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我的个人电子邮件系统设置：notmuch、mbsync、Postfix 和 dovecot
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======
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我使用个人电子邮件系统已经相当长的时间了，但是一直没有记录过文档。最近我换了我的笔记本电脑（职业变更导致的变动），我在试图重新创建本地邮件系统时迷茫了。所以这篇文章是一个给自己看的文档，这样我就不用费劲就能再次搭建出来。
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### 服务器端
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我运行自己的邮件服务器，并使用 Postfix 作为 SMTP 服务器，用 Dovecot 实现 IMAP。我不打算详细介绍如何配置这些设置，因为我的设置主要是通过使用 Jonas 为 Redpill 基础架构创建的脚本完成的。什么是 Redpill？（用 Jonas 自己的话说）：
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> \<jonas> Redpill 是一个概念：一种设置 Debian hosts 去跨组织协作的方式
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>
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> \<jonas> 我发展了这个概念，并将其首次用于 Redpill 网中网：redpill.dk，其中涉及到了我自己的网络（jones.dk），我的主要客户的网络（homebase.dk），一个包括 Skolelinux Germany（free-owl.de）的在德国的网络，和 Vasudev 的网络（copyninja.info）
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除此之外， 我还有一个 dovecot sieve 过滤，根据邮件的来源，对邮件进行高级分类，将其放到各种文件夹中。所有的规则都存在于每个有邮件地址的账户下的 `~/dovecot.sieve` 文件中。
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再次，我不会详细介绍如何设置这些东西，因为这不是我这个帖子的目标。
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### 在我的笔记本电脑上
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在我的笔记本电脑上，我已经按照 4 个部分设置
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1. 邮件同步：使用 `mbsync` 命令完成
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2. 分类：使用 notmuch 完成
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3. 阅读：使用 notmuch-emacs 完成
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4. 邮件发送：使用作为中继服务器和 SMTP 客户端运行的 Postfix 完成。
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### 邮件同步
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邮件同步是使用 `mbsync` 工具完成的， 我以前是 OfflineIMAP 的用户，最近切换到 `mbsync`，因为我觉得它比 OfflineIMAP 的配置更轻量、更简单。该命令是由 isync 包提供的。
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配置文件是 `~/.mbsyncrc`。下面是我的例子与一些个人设置。
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```
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IMAPAccount copyninja
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Host imap.copyninja.info
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User vasudev
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PassCmd "gpg -q --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --exit-on-status-write-error --batch --passphrase-file ~/path/to/passphrase.txt -d ~/path/to/mailpass.gpg"
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SSLType IMAPS
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SSLVersion TLSv1.2
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CertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
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IMAPAccount gmail-kamathvasudev
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Host imap.gmail.com
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User kamathvasudev@gmail.com
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PassCmd "gpg -q --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --exit-on-status-write-error --batch --passphrase-file ~/path/to/passphrase.txt -d ~/path/to/mailpass.gpg"
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SSLType IMAPS
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SSLVersion TLSv1.2
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CertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
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IMAPStore copyninja-remote
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Account copyninja
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IMAPStore gmail-kamathvasudev-remote
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Account gmail-kamathvasudev
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MaildirStore copyninja-local
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Path ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/
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Inbox ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/INBOX
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MaildirStore gmail-kamathvasudev-local
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Path ~/Mail/Gmail-1/
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Inbox ~/Mail/Gmail-1/INBOX
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Channel copyninja
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Master :copyninja-remote:
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Slave :copyninja-local:
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Patterns *
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Create Both
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SyncState *
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Sync All
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Channel gmail-kamathvasudev
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Master :gmail-kamathvasudev-remote:
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Slave :gmail-kamathvasudev-local:
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# Exclude everything under the internal [Gmail] folder, except the interesting folders
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Patterns * ![Gmail]*
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Create Both
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SyncState *
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Sync All
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```
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对上述配置中的一些有趣部分进行一下说明。一个是 PassCmd，它允许你提供 shell 命令来获取帐户的密码。这样可以避免在配置文件中填写密码。我使用 gpg 的对称加密，并在我的磁盘上存储密码。这当然是由 Unix ACL 保护安全的。
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实际上，我想使用我的公钥来加密文件，但当脚本在后台或通过 systemd 运行时，解锁文件看起来很困难 （或者说几乎不可能）。如果你有更好的建议，我洗耳恭听:-)。
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下一个指令部分是 Patterns。这使你可以有选择地同步来自邮件服务器的邮件。这对我来说真的很有帮助，可以排除所有的 “[Gmail]/ folders” 垃圾目录。
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### 邮件分类
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一旦邮件到达你的本地设备，我们需要一种方法来轻松地在邮件读取器中读取邮件。我最初的设置使用本地 dovecot 实例提供同步的 Maildir，并在 Gnus 中阅读。这种设置相比于设置所有的服务器软件是有点大题小作，但 Gnus 无法很好地应付 Maildir 格式，这是最好的方法。这个设置也有一个缺点，那就是在你快速搜索邮件时，要搜索大量邮件。而这就是 notmuch 的用武之地。
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notmuch 允许我轻松索引上千兆字节的邮件档案而找到我需要的东西。我已经创建了一个小脚本，它结合了执行 `mbsync` 和 `notmuch`。我使用 dovecot sieve 来基于实际上创建在服务器端的 Maildirs 标记邮件。下面是我的完整 shell 脚本，它执行同步分类和删除垃圾邮件的任务。
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```
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#!/bin/sh
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MBSYNC=$(pgrep mbsync)
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NOTMUCH=$(pgrep notmuch)
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if [ -n "$MBSYNC" -o -n "$NOTMUCH" ]; then
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echo "Already running one instance of mail-sync. Exiting..."
