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Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master' into 20180101-The-mysterious-case-of-the-Linux-Page-Table-Isolation-patches
This commit is contained in:
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commit
192b01dc2b
@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
|
||||
translating by lujun9972
|
||||
Python Nmon Analyzer: moving away from excel macros
|
||||
======
|
||||
[Nigel's monitor][1], dubbed "Nmon", is a fantastic tool for monitoring, recording and analyzing a Linux/*nix system's performance over time. Nmon was originally developed by IBM and Open Sourced in the summer of 2009. By now Nmon is available on just about every linux platfrom and architecture. It provides a great real-time command line visualization of current system statistics, such as CPU, RAM, Network and Disk I/O. However, Nmon's greatest feature is the capability to record system performance snapshots over time.
|
||||
For example: `nmon -f -s 1`.
|
||||
![nmon CPU and Disk utilization][2]
|
||||
This will create a log file starting of with some system metadata(Section AAA - BBBV), followed by timed snapshots of all monitored system attributes, such as CPU and Memory usage. This produces a file that is hard to directly interpret with a spreadsheet application, hence the birth of the [Nmon_Analyzer][3] excel macro. This tool is great, if you have access to Windows/Mac with Microsoft Office installed. If not there is also the Nmon2rrd tool, which generates RRD input files to generate your graphs. This is a very rigid approach and slightly painful. Now to provide a more flexible tool, I am introducing the pyNmonAnalyzer, which aims to provide a customization solution for generating organized CSV files and simple HTML reports with [matplotlib][4] based graphs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting Started:
|
||||
|
||||
System requirements:
|
||||
As the name indicates you will need python. Additionally pyNmonAnalyzer depends on matplotlib and numpy. If you are on a debian-derivative system these are the packages you'll need to install:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-matplotlib
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Getting pyNmonAnalyzer:
|
||||
|
||||
Either clone the git repository:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> git clone git@github.com:madmaze/pyNmonAnalyzer.git
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
Download the current release here: [pyNmonAnalyzer-0.1.zip][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Next we need an an Nmon file, if you do not already have one, either use the example provided in the release or record a sample: `nmon -F test.nmon -s 1 -c 120`, this will record 120 snapshots at 1 second intervals to test.nmon.
|
||||
|
||||
Lets have a look at the basic help output:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> ./pyNmonAnalyzer.py -h
|
||||
usage: pyNmonAnalyzer.py [-h] [-x] [-d] [-o OUTDIR] [-c] [-b] [-r CONFFNAME]
|
||||
input_file
|
||||
|
||||
nmonParser converts Nmon monitor files into time-sorted
|
||||
CSV/Spreadsheets for easier analysis, without the use of the
|
||||
MS Excel Macro. Also included is an option to build an HTML
|
||||
report with graphs, which is configured through report.config.
|
||||
|
||||
positional arguments:
|
||||
input_file Input NMON file
|
||||
|
||||
optional arguments:
|
||||
-h, --help show this help message and exit
|
||||
-x, --overwrite overwrite existing results (Default: False)
|
||||
-d, --debug debug? (Default: False)
|
||||
-o OUTDIR, --output OUTDIR
|
||||
Output dir for CSV (Default: ./data/)
|
||||
-c, --csv CSV output? (Default: False)
|
||||
-b, --buildReport report output? (Default: False)
|
||||
-r CONFFNAME, --reportConfig CONFFNAME
|
||||
Report config file, if none exists: we will write the
|
||||
default config file out (Default: ./report.config)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
There are 2 main options of using this tool
|
||||
|
||||
1. Turn the nmon file into a set of separate CSV file
|
||||
2. Generate an HTML report with matplotlib graphs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The following command does both:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> ./pyNmonAnalyzer.py -c -b test.nmon
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This will create a directory called ./data in which you will find a folder of CSV files ("./data/csv/"), a folder of PNG graphs ("./data/img/") and an HTML report ("./data/report.html").
|
||||
|
||||
By default the HTML report will include graphs for CPU, Disk Busy, Memory utilization and Network transfers. This is all defined in a self explanitory configuration file, "report.config". At the moment this is not yet very flexible as CPU and MEM are not configurable besides on or off, but one of the next steps will be to refine the plotting approach and to expose more flexibility with which graphs plot which data points.
