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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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5 ways to learn C programming on Linux
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在 Linux 上学习 C 语言的五种方式
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======
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Download our new eBook for tips and tricks for C programming on Linux and FreeDOS.
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请下载我们的电子书获得在 Linux 和 FreeDOS 上 C 语言编程的提示和技巧
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![Person using a laptop][1]
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There are many theories about why the C programming language has endured for as long as it has. Maybe it's the austerity of its syntax or the simplicity of its vocabulary. Or maybe it's that C is often seen as a utilitarian language, something that's rugged and ready to be used as a building material for something that needs no platform because it's going to be its own foundation. C is clearly a powerful language, and I think its longevity has a little something to do with the way it serves as a springboard for other popular technologies. Here are five of my favorite technologies that utilize and rely upon C, and how they can each help you learn more about C yourself.
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有许多关于为什么 C 语言能够经久不衰的说法。或许是因为它语法简单明了。又或许是因为它常被认为是实用的语言，因为它不基于其他高级语言，得已在任何平台上编译运行。C 已然成为强大的语言，并且我认为它经久不衰与它作为其他技术的基础的方式相关。这里有 5 项我喜爱的基于 C 语言的技术，希望它们能够帮助你更多的了解 C 语言。
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### 1. GObject and GTK
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### 1. GObject 和 GTK
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C is not an object-oriented programming language. It has no `class` type. Some folks use C++ for object-oriented programming, but others stick with C along with the GObject libraries. The GObject subsystem provides a `class` structure for C, and the GTK project famously provides widgets accessible through C. Without GTK, there would be no GIMP (for which GTK was developed), GNOME, and hundreds of other popular open source applications.)
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C 语言不是面向对象编程的语言。它没有 `class` 关键字。 一些人用 C++ 进行面向对象编程，但是还有一些人坚持用 C 和 GObject 库。GObject 库为 C 语言提供了一个 `class` 结构体，GTK 项目以提供可通过 C 访问的工具包而闻名。没有 GTK ，就没有 GIMP （为此开发了 GTK），GNOME ，以及其他成千上百流行的开源应用。
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#### Learn more
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#### 了解更多
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GObject and GTK are excellent ways to start using C for GUI programming. They're well-equipped to get you programming graphical applications using C because they do so much of the "heavy lifting" for you. The classes and data types are defined, the widgets have been made, and all you have to do is put everything together.
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GObject 和 GTK 是使用 C 开始进行 GUI 编程的绝佳方式。它们“装备精良”，可以让你用 C 语言进行图形应用编程，因为开发者为你做了许多“繁重工作”。他们定义了类和数据类型，创建了工具包，你所要做的就是将所有东西放在一起。
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### 2. Ncurses
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If GTK is more than you need, you might decide a terminal user interface (TUI) is more your speed. The ncurses library creates "widgets" in a terminal, creating a kind of graphical application that gets drawn over your terminal window. You can control the interface with your arrow keys, selecting buttons and elements much the same way you might use a GUI application without a mouse.
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如果 GTK 超过了你的需求，你或许认为一个终端用户界面（TUI，terminal user interface）更适合你。Ncurses 在终端库创建“小部件”，创建一种在终端窗口上绘制图形的应用程序。你可以使用方向键控制界面，就像不用鼠标来使用 GUI 应用一样来选择按钮和元素。
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#### Learn more
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#### 了解更多
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Get started by writing a [guessing game in C][3] using the ncurses library as your display.
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利用 Ncurses 库使用 C 语言写一个 [猜数字][3] 游戏。
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### 3. Lua and Moonscript
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### 3. Lua 和 Moonscript
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Lua is a scripting language with access to C libraries through a built-in C API. It's a tiny, fast, and simple language with about 30 functions and just a handful of built-in libraries. You can get started with Lua for system automation, game modding and scripting, game development with a frontend like LÖVE, or general application development (like the [Howl text editor][4]) using GTK.