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exit 0
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fi
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echo "Deleting messages tagged as *deleted*"
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notmuch search --format=text0 --output=files tag:deleted |xargs -0 --no-run-if-empty rm -v
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echo "Moving spam to Spam folder"
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notmuch search --format=text0 --output=files tag:Spam and \
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to:vasudev@copyninja.info | \
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xargs -0 -I {} --no-run-if-empty mv -v {} ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/Spam/cur
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notmuch search --format=text0 --output=files tag:Spam and
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to:vasudev-debian@copyninja.info | \
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xargs -0 -I {} --no-run-if-empty mv -v {} ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/Spam/cur
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MDIR="vasudev-copyninja.info vasudev-debian Gmail-1"
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mbsync -Va
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notmuch new
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for mdir in $MDIR; do
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echo "Processing $mdir"
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for fdir in $(ls -d /home/vasudev/Mail/$mdir/*); do
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if [ $(basename $fdir) != "INBOX" ]; then
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echo "Tagging for $(basename $fdir)"
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notmuch tag +$(basename $fdir) -inbox -- folder:$mdir/$(basename $fdir)
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fi
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done
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done
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```
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因此，在运行 `mbsync` 之前，我搜索所有标记为“deleted”的邮件，并将其从系统中删除。接下来，我在我的帐户上查找标记为“Spam”的邮件，并将其移动到“Spam”文件夹。你没看错，这些邮件逃脱了垃圾邮件过滤器进入到我的收件箱，并被我亲自标记为垃圾邮件。
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运行 `mbsync` 后，我基于它们的文件夹标记邮件（搜索字符串 `folder:`）。这让我可以很容易地得到一个邮件列表的内容，而不需要记住列表地址。
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### 阅读邮件
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现在，我们已经实现同步和分类邮件，是时候来设置阅读部分。我使用 notmuch-emacs 界面来阅读邮件。我使用 emacs 的 Spacemacs 风格，所以我花了一些时间写了一个私有层，它将我所有的快捷键和分类集中在一个地方，而不会扰乱我的整个 `.spacemacs` 文件。你可以在 [notmuch-emacs-layer 仓库][1] 找到我的私有层的代码。
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### 发送邮件
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能阅读邮件这还不够，我们也需要能够回复邮件。而这是最近是我感到迷茫的一个略显棘手的部分，以至于不得不写这篇文章，这样我就不会再忘记了。（当然也不必在网络上参考一些过时的帖子。）
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我的系统发送邮件使用 Postfix 作为 SMTP 客户端，使用我自己的 SMTP 服务器作为它的中继主机。中继的问题是，它不能是具有动态 IP 的主机。有两种方法可以允许具有动态 IP 的主机使用中继服务器， 一种是将邮件来源的 IP 地址放入 `my_network` 或第二个使用 SASL 身份验证。
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我的首选方法是使用 SASL 身份验证。为此，我首先要为每台机器创建一个单独的账户，它将把邮件中继到我的主服务器上。想法是不使用我的主帐户 SASL 进行身份验证。（最初我使用的是主账户，但 Jonas 给出了可行的按账户的想法）
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```
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adduser <hostname>_relay
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```
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这里替换 `<hostname>` 为你的笔记本电脑的名称或任何你正在使用的设备。现在我们需要调整 Postfix 作为中继服务器。因此，在 Postfix 配置中添加以下行：
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```
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# SASL authentication
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smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
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smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
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smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous
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relayhost = [smtp.copyninja.info]:submission
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smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
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```
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因此， 这里的 `relayhost` 是用于将邮件转发到互联网的 Postfix 实例的服务器名称。`submission` 的部分 Postfix 将邮件转发到端口 587（安全端口）。`smtp_sasl_tls_security_options` 设置为不允许匿名连接。这是必须的，以便中继服务器信任你的移动主机，并同意为你转发邮件。
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`/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd` 是你需要存储用于服务器 SASL 身份验证的帐户密码的文件。将以下内容放入其中。
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```
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[smtp.example.com]:submission user:password
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```
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用你已放入 `relayhost` 配置的 SMTP 服务器名称替换 `smtp.example.com`。用你创建的 `<hostname>_relay` 用户及其密码替换 `user` 和 `passwd`。
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若要保护 `sasl_passwd` 文件，并为 Postfix 创建它的哈希文件，使用以下命令。
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```
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chown root:root /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
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chmod 0600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
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postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
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```
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最后一条命令将创建 `/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db` 文件，它是你的文件的 `/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd` 的哈希文件，具有相同的所有者和权限。现在重新加载 Postfix，并使用 `mail` 命令检查邮件是否从你的系统中发出。
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### Bonus 的部分
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好吧，因为我有一个脚本创建以上结合了邮件的同步和分类。我继续创建了一个 systemd 计时器，以定期同步后台的邮件。就我而言，每 10 分钟一次。下面是 `mailsync.timer` 文件。
|
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|
||||
```
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[Unit]
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Description=Check Mail Every 10 minutes
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RefuseManualStart=no
|
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RefuseManualStop=no
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[Timer]
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Persistent=false
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OnBootSec=5min
|
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OnUnitActiveSec=10min
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Unit=mailsync.service
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[Install]
|
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WantedBy=default.target
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```
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下面是 mailsync.service 服务，这是 mailsync.timer 执行我们的脚本所需要的。
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```
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[Unit]
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Description=Check Mail
|
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RefuseManualStart=no
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RefuseManualStop=yes
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|
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[Service]
|
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Type=oneshot
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ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/mail-sync
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StandardOutput=syslog
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StandardError=syslog
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```
|
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|
||||
将这些文件置于 `/etc/systemd/user` 目录下并运行以下代码去开启它们：
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```
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systemctl enable --user mailsync.timer
|
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systemctl enable --user mailsync.service
|
||||
systemctl start --user mailsync.timer
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||||
```
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||||
这就是我从系统同步和发送邮件的方式。我从 Jonas Smedegaard 那里了解到了 afew，他审阅了这篇帖子。因此， 下一步， 我将尝试使用 afew 改进我的 notmuch 配置，当然还会有一个后续的帖子:-)。
|
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://copyninja.info/blog/email_setup.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[copyninja][a]
|
||||
译者：[lixinyuxx](https://github.com/lixinyuxx)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
[a]:https://copyninja.info
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||||
[1]:https://source.copyninja.info/notmuch-emacs-layer.git/
|
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@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
Translating by wwhio
|
||||
|
||||
The Ruby Story
|
||||
======
|
||||
Ruby has always been one of my favorite languages, though I’ve sometimes found it hard to express why that is. The best I’ve been able to do is this musical analogy: Whereas Python feels to me like punk rock—it’s simple, predictable, but rigid—Ruby feels like jazz. Ruby gives programmers a radical freedom to express themselves, though that comes at the cost of added complexity and can lead to programmers writing programs that don’t make immediate sense to other people.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
|
||||
translating by lixinyuxx
|
||||
|
||||
27 open solutions to everything in education
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Openness (from open source software, to open hardware, to open principles) is changing the paradigm of education. So, to celebrate all that's gone on this year, I collected 27 of the best articles published on Opensource.com in 2017 on the subject. I divided them into broad themes, rather than ordering them by popularity. And, if these 27 stories don't satisfy your appetite for information about open source in education, check out our companion article on how [education is leveraging Raspberry Pi and Linux][30].