|
||||
|
||||
### Report Example:
|
||||
|
||||
[![pyNmonAnalyzer Graph output][6]
|
||||
**Click to see the full Report**][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Currently these reports are very bare bones and only prints out basic labeled graphs, but development is on-going. Currently in development is a wizard that will make adjusting the configurations easier. Please do let me know if you have any suggestions, find any bugs or have feature requests.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://matthiaslee.com/python-nmon-analyzer-moving-away-from-excel-macros/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Matthias Lee][a]
|
||||
译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://matthiaslee.com/
|
||||
[1]:http://nmon.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:https://matthiaslee.com//content/images/2015/06/nmon_cpudisk.png
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/WikiPtype/nmonanalyser
|
||||
[4]:http://matplotlib.org/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/madmaze/pyNmonAnalyzer/blob/master/release/pyNmonAnalyzer-0.1.zip?raw=true
|
||||
[6]:https://matthiaslee.com//content/images/2017/04/teaser-short_0.png (pyNmonAnalyzer Graph output)
|
||||
[7]:http://matthiaslee.com/pub/pyNmonAnalyzer/data/report.html
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
translated by cyleft
|
||||
|
||||
Top 10 Command Line Games For Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
Brief: This article lists the **best command line games for Linux**.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
|
||||
How To Find (Top-10) Largest Files In Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
When you are running out of disk space in system, you may prefer to check with df command or du command or ncdu command but all these will tell you only current directory files and doesn't shows the system wide files.
|
||||
|
||||
You have to spend huge amount of time to get the largest files in the system using the above commands, that to you have to navigate to each and every directory to achieve this.
|
||||
|
||||
It's making you to face trouble and this is not the right way to do it.
|
||||
|
||||
If so, what would be the suggested way to get top 10 largest files in Linux?
|
||||
|
||||
I have spend a lot of time with google but i didn't found this. Everywhere i could see an article which list the top 10 files in the current directory. So, i want to make this article useful for people whoever looking to get the top 10 largest files in the system.
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, we are going to teach you how to find top 10 largest files in Linux system using below four methods.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-1 :
|
||||
|
||||
There is no specific command available in Linux to do this, hence we are using more than one command (all together) to get this done.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# find / -type f -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -rh | head -n 10
|
||||
|
||||
1.4G /swapfile
|
||||
1.1G /home/magi/ubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
564M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA
|
||||
378M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8
|
||||
377M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU
|
||||
100M /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore.so.0
|
||||
93M /usr/lib/firefox/libxul.so
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604.snap
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440.snap
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247.snap
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Details :**
|
||||
**`find`** : It 's a command, Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
|
||||
**`/`** : Check in the whole system (starting from / directory)
|
||||
**`-type`** : File is of type
|
||||
|
||||
**`f`** : Regular file
|
||||
**`-print0`** : Print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a null character
|
||||
**`|`** : Control operator that send the output of one program to another program for further processing.
|
||||
|
||||
**`xargs`** : It 's a command, which build and execute command lines from standard input.
|
||||
**`-0`** : Input items are terminated by a null character instead of by whitespace
|
||||
**`du -h`** : It 's a command to calculate disk usage with human readable format
|
||||
|
||||
**`sort`** : It 's a command, Sort lines of text files
|
||||
**`-r`** : Reverse the result of comparisons
|
||||
**`-h`** : Print the output with human readable format
|
||||
|
||||
**`head`** : It 's a command, Output the first part of files
|
||||
**`n -10`** : Print the first 10 files.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-2 :
|
||||
|
||||
This is an another way to find or check top 10 largest files in Linux system. Here also, we are putting few commands together to achieve this.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# find / -type f -exec du -Sh {} + | sort -rh | head -n 10
|
||||
|
||||
1.4G /swapfile
|
||||
1.1G /home/magi/ubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
564M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA
|
||||
378M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8
|
||||
377M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU
|
||||
100M /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore.so.0
|
||||
93M /usr/lib/firefox/libxul.so
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604.snap
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440.snap
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247.snap
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Details :**
|
||||
**`find`** : It 's a command, Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
|
||||
**`/`** : Check in the whole system (starting from / directory)
|
||||
**`-type`** : File is of type
|
||||
|
||||
**`f`** : Regular file
|
||||
**`-exec`** : This variant of the -exec action runs the specified command on the selected files
|
||||
**`du`** : It 's a command to estimate file space usage.
|
||||
|
||||
**`-S`** : Do not include size of subdirectories
|
||||
**`-h`** : Print sizes in human readable format
|
||||
**`{}`** : Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
|
||||
|
||||
**`|`** : Control operator that send the output of one program to another program for further processing.
|
||||
**`sort`** : It 's a command, Sort lines of text files
|
||||
**`-r`** : Reverse the result of comparisons
|
||||
|
||||
**`-h`** : Compare human readable numbers
|
||||
**`head`** : It 's a command, Output the first part of files
|
||||
**`n -10`** : Print the first 10 files.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-3 :
|
||||
|
||||
It 's an another method to find or search top 10 largest files in Linux system.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# find / -type f -print0 | xargs -0 du | sort -n | tail -10 | cut -f2 | xargs -I{} du -sh {}
