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Canonical and ASUS Have Formed a Partnership in USA
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================================================================================
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**Canonical and ASUS have formed a partnership that would enable the hardware vendor to equip a couple of its laptops with the Ubuntu operating system.**
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ASUS is now providing the X201E and 1015E laptops with Ubuntu preinstalled in an effort to penetrate the education market.
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“As Ubuntu, and all the software bundled on it is free, there’s no licence fees in the purchase price which significantly reduces cost. This is perfect for students and institutions, both of whose finances can be hard pressed.”
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“Productivity applications are taken care of by LibreOffice. Familiar feeling, they offer all the functionality students and staff need and are fully compatible with existing files from the leading proprietary alternative. There are also bundled free applications for email and web browsing,” reads the official [announcement][1] on Ubuntu’s website.
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The two laptops are not exactly powerhouses and are aimed at productivity, and maybe multimedia content. The ASUS 1015E laptop features a Intel Celeron 847 1.1 GHz processor, 2 GB DDR3 Memory, a 320 GB 5400 rpm Hard Drive, and a 10.1-Inch screen.
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The other model, which is currently out of stock, ASUS X201E, is a little bit more powerful, but not by much: Intel Celeron 847 (1.1GHz) Sandy Bridge processor, 4 GB DDR3, 320 GB 5400 rpm Hard Drive, an 11.6-Inch screen, and Intel GMA HD graphics solution.
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“Beyond the basics thousands of other free, open-source applications are available to meet more specific needs from image processing and 3D animation to anti-virus or accounting.”
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“We know that effective personal computing is vital to students and Institutions, so it’s exciting for us to work with our partners to bring these low-cost, high-performance packages into the education sector,” is also stated in the announcement.
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Canonical announcement sends to a couple of Amazon pages, but if you’re interested in these products than you should know that they are available in a number of other stores.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Canonical-and-ASUS-Have-Formed-a-Partnership-in-USA-404483.shtml
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://insights.ubuntu.com/resources/article/asus-and-ubuntu-deliver-affordable-world-class-laptops-to-usa-education/
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Senior researchers analyzed LibreOffice with interesting conclusions
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================================================================================
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Users, editors, state departments, teams and city administrations are enjoying [LibreOffice][1], free open-source office suite proving itself a clear success across the globe with more and more adoptions, more and more positive feedback.
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While the users perceive LibreOffice as no-compromise and powerful, it seems that serious researchers have also found and described LibreOffice as a true success, as in the case of the "**Sustainability of Open Source software communities beyond a fork: How and why has the LibreOffice project evolved?**" document, too.
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Essentially, "Sustainability of Open Source software communities beyond a fork: How and why has the LibreOffice project evolved?" is a research document [focused][2] on LibreOffice and its components, ranging from status to public perception, future capabilities, ability to attract supporters and contributors.
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The conclusions of the mentioned document, while natural, talk about LibreOffice as a success on all fronts, conclusions such as:
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- "The LibreOffice project, which was forked from the OpenOffice.org project, shows no sign of
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- long-term decline"
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- "LibreOffice has attracted the long-term and most active committers in OpenOffice.org"
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- "Open Source communities can outlive Open Source software projects"
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- "LibreOffice is perceived by its community as supportive, diversified, and independent"
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![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/libreoffice%20reasearch%20highlights.png)
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The serious 60-pages-long document (available for download on [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121213002744/pdfft...][3]) presents LibreOffice as detailed, being an in-depth accurate analysis of the robust office suite, document written by senior researchers from the University of Skövde’s Informatics Research Centre.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://iloveubuntu.net/senior-researchers-analyzed-libreoffice-interesting-conclusions
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[1]:http://www.libreoffice.org/
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[2]:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121213002744
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[3]:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121213002744/pdfft?md5=4b986a117fb06cc127b854cb5f622bec&pid=1-s2.0-S0164121213002744-main.pdf
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sources/Setup FTP Server On openSUSE 13.1.md
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sources/Setup FTP Server On openSUSE 13.1.md
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Setup FTP Server On openSUSE 13.1
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================================================================================
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**vsftpd** (**V**ery **S**ecure **F**ile **T**ransport **P**rotocol **D**aemon) is a secure, fast FTP server for Unix/Linux systems. In this how-to article, let us see how to setup a basic FTP server using vsftpd on openSUSE 13.1.
