADD RESOURCE ds_2 (
    -&gt; HOST=127.0.0.1,
    -&gt; PORT=3306,
    -&gt; DB=ds_2,
    -&gt; USER=root,
    -&gt; PASSWORD=root123456
    -&gt; );
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.02 sec)
```
5\. Execute RQL to query the newly added data source resources:
```
    mysql&gt; SHOW RESOURCES FROM sharding_db;
    +------+-------+-----------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | name | TYPE  | host      | port | db   | attribute                                                                                                                                                   |
    +------+-------+-----------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ds_1 | MySQL | 127.0.0.1 | 3306 | ds_1 | {"maxLifetimeMilliseconds":1800000,"readOnly":FALSE,"minPoolSize":1,"idleTimeoutMilliseconds":60000,"maxPoolSize":50,"connectionTimeoutMilliseconds":30000} |
    | ds_2 | MySQL | 127.0.0.1 | 3306 | ds_2 | {"maxLifetimeMilliseconds":1800000,"readOnly":FALSE,"minPoolSize":1,"idleTimeoutMilliseconds":60000,"maxPoolSize":50,"connectionTimeoutMilliseconds":30000} |
    +------+-------+-----------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    2 ROWS IN SET (0.13 sec)
```
6\. Execute RDL to create a sharding rule for the `t_order` table:
```
mysql&gt; CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE t_order(
    -&gt; RESOURCES(ds_1,ds_2),
    -&gt; SHARDING_COLUMN=order_id,
    -&gt; TYPE(NAME=hash_mod,PROPERTIES("sharding-count"=4)),
    -&gt; GENERATED_KEY(COLUMN=order_id,TYPE(NAME=snowflake,PROPERTIES("worker-id"=123)))
    -&gt; );
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.06 sec)
```
7\. Execute RQL to query the sharding rules:
```
    mysql&gt; SHOW SHARDING TABLE RULES FROM sharding_db;
    +---------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------+------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | TABLE   | actualDataNodes | actualDataSources | databaseStrategyType | databaseShardingColumn | databaseShardingAlgorithmType | databaseShardingAlgorithmProps | tableStrategyType | tableShardingColumn | tableShardingAlgorithmType | tableShardingAlgorithmProps | keyGenerateColumn | keyGeneratorType | keyGeneratorProps |
    +---------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------+------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | t_order |                 | ds_1,ds_2         |                      |                        |                               |                                | hash_mod          | order_id            | hash_mod                   | sharding-COUNT=4            | order_id          | snowflake        | worker-id=123     |
    +---------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------+------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+
    1 ROW IN SET (0.01 sec)
```
In addition to querying all sharding rules under the current database, RQL can also query individual tables for sharding rules with the following statement:
`SHOW SHARDING TABLE RULE t_order FROM sharding_db`
Creating and querying the `t_order` sharding table:
```
mysql&gt; CREATE TABLE `t_order`(
    -&gt; `order_id` INT NOT NULL,
    -&gt; `user_id` INT NOT NULL,
    -&gt; `status` VARCHAR(45) DEFAULT NULL,
    -&gt; PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
    -&gt; )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.28 sec)
mysql&gt; SHOW TABLES;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_sharding_db |
+-----------------------+
| t_order               |
+-----------------------+
1 ROW IN SET (0.01 sec)
```
After successfully creating the sharding table `t_order` on the ShardingSphere-Proxy side, ShardingSphere automatically creates the sharding table based on the sharding rules of the `t_order` table by connecting to the underlying databases `ds_1` and `ds_2` via the client-side.
```
mysql&gt; USE ds_1;
DATABASE changed
mysql&gt; SHOW TABLES;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_ds_1 |
+----------------+
| t_order_0      |
| t_order_2      |
+----------------+
2 ROWS IN SET (0.01 sec)
[/code] [code]
mysql&gt; USE ds_2;
DATABASE changed
mysql&gt; SHOW TABLES;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_ds_2 |
+----------------+
| t_order_1      |
| t_order_3      |
+----------------+
2 ROWS IN SET (0.00 sec)
```
Once the sharding table is created, continue to execute the SQL statement on the ShardingSphere-Proxy side to insert the data:
```
mysql&gt; INSERT INTO t_order VALUES(1, 1, 'ok');
Query OK, 1 ROW affected (0.06 sec)
mysql&gt; INSERT INTO t_order VALUES(2, 2, 'disabled');
Query OK, 1 ROW affected (0.00 sec)
mysql&gt; INSERT INTO t_order VALUES(3, 3, 'locked');
Query OK, 1 ROW affected (0.01 sec)
mysql&gt; SELECT * FROM t_order;
+----------+---------+----------+
| order_id | user_id | STATUS   |
+----------+---------+----------+
|        1 |       1 | ok       |
|        2 |       2 | disabled |
|        3 |       3 | locked   |
+----------+---------+----------+
3 ROWS IN SET (0.06 sec)
```
Query the execution plan via RAL:
```
mysql&gt; preview SELECT * FROM t_order;
+-----------------+------------------------------------------------+
| datasource_name | SQL                                            |
+-----------------+------------------------------------------------+
| ds_1            | SELECT * FROM t_order_0 ORDER BY order_id ASC  |
| ds_1            | SELECT * FROM t_order_2 ORDER BY order_id ASC  |
| ds_2            | SELECT * FROM t_order_1 ORDER BY order_id ASC  |
| ds_2            | SELECT * FROM t_order_3 ORDER BY order_id ASC  |
+-----------------+------------------------------------------------+
4 ROWS IN SET (0.02 sec)
```
This completes the ShardingSphere data sharding service using DistSQL. Compared to the previous version of the ShardingSphere proxy, which was profile-driven, DistSQL is more developer-friendly and flexible in managing resources and rules. Moreover, the SQL-driven approach enables seamless interfacing between DistSQL and standard SQL.