|
||||
|
||||
### Open is better for everyone
|
||||
|
||||
1. [Book review: 'OPEN' explores broad cultural implications of openness][1]: Scott Nesbitt reviews David Price's book OPEN, which explores the idea that "open" isn't just a technological shift, rather it's "how we'll work, live, and learn in the future."
|
||||
|
||||
2. [Jump-start your career with open source skills][2]: VM (Vicky) Brasseur points out how to get ahead in the workforce by learning open source. This advice isn't just for programmers; designers, writers, marketers, and other creative professionals are also essential to the success of open source.
|
||||
|
||||
3. [A graduate degree could springboard you into an open source job][3]: Citing research that shows that Linux skills lead to higher pay, Joshua Pearce makes the case that open source proficiency and a graduate degree are an unbeatable career combination.
|
||||
|
||||
4. [These 3 practices revolutionized Penn Manor's school culture][4]: Charlie Reisinger shows us how open practices are creating a more inclusive, agile, and open culture in a Pennsylvania school district. Charlie says it's not just about saving money; the district also gains from "open leadership principles that foster innovation among teachers and students, help to better engage the community, and create a more vibrant and inclusive learning community."
|
||||
|
||||
5. [15 ways to empower students with open source tools][5]: I write how open source gives students the freedom to explore, tinker, and learn, whether they're learning basic digital literacy or expanding on those skills with fun projects.
|
||||
|
||||
6. [Developer opportunities to code for good][6]: Open source is often the backbone of socially beneficial projects. As Ahn Bui, vice president of Benetech Labs, states in this interview: "Establishing open data standards is an integral step in breaking down data silos. Those open standards will provide the foundation for interoperability and in turn, translate to more organizations building together, often more cost effectively. The ultimate goal is to serve more people at the same cost or even less."
|
||||
|
||||
### Open education resources for remixing and reusing
|
||||
|
||||
1. [Can academic faculty members teach with Wikipedia?][7] LiAnna Davis, director of programs for Wiki Ed, discusses how open educational resources (OERs), such as Wiki Ed, are providing high-quality and affordable open source learning resources as classroom teaching tools.
|
||||
|
||||
2. [Are textbooks in or out? The state of open educational resources][8]: Cable Green, director of open education for Creative Commons, shares how the face of education is changing in higher education and what Creative Commons is doing to facilitate it.
|
||||
|
||||
3. [School systems desperate for standards-aligned curricula find hope][9]: Karen Vaites, community evangelist and chief marketing officer of Open Up Resources, talks about the nonprofit organization's efforts to provide open, standards-aligned curricula for K-12 schools.
|
||||
|
||||
4. [How the University of Hawaii is solving today's higher ed problems][10]: Billy Meinke, educational technologist at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, says that transitioning to OER in college courses will "empower faculty to take control of what content they teach with, which we expect will result in their saving students money."
|
||||
|
||||
5. [How open courses are slashing the cost of higher education][11]: Saylor Academy's director of education Devon Ritter reports how Saylor is building its college credit-eligible courses on openly licensed content, with the goal of making higher education affordable and accessible to more people.
|
||||
|
||||
6. [Open educational resources movement gains speed][12]: Alexis Clifton, executive director of the State University of New York OER Services, describes how New York's US$ 8 million investment is spurring growth in open education and making college more affordable.
|
||||
|
||||
7. [Open project collaboration from elementary to university classrooms][13]: Aria F. Chernik from Duke University explores OSPRI (Open Source Pedagogy Research and Innovation), a collaboration between Duke and Red Hat that's building a 21st-century, preK-12 learning ecosystem that is open by design.
|
||||
|
||||
8. [Perma.cc stops scholarly link rot][14]: Virginia Tech's Phillip Young writes about Perma.cc, a solution to "link rot," which is the high probability that hyperlinks in academic papers will disappear or change over time.
|
||||
|
||||
9. [Open education: How students save money by creating open textbooks][15]: OER pioneer Robin DeRosa talks about "the freedom that the openly licensed textbook introduced, and the overarching idea that education and learning should be contextualized in inclusive ecosystems that enhance the public good."
|
||||
|
||||
### Open source tools in the classroom
|
||||
|
||||
1. [How an open source board game is saving the planet][16]: Joshua Pearce writes about Save the Planet, a board game that empowers students to solve environmental problems while having fun and contributing to the maker community.
|
||||
|
||||
2. [A new Android app for teaching kids how to read][17]: Michael Hall talks about Phoenicia, a children's literacy app he developed after his son was diagnosed with autism, the value of coding for good, and why user testing matters more than you think.