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### Install vsftpd ###
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Login as root user and Enter the following the following command.
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# zypper in vsftpd
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Start vsftpd service and make it to start automatically on every reboot.
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# systemctl enable vsftpd.service
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# systemctl start vsftpd.service
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### Configure vsftpd ###
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Create a folder for ftp users.
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# mkdir /srv/ftp
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Create a group called **ftp-users**.
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# groupadd ftp-users
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Let us create a sample user called unixmen with home directory **/srv/ftp** and group **ftp-users**.
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# useradd -g ftp-users -d /srv/ftp/ unixmen
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Set password for the new user.
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# passwd unixmen
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Make the ftp home directory **/srv/ftp/** accessible by ftp users.
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# chmod 750 /srv/ftp/
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# chown unixmen:ftp-users /srv/ftp/
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Edit file vsftpd.conf,
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# nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
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Make the changes as shown below.
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[...]
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#Uncomment and Set YES to enable write.
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write_enable=YES
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[...]
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# Uncomment and Set banner name for your website
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ftpd_banner=Welcome to Unixmen FTP service.
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[...]
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# Uncomment
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ls_recurse_enable=YES
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[...]
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# Uncomment and set YES to allow local users to log in.
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local_enable=YES
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[...]
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# To disable anonymous access, set NO.
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anonymous_enable=NO
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[...]
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# Uncomment to enable ascii download and upload.
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ascii_upload_enable=YES
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ascii_download_enable=YES
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[...]
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## Add at the end of this file ##
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use_localtime=YES
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Save and exit file.
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### Test FTP Server Locally ###
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First let us try to login to our FTP server as shown below.
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# ftp localhost
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Trying ::1:21 ...
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Connected to localhost.
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220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
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Name (localhost:root): unixmen
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331 Please specify the password.
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Password:
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230 Login successful.
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Remote system type is UNIX.
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Using binary mode to transfer files.
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ftp>
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As you in the above output, we will be able to login to ftp server using unixmen user.
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### Test FTP Server Remotely ###
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By default openSUSE built-in firewall won’t allow to login to FTP from remote systems. So let us allow vsftpd service through suse firewall. To do that go to **Yast -> Security and Users -> Firewall**.
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![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/openSUSE-12.3-Running-Oracle-VM-VirtualBox_001.jpg)
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In the Firewall section, go to **Allowed Services**. In the zone selection drop down box, select **External Zone** and in Service to Allow drop-down box, select **vsftpd server** and click add.
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![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/openSUSE-12.3-Running-Oracle-VM-VirtualBox_004.jpg)
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Click Next and close Yast Control center.
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Now try to connect from a remote system.
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I tried to login to FTP server from my ubuntu desktop.
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sk@sk:~$ ftp 192.168.1.53
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Connected to 192.168.1.53.
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220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
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Name (192.168.1.53:sk): unixmen
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331 Please specify the password.
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Password:
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230 Login successful.
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Remote system type is UNIX.
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Using binary mode to transfer files.
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ftp>
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As you see in the above output, I will be able to connect to FTP server. If you doesn’t allow the vsftpd service through firewall you will get a Connection timed out error.
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### Connect from Browser ###
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Open up your browser and Navigate to **ftp://ip-address/**. Enter the ftp user name and password.