|
||||
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247.snap
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440.snap
|
||||
84M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604.snap
|
||||
93M /usr/lib/firefox/libxul.so
|
||||
100M /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore.so.0
|
||||
377M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU
|
||||
378M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8
|
||||
564M /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA
|
||||
1.1G /home/magi/ubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
1.4G /swapfile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Details :**
|
||||
**`find`** : It 's a command, Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
|
||||
**`/`** : Check in the whole system (starting from / directory)
|
||||
**`-type`** : File is of type
|
||||
|
||||
**`f`** : Regular file
|
||||
**`-print0`** : Print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a null character
|
||||
**`|`** : Control operator that send the output of one program to another program for further processing.
|
||||
|
||||
**`xargs`** : It 's a command, which build and execute command lines from standard input.
|
||||
**`-0`** : Input items are terminated by a null character instead of by whitespace
|
||||
**`du`** : It 's a command to estimate file space usage.
|
||||
|
||||
**`sort`** : It 's a command, Sort lines of text files
|
||||
**`-n`** : Compare according to string numerical value
|
||||
**`tail -10`** : It 's a command, output the last part of files (last 10 files)
|
||||
|
||||
**`cut`** : It 's a command, remove sections from each line of files
|
||||
**`-f2`** : Select only these fields value.
|
||||
**`-I{}`** : Replace occurrences of replace-str in the initial-arguments with names read from standard input.
|
||||
|
||||
**`-s`** : Display only a total for each argument
|
||||
**`-h`** : Print sizes in human readable format
|
||||
**`{}`** : Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-4 :
|
||||
|
||||
It 's an another method to find or search top 10 largest files in Linux system.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# find / -type f -ls | sort -k 7 -r -n | head -10 | column -t | awk '{print $7,$11}'
|
||||
|
||||
1494845440 /swapfile
|
||||
1085984380 /home/magi/ubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
591003648 /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqTFU0XzkzUlJUZzA
|
||||
395770383 /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqeldzUmhPeC03Zm8
|
||||
394891761 /home/magi/.gdfuse/magi/cache/0B5nso_FPaZFqRGd4V0VrOXM4YVU
|
||||
103999072 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOxideQtCore.so.0
|
||||
97356256 /usr/lib/firefox/libxul.so
|
||||
87896064 /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604.snap
|
||||
87793664 /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3440.snap
|
||||
87089152 /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3247.snap
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Details :**
|
||||
**`find`** : It 's a command, Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
|
||||
**`/`** : Check in the whole system (starting from / directory)
|
||||
**`-type`** : File is of type
|
||||
|
||||
**`f`** : Regular file
|
||||
**`-ls`** : List current file in ls -dils format on standard output.
|
||||
**`|`** : Control operator that send the output of one program to another program for further processing.
|
||||
|
||||
**`sort`** : It 's a command, Sort lines of text files
|
||||
**`-k`** : start a key at POS1
|
||||
**`-r`** : Reverse the result of comparisons
|
||||
|
||||
**`-n`** : Compare according to string numerical value
|
||||
**`head`** : It 's a command, Output the first part of files
|
||||
**`-10`** : Print the first 10 files.
|
||||
|
||||
**`column`** : It 's a command, formats its input into multiple columns.
|
||||
**`-t`** : Determine the number of columns the input contains and create a table.
|
||||
**`awk`** : It 's a command, Pattern scanning and processing language
|
||||
**`'{print $7,$11}'`** : Print only mentioned column.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-find-search-check-print-top-10-largest-biggest-files-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
|
||||
How to Install Snipe-IT Asset Management Software on Debian 9
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Snipe-IT is a free and open source IT assets management web application that can be used for tracking licenses, accessories, consumables, and components. It is written in PHP language and uses MySQL to store its data. It is a cross-platform application that works on all the major operating system like, Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. It easily integrates with Active Directory, LDAP and supports two-factor authentication with Google Authenticator.
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, we will learn how to install Snipe-IT on Debian 9 server.
|
||||
|
||||
### Requirements
|
||||
|
||||
* A server running Debian 9.
|
||||
* A non-root user with sudo privileges.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting Started
|
||||
|
||||
Before installing any packages, it is recommended to update the system package with the latest version. You can do this by running the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get update -y
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, restart the system to apply all the updates. Then install other required packages with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install git curl unzip wget -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once all the packages are installed, you can proceed to the next step.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install LAMP Server
|
||||
|
||||
Snipe-IT runs on Apache web server, so you will need to install LAMP (Apache, MariaDB, PHP) to your system.
|
||||
|
||||
First, install Apache, PHP and other PHP libraries with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-php php php-pdo php-mbstring php-tokenizer php-curl php-mysql php-ldap php-zip php-fileinfo php-gd php-dom php-mcrypt php-bcmath -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once all the packages are installed, start Apache service and enable it to start on boot with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl start apache2
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable apache2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Install and Configure MariaDB
|
||||
|
||||
Snipe-IT uses MariaDB to store its data. So you will need to install MariaDB to your system. By default, the latest version of the MariaDB is not available in the Debian 9 repository. So you will need to install MariaDB repository to your system.
