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[Translated] How to Install Nextcloud with Nginx and PHP7-FPM on CentOS 7
如何在 CentOS 7 中使用 Nginx 和 PHP7-fpm 来安装Nextcloud
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GHLandy Translating
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如何在 CentOS 7 中使用 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 安装 Nextcloud
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==========================
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How to Install Nextcloud with Nginx and PHP7-FPM on CentOS 7
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============================================================
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### 导航
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### On this page
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1. [步骤 1 - 在 CentOS 7 中安装 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM][1]
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2. [步骤 2 - 配置 PHP7-FPM][2]
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3. [步骤 3 - 安装和配置 MariaDB][3]
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4. [步骤 4 - 为 Nextcloud 生成一个自签名 SSL 证书][4]
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5. [步骤 5 - 下载和安装 Nextcloud][5]
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6. [步骤 6 - 在 Nginx 中为 Nextcloud 配置虚拟主机][6]
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7. [步骤 7 - 为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux 和 FirewallD 规则][7]
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8. [步骤 8 - Nextcloud 安装][8]
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9. [参考链接][9]
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1. [Step 1 - Install Nginx and PHP7-FPM on CentOS 7][1]
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2. [Step 2 - Configure PHP7-FPM][2]
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3. [Step 3 - Install and Configure MariaDB][3]
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4. [Step 4 - Generate a Self-signed SSL Certificate for Nextcloud][4]
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5. [Step 5 - Download and Install Nextcloud][5]
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6. [Step 6 - Configure Nextcloud Virtual Host in Nginx][6]
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7. [Step 7 - Configure SELinux and FirewallD for Nextcloud][7]
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8. [Step 8 - Nextcloud Installation Wizard][8]
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9. [Reference][9]
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Nextcloud 是一款自由 (开源) 的类 Dropbox 软件，由 ownCloud 分支演化形成。它使用 PHP 和 JavaScript 编写，支持多种数据库系统，比如 MySQL/MariaDB、PostgreSQL、Oracle 数据库和 SQLite。为了让你的桌面系统和云服务器中的文件能够保持同步，Nextcloud 为 Windows、Linux、Mac、安卓以及苹果手机都提供了客户端支持。Nextcloud 并非只是 Dropbox 的克隆，他还提供了很多附加特性，如日历、联系人、计划任务以及流媒体 Ampache。
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Nextcloud is a free (Open Source) Dropbox-like software, a fork of the ownCloud project. Nextcloud is written in PHP and JavaScript, it supports many database systems such as, MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database and SQLite. In order to keep your files synchronized between Desktop and your own server, Nextcloud provides applications for Windows, Linux and Mac desktops and a mobile app for android and iOS. Nextcloud is not just a dropbox clone, it provides additional features like Calendar, Contacts, Schedule tasks, and streaming media with Ampache.
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在这片文章中，我将向你展示如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 10。我会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud，同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。
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In this tutorial, I will show you how to install and configure the latest Nextcloud 10 release on a CentOS 7 server. I will run Nextcloud with a Nginx web server and PHP7-FPM and use MariaDB as the database system.
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**先决条件**
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**Prerequisite**
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* 64 位的 CentOS 7
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* 服务器的 Root 权限
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* CentOS 7 64bit
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* Root privileges on the server
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### 步骤 1 - 在 CentOS 7 中安装 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM
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### Step 1 - Install Nginx and PHP7-FPM on CentOS 7
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Before we start with the Nginx and php7-fpm installation, we have to add the EPEL package repository. Install it with this yum command.
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在开始安装 Nginx 和 php7-fpm 之前，我们还学要先添加 EPEL 包的仓库源。使用如下命令：
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```
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yum -y install epel-release
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```
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Now install Nginx from the EPEL repository.
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现在开始从 EPEL 仓库来安装 Nginx：
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```
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yum -y install nginx
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```
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Then we have to add another repository for php7-fpm. There are several repositories available on the net that provide PHP 7 packages, I will use webtatic here.