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![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Index-of-ftp-192.168.1.53-Mozilla-Firefox_005.jpg)
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### Connect to FTP server using FileZilla ###
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Working from command-line mode might be little bit annoying to newbies. So let us install a graphical FTP client called [**Filezilla**][1] to get things done quite easier:
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Mostly all distribution will have filezilla client in their official repository. To install filezilla on Linux based systems enter the following command:
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On Ubuntu based systems:
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$ sudo apt-get install filezilla
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On Fedora/Redhat systems:
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$ sudo yum install filezilla
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On openSUSE:
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# zypper in filezilla
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After installing filezilla open it. Enter the ftp server IP address, user name and password and click quickconnect.
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![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/unixmen@192.168.1.53-FileZilla_006.jpg)
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For added security, you can restrict FTP access to certain users by adding them to **/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list** file.
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Edit vsftpd.conf file,
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nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
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Make the changes as shown below.
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[...]
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# Uncomment and set YES
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chroot_local_user=YES
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chroot_list_enable=YES
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chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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[...]
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Create **file /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list**,
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nano /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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Add the users that you want to give access to FTP server. I added the user **unixmen**.
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unixmen
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Restart ftp service.
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# systemctl restart vsftpd.service
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Now you will be able to connect to FTP server with users who are listed in the chroot list file.
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If users other than in the chroot list want to access FTP server, they will get the following error.
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500 OOPS: could not read chroot() list file:/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
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ftp: Login failed
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That’s it for now. Your FTP server is ready to use. Enjoy!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-ftp-server-opensuse-13-1/
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|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://filezilla-project.org/
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SuperTuxKart 0.8.1 Release Candidate Revved Up And Ready for Testing
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================================================================================
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**Hands up if you don’t like open-source racing game SuperTuxKart? You, folks, are strange.**
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As kart-racers go, it’s one of the most popular freely available. And for good reason: it’s fun, easy to play and has a dedicated team of developers who are continually adding to and improving what is already a really polished game.
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But it’s getting even better. The first release candidate of build 0.8.1 – the first update since last year’s 0.8 build – [has been made available for testing][1] (for ‘testing’ see ‘excuse to play it for hours and not feel guilty’).
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SuperTuxKart 0.8.1 adds a number of improvements, including:
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- A new Star Trek themed track “STK Enterprise”
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- Three tracks updated (‘Old Mines’, ‘Lighthouse’ & ‘Zen Garden’)
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- New ‘Egg Hunt’ and ‘Soccer’ modes
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- New and updated karts
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- New difficulty level
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- Bubblegum shield weapon
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- Option to save and resume Grand Prix mode
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- [WiiMote Support][2]
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### Geting SuperTuxKart 0.8.1 ###
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No release date has been given on when to expect the final, stable release of 0.8.1 but I’d expect it to land sometime in December – marking one year from the previous release in the 0.8.x series.
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In the meantime, if you’re okay with “Release Candidate”-quality software, you’ll find a pre-compiled binary for Linux over on the project’s Sourceforge Page.
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- [Download SuperTuxKart 0.8.1 Release Candidate][3]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/supertux-kart-0-8-1-release-candidate
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|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://supertuxkart.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/supertuxkart-081-rc1.html
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[2]:http://supertuxkart.net/Wiimote
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[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/supertuxkart/files/SuperTuxKart/0.8.1-rc1/
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UNIGINE Is Probably the Best Gaming Engine on Linux
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================================================================================
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**The UNIGINE, a real-time 3D engine built to run on all major platforms, including Linux, has just received another update, bringing some important new features.**
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![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/UNIGINE-Is-Probably-the-Best-Gaming-Engine-on-Linux-404484-2.jpg)
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Unigine Engine is built by non-other than Unigine Corp., the company behind the Heaven DX11 Benchmark software. The technology they develop is getting better all the time, and with their recent expansion on the Linux platform, we’re all too glad to see that major updates have been implemented in the engine.
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Amongst the biggest changes in the latest Unigine update is the Common Image Generator Interface (CIGI) protocol.
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According to the developers, this interface is a standard way for a host device to communicate with an image generator (IG) in the simulation industry.