|
||||
|
||||
3. [8 open source Android apps for education][18]: Joshua Allen Holm challenges us to use our smartphones as learning tools by recommending eight open source apps from the F-Droid repository to try.
|
||||
|
||||
4. [3 open source alternatives to MATLAB][19]: Jason Baker's update to his 2016 survey of open source mathematical computing software presents alternatives to MATLAB, the expensive, proprietary solution nearly ubiquitous in mathematics, physical sciences, engineering, and economics.
|
||||
|
||||
5. [What does SVG have to do with teaching kids to code?][20] Retired engineer Jay Nick talks about how he uses art as a creative way to introduce students to coding. He volunteers in schools, using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) to teach an approach to coding that combines principles of mathematics and art.
|
||||
|
||||
6. [5 myths busted: Using open source in higher education][21]: Kyle Conway, who holds a PhD in fine arts from Texas Tech, shares his experience using open source tools in a world ruled by proprietary solutions. Kyle says there's a bias against using open source in disciplines outside of computer science: "Many people think non-technical students can't use Linux, and they make a lot of assumptions about people who use it in their advanced degree programs. … Well, it is possible, and I'm proof."
|
||||
|
||||
7. [A list of open source tools for college][22]: Aaron Cocker outlines the open source tools (including presentation, backup, and programming software) he uses while working on his undergraduate degree in computer science.
|
||||
|
||||
8. [5 great KDE apps to help you study][23]: Zsolt Szakács offers five KDE applications that help anyone who wants to learn new skills or cultivate existing ones.
|
||||
|
||||
### Coding in the classroom
|
||||
|
||||
1. [How to get the next generation coding early][24]: Bryson Payne says we need to teach kids to code before high school: By ninth grade 80% of girls and 60% of boys have already self-selected out of a STEM career. But it's not only about jobs and closing the IT skills gap, he suggests. "Teaching a young person to code could be the single most life-changing skill you can give them. And it's not just a career-enhancer. Coding is about problem-solving, it's about creativity, and more importantly, it's about empowerment."
|
||||
|
||||
2. [Kids can't code without computers][25]: Patrick Masson introduces the FLOSS Desktops for Kids program, which teaches students at underserved schools to repurpose older computers with open source software, such as Linux, LibreOffice, and GIMP. Not only is the program breathing new life into broken or decommissioned hardware, it's also giving students important skills that may translate into future careers.
|
||||
|
||||
3. [Is Scratch today like the Logo of the '80s for teaching kids to code?][26] Anderson Silva offers suggestions for using [Scratch][27] to spark kids' interest in programming, just as LOGO did when he started using it in the 1980s.
|
||||
|
||||
4. [Learn Android development with this drag-and-drop framework][28]: Eric Eslinger describes App Inventor, a programming framework for building Android applications using a visual blocks language (similar to Scratch or [Snap][29]).
|
||||
|
||||
Throughout the year we learned that there is an open solution to everything in education, and I expect this theme to continue in 2018 and beyond. Are there open education topics you'd like Opensource.com to cover in the coming year? If so, please share your ideas in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/best-open-education
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[1]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/book-review-open
|
||||
[2]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/jump-start-your-career
|
||||
[3]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/grad-school-open-source-academic-lab
|
||||
[4]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/open-school-leadership
|
||||
[5]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/empower-students-open-source-tools
|
||||
[6]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/interview-anh-bui-benetech-labs
|
||||
[7]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/Wiki-Education-Foundation
|
||||
[8]:https://opensource.com/article/17/2/future-textbooks-cable-green-creative-commons
|
||||
[9]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/open-up-resources
|
||||
[10]:https://opensource.com/article/17/2/interview-education-billy-meinke
|
||||
[11]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/college-alternatives
|
||||
[12]:https://opensource.com/article/17/10/open-educational-resources-alexis-clifton
|
||||
[13]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/education-should-be-open-design
|
||||
[14]:https://opensource.com/article/17/9/stop-link-rot-permacc
|
||||
[15]:https://opensource.com/article/17/11/creating-open-textbooks
|
||||
[16]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/save-planet-board-game
|
||||
[17]:https://opensource.com/article/17/4/phoenicia-education-software
|
||||
