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translating---geekpi
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How to exclude file when using scp command recursively
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======
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I need to copy all the *.c files from local laptop named hostA to hostB including all directories. I am using the following scp command but do not know how to exclude specific files (such as *.out):
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```
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$ scp -r ~/projects/ user@hostB:/home/delta/projects/
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```
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How do I tell scp command to exclude particular file or directory at the Linux/Unix command line?
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One can use scp command to securely copy files between hosts on a network. It uses ssh for data transfer and authentication purpose. Typical syntax is:
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```
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scp file1 user@host:/path/to/dest/
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scp -r /path/to/source/ user@host:/path/to/dest/
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```
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## Scp exclude files
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I don't think so you can filter or exclude files when using scp command. However, there is a great workaround to exclude files and copy it securely using ssh. This page explains how to filter or excludes files when using scp to copy a directory recursively.
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## How to use rsync command to exclude files
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The syntax is:
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`rsync av -e ssh --exclude='*.out' /path/to/source/ [[email protected]][1]:/path/to/dest/`
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Where,
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1. **-a** : Recurse into directories i.e. copy all files and subdirectories. Also, turn on archive mode and all other options (-rlptgoD)
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2. **-v** : Verbose output
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3. **-e ssh** : Use ssh for remote shell so everything gets encrypted
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4. **\--exclude='*.out'** : exclude files matching PATTERN e.g. *.out or *.c and so on.
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### Example of rsync command
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In this example copy all file recursively from ~/virt/ directory but exclude all *.new files:
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`$ rsync -av -e ssh --exclude='*.new' ~/virt/ [[email protected]][1]:/tmp`
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Sample outputs:
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[![Scp exclude files but using rsync exclude command][2]][2]
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Rsync command will fail if rsync not found on the remote server. In that case try the following scp command that uses [bash shell pattern matching][3] in the current directory (it won't work with the -r option):
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`$ ls `
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Sample outputs:
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```
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centos71.log centos71.qcow2 centos71.qcow2.new centos71.v2.qcow2.new meta-data user-data
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```
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centos71.log centos71.qcow2 centos71.qcow2.new centos71.v2.qcow2.new meta-data user-data
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Copy everything in the current directory except .new file(s):
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```
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$ shopt -s extglob
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$ scp !(.new)* [[email protected]][1]:/tmp/
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```
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Sample outputs:
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```
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centos71.log 100 % 4262 1.3MB/s 00:00
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centos71.qcow2 100 % 836MB 32.7MB/s 00: 25
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meta-data 100 % 47 18.5KB/s 00:00
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user-data 100 % 1543 569.7KB/s 00:00
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```
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See the following man pages for more info:
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```
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$ [man rsync][4]
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$ man bash
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$ [man scp][5]
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/scp-exclude-files-when-using-command-recursively-on-unix-linux/
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/scp-exclude-files-on-linux-unix-macos-bash-shell-command-line.jpg
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[3]:https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Pattern-Matching.html#Pattern-Matching
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[4]:https://www.samba.org/ftp/rsync/rsync.html
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[5]:https://man.openbsd.org/scp
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@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
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如何在递归地使用 scp 命令时排除文件
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======
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我需要将所有包含 *.c 文件的文件夹从名为 hostA 的本地笔记本复制到 hostB。我使用的是下面的 scp 命令，但不知道如何排除特定的文件（如 \*.out）：
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```
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$ scp -r ~/projects/ user@hostB:/home/delta/projects/
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```
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如何告诉 scp 命令在 Linux/Unix 命令行中排除特定的文件或目录？
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人们可以使用 scp 命令在网络主机之间安全地复制文件。它使用 ssh 进行数据传输和身份验证。典型的语法是：
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```
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scp file1 user@host:/path/to/dest/
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scp -r /path/to/source/ user@host:/path/to/dest/
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```
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## Scp 排除文件
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我不认为你可以在使用 scp 命令时过滤或排除文件。但是，有一个很好的解决方法来排除文件并使用 ssh 安全地复制它。本页面说明如何在使用 scp 递归复制目录时过滤或排除文件。
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## 如何使用 rsync 命令排除文件
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语法是：
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`rsync av -e ssh --exclude='*.out' /path/to/source/ [[email protected]][1]:/path/to/dest/`
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这里：
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1. **-a** ：递归到目录，即复制所有文件和子目录。另外，打开归档模式和所有其他选项（-rlptgoD）
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2. **-v** ：详细输出
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3. **-e ssh** ：使用 ssh 作为远程 shell，这样所有的东西都被加密
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4. **\--exclude='*.out'** ：排除匹配模式的文件，例如 \*.out 或 \*.c 等。
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### rsync 命令的例子
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在这个例子中，从 ~/virt/ 目录递归地复制所有文件，但排除所有 \*.new 文件：
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`$ rsync -av -e ssh --exclude='*.new' ~/virt/ [[email protected]][1]:/tmp`
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示例输出：
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[![Scp exclude files but using rsync exclude command][2]][2]
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如果远程服务器上找不到 rsync，那么 rsync 命令将失败。在这种情况下，请尝试使用以下 scp 命令，该命令在当前目录中使用[ bash shell 模式匹配] [3]（它不与 -r 选项一起使用）：
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`$ ls `
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示例输出：
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```
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centos71.log centos71.qcow2 centos71.qcow2.new centos71.v2.qcow2.new meta-data user-data
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```
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centos71.log centos71.qcow2 centos71.qcow2.new centos71.v2.qcow2.new meta-data user-data
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复制除 .new 之外的当前目录中的所有内容：
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```
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$ shopt -s extglob
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$ scp !(.new)* [[email protected]][1]:/tmp/
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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centos71.log 100 % 4262 1.3MB/s 00:00
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centos71.qcow2 100 % 836MB 32.7MB/s 00: 25
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meta-data 100 % 47 18.5KB/s 00:00
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user-data 100 % 1543 569.7KB/s 00:00
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```
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有关更多信息，请参阅以下手册页：
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```
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$ [man rsync][4]
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$ man bash
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$ [man scp][5]
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/scp-exclude-files-when-using-command-recursively-on-unix-linux/
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/scp-exclude-files-on-linux-unix-macos-bash-shell-command-line.jpg
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[3]:https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Pattern-Matching.html#Pattern-Matching
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[4]:https://www.samba.org/ftp/rsync/rsync.html
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[5]:https://man.openbsd.org/scp
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