diff --git a/sources/tech/20160229 dpkg commands to manage packages on Debian Based Systems.md b/sources/tech/20160229 dpkg commands to manage packages on Debian Based Systems.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6969bd8ff --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20160229 dpkg commands to manage packages on Debian Based Systems.md @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +# dpkg commands to manage packages on Debian Based Systems + +[dpkg][7] stands for Debian package manager (dpkg). dpkg is a command-line tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian packages. dpkg uses Aptitude (primary and more user-friendly) as a front-end to perform all the actions. + +Other utility such as dpkg-deb and dpkg-query uses dpkg as a front-end to perform some action. + +Now a days most of the administrator using Apt, [Apt-Get][6] & Aptitude to manage packages easily without headache and its robust management too. + +Even though still we need to use dpkg to perform some software installation where it’s necessary. Some other package manger utilities which are being used widely in Linux are [yum][5], [dnf][4], [apt-get][3], dpkg, [rpm][2], [Zypper][1], pacman, urpmi, etc., + +Now, i’m going to play on our Ubuntu 15.10 box to explain and cover mostly used dpkg commands with examples. + +#### 1) Common syntax/file location for dpkg + +See below for common syntax/ file location of dpkg which will help you if you want to check more about it. + + +``` +[General syntax for dpkg] +$ dpkg -[command] [.deb package name] + +$ dpkg -[command] [package name] + +[dpkg releated files location] +$ /var/lib/dpkg + +[This file contain modified package info by dpkg command like (install, remove, etc..,)] +$ /var/lib/dpkg/status + +[This file contain available package list] +$ /var/lib/dpkg/status + +``` + +#### 2) Install/Upgrade the package + +Use the below command to install/upgrade .deb packge on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,. Here i’m going to install Atom through atom-amd64.deb file. It will upgrade if it’s installed other wise install a fresh one. + +``` +[Install/Upgrade dpkg packages] +$ sudo dpkg -i atom-amd64.deb +Selecting previously unselected package atom. +(Reading database ... 426102 files and directories currently installed.) +Preparing to unpack atom-amd64.deb ... +Unpacking atom (1.5.3) over (1.5.3) ... +Setting up atom (1.5.3) ... +Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... +Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... +Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... +Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ... + +``` + +#### 3) Install a package from folder + +Use the below command to install the packages recursively from directory on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc,. This will install all the *.deb packages under the /opt/software directory. + +``` +$ sudo dpkg -iR /opt/software +Selecting previously unselected package atom. +(Reading database ... 423303 files and directories currently installed.) +Preparing to unpack /opt/software/atom-amd64.deb ... +Unpacking atom (1.5.3) ... +Setting up atom (1.5.3) ... +Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... +Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... +Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... +Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ... +``` + +#### 4) Print the Installed packages list + +Use the below command to List all installed packages, along with package version and description on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,. + +``` +$ dpkg -l +Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold +| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend +|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) +||/ Name Version Architecture Description ++++-===========================-==================================-============-================================================================ +ii account-plugin-aim 3.12.10-0ubuntu2 amd64 Messaging account plugin for AIM +ii account-plugin-facebook 0.12+15.10.20150723-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook +ii account-plugin-flickr 0.12+15.10.20150723-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr +ii account-plugin-google 0.12+15.10.20150723-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon +ii account-plugin-jabber 3.12.10-0ubuntu2 amd64 Messaging account plugin for Jabber/XMPP +ii account-plugin-salut 3.12.10-0ubuntu2 amd64 Messaging account plugin for Local XMPP (Salut) +. +. + +``` + +#### 5) Check particular Installed package + +Use the below command to List individual installed package, along with package version and description on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,. + + +``` +$ dpkg -l atom +Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold +| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend +|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) +||/ Name Version Architecture Description ++++-==========-=========-===================-============================================ +ii atom 1.5.3 amd64 A hackable text editor for the 21st Century. + +``` + +#### 6) Check package Installed Location + +Use the below command to Check package Installed Location on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,. + +``` +$ dpkg -L atom +/. +/usr +/usr/bin +/usr/bin/atom +/usr/share +/usr/share/lintian +/usr/share/lintian/overrides +/usr/share/lintian/overrides/atom +/usr/share/pixmaps +/usr/share/pixmaps/atom.png +/usr/share/doc + +``` + +#### 7) View deb package content + +Use the below command to View deb package content, It will show list of files on inside .deb package. + +``` +$ dpkg -c atom-amd64.deb +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./ +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/ +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/bin/ +-rwxr-xr-x root/root 3067 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/bin/atom +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/ +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/lintian/ +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/lintian/overrides/ +-rw-r--r-- root/root 299 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/lintian/overrides/atom +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/pixmaps/ +-rw-r--r-- root/root 643183 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/pixmaps/atom.png +drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/doc/ +. +. +``` + +#### 8) Display details about package + +Use the below command to Display detailed information about package, package group, version, maintainer, Architecture, display depends packages, description, etc.,. + +``` +$ dpkg -s atom +Package: atom +Status: install ok installed +Priority: optional +Section: devel +Installed-Size: 213496 +Maintainer: GitHub Architecture: amd64 +Version: 1.5.3 +Depends: git, gconf2, gconf-service, libgtk2.0-0, libudev0 | libudev1, libgcrypt11 | libgcrypt20, libnotify4, libxtst6, libnss3, python, gvfs-bin, xdg-utils, libcap2 +Recommends: lsb-release +Suggests: libgnome-keyring0, gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 +Description: A hackable text editor for the 21st Century. + Atom is a free and open source text editor that is modern, approachable, and hackable to the core. +``` + +#### 9) Find what package owns the file + +Use the below command to find out what package does file belong. + +``` +$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/atom +atom: /usr/bin/atom + +``` + +#### 10) Remove/Delete package + +Use the below command to Remove/Delete an installed package except configuration files. + + +``` +$ sudo dpkg -r atom +(Reading database ... 426404 files and directories currently installed.) +Removing atom (1.5.3) ... +Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... +Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... +Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... +Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ... + +``` + +#### 11) Purge package + +Use the below command to Remove/Delete everything including configuration files. + +``` +$ sudo dpkg -P atom +(Reading database ... 426404 files and directories currently installed.) +Removing atom (1.5.3) ... +Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... +Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... +Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... +Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ... + +``` + +#### 12) Read more about dpkg + +Use the below commands to read more about dpkg command information. + +``` +$ dpkg -help +or +$ man dpkg + +``` + +Enjoy….) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.2daygeek.com/dpkg-command-examples/ + +作者：[MAGESH MARUTHAMUTHU ][a] + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) + +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[1]:http://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples/ +[2]:http://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/ +[3]:http://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples/ +[4]:http://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples/ +[5]:http://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples/ +[6]:http://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples/ +[7]:https://wiki.debian.org/Teams/Dpkg +[8]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/