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[#]: subject: "Whereis Command in Linux and BSD with Examples"
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[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/whereis-command-linux/"
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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Whereis Command in Linux and BSD with Examples
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======
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**Here’s a beginner’s guide on understanding whereis command in Linux & BSD with several examples.**
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![][1]
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_This article is part of the [Linux command][2] learning series._
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### whereis command
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The `whereis` command is a command line program that helps you to find out the path or location of any binary executable, source file or manual page.
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Before we show you how to use `whereis` command, let’s look at the syntax.
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### Syntax
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Here’s the syntax for whereis command:
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```
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whereis [OPTIONS] FILE_NAME
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```
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The argument of whereis command is the program name or file name you want to search. The argument is mandatory.
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By default, it searches for the program in the path defined in environment variables such as HOME, USER, SHELL, etc.
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Let’s take a look at some examples.
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### Examples of whereis command in Linux and BSD
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A simple example of whereis command is below where I am trying to search firefox. In the output below, you can see the list of paths containing firefox files or executables displayed.
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```
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$ whereis firefox
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firefox: /usr/bin/firefox /usr/lib64/firefox /etc/firefox /usr/share/man/man1/firefox.1.gz
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```
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![Simple example of whereis command in Linux][3]
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The command with option -l displays the list of paths where it searches. For example:
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```
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$ whereis -l
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bin: /usr/bin
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bin: /usr/sbin
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bin: /usr/lib
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bin: /usr/lib64
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bin: /etc
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bin: /usr/games
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bin: /usr/local/bin
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bin: /usr/local/sbin
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bin: /usr/local/etc
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bin: /usr/local/lib
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bin: /usr/local/games
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```
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If the whereis command doesn’t find anything, it only shows the argument’s name. For example, if I search nano in Linux where is it not installed, it outputs the following:
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```
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$ whereis nano
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```
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```
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nano:
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```
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You can always add multiple arguments if you want to search for more. For example below command searches for both bash and nano, and this is the output:
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```
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$ whereis bash nano
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bash: /usr/bin/bash /usr/share/man/man1/bash.1.gz /usr/share/info/bash.info.gz
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nano: /usr/bin/nano /usr/share/nano /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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```
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You can also search for specific file types, such as binaries, using -b option. The following command only tells you the binary paths of nano.
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```
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$ whereis -b nano
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nano: /usr/bin/nano /usr/share/nano
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```
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Similarly, the -s option searches for source files, and the -m option searches for manual pages.
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```
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$ whereis -m nano
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nano: /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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```
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You can also combine the above options for a more extensive search. For example, the following command searches for nano and firefox binary, manual pages and for bash, only manual pages.
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```
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$ whereis -bm nano firefox -m bash
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nano: /usr/bin/nano /usr/share/nano /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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firefox-m:
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bash: /usr/bin/bash /usr/share/man/man1/bash.1.gz /usr/share/info/bash.info.gz
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```
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Here’s a summary of the options:
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| Option | Description |
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| :- | :- |
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| **-b** | Search only for binaries. |
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| **-m** | Search only for manual sections. |
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| **-s** | Search only for sources. |
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| **-u** | Search for unusual entries. A file is said to be unusual if it does not have one entry of each requested type. Thus ‘whereis -m -u *’ asks for those files in the current directory which have no documentation. |
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| **-B** | Change or otherwise limit the places where whereis searches for binaries. |
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| **-M** | Change or otherwise limit the places where whereis searches for manual sections. |
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| **-S** | Change or otherwise limit the places where whereis searches for sources. |
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| **-f** | Terminate the last directory list and signals the start of file names, and must be used when any of the -B, -M, or -S options are used. |
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### Closing Notes
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I hope this article helps you to understand whereis command and its basics. You can also read the[whereis man pages][4] to learn more. Let me know if you have any questions.
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**This article is part of the [Linux command][2] learning series**.