|
||||
|
||||
First, add the APT key with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common -y
|
||||
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, add the MariaDB repository using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,i386,ppc64el] http://nyc2.mirrors.digitalocean.com/mariadb/repo/10.1/debian stretch main'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, update the repository with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get update -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once the repository is updated, you can install MariaDB with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, start the MariaDB service and enable it to start on boot time with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl start mysql
|
||||
sudo systemctl start mysql
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can check the status of MariaDB server with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl status mysql
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If everything is fine, you should see the following output:
|
||||
```
|
||||
? mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
|
||||
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
|
||||
Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-12-25 08:41:25 EST; 29min ago
|
||||
Process: 618 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
|
||||
Process: 615 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
|
||||
Process: 436 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= || VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ] && systemc
|
||||
Process: 429 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
|
||||
Process: 418 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
|
||||
Main PID: 574 (mysqld)
|
||||
Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
|
||||
Tasks: 27 (limit: 4915)
|
||||
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
|
||||
??574 /usr/sbin/mysqld
|
||||
|
||||
Dec 25 08:41:07 debian systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
|
||||
Dec 25 08:41:14 debian mysqld[574]: 2017-12-25 8:41:14 140488893776448 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.1.26-MariaDB-0+deb9u1) starting as p
|
||||
Dec 25 08:41:25 debian systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, secure your MariaDB by running the following script:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mysql_secure_installation
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Answer all the questions as shown below:
|
||||
```
|
||||
Set root password? [Y/n] n
|
||||
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
|
||||
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
|
||||
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
|
||||
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once MariaDB is secured, log in to MariaDB shell with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
mysql -u root -p
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Enter your root password when prompt, then create a database for Snipe-IT with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)]> create database snipeitdb character set utf8;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, create a user for Snipe-IT and grant all privileges to the Snipe-IT with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON snipeitdb.* TO 'snipeit'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, flush the privileges with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, exit from the MariaDB console using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Snipe-IT
|
||||
|
||||
You can download the latest version of the Snipe-IT from Git repository with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/snipe/snipe-it snipe-it
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, move the downloaded directory to the apache root directory with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv snipe-it /var/www/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you will need to install Composer to your system. You can install it with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
|
||||
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, change the directory to snipe-it and Install PHP dependencies using Composer with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cd /var/www/snipe-it
|
||||
sudo composer install --no-dev --prefer-source
|
||||
```
|
||||
Next, generate the "APP_Key" with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo php artisan key:generate
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You should see the following output:
|
||||
```
|
||||
**************************************
|
||||
* Application In Production! *
|
||||
**************************************
|
||||
|
||||
Do you really wish to run this command? (yes/no) [no]:
|
||||
> yes
|
||||
|
||||
Application key [base64:uWh7O0/TOV10asWpzHc0DH1dOxJHprnZw2kSOnbBXww=] set successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you will need to populate MySQL with Snipe-IT's default database schema. You can do this by running the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo php artisan migrate
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Type yes, when prompted to confirm that you want to perform the migration:
|
||||
```
|
||||
**************************************
|
||||
* Application In Production! *
|
||||
**************************************
|
||||
|
||||
Do you really wish to run this command? (yes/no) [no]:
|
||||
> yes
|
||||
|
||||
Migration table created successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, copy sample .env file and make some changes in it:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo cp .env.example .env
|
||||
sudo nano .env
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Change the following lines:
|
||||
```
|
||||
APP_URL=http://example.com
|
||||
APP_TIMEZONE=US/Eastern
|
||||
APP_LOCALE=en
|
||||
|
||||
# --------------------------------------------
|
||||
# REQUIRED: DATABASE SETTINGS
|
||||
# --------------------------------------------
|
||||
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
|
||||
DB_HOST=localhost
|
||||
DB_DATABASE=snipeitdb
|
||||
DB_USERNAME=snipeit
|
||||
DB_PASSWORD=password
|
||||
DB_PREFIX=null
|
||||
DB_DUMP_PATH='/usr/bin'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Save and close the file when you are finished.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, provide the appropriate ownership and file permissions with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data storage public/uploads
|
||||
sudo chmod -R 755 storage public/uploads
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure Apache For Snipe-IT
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you will need to create an apache virtual host directive for Snipe-IT. You can do this by creating `snipeit.conf` file inside `/etc/apache2/sites-available` directory:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/snipeit.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Add the following lines:
|
||||
```
|
||||
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
||||
ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
|
||||
<Directory /var/www/snipe-it/public>
|
||||
Require all granted
|
||||
AllowOverride All
|
||||
</Directory>
|
||||
DocumentRoot /var/www/snipe-it/public
|
||||
ServerName example.com
|
||||
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/snipeIT.error.log
|
||||
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined
|
||||
</VirtualHost>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Save and close the file when you are finished. Then, enable virtual host with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo a2ensite snipeit.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, enable PHP mcrypt, mbstring module and Apache rewrite module with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo phpenmod mcrypt
|
||||
sudo phpenmod mbstring
|
||||
sudo a2enmod rewrite
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, restart apache web server to apply all the changes:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart apache2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure Firewall
|
||||
|
||||
By default, Snipe-IT runs on port 80, so you will need to allow port 80 through the firewall. By default, UFW firewall is not installed in Debian 9, so you will need to install it first. You can install it by just running the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ufw -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once UFW is installed, enable it to start on boot time with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo ufw enable
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, allow port 80 using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo ufw allow 80
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, reload the UFW firewall rule with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo ufw reload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Access Snipe-IT
|
||||
|
||||
Everything is now installed and configured, it's time to access Snipe-IT web interface.