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### Highlights of the new Unigine Engine: ###
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- Support has been added for the conversion of WGS84, ECF and NED coordinate systems into Cartesian one (this will help developers to made better use of real-world GIS data in UNIGINE-powered projects);
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- The Game Framework has been implemented, making it easier to create games with features such as automatic link between Entity and Node, automatic link between Level and World, object management for Entities, Global Game context across all Levels, events handling system, optimal updating of Entities, and more;
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- The FPS stability for the rendered has been increased;
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- Two new options, a 2D noise and 3D noise (States tab in the editor), have been added to the mesh_leaf_base material;
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- A new parameter, Occlusion mask, has been added to all of the materials;
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- Heights of clutters and grass are synchronized now;
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- A few crashes on rendering of non-Flash splash screens have been fixed.
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A complete list of new features, for all the platforms, is available in the official [announcement][1].
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Keep in mind that the UNIGINE graphics engine is only aimed at commercial enterprises and that not even a trial version is available for the general public.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
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||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/UNIGINE-Is-Probably-the-Best-Gaming-Engine-on-Linux-404484.shtml
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||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.unigine.com/devlog/2013/11/27/113
|
||||
[2]:
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||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
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[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
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||||
[10]:
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[11]:
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[12]:
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Unbelievable ! 30 Linux TOP Command Examples With Screenshots
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================================================================================
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The top command in Linux displays the running processes on the system. One of the most important tools for a system administrator. It is used extensively for monitoring the load on a server. In this article, we explore the top command in detail. The top command is an interactive command. Many commands are available when top is running. We will explore these commands as well.
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|
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### 1. Top Command output: ###
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|
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First of all, let us understand what the output says. Top command displays a lot of information about the running system. But we need to under stand the meaning of different sections of this output:
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Running by default, the top command displays output like this:
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|
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![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/01.top_default.png)
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|
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*Top default display*
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|
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First few lines are horizontal showing summary about different system parameters, and following these are the processes and their attributes in columns.
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#### 1.1 Uptime and Load Averages: ####
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![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/02.top_uptime.png)
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*Uptime display*
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At the top of top command is displayed the output similar to uptime command.
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The fields display:
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- current time
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- the time your system is been up
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- number of users logged in
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- load average of 5, 10 and 15 minutes respectively.
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This uptime display can be toggled with ‘l’ command.
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#### 1.2 Tasks: ####
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![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/03.top_tasks.png)
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*Task summary*
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The second line shows summary of tasks or processes. The processes can be in different states. It shows total number of the processes. Out of these, the processes can be running, sleeping, stopped or in zombie (zombie is the state of a process state, These process summary can be toggled with ‘t’ command.
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#### 1.3 CPU States: ####
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![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/04.top_cpu_states.png)
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*CPU status display*
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Next is shown the CPU state. Here, %age of CPU time in different modes is shown. The meaning of different CPU times are:
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- us, user: CPU time in running (un-niced) user processes
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- sy, system: CPU time in running kernel processes
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- ni, niced: CPU time in running niced user processes
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- wa, IO wait: CPU time waiting for IO completion
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- hi: CPU time serving hardware interrupts
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- si: CPU time serving software interrupts
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- st: CPU time stolen for this vm by the hipervisor.
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This can be toggled with ‘t’ command.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.4 Memory Usage: ####
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/05.top_mem_usage.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Memory usage*
|
||||
|
||||
Next two lines show memory usage, somewhat like ‘free’ command. 1st of these lines is for physical memory and the second for virtual memory (swap space).
|
||||
|
||||
The physical memory is displayed as: total available memory, used memory, free memory, and memory used for buffers
|
||||
Similarly, swap reflects: total, used, free and cached swap space.
|
||||
The memory can be toggled with ‘m’ command.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.5 Fields/Columns: ####
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/06.top_fields.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Top columns*
|
||||
|
||||
After these horizontal system properties and states, the processes are shown in columns. The different columns represent different properties discussed below.