[18]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/8-open-source-android-apps-education
|
||||
[19]:https://opensource.com/alternatives/matlab
|
||||
[20]:https://opensource.com/article/17/5/coding-scalable-vector-graphics-make-steam
|
||||
[21]:https://opensource.com/article/17/5/how-linux-higher-education
|
||||
[22]:https://opensource.com/article/17/6/open-source-tools-university-student
|
||||
[23]:https://opensource.com/article/17/6/kde-education-software
|
||||
[24]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/teach-kid-code-change-life
|
||||
[25]:https://opensource.com/article/17/9/floss-desktops-kids
|
||||
[26]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/logo-scratch-teach-programming-kids
|
||||
[27]:https://scratch.mit.edu/
|
||||
[28]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/app-inventor-android-app-development
|
||||
[29]:http://snap.berkeley.edu/
|
||||
[30]:https://opensource.com/article/17/12/best-opensourcecom-linux-and-raspberry-pi-education
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (qhwdw)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
|
||||
我的个人电子邮件系统 - Notmuch， mbsync，postfix and dovecot
|
||||
======
|
||||
我使用个人电子邮件系统已经相当长的时间了， 没有文字记录。最近当我换了我的笔记本电脑(职业变更做的变动)我在试图重新创建本地邮件设置时迷茫了。所以这篇文章是一个自己的文档， 这样我就不用费劲就能修正过来。
|
||||
|
||||
### 服务器端
|
||||
|
||||
我运行自己的邮件服务器， 并使用 Postfix 作为 SMTP 服务器和用 Dovecot 实现 IMAP 。我不打算详细介绍如何配置这些设置， 因为我的设置主要是通过使用 Jonas 为 Redpill 基础架构创建的脚本完成的。什么是 Redpill ？(用 Jonas 自己的话说)
|
||||
|
||||
> <jonas> Redpill 是一个概念 - 一种设置 Debian hosts 去跨组织协作的方式<jonas> 我延申了这个概念， 并将其首次使用 Redpill 去联网 redpill.dk， 涉及我自己的网络 (jones.dk)， 我的主要客户的网络 (homebase.dk)，在德国的一个网络， 包括Skolelinux Germany (free-owl.de)， 和 Vasudev 的网络 (copyninja.info)
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外， 我还有一个 dovecot sieve 过滤， 根据邮件的来源， 对高级邮件进行分类， 并将其分类到各种文件夹中。所有的规则都存在于每个有邮件地址的账户下的 ~/dovecot.sieve文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
再次， 我不详细介绍如何设置这些东西， 因为这不是我这个帖子的目标。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在我的笔记本电脑上
|
||||
|
||||
在我的笔记本电脑上，我已经按照4个部分设置
|
||||
|
||||
1. 邮件同步: 使用 mbsync 命令完成
|
||||
2. 分类: 使用 notmuch 完成
|
||||
3. 阅读: 使用 notmuch-emacs 完成
|
||||
4. 邮件发送: 使用作为转接服务器和 SMTP 客户端运行的 postfix 完成。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 邮件同步
|
||||
|
||||
邮件同步是使用 mbsync 工具完成的， 我以前是 OfflineIMAP 的用户，最近切换到 mbsync，因为我觉得它比 OfflineIMAP 的配置更轻，更简单。命令是由包 isync 提供的。
|
||||
|
||||
配置文件是 ~/.mbsyncrc. 下面是我的例子与一些个人设置。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
IMAPAccount copyninja
|
||||
Host imap.copyninja.info
|
||||
User vasudev
|
||||
PassCmd "gpg -q --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --exit-on-status-write-error --batch --passphrase-file ~/path/to/passphrase.txt -d ~/path/to/mailpass.gpg"
|
||||
SSLType IMAPS
|
||||
SSLVersion TLSv1.2
|
||||
CertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
IMAPAccount gmail-kamathvasudev
|
||||
Host imap.gmail.com
|
||||
User kamathvasudev@gmail.com
|
||||
PassCmd "gpg -q --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --exit-on-status-write-error --batch --passphrase-file ~/path/to/passphrase.txt -d ~/path/to/mailpass.gpg"
|
||||
SSLType IMAPS
|
||||
SSLVersion TLSv1.2
|
||||
CertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
|
||||
|
||||
IMAPStore copyninja-remote
|
||||
Account copyninja
|
||||
|
||||
IMAPStore gmail-kamathvasudev-remote
|
||||
Account gmail-kamathvasudev
|
||||
|
||||
MaildirStore copyninja-local
|
||||
Path ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/
|
||||
Inbox ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/INBOX
|
||||
|
||||
MaildirStore gmail-kamathvasudev-local
|
||||
Path ~/Mail/Gmail-1/
|
||||
Inbox ~/Mail/Gmail-1/INBOX
|
||||
|
||||
Channel copyninja
|
||||
Master :copyninja-remote:
|
||||
Slave :copyninja-local:
|
||||
Patterns *
|
||||
Create Both
|
||||
SyncState *
|
||||
Sync All
|
||||
|
||||
Channel gmail-kamathvasudev
|
||||
Master :gmail-kamathvasudev-remote:
|
||||
Slave :gmail-kamathvasudev-local:
|
||||
# Exclude everything under the internal [Gmail] folder, except the interesting folders
|
||||
Patterns * ![Gmail]*
|
||||
Create Both
|
||||
SyncState *
|
||||
Sync All
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
对上述配置中的一些有趣部分进行说明。一个是 PassCmd ， 它允许你提供 shell 命令来获取帐户的密码。这样可以避免在配置文件中填写密码。我在我磁盘上的一些地方使用对称加密 gpg 和存储密码。这当然是由 Unix ACL 保护安全。
|
||||
|
||||
实际上， 我想使用我的公钥加密文件， 但当脚本在后台或通过 systemd 运行时， 解锁文件看起来很困难 (或看起来几乎不可能)。如果你有更好的建议， 我洗耳恭听:-)。
|
||||
|
||||
下一个指令部分是模式。这使你可以有选择地同步来自邮件服务器的邮件。这对我来说真的很有帮助， 可以排除所有的垃圾 [Gmail]/ folders.
|
||||
|
||||
### 邮件分类
|
||||
|
||||
一旦邮件在你本地的设备， 我们需要一种方法来轻松地在邮件读取器中读取邮件。我最初的设置使用本地 dovecot 实例提供同步 Maildir， 并在 Gnus 中阅读。这种设置相比于设置所有服务器软件是有点大题小作， 但 Gnus 无法很好地应付 maildir 格式， 这是最好的方法。这个设置也有一个缺点， 那就是在你有大量邮件要看的时候快速搜索邮件。这是为数不多的情况。
|
||||
|
||||
不多的情况下我想很容易索引通过千兆字节的邮件档案， 并得到我需要的东西。我已经创建了一个小脚本， 它结合了执行 mbsync 和 notmuch 执行语句。我基于 Maildirs 标记邮件， 实际上是创建在服务器端使用 dovecot sieve 。下面是我的完整 shell 脚本， 它正在执行同步分类和删除垃圾邮件的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
|
||||
MBSYNC=$(pgrep mbsync)
|
||||
NOTMUCH=$(pgrep notmuch)
|
||||
|
||||
if [ -n "$MBSYNC" -o -n "$NOTMUCH" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Already running one instance of mail-sync. Exiting..."