|
||||
|
||||
Open your web browser and type the <http://example.com> URL, you will be redirected to the following page:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Snipe-IT Checks the system][2]][3]
|
||||
|
||||
The above page will do a system check to make sure your configuration looks correct. Next, click on the **Create Database Table** button you should see the following page:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Create database table][4]][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Here, click on the **Create User** page, you should see the following page:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Create user][6]][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Here, provide your Site name, Domain name, Admin username, and password, then click on the **Save User** button, you should see the Snipe-IT default dashboard as below:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Snipe-IT Dashboard][8]][9]
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
In the above tutorial, we have learned to install Snipe-IT on Debian 9 server. We have also learned to configure Snipe-IT through web interface.I hope you have now enough knowledge to deploy Snipe-IT in your production environment. For more information you can refer Snipe-IT [Documentation Page][10].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-snipe-it-on-debian-9/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Hitesh Jethva][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com
|
||||
[1]:/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
|
||||
[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page1.png
|
||||
[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/big/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page1.png
|
||||
[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page2.png
|
||||
[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/big/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page2.png
|
||||
[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page3.png
|
||||
[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/big/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page3.png
|
||||
[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page4.png
|
||||
[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how_to_install_snipe_it_on_debian_9/big/Screenshot-of-snipeit-page4.png
|
||||
[10]:https://snipe-it.readme.io/docs
|
||||
110
sources/tech/20180111 Multimedia Apps for the Linux Console.md
Normal file
110
sources/tech/20180111 Multimedia Apps for the Linux Console.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
|
||||
Multimedia Apps for the Linux Console
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux console supports multimedia, so you can enjoy music, movies, photos, and even read PDF files.
|
||||
|
||||
When last we met, we learned that the Linux console supports multimedia. Yes, really! You can enjoy music, movies, photos, and even read PDF files without being in an X session with MPlayer, fbi, and fbgs. And, as a bonus, you can enjoy a Matrix-style screensaver for the console, CMatrix.
|
||||
|
||||
You will probably have make some tweaks to your system to make this work. The examples used here are for Ubuntu Linux 16.04.
|
||||
|
||||
### MPlayer
|
||||
|
||||
You're probably familiar with the amazing and versatile MPlayer, which supports almost every video and audio format, and runs on nearly everything, including Linux, Android, Windows, Mac, Kindle, OS/2, and AmigaOS. Using MPLayer in your console will probably require some tweaking, depending on your Linux distribution. To start, try playing a video:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mplayer [video name]
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If it works, then hurrah, and you can invest your time in learning useful MPlayer options, such as controlling the size of the video screen. However, some Linux distributions are managing the framebuffer differently than in the olden days, and you may have to adjust some settings to make it work. This is how to make it work on recent Ubuntu releases.
|
||||
|
||||
First, add yourself to the video group.
|
||||
|
||||
Second, verify that `/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-framebuffer.conf` has this line: `#blacklist vesafb`. It should already be commented out, and if it isn't then comment it. All the other module lines should be un-commented, which prevents them from loading. Side note: if you want to dig more deeply into managing your framebuffer, the module for your video card may give better performance.
|
||||
|
||||
Add these two modules to the end of `/etc/initramfs-tools/modules`, `vesafb` and `fbcon`, then rebuild the initramfs image:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
|
||||
# List of modules that you want to include in your initramfs.
|
||||
# They will be loaded at boot time in the order below.
|
||||
fbcon
|
||||
vesafb
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo update-initramfs -u
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[fbcon][1] is the Linux framebuffer console. It runs on top of the framebuffer and adds graphical features. It requires a framebuffer device, which is supplied by the `vesafb` module.
|
||||
|
||||
Now you must edit your GRUB2 configuration. In `/etc/default/grub` you should see a line like this:
|
||||
```
|
||||
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It may have some other options, but it should be there. Add `vga=789`:
|
||||
```
|
||||
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash vga=789"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Reboot and enter your console (Ctrl+Alt+F1), and try playing a video. This command selects the `fbdev2` video device; I haven't learned yet how to know which one to use, but I had to use it to play the video. The default screen size is 320x240, so I scaled it to 960:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mplayer -vo fbdev2 -vf scale -zoom -xy 960 AlienSong_mp4.mov
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And behold Figure 1. It's grainy because I have a low-fi copy of this video, not because MPlayer is making it grainy.
|
||||
|
||||
MPLayer plays CDs, DVDs, network streams, and has a giant batch of playback options, which I shall leave as your homework to explore.