|
||||
|
||||
By default, top shows these attributes associated with processes:
|
||||
|
||||
**PID**
|
||||
The Process ID, to uniquely identify a processes.
|
||||
|
||||
**USER**
|
||||
The effective user name of the owner of the processes.
|
||||
|
||||
**PR**
|
||||
The scheduling priority of the process. Some values in this field are ‘rt’. It means that the process is running under real-time.
|
||||
|
||||
**NI**
|
||||
The nice value of the process. Lower values mean higher priority.
|
||||
|
||||
**VIRT**
|
||||
The amount of virtual memory used by the process.
|
||||
|
||||
**RES**
|
||||
The resident memory size. Resident memory is the amount of non-swapped physical memory a task is using.
|
||||
|
||||
**SHR**
|
||||
SHR is the shared memory used by the process.
|
||||
|
||||
**S**
|
||||
This is the process status. It can have one of the following values:
|
||||
|
||||
- D – uninterruptible sleep
|
||||
- R – running
|
||||
- S – sleeping
|
||||
- T – traced or stopped
|
||||
- Z – zombie
|
||||
|
||||
**%CPU**
|
||||
It is the percentage of CPU time the task has used since last update.
|
||||
|
||||
**%MEM**
|
||||
Percentage of available physical memory used by the process.
|
||||
|
||||
**TIME+**
|
||||
The total CPU time the task has used since it started, with precision upto hundredth of a second.
|
||||
|
||||
**COMMAND**
|
||||
The command which was used to start the process.
|
||||
|
||||
There are many other outputs which are not displayed by default which can display information about page faults, effective group and group ID of the process, and many more.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Interactive Commands: ###
|
||||
|
||||
We discussed earlier that the top command is interactive commands. Some of the commands we encountered in the last section. Here we explore these commands further.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.1 ‘h’: Help ####
|
||||
|
||||
First of all, you can press ‘h’ or ‘?’ to display the help menu for interactive commands.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/07.top_help.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Help options*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.2 ‘<ENTER>’ or ‘<SPACE>’: Refresh Display ####
|
||||
|
||||
The top command by default refreshes after a certain interval (3 seconds). To refresh manually, user can press enter or space key.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.3 A: Toggle Alternate Display Mode ####
|
||||
|
||||
This command switches between full-screen Mode and alternate-display mode. In alternate display mode, 4 windows are available:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Def
|
||||
2. Job
|
||||
3. Mem
|
||||
4. Usr
|
||||
|
||||
Each of the 4 field groups has a unique separately configurable summary area and its own configurable task area. Only one of these 4 windows will be the current window. The current window is displayed on the top left corner.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/08.top_alternative_display.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Alternative display mode*
|
||||
|
||||
You can switch between 4 windows with ‘a’ and ‘w’ keys. ‘a’ moves to next and ‘w’ to previous window. With ‘g’ command, you can enter a number to select the current window.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/09.top_alternate_window_selection.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Window selection in alternative display*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.4 B: Toggle Bold Display ####
|
||||
|
||||
Some important information is shown in bold characters. This command toggles use of bold.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/10.top_bold_display_off.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Bold off*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.5 ‘d’ or ‘s’: Set Display Time interval ####
|
||||
|
||||
When ‘d’ or ‘s’ is pressed, you will be prompted to enter a value ( in seconds ) which will be set as display interval. If you enter 1 here, top will refresh every second.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/11.top_display_time_interval.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Display time interval*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.6 ‘l’, ‘t’, ‘m’: Toggle Load, Task, Memory Info ####
|
||||
|
||||
These will toggle load average, task/cpu status and mem info respectively as discussed.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/12.top_load_average_display_off.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Load average off*
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/13.top_cpu_display_off.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*CPU summary off*
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/14.top_mem_display_off.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Memory and swap usage off*
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/15.top_all_three_display_off.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*All three displays off*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.7 ‘f’: Field Management ####
|
||||
|
||||
This is used to chose what field you want to display on the output screen. The fields marked as * are selected.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/16.top_field_management.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Managing columns*
|
||||
|
||||
‘<’ and ‘>’
|
||||