|
||||
exit 0
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Deleting messages tagged as *deleted*"
|
||||
notmuch search --format=text0 --output=files tag:deleted |xargs -0 --no-run-if-empty rm -v
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Moving spam to Spam folder"
|
||||
notmuch search --format=text0 --output=files tag:Spam and \
|
||||
to:vasudev@copyninja.info | \
|
||||
xargs -0 -I {} --no-run-if-empty mv -v {} ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/Spam/cur
|
||||
notmuch search --format=text0 --output=files tag:Spam and
|
||||
to:vasudev-debian@copyninja.info | \
|
||||
xargs -0 -I {} --no-run-if-empty mv -v {} ~/Mail/vasudev-copyninja.info/Spam/cur
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
MDIR="vasudev-copyninja.info vasudev-debian Gmail-1"
|
||||
mbsync -Va
|
||||
notmuch new
|
||||
|
||||
for mdir in $MDIR; do
|
||||
echo "Processing $mdir"
|
||||
for fdir in $(ls -d /home/vasudev/Mail/$mdir/*); do
|
||||
if [ $(basename $fdir) != "INBOX" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Tagging for $(basename $fdir)"
|
||||
notmuch tag +$(basename $fdir) -inbox -- folder:$mdir/$(basename $fdir)
|
||||
fi
|
||||
done
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
因此， 在运行 mbsync 之前， 我搜索所有标记为已删除的邮件， 并将其从系统中删除。接下来， 我在我的帐户上查找标记为 "垃圾邮件" 的邮件， 并将其移动到垃圾邮件文件夹。你做的对，这些邮件逃脱垃圾邮件过滤器进到我的 inbox ，并被我亲自标记为垃圾邮件。
|
||||
|
||||
运行 mbsync 后， 我基于他们的文件夹标记邮件 (搜索字符串文件夹:)。这让我可以很容易地得到一个邮件列表的内容， 而不需要记住列表地址。
|
||||
|
||||
### 阅读邮件
|
||||
|
||||
现在， 我们已经实现同步和分类邮件，是时候来设置阅读部分。我使用 notmuch-emacs 界面来阅读邮件。我使用 emacs 的 Spacemacs 风格， 所以我花了一些时间写下一个私有层（private layer），它将我所有的快捷键和分类集中在一个地方， 不会扰乱我的整个. spacemacs 文件。你可以在 [notmuch-emacs-layer repository][1] 找到我私有层的代码。
|
||||
|
||||
### 发送邮件
|
||||
|
||||
如果我们能阅读邮件， 我们就需要能够回复邮件， 这还不够。而这是最近是我感到迷茫的一个略显棘手的部分， 不得不写这篇文章， 这样我就不会再忘记了。(当然也不必在网络上引用一些过时的帖子)。
|
||||
|
||||
我的设置发送邮件使用 postfix 作为 SMTP 客户端与我自己的 SMTP 服务器作为它的转接主机。转接的问题是， 它不是具有动态 IP 的主机。有几种方法可以允许具有动态 ip 的主机使用转接服务器， 一种是将邮件从其中发源于 my_network 或第二个使用 SASL 身份验证的 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
我的首选方法是使用 SASL 身份验证。为此， 我首先要为每台机器创建一个单独的账户， 它将把邮件传递到我的主服务器上。想法是不使用我的主帐户 SASL 进行身份验证。（最初我使用的是主要账户， 但 Jonas 给出了每个可行账户的想法）
|
||||
```
|
||||
adduser <hostname>_relay
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这里替换 <hostname> 与你的笔记本电脑的名称或任何你正在使用的设备。现在我们需要调整 postfix ， 作为转接服务器。因此， 在 postfix 配置中添加以下行
|
||||
```
|
||||
# SASL authentication
|
||||
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
|
||||
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
|
||||
smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous
|
||||
relayhost = [smtp.copyninja.info]:submission
|
||||
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
因此， 这里的 relayhost 是你的 postfix 实例将用于邮件转发到互联网的服务器名称。submission 的部分 postfix 将邮件转发到端口 587 (安全)。smtp_sasl_tls_security_options 设置为不允许匿名连接。这必须使转接服务器信任你的移动主机， 并同意为你转发邮件。
|
||||
|
||||
/etc/postfix/sasl__asswd 是你需要存储用于服务器 SASL 身份验证的帐户密码的文件。将以下内容放入其中。
|
||||
```
|
||||
[smtp.example.com]:submission user:password
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
用你的 SMTP 服务器名称替换 smtp.example.com ，你已输入的 relayhost 认证。 用你创建的用户及其密码替换 user with <hostname>_relay 。
|
||||
|
||||
若要保护 sasl_passwd 文件， 并创建它的 hash（哈希） 进行 postfix 使用以下命令。
|
||||
```
|
||||
chown root:root /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
|
||||
chmod 0600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
|
||||
postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后的命令将创建 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db 文件是你的文件的 hash /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd 具有相同的所有者和权限。现在重新加载 postfix， 并检查邮件是否使用邮件命令从你的系统中取出。
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus 的部分
|
||||
|
||||
好吧， 因为我有一个脚本创建以上结合了邮件的同步和分类。我继续创建了一个 systemd 计时器， 以定期同步后台的邮件。就我而言， 每10分钟一次。下面是 mailsync.timer 文件。
|
||||
```
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Check Mail Every 10 minutes
|
||||
RefuseManualStart=no
|
||||
RefuseManualStop=no
|
||||
|
||||
[Timer]
|
||||
Persistent=false
|
||||
OnBootSec=5min
|
||||
OnUnitActiveSec=10min
|
||||
Unit=mailsync.service
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=default.target
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下面是 mailsync. 服务， 这是邮件同步计时器执行我们的脚本所需要的。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Check Mail
|
||||
RefuseManualStart=no
|
||||
RefuseManualStop=yes
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
Type=oneshot