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然后我们还需要为 php7-fpm 添加另外一个仓库。互联网中有很个远程仓库提供了 PHP 7 系列包，我在这里使用的是 webtatic。
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Add the PHP7-FPM webtatic repository:
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添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库：
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```
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rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
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```
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Next, install PHP7-FPM and some additional packages for the Nextcloud installation.
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然后就是安装 PHP7-FPM 以及 Nextcloud 需要的一些包。
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```
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yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
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```
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Finally, check the PHP version from server terminal to verify that PHP installed correctly.
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最后，从服务器终端里查看 PHP 的版本号，以便验证 PHP 是否正确安装。
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```
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php -v
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```
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[
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][10]
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[][10]
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### Step 2 - Configure PHP7-FPM
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### 步骤 2 - Configure PHP7-FPM
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In this step, we will configure php-fpm to run with Nginx. Php7-fpm will run under user nginx and listen on port 9000.
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在这一个步骤中，我们将配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。Php7-fpm 将使用 nginx 用户来运行，并监听 9000 端口。
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Edit the default php7-fpm configuration file with vim.
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使用 vim 编辑 默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。
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```
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vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
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```
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In line 8 and 10, change user and group to '**nginx**'.
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在第 8 行和第 10行，user 和 group 赋值为 '**nginx**'.
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```
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user = nginx
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group = nginx
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```
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In line 22, make sure php-fpm is running under server port.
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在第 22 行，确保 php-fpm 运行在指定端口。
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```
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listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
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```
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Uncomment line 366-370 to activate the php-fpm system environment variables.
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去注释第 366-370 行，启用 php-fpm 的系统环境变量。
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```
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env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
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env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
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env[TMP] = /tmp
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env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
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env[TEMP] = /tmp
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```
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Save the file and exit the vim editor.
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保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器。
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Next, create a new directory for the session path in the '/var/lib/' directory, and change the owner to the 'nginx' user.
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下一步，就是在 '/var/lib/' 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 session，并将其拥有者变更为 'nginx' 用户。
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```
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mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
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chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
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```
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Now start php-fpm and Nginx, then enable the services to start at boot time.
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然后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx，并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。
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```
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sudo systemctl start php-fpm
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sudo systemctl start nginx
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sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
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sudo systemctl enable nginx
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```
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[
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][11]
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[][11]
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PHP7-FPM configuration is done.
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PHP7-FPM 配置完成
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### Step 3 - Install and Configure MariaDB
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### 步骤 3 - 安装和配置 MariaDB
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I will use MariaDB for the Nextcloud database. Install the mariadb-server package from the CentOS repository with yum.
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我这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 yum 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 mariadb-server 包。
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```
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yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
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```
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Start the MariaDB service and add it to run at boot time.
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启动 MariaDB，并将其添加到随系统启动的服务中去。
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```
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systemctl start mariadb
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systemctl enable mariadb
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```
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Now configure the MariaDB root password.
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现在开始配置 MariaDB 的 root 用户密码。
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```
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mysql_secure_installation
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```
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Type in your root password when requested.
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键入 'Y' ，然后设置MariaDB 的 root 密码。
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```
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Set root password? [Y/n] Y
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New password:
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Re-enter new password:
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@ -123,79 +146,99 @@ Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
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Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
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Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
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Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
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```
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The MariaDB root password has been set, now we can login to the mysql shell to create a new database and a new user for Nextcloud. I will create a new database named '**nextcloud_db**' and a user '**nextclouduser**' with password '**nextclouduser@**'. Choose a secure password for your installation!
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这样就设置好了密码，现在登录到 mysql shell 并为 Nextcloud 创建一个新的数据库和用户。这里我创建名为 '**nextcloud_db**' 的数据库以及名为 '**nextclouduser**' 的用户，用户密码为 '**nextclouduser@**'。当然了，在创建的时候你要需用一个更安全的密码。
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```
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mysql -u root -p
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Type Password
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```
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Type in the mysql query below to create a new database and a new user.