|
||||
|
||||
### fbi Image Viewer
|
||||
|
||||
`fbi`, the framebuffer image viewer, comes in the [fbida][2] package on most Linuxes. It has native support for the common image file formats, and uses `convert` (from Image Magick), if it is installed, for other formats. Its simplest use is to view a single image file:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ fbi filename
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Use the arrow keys to scroll a large image, + and - to zoom, and r and l to rotate 90 degress right and left. Press the Escape key to close the image. You can play a slideshow by giving `fbi` a list of files:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ fbi --list file-list.txt
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`fbi` supports autozoom. With `-a` `fbi` controls the zoom factor. `--autoup` and `--autodown` tell `fbi` to only zoom up or down. Control the blend time between images with `--blend [time]`, in milliseconds. Press the k and j keys to jump behind and ahead in your file list.
|
||||
|
||||
`fbi` has commands for creating file lists from images you have viewed, and for exporting your commands to a file, and a host of other cool options. Check out `man fbi` for complete options.
|
||||
|
||||
### CMatrix Console Screensaver
|
||||
|
||||
The Matrix screensaver is still my favorite (Figure 2), second only to the bouncing cow. [CMatrix][3] runs on the console. Simply type `cmatrix` to start it, and Ctrl+C stops it. Run `cmatrix -s` to launch it in screensaver mode, which exits on any keypress. `-C` changes the color. Your choices are green, red, blue, yellow, white, magenta, cyan, and black.
|
||||
|
||||
CMatrix supports asynchronous key presses, which means you can change options while it's running.
|
||||
|
||||
`-B` is all bold text, and `-B` is partially bold.
|
||||
|
||||
### fbgs PDF Viewer
|
||||
|
||||
It seems that the addiction to PDF documents is pandemic and incurable, though PDFs are better than they used to be, with live hyperlinks, copy-paste, and good text search. The `fbgs` console PDF viewer is part of the `fbida` package. Options include page size, resolution, page selections, and most `fbi` options, with the exceptions listed in `man fbgs`. The main option I use is page size; you get `-l`, `xl`, and `xxl` to choose from:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ fbgs -xl annoyingpdf.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][4]course from The Linux Foundation and edX.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/1/multimedia-apps-linux-console
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Carla Schroder][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/cschroder
|
||||
[1]:https://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt
|
||||
[2]:https://www.kraxel.org/blog/linux/fbida/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.asty.org/cmatrix/
|
||||
[4]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
|
||||
The Fold Command Tutorial With Examples For Beginners
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you want to fold or break the output of a command to fit within a specific width? I have find myself in this situation few times while running VMs, especially the servers with no GUI. Just in case, if you ever wanted to limit the output of a command to a particular width, look nowhere! Here is where **fold** command comes in handy! The fold command wraps each line in an input file to fit a specified width and prints it to the standard output.
|
||||
|
||||
In this brief tutorial, we are going to see the usage of fold command with practical examples.
|
||||
|
||||
### The Fold Command Tutorial With Examples
|
||||
|
||||
Fold command is the part of GNU coreutils package, so let us not bother about installation.
|
||||
|
||||
The typical syntax of fold command:
|
||||
```
|
||||
fold [OPTION]... [FILE]...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Allow me to show you some examples, so you can get a better idea about fold command. I have a file named **linux.txt** with some random lines.
|
||||
|
||||
[![][1]][2]
|
||||
|
||||
To wrap each line in the above file to default width, run:
|
||||
```
|
||||
fold linux.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**80** columns per line is the default width. Here is the output of above command:
|
||||
|
||||
[![][1]][3]
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see in the above output, fold command has limited the output to a width of 80 characters.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, we can specify your preferred width, for example 50, like below:
|
||||
```
|
||||
fold -w50 linux.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Sample output would be:
|
||||
|
||||
[![][1]][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Instead of just displaying output, we can also write the output to a new file as shown below:
|
||||
```
|
||||
fold -w50 linux.txt > linux1.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will wrap the lines of **linux.txt** to a width of 50 characters, and writes the output to new file named **linux1.txt**.
|
||||
|
||||
Let us check the contents of the new file:
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat linux1.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[![][1]][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Did you closely notice the output of the previous commands? Some words are broken between lines. To overcome this issue, we can use -s flag to break the lines at spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
The following command wraps each line in a given file to width "50" and breaks the line at spaces:
|
||||
```
|
||||
fold -w50 -s linux.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Sample output:
|
||||
|
||||
[![][1]][6]
|
||||
|
||||
See? Now, the output is much clear. This command puts each space separated word in a new line and words with length > 50 are wrapped.
|
||||
|
||||
In all above examples, we limited the output width by columns. However, we can enforce the width of the output to the number of bytes specified using **-b** option. The following command breaks the output at 20 bytes.
|
||||
```
|
||||
fold -b20 linux.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Sample output:
|
||||
|
||||
[![][1]][7]
|
||||
|
||||
**Also read:**
|
||||
|
||||
+ [The Uniq Command Tutorial With Examples For Beginners][8]
|
||||
|
||||
For more details, refer the man pages.
|
||||
```
|
||||
man fold
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And, that's for now folks. You know now how to use fold command to limit the output of a command to fit in a specific width. I hope this was useful. We will be posting more useful guides everyday. Stay tuned!