The ‘<’ command moves the sorted field to the left and ‘>’ to the right
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.8 ‘R’: Reverse Sort ####
|
||||
|
||||
Toggle Reverse/Normal sort order
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.9 ‘c’: Toggle Command ####
|
||||
|
||||
Toggle full path of command that started the process and program name.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/17.top_command_name_displayed.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Full command path*
|
||||
|
||||
2.10 ‘i’: Idle Tasks
|
||||
|
||||
Toggle idle tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/18.top_idle_tasks_off.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Idle task display off*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.11 ‘V’: Forest View ####
|
||||
|
||||
Toggle forest view mode.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/19.top_forest_view.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Forest view of tasks*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.12 ‘Z’: Change color map ####
|
||||
|
||||
Pressing the ‘Z’ key takes the user to a screen where the display color can be changed for top command. There are 8 task areas to chose from and 8 colors.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/20.top_color_selection.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Customizing colors*
|
||||
|
||||
The below screen shows full colored top view with all 4 screens on.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/21.top_colored.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Colored display*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.13 ‘z’: Toggle Color ####
|
||||
|
||||
Toggle color, i.e. turn on or off the colored display.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.14 ‘x’ or ‘y’ ####
|
||||
|
||||
Toggle highlights: ‘x’ sort field; ‘y’ running tasks. Depending upon your display settings, You might have to make the output colored in order to notice these highlights.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/22.top_x_y_displayed.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*X and Y highlighted*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.15 ‘u’: Processes of a User ####
|
||||
|
||||
Show processes for a particular user. You are prompted to enter the username. Blank will show for all users.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/23.top_raghu_processes.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Processes of 'raghu' user*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.16 ‘n’ or ‘#’: Number of tasks ####
|
||||
|
||||
Set maximum number of tasks displayed.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/24.top_10_processes.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Setting number of tasks displayed*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.17 ‘k’: Kill tasks ####
|
||||
|
||||
One of the most important commands of top. Used to send signals to tasks (Usually kill tasks).
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/25.top_kill_task.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Killing a task*
|
||||
|
||||
2.18 ‘r’: Renice
|
||||
|
||||
Renice a task to change the scheduling priority.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Command line options: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Most of these command line options are similar to the commands discussed above. Top output can be manipulated interactively with commands. But you can start top with some parameters set to your convenience with these options.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.1 -b: Batch mode ####
|
||||
|
||||
The -b option starts top command in batch mode. It can be useful when you want to save the output in a file.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.2 -c: Command/Program-name toggle: ####
|
||||
|
||||
As discussed in the above commands, this option will toggle from the last remembered state of command/program name display.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.3 -d: Set delay interval ####
|
||||
|
||||
Set the delay interval for top (in seconds). For example:
|
||||
|
||||
$ top -d 1
|
||||
|
||||
will start the top command with 1 sec delay interval.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.4 -i: idle process toggle ####
|
||||
|
||||
This option sets the top command with last remembered ‘i’ state reversed.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.5 -n: Set number of iterations ####
|
||||
|
||||
With -n option, you can set the number of iterations after which top willl end.
|
||||
|
||||
$ top -n 3
|
||||
|
||||
will exit top automatically after 3 outputs.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.6 -p: monitor specific PIDs ####
|
||||
|
||||
You can specify what PIDs you want to monitor with -p option. PID value 0 will be treated as process ID of top command itself.
|
||||
|
||||
3.7 -u or -U: username or UID
|
||||
|
||||
The process of a particular user can be viewed with these options. Username or UID can be specified to the option. The -p, -u and -U options are mutually exclusive. Only one of the options can be used at a time. You get error when you try to use any combination of these options:
|
||||
|
||||
$ top -p 28453 -u raghu
|
||||
top: conflicting process selections (U/p/u)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-top-command-examples-screenshots/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user