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输入密码即可登录 mysql shell。
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输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。
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```
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create database nextcloud_db;
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create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
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grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
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flush privileges;
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```
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[
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][12]
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[][12]
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The nextcloud_db database with user 'nextclouduser' has been created.
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nextcloud_db 数据库和 'nextclouduser' 用户创建完成
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### Step 4 - Generate a Self-signed SSL Certificate for Nextcloud
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### 步骤 4 - 为 Nextcloud 生成一个自签名 SSL 证书
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In this tutorial, I will run nextcloud with a https connection for the client. You can use free SSL such as let's encrypt or create <g class="gr_ gr_207 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="207" data-gr-id="207">self signed</g> SSL certificate. I will create my own self-signed SSL certificate file with the OpenSSL command.
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在教程中，我会让客户端以 https 连接来运行 Nextcloud。你可以使用诸如 let's encrypt 等免费 SSL 证书，或者是自己创建 <g class="gr_ gr_207 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="207" data-gr-id="207">自签名 (self signed)</g> SSL 证书。这里我使用 OpenSSL 来创建自己的自签名 SSL 证书。
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Create a new directory for the SSL file.
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为 SSL 文件创建新目录：
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```
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mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/
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```
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And generate a new SSL certificate file with the the openssl command below.
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如下，使用 openssl 生成一个新的 SSL 证书。
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```
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openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
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```
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Finally, change the permission of all certificate files to 600 with chmod.
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最后使用 'chmod' 命令将所有证书文件的权限设置为 '600'。
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```
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chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
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chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
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```
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[
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][13]
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[][13]
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### Step 5 - Download and Install Nextcloud
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### 步骤 5 - 下载和安装 Nextcloud
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We will download Nextcloud with wget directly to the server, so we have to install wget first. Additionally, we need the unzip program. Install both applications with yum.
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我直接使用 wget 命令下载 Nextcloud 到服务器上，因此需要先行安装 wget。此外，还需要安装 unzip 来进行解压。使用 'yum' 命令来安装这两个程序。
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```
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yum -y install wget unzip
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```
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Go to the /tmp directory and download latest stable Nextcloud 10 version from the Nextcloud web site with wget.
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先进入 /tmp 目录，然后使用 wget 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 10。
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```
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cd /tmp
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wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-10.0.2.zip
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```
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Extract the nextcloud zip file and move it's content to the '/usr/share/nginx/html/' directory.
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解压 Nextcloud，并将其移动到 '/usr/share/nginx/html/' 目录。
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```
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unzip nextcloud-10.0.2.zip
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mv nextcloud/ /usr/share/nginx/html/
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```
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Next, go to the Nginx web root directory and create a new 'data' directory for Nextcloud.
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下一步，转到 Nginx web 根目录为 Nextcloud 创建一个 'data' 文件夹。
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```
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cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
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mkdir -p nextcloud/data/
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```
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Change the owner of the 'nextcloud' directory to the 'nginx' user and group.
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变更 'nextcloud' 目录的拥有者为 'nginx' 用户和组。
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```
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chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
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```
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### Step 6 - Configure Nextcloud Virtual Host in Nginx
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### 步骤 6 - 在 Nginx 中为 Nextcloud 配置虚拟主机
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In step 5 we've downloaded the Nextcloud source code and configured it to run under the Nginx web server. But we still need to configure a virtual host for Nextcloud. Create a new virtual host configuration file 'nextcloud.conf' in the Nginx 'conf.d' directory.
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在步骤 5 我们已经下载好了 Nextcloud 源码，并配置好了让它运行于 Nginx 服务器中，但我们还需要为它配置一个虚拟主机。在 Nginx 的 'conf.d' 目录下创建一个新的虚拟主机配置文件 'nextcloud.conf'。
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```
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cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
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vim nextcloud.conf
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```
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Paste the Nextcloud virtual host configuration below.
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将以下内容粘贴到虚拟主机配置文件中：
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```
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upstream php-handler {
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@ -324,27 +367,30 @@ server {
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}
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```
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Save the file and exit vim.