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/fold-command-tutorial-examples-beginners/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SK][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[1]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/fold-command-1.png ()
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/fold-command-2.png ()
|
||||
[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/fold-command-3-1.png ()
|
||||
[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/fold-command-4.png ()
|
||||
[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/fold-command-5-1.png ()
|
||||
[7]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/fold-command-6-1.png ()
|
||||
[8]:https://www.ostechnix.com/uniq-command-tutorial-examples-beginners/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
|
||||
Linux yes Command Tutorial for Beginners (with Examples)
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the Linux commands you encounter do not depend on other operations for users to unlock their full potential, but there exists a small subset of command line tool which you can say are useless when used independently, but become a must-have or must-know when used with other command line operations. One such tool is **yes** , and in this tutorial, we will discuss this command with some easy to understand examples.
|
||||
|
||||
But before we do that, it's worth mentioning that all examples provided in this tutorial have been tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux yes command
|
||||
|
||||
The yes command in Linux outputs a string repeatedly until killed. Following is the syntax of the command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
yes [STRING]...
|
||||
yes OPTION
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And here's what the man page says about this tool:
|
||||
```
|
||||
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The following Q&A-type examples should give you a better idea about the usage of yes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Q1. How yes command works?
|
||||
|
||||
As the man page says, the yes command produces continuous output - 'y' by default, or any other string if specified by user. Here's a screenshot that shows the yes command in action:
|
||||
|
||||
[![How yes command works][1]][2]
|
||||
|
||||
I could only capture the last part of the output as the output frequency was so fast, but the screenshot should give you a good idea about what kind of output the tool produces.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also provide a custom string for the yes command to use in output. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
yes HTF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[![Repeat word with yes command][3]][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### Q2. Where yes command helps the user?
|
||||
|
||||
That's a valid question. Reason being, from what yes does, it's difficult to imagine the usefulness of the tool. But you'll be surprised to know that yes can not only save your time, but also automate some mundane tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, consider the following scenario:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Where yes command helps the user][5]][6]
|
||||
|
||||
You can see that user has to type 'y' for each query. It's in situation like these where yes can help. For the above scenario specifically, you can use yes in the following way:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
yes | rm -ri test
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[![yes command in action][7]][8]
|
||||
|
||||
So the command made sure user doesn't have to write 'y' each time when rm asked for it. Of course, one would argue that we could have simply removed the '-i' option from the rm command. That's right, I took this example as it's simple enough to make people understand the situations in which yes can be helpful.
|
||||
|
||||
Another - and probably more relevant - scenario would be when you're using the fsck command, and don't want to enter 'y' each time system asks your permission before fixing errors.
|
||||
|
||||
### Q3. Is there any use of yes when it's used alone?
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, there's at-least one use: to tell how well a computer system handles high amount of loads. Reason being, the tool utilizes 100% processor for systems that have a single processor. In case you want to apply this test on a system with multiple processors, you need to run a yes process for each processor.
|
||||
|
||||
### Q4. What command line options yes offers?
|
||||
|
||||
The tool only offers generic command line options: --help and --version. As the names suggests. the former displays help information related to the command, while the latter one outputs version related information.
|
||||
|
||||
[![What command line options yes offers][9]][10]
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
So now you'd agree that there could be several scenarios where the yes command would be of help. There are no command line options unique to yes, so effectively, there's no learning curve associated with the tool. Just in case you need, here's the command's [man page][11].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-yes-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com
|
||||
[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/yes-def-output.png
|
||||
[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/big/yes-def-output.png
|
||||
[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/yes-custom-string.png
|
||||
[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/big/yes-custom-string.png
|
||||
[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/rm-ri-output.png
|
||||
[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/big/rm-ri-output.png
|
||||
[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/yes-in-action.png
|
||||
[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/big/yes-in-action.png
|
||||
[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/yes-help-version1.png
|
||||
[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/command-tutorial/big/yes-help-version1.png
|
||||
[11]:https://linux.die.net/man/1/yes
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
||||
Top 5 Firefox extensions to install now
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
The right extensions can greatly enhance your browser's capabilities, but it's important to choose carefully. Here are five that are worth a look.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The web browser has become a critical component of the computing experience for many users. Modern browsers have evolved into powerful and extensible platforms. As part of this, _extensions_ can add or modify their functionality. Extensions for Firefox are built using the WebExtensions API, a cross-browser development system.
|
||||
|
||||
Which extensions should you install? Generally, that decision comes down to how you use your browser, your views on privacy, how much you trust extension developers, and other personal preferences.