```
schemaName: sharding_db
dataSources:
  ds_0:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/ds_1?serverTimezone=UTC&amp;useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: root123456
    connectionTimeoutMilliseconds: 30000
    idleTimeoutMilliseconds: 60000
    maxLifetimeMilliseconds: 1800000
    maxPoolSize: 50
    minPoolSize: 1
  ds_1:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/ds_2?serverTimezone=UTC&amp;useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: root123456
    connectionTimeoutMilliseconds: 30000
    idleTimeoutMilliseconds: 60000
    maxLifetimeMilliseconds: 1800000
    maxPoolSize: 50
    minPoolSize: 1
rules:
\- !SHARDING
  tables:
    t_order:
      actualDataNodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
      tableStrategy:
        standard:
          shardingColumn: order_id
          shardingAlgorithmName: t_order_inline
      keyGenerateStrategy:
        column: order_id
        keyGeneratorName: snowflake
    t_order_item:
      actualDataNodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_item_${0..1}
      tableStrategy:
        standard:
          shardingColumn: order_id
          shardingAlgorithmName: t_order_item_inline
      keyGenerateStrategy:
        column: order_item_id
        keyGeneratorName: snowflake
  bindingTables:
   - t_order,t_order_item
  defaultDatabaseStrategy:
    standard:
      shardingColumn: user_id
      shardingAlgorithmName: database_inline
  defaultTableStrategy:
    none:
  shardingAlgorithms:
    database_inline:
      type: INLINE
      props:
        algorithm-expression: ds_${user_id % 2}
    t_order_inline:
      type: INLINE
      props:
        algorithm-expression: t_order_${order_id % 2}
    t_order_item_inline:
      type: INLINE
      props:
        algorithm-expression: t_order_item_${order_id % 2}
  keyGenerators:
    snowflake:
      type: SNOWFLAKE
      props:
        worker-id: 123
[/code] [code]
1\. CREATE a distributed DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE sharding_db;
2\. ADD DATA resources
ADD RESOURCE ds_1 (
HOST=127.0.0.1,
PORT=3306,
DB=ds_1,
USER=root,
PASSWORD=root123456
);
ADD RESOURCE ds_2 (
HOST=127.0.0.1,
PORT=3306,
DB=ds_2,
USER=root,
PASSWORD=root123456
);
3\. CREATE sharding rules
CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE t_order(
RESOURCES(ds_1,ds_2),
SHARDING_COLUMN=order_id,
TYPE(NAME=hash_mod,PROPERTIES("sharding-count"=4)),
GENERATED_KEY(COLUMN=order_id,TYPE(NAME=snowflake,PROPERTIES("worker-id"=123)))
);
```
In the above example, only a small part of the DistSQL syntax is demonstrated. In addition to creating and querying resources and rules via `CREATE` and `SHOW` statements, DistSQL also provides additional operations such as `ALTRE DROP` and supports configuration control of data sharding's core functions, read and write separation, data encryption, and database discovery.
### Conclusion
As one of the new features released in Apache ShardingSphere's 5.0.0-beta, DistSQL will continue to build on this release to improve syntax and increasingly powerful functions. DistSQL has opened up endless possibilities for ShardingSphere to explore the distributed database space. In the future, DistSQL will be used as a link to connect more functions and provide one-click operations.
For example, it'll allow the analysis of the overall database status with one click, connect with elastic migration, provide one-click data expansion and shrinkage, and connect with control to realize one-click master-slave switch and change database status. Open source and JavaScript enthusiasts are warmly welcomed to join the Slack community or check the project's GitHub page to learn more about ShardingSphere's latest developments.
* * *
_This article is adapted from the author's [original publication][5]._
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/distsql
作者：[Meng Haoran][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/haoran-meng
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/data_metrics_analytics_desktop_laptop.png?itok=9QXd7AUr (Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data)
[2]: https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/
[3]: https://join.slack.com/t/apacheshardingsphere/shared_invite/zt-sbdde7ie-SjDqo9~I4rYcR18bq0SYTg
[4]: https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/
[5]: https://shardingsphere.apache.org/blog/en/material/jul_26_an_introduction_to_distsql/