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[_Using Mastodon? Follow us at floss.social/@debugpoint_][5]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.debugpoint.com/whereis-command-linux/
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/whereis-head.jpg
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/linux-commands
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[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Simple-example-of-whereis-command-in-Linux.jpg
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[4]: https://linux.die.net/man/1/whereis
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[5]: https://floss.social/@debugpoint
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@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
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[#]: subject: "Whereis Command in Linux and BSD with Examples"
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[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/whereis-command-linux/"
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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Linux 和 BSD 中的 Whereis 命令及示例
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======
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**这是一份关于如何理解 Linux 和 BSD 中 whereis 命令的初学者指南，其中有几个例子。**
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![][1]
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_这篇文章是 [Linux 命令][2]学习系列的一部分。_
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### whereis 命令
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`whereis` 命令是一个命令行程序，可以帮助你找出任何二进制可执行文件、源文件或手册页的路径或位置。
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在告诉你如何使用 `whereis` 命令之前，让我们先看看其语法。
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### 语法
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以下是 whereis 命令的语法：
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```
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whereis [OPTIONS] FILE_NAME
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```
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whereis 命令的参数是你要搜索的程序名或文件名。该参数是强制性的。
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默认情况下，它在环境变量（如 HOME、USER、SHELL 等）中定义的路径中搜索程序。
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让我们看下一些例子。
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### Linux 和 BSD 中 whereis 命令的例子
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下面是 whereis 命令的一个简单例子，我试图搜索 firefox。在下面的输出中，你可以看到包含 firefox 文件或可执行文件的路径列表。
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```
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$ whereis firefox
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firefox: /usr/bin/firefox /usr/lib64/firefox /etc/firefox /usr/share/man/man1/firefox.1.gz
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```
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![Linux 中 whereis 命令的简单例子][3]
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带有选项 -l 的命令会显示其搜索的路径列表。比如:
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```
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$ whereis -l
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bin: /usr/bin
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bin: /usr/sbin
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bin: /usr/lib
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bin: /usr/lib64
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bin: /etc
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bin: /usr/games
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bin: /usr/local/bin
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bin: /usr/local/sbin
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bin: /usr/local/etc
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bin: /usr/local/lib
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bin: /usr/local/games
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```
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如果 whereis 命令没有找到任何东西，它只显示参数的名称。例如，如果我在 Linux 中搜索 nano，它没有安装，它的输出如下：
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```
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$ whereis nano
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```
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```
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nano:
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```
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如果你想搜索更多的参数，你可以随时添加多个参数。例如，下面的命令同时搜索 bash 和 nano，输出结果是这样的：
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```
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$ whereis bash nano
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bash: /usr/bin/bash /usr/share/man/man1/bash.1.gz /usr/share/info/bash.info.gz
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nano: /usr/bin/nano /usr/share/nano /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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```
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你也可以使用 -b 选项搜索特定的文件类型，比如二进制文件。下面的命令只告诉你 nano 的二进制路径。
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```
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$ whereis -b nano
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nano: /usr/bin/nano /usr/share/nano
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```
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同样，-s 选项可以搜索源文件，而 -m 选项可以搜索手册页。
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```
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$ whereis -m nano
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nano: /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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```
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你也可以结合上面的选项来进行更广泛的搜索。例如，下面的命令可以搜索 nano 和 firefox 的二进制、手册页，而对于 bash，只搜索手册页。
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```
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$ whereis -bm nano firefox -m bash
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nano: /usr/bin/nano /usr/share/nano /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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firefox-m:
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bash: /usr/bin/bash /usr/share/man/man1/bash.1.gz /usr/share/info/bash.info.gz
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```
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下面是选项的摘要：
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| 选项 | 描述 |
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| :- | :- |
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| **-b** | 只搜索二进制文件。|
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| **-m** | 只搜索手册部分。|
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| **-s** | 只搜索源码。|
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| **-u** | 搜索不寻常的条目。如果一个文件没有所要求的每种类型的条目，就被称为不寻常。因此，“whereis -m -u *” 会查询当前目录中没有文档的那些文件。|
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| **-B** | 改变或限制 whereis 搜索二进制文件的地方。|
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| **-M** | 更改或限制 whereis 搜索手册的位置。|
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| **-S** | 更改或以其他方式限制 whereis 搜索源码的位置。|
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| **-f** | 终止最后一个目录列表并指示文件名的开始，并且必须在使用任何 -B、-M 或 -S 选项时使用。|
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### 结束语
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我希望这篇文章能够帮助你理解 whereis 命令及其基本原理。你也可以阅读 [whereis 手册页][4]来了解更多。如果你有任何问题，请告诉我。
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**本文是 [Linux 命令][2]学习系列的一部分**。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.debugpoint.com/whereis-command-linux/
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/whereis-head.jpg
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/linux-commands
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[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Simple-example-of-whereis-command-in-Linux.jpg
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[4]: https://linux.die.net/man/1/whereis
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