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保存文件并退出 vim。
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Now test the Nginx configuration to ensure that there are no error,s- Then restart the service.
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下载测试以下该 Nginx 配置文件是否有错误，没有的话就可以重启服务了。
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```
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nginx -t
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systemctl restart nginx
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```
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[
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][14]
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[][14]
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### Step 7 - Configure SELinux and FirewallD for Nextcloud
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### 步骤 7 - 为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux 和 FirewallD 规则
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In this tutorial, we will leave SELinux on in enforcing mode, so we need a new package SELinux management tools to configure SELinux for Nextcloud.
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本教程中，我们将以强制模式运行 SELinux，因此需要一个 SELinux 管理工具来为 Nextcloud 配置 SELinux。
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Install the SELinux management tools with this command.
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使用以下命令安装 SELinux 管理工具。
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```
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yum -y install policycoreutils-python
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```
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Then execute the commands below as root user to allow Nextcloud to run under SELinux. Remember to change the Nextcloud directory in case you use a different directory.
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然后以 root 用户来运行一下命令，以便让 Nextcloud 运行于 SELinux 环境之下。如果你是用的其他名称的目录，记得将 'nextcloud' 替换掉哦。
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```
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'
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@ -353,62 +399,67 @@ semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/
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semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'
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restorecon -Rv '/usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/'
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```
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Next, we will enable the firewalld service and open the HTTP and HTTPS ports for Nextcloud.
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接下来，我们要启用 firewalld 服务，同时为 Nextcloud 开启 http 和 https 端口。
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Start firewalld and enable it to start at boot time.
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启动 firewalld 并设置随系统启动。
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```
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systemctl start firewalld
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systemctl enable firewalld
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```
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Now open the HTTP and HTTPS ports with the firewall-cmd command, then reload the firewall.
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现在使用 firewall-cmd 命令来开启command http 和 https 端口，然后重新加载 firewall。
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```
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firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
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firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
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firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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[
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][15]
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[][15]
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All the server configuration is done.
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至此，服务器配置完成
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|
||||
### Step 8 - Nextcloud Installation Wizard
|
||||
### 步骤 8 - Nextcloud 安装
|
||||
|
||||
Open your web browser and type in your Nextcloud domain name, mine is: cloud.nextcloud.co. You will be redirected to the secure https connection.
|
||||
打开你的 Web 浏览器，输入你为 Nextcloud 设置的域名，我这里设置为 cloud.nextcloud.co，然后会重定向到安全性更好的 https 连接。
|
||||
|
||||
Type in your desired admin user name and password, and then type in your database credentials. Click '**Finish Setup**'.
|
||||
设置你的管理员用户名和密码，然后输入数据验证信息，点击 '**完成安装 (Finish Setup)**'。
|
||||
|
||||
[
|
||||
|
||||
][16]
|
||||
[][16]
|
||||
|
||||
The Nextcloud Admin Dashboard (File Manager) appears.
|
||||
Nextcloud 管理面板 (文件挂了) 大致如下：
|
||||
|
||||
[
|
||||
|
||||
][17]
|
||||
[][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Nextcloud User Settings.
|
||||
Nextcloud 用户设置：
|
||||
|
||||
[
|
||||
|
||||
][18]
|
||||
[][18]
|
||||
|
||||
Admin Settings.
|
||||
管理设置
|
||||
|
||||
[
|
||||
|
||||
][19]
|
||||
[][19]
|
||||
|
||||
Nextcloud has been installed with Nginx, PHP7-FPM, and MariaDB on a CentOS 7 Server.
|
||||
至此，我们在 CentOS 7 服务器上通过使用 Nginx、PHP7-FPM、MariaDB 完成了 Nextcloud 的安装。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
### 参考链接
|
||||
|
||||
- [https://docs.nextcloud.com/](https://docs.nextcloud.com/)
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
译者简介：
|
||||
|
||||
[GHLandy](http://GHLandy.com) —— 划不完粉腮柳眉泣别离。
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-nextcloud-with-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-centos-7/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Muhammad Arul][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user