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/mail-sync
|
||||
StandardOutput=syslog
|
||||
StandardError=syslog
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
将这些文件置于 /etc/systemd/user 目录下并运行以下代码去开启它们
|
||||
```
|
||||
systemctl enable --user mailsync.timer
|
||||
systemctl enable --user mailsync.service
|
||||
systemctl start --user mailsync.timer
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这就是我从系统同步和发送邮件的方式。我从 Jonas Smedegaard 那里了解到了 afew ，他同时阅读了这篇帖子。因此， 下一步， 我将尝试使用 afew 改进我的 notmuch 配置， 当然还会有一个后续的帖子:-)。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://copyninja.info/blog/email_setup.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[copyninja][a]
|
||||
译者：[lixinyuxx](https://github.com/lixinyuxx)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://copyninja.info
|
||||
[1]:https://source.copyninja.info/notmuch-emacs-layer.git/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
|
||||
27个解决教学问题的开放式方法
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
开放式理念 (从开源软件到开放硬件， 再到开放原则) 正在改变教育的范式。因此， 为了庆祝今年发生的一切， 我收集了2017年在 Opensource.com 上发表的27篇关于这个主题的最好的文章。我把它们分成明确的主题， 而不是按人气来分类。而且， 如果这27个故事不能满足你对教育公开信息的胃口， 那就看看我们的合作文章吧 “ [education is leveraging Raspberry Pi and Linux][30]”
|
||||
|
||||
### 开放对每个人都有好处
|
||||
|
||||
1. [Book review: 'OPEN' explores broad cultural implications of openness][1]: Scott Nesbitt 评价David Price 的书 'OPEN' ，该书探讨了 “开放” 不仅仅是技术转变的观点， 而是 “我们未来将如何工作、生活和学习”。
|
||||
|
||||
2. [Jump-start your career with open source skills][2]: VM (Vicky) Brasseur 指出了如何利用开放式学习在工作群体中脱颖而出。 这个建议不仅仅是针对程序员的， 而是针对程序员的。设计师、作家、营销人员和其他创意专业人士也是开放式成功的关键。
|
||||
|
||||
3. [A graduate degree could springboard you into an open source job][3]: 引用的研究表明会 Linux 技能会带来更高的薪水， Joshua Pearce 说对开源的熟练和研究生学位是无与伦比的职业技能组合。
|
||||
|
||||
4. [These 3 practices revolutionized Penn Manor's school culture][4]: Charlie Reisinger 向我们展示了开放的做法是如何在宾夕法尼亚州的一个学区创造一种更具包容性、敏捷性和开放性的文化的。 Charlie 说， 这不仅仅是为了省钱;该区还受益于 “开放式领导原则， 促进师生创新， 帮助更好地吸引社区， 创造一个更有活力和包容性的学习社区”。
|
||||
|
||||
5. [15 ways to empower students with open source tools][5]: 我写开源是如何让学生自由探索、补拙和学习的， 不管他们是在学习基本的数字化素养， 还是通过有趣的项目来扩展这些技能。
|
||||
|
||||
6. [Developer opportunities to code for good][6]: 开源往往是对社会有益的项目的支柱。正如 Benetech Labs 副总裁 Ahn Bui 在这次采访中指出的那样: “建立开放数据标准是打破数据孤岛不可或缺的一步。这些开放标准将为互操作性提供基础， 进而转化为更多的组织共同建设， 往往更具成本效益。最终目标是以同样的成本甚至更低的成本为更多的人服务。”
|
||||
|
||||
### 用于再融合和再利用的开放式教育资源
|
||||
|
||||
1. [Can academic faculty members teach with Wikipedia?][7] LiAnna Davis，Wiki Ed 的， 项目总监，讨论开放教育资源 (OERs) ，如 Wiki Ed，如何提供高质量且经济实惠的开源学习资源作为课堂教学工具。
|
||||
|
||||
2. [Are textbooks in or out? The state of open educational resources][8]: Cable Green，是 Creative Common 开放教育主任，分享高等教育中教育面貌是如何变化的， 以及 Creative Common 正在采取哪些措施来促进教育。
|
||||
|
||||
3. [School systems desperate for standards-aligned curricula find hope][9]: Karen Vaites，是 Open Up Resources 社区的福音传教士和首席营销官， 谈论非营利组织努力为 K-12 学校提供开放的， 标准一致的课程。
|
||||
|
||||
4. [How the University of Hawaii is solving today's higher ed problems][10]: Billy Meinke ， Hawaii 大学 Manoa 分校的教育技术专家，他说， 在大学课程中过渡到 ORE 将 “使教师能够控制他们教授的内容， 我们预计这将为他们节省学生的费用。”
|
||||
|
||||
5. [How open courses are slashing the cost of higher education][11]: Saylor Academy 的教育主任 Devon Ritter 报告了 Saylor 是如何建立以公开许可内容为基础的大学学分课程， 目的是使更多的人能够负担得起和获得高等教育。
|
||||
|
||||
6. [Open educational resources movement gains speed][12]: Alexis Clifton，State University of New York 的 OER 服务的执行主任， 描述了纽约800万美元的投资如何刺激开放教育的增长， 并使大学更实惠。
|
||||
|
||||
7. [Open project collaboration from elementary to university classrooms][13]: Aria F. Chernik 在Duke University 探索 OSPRI (Open Source Pedagogy Research and Innovation，开源教育学的研究与创新)， 在 Duke 和 Red Hat 的联合合作这是建立一个21世纪的， preK-12 学习生态系统， 是开放的设计。
|
||||
|
||||
8. [Perma.cc stops scholarly link rot][14]: Virginia Tech 的 Phillip Young 写关于 Perma.cc， “link rot”(链接失效) 的解决方案 很大可能在学术论文中的超链接随着时间的推移而消失或变化。
|
||||
|
||||
9. [Open education: How students save money by creating open textbooks][15]: OER 先驱 Robin DeRosa 谈到 “公开许可教科书引入的自由， 以及教育和学习应结合包容性生态系统， 以增强公益的总体理念”。
|
||||
|
||||
### 课堂上的开源工具
|
||||
|
||||
1. [How an open source board game is saving the planet][16]: Joshua Pearce 写的关于拯救地球的一个棋盘游戏， 使学生能够解决环境问题， 同时有乐趣， 并为制造商社区作出贡献。
|
||||
|
||||
2. [A new Android app for teaching kids how to read][17]: Michael Hall 谈到他的儿子 Phoenicia，他在儿子被诊断为自闭症后开发的儿童识字应用， 为了产生更好的编码价值， 以及为什么用户测试比你想象的更重要。
|
||||
|
||||
3. [8 open source Android apps for education][18]: Joshua Allen Holm 通过推荐 F-Droid 存储库中的8个开源应用来尝试， 这将挑战我们将智能手机用作学习工具。
|
||||
|
||||