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Lua 是使用内置 C 语言 API 访问 C 语言库的一款脚本语言。它十分精巧、快捷以及简单，拥有约 30 个函数和少量内置库。你可以使用 Lua 进行系统自动化、游戏修改和脚本编写、使用 LÖVE 之类的前端进行游戏开发，或者使用 GTK 进行一般应用程序开发（例如 [Howl 文本编辑器][4]）。
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#### Learn more
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#### 了解更多
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The nice thing about Lua is that you can start out with it to learn the basic concepts of programming, and then start exploring its C API when you feel brave enough to interface directly with the foundational language. If, on the other hand, you never grow out of Lua, that's OK too. There's a wealth of [extra libraries][5] for Lua to make it a great choice for all manner of development.
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Lua 十分好的一点是你可以从它开始掌握基本编程理念，然后当你有足够勇气直面基础编程语言时，开始探索它的 C 语言 API 。另一方面，如果你只会 Lua ，那也没事儿。Lua 有很多的 [外部库][5] ，使其成为各种开发方式的绝佳选择。
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### 4. Cython
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Lua isn't the only language that interfaces with C. [Cython][6] is a compiler and language designed to make writing C extensions for Python as easy as writing Python code. Essentially, you can write Python and end up with C. The simplest possible example:
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Lua 不是唯一以 C 为接口的编程语言。[Cython][6] 是一种编译器和编程语言，旨在使为 Python 编写 C 扩展就像编写 Python 代码一样容易。本质上，你可以编写 Python 并最终使用 C。最简单的示例：
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```
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print("hello world")
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```
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Create a `setup.py` script:
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创建一个 `setup.py` 脚本:
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```
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from setuptools import setup
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)
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```
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Run the setup script:
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运行该 setup 脚本:
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```
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$ python3 ./setup.py
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```
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And you end up with a `hello.c` and `hello.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so` file in the same directory.
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最后你会在同一个目录中得到一个 `hello.c` 和 `hello.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so` 文件。
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#### Learn more
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#### 了解更多
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The [Cython][7] language is a superset of Python with support for C functions, and datatypes. It isn't likely to directly help you learn C, but it opens up new possibilities for the Python developer looking to learn and integrate C code into Python.
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[Cython][7] 是支持 C 语言函数和数据类型的 Python 的超集。它不可能帮你学习 C，但它为希望学习 C 代码并将其集成到 Python 中的 Python 开发人员开辟了新的可能性。
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### 5. FreeDOS
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The best way to learn more about C is to write code in C, and there's nothing more exciting than writing code you can actually use. The FreeDOS project is an open source implementation of DOS, the predecessor to Windows. You may have already used FreeDOS, either as a handy open source method of running a BIOS updater, or maybe in an emulator to play a classic computer game. You can do a lot more with FreeDOS than that, though. It makes an ideal platform to learn C with a collection of tools that encourage you to write your own commands and simple (or not-so-simple, if you prefer) applications. Of course you can write C code on any OS, but there's a simplicity to FreeDOS that you might find refreshing. The sky's the limit, but even at ground level, you can do some amazingly fun things with C.
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了解更多 C 语言的最好方式是编写 C 代码，并且没有什么比写你可以真正使用的代码更激动的了。FreeDOS 项目是 DOS 的开源实现，Windows 的祖先。或许你已经会用 FreeDOS 了，或者作为运行 BIOS 更新程序的便捷开源方法，或者在模拟器中玩经典电脑游戏。你可以用 FreeDOS 做更多事情。它是学习 C 语言的理想平台，其中包含一系列工具，鼓励你编写自己的命令和简单（或不那么简单，如果你愿意）应用程序。当然你可以在任何系统上写 C 代码，但是 FreeDOS 的便利在于你可以发现令你耳目一新的东西。天空有极限，但即使在地面上，你也可以用 C 做一些非常有趣的事情。
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### Download the eBook
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### 下载电子书
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You can learn more about C in our **[new eBook][8]**, and more about C on FreeDOS in our eBook. These are collections of programming articles to help you learn C and to demonstrate how you can implement C in useful ways.
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你可以从我们编写的 **[电子书][8]** 中学到更多 C 语言，并在我们的电子书中了解有关 FreeDOS 上 C 语言的更多信息。这些是编程文章的集合，可帮助你学习 C 并演示如何以有用的方式实现 C。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/7/learn-c-linux
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作者：[Alan Smithee][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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译者：[Donkey](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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