4. [3 open source alternatives to MATLAB][19]: Jason Baker's 更新了他2016年的开源数学计算软件调查， 提出了 MATLAB 的替代方案， 这是数学、物理科学、工程和经济学中几乎无处不在的昂贵的专用解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
5. [What does SVG have to do with teaching kids to code?][20] 退休工程师 Jay Nick 谈论他如何使用艺术作为一种创造性的方式， 向学生介绍编码。他在学校做志愿者， 使用可缩放矢量图形 (SVG，Scalable Vector Graphics) 教授一种结合数学和艺术原理的编码方法。
|
||||
|
||||
6. [5 myths busted: Using open source in higher education][21]: Kyle Conway， 在 Texas Tech 拥有美术博士学位分享他在单一解决方案统治的世界中使用开源工具的经验。 Kyle 说有一种偏见， 反对在计算机科学以外的学科中使用开源：“很多人认为非技术专业的学生不能使用 Linux， 他们对在高级学位课程中使用 Linux 的人做出了很多假设。...嗯， 这是有可能的， 我就是证明。”
|
||||
|
||||
7. [A list of open source tools for college][22]: Aaron Cocker 概述了他在攻读计算机科学本科学位时使用的开源工具 (包括演示、备份和编程软件)。
|
||||
|
||||
8. [5 great KDE apps to help you study][23]: Zsolt Szakács 提供五个 KDE 应用程序， 帮助任何想要学习新技能或培养现有技能的人。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在教室编码
|
||||
|
||||
1. [How to get the next generation coding early][24]: Bryson Payne 说我们需要教孩子们在高中前编码: 到了九年级， 80% 的女孩和60% 的男孩已经从 STEM 职业中自选。但他建议， 这不仅仅是就业和缩小 IT 技能差距的问题。“教一个年轻人编写代码可能是你能给他们的最改变生活的技能。而且这不仅仅是一个职业提升者。编码是关于解决问题， 它是关于创造力， 更重要的是， 它是关于授权。
|
||||
|
||||
2. [Kids can't code without computers][25]: Patrick Masson 推出了 FLOSS 儿童桌面计划， 该计划教授服务不足学校的学生使用开源软件 (如 Linux、LibreOffice 和 GIMP) 重新设计较旧的计算机。该计划不仅为破旧或退役的硬件注入新的生命， 还为学生提供了重要的技能， 这些技能可能会利于转化为未来的职业。
|
||||
|
||||
3. [Is Scratch today like the Logo of the '80s for teaching kids to code?][26] Anderson Silva 提出 [Scratch][27] 的使用建议以激发孩子们对编程的兴趣， 就像 LOGO 在20世纪80年代开始使用它时一样。
|
||||
|
||||
4. [Learn Android development with this drag-and-drop framework][28]: Eric Eslinger 描述应用发明者， 一个编程框架， 用于构建 Android 应用程序使用可视块语言 (类似 Scratch 或者[Snap][29]).
|
||||
|
||||
在这一年里， 我们了解到， 教育领域的一切都有一个开放的解决方案， 我预计这一主题将在2018年及以后继续下去。在未来的一年里， 你是否希望 Opensource.com 涵盖开放式的教育主题？如果是， 请在评论中分享你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/best-open-education
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
译者：[lixinyuxx](https://github.com/lixinyuxx)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[1]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/book-review-open
|
||||
[2]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/jump-start-your-career
|
||||
[3]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/grad-school-open-source-academic-lab
|
||||
[4]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/open-school-leadership
|
||||
[5]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/empower-students-open-source-tools
|
||||
[6]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/interview-anh-bui-benetech-labs
|
||||
[7]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/Wiki-Education-Foundation
|
||||
[8]:https://opensource.com/article/17/2/future-textbooks-cable-green-creative-commons
|
||||
[9]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/open-up-resources
|
||||
[10]:https://opensource.com/article/17/2/interview-education-billy-meinke
|
||||
[11]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/college-alternatives
|
||||
[12]:https://opensource.com/article/17/10/open-educational-resources-alexis-clifton
|
||||
[13]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/education-should-be-open-design
|
||||
[14]:https://opensource.com/article/17/9/stop-link-rot-permacc
|
||||
[15]:https://opensource.com/article/17/11/creating-open-textbooks
|
||||
[16]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/save-planet-board-game
|
||||
[17]:https://opensource.com/article/17/4/phoenicia-education-software
|
||||
[18]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/8-open-source-android-apps-education
|
||||
[19]:https://opensource.com/alternatives/matlab
|
||||
[20]:https://opensource.com/article/17/5/coding-scalable-vector-graphics-make-steam
|
||||
[21]:https://opensource.com/article/17/5/how-linux-higher-education
|
||||
[22]:https://opensource.com/article/17/6/open-source-tools-university-student
|
||||
[23]:https://opensource.com/article/17/6/kde-education-software
|
||||
[24]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/teach-kid-code-change-life
|
||||
[25]:https://opensource.com/article/17/9/floss-desktops-kids
|
||||
[26]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/logo-scratch-teach-programming-kids
|
||||
[27]:https://scratch.mit.edu/
|
||||
[28]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/app-inventor-android-app-development
|
||||
[29]:http://snap.berkeley.edu/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user