|
||||
|
||||
First, I'd like to point out that browser extensions often require the ability to read and/or change everything on the web pages you visit. You should consider the ramifications of this _very_ carefully. If an extension has modify access to all the web pages you visit, it could act as a key logger, intercept credit card information, track you online, insert advertisements, and perform a variety of other nefarious activities.
|
||||
|
||||
That doesn't mean every extension will surreptitiously do these things, but you should carefully consider the installation source, the permissions involved, your risk profile, and other factors before you install any extension. Keep in mind you can use profiles to manage how an extension impacts your attack surface--for example, using a dedicated profile with no extensions to perform tasks such as online banking.
|
||||
|
||||
With that in mind, here are five Firefox extensions that you may want to consider.
|
||||
|
||||
### uBlock Origin
|
||||
|
||||
![ublock origin ad blocker screenshot][2]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ublock Origin blocks ads and malware while enabling users to define their own content filters.
|
||||
|
||||
[uBlock Origin][3] is a fast, low-memory, wide-spectrum blocker that not only blocks ads but also lets you enforce your own content filtering. The default behavior of uBlock Origin is to block ads, trackers, and malware sites using multiple predefined filter lists. From there it allows you to arbitrarily add lists and rules, or even lock down to a default-deny mode. In addition to being powerful, this extension has proven to be efficient and performant.
|
||||
|
||||
### Privacy Badger
|
||||
|
||||
![privacy badger ad blocker][5]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Privacy Badger uses algorithms to seamlessly block ads and trackers that violate the principles of user consent.
|
||||
|
||||
As its name indicates, [Privacy Badger][6] is a privacy-focused extension that blocks ads and third-party trackers. From the EFF: "Privacy Badger was born out of our desire to be able to recommend a single extension that would automatically analyze and block any tracker or ad that violated the principle of user consent; which could function well without any settings, knowledge, or configuration by the user; which is produced by an organization that is unambiguously working for its users rather than for advertisers; and which uses algorithmic methods to decide what is and isn't tracking."
|
||||
|
||||
Why is Privacy Badger on this list when it may seem so similar to uBlock Origin? One reason is that it fundamentally works differently than uBlock Origin. Another is that a practice of defense in depth is a sound policy to follow.
|
||||
|
||||
### LastPass
|
||||
|
||||
![lastpass password manager screenshot][8]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
LastPass is a user-friendly password manager plugin that supports two-factor authorization.
|
||||
|
||||
This is likely a controversial addition for many. Whether you should use a password manager at all--and if you do, whether you should choose one that has a browser plugin--is a hotly debated topic, and the answer very much depends on your personal risk profile. I'd assert that most casual computer users should use one, because it's much better than the most common alternative: using the same weak password everywhere.
|
||||
|
||||
[LastPass][9] is user-friendly, supports two-factor authentication, and is reasonably secure. The company has had a few security incidents in the past, but it responded well and is well-funded moving forward. Keep in mind that using a password manager isn't an all-or-nothing proposition. Many users choose to use it for the majority of their passwords, while keeping a few complicated, well-constructed passwords for important sites such as banking and multi-factor authentication in their head.
|
||||
|
||||
### Xmarks Sync
|
||||
|
||||
[Xmarks Sync][10] is a convenient extension that will sync your bookmarks, open tabs, profiles, and browser history across instances. If you have multiple machines, want to sync across desktop and mobile, or use multiple different browsers on the same machine, take a look at Xmarks Sync. (Note that this extension was recently acquired by LastPass.)
|
||||
|
||||
### Awesome Screenshot Plus
|
||||
|
||||
[Awesome Screenshot Plus][11] allows you to easily capture all or part of any web page, as well as add annotations and comments, blur sensitive information, and more. You can also share images using an optional online service. I've found this tool great for capturing parts of sites for debugging issues, discussing design, and sharing information. It's one of those tools you'll find yourself using more than you might have expected.
|
||||
|
||||
I've found all five of these extensions useful, and I recommend them to others. That said, there are many browser extensions out there. I'm curious about which ones other Opensource.com community members currently use and recommend. Let me know in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
![Awesome Screenshot Plus screenshot][13]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Awesome Screenshot Plus allows you to easily capture all or part of any web page.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/top-5-firefox-extensions
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jeremy Garcia][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/jeremy-garcia
|
||||
[2]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/ublock.png (ublock origin ad blocker screenshot)
|
||||
[3]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/
|
||||
[5]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/privacy_badger_1.0.1.png (privacy badger ad blocker screenshot)
|
||||
[6]:https://www.eff.org/privacybadger
|
||||
[8]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lastpass4.jpg (lastpass password manager screenshot)
|
||||
[9]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/lastpass-password-manager/
|
||||
[10]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/xmarks-sync/
|
||||
[11]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/screenshot-capture-annotate/
|
||||
[13]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/screenshot_from_2018-01-04_17-11-32.png (Awesome Screenshot Plus screenshot)
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
||||
巴塞罗那城放弃微软，转向 Linux 和开源
|
||||
=============
|
||||
|
||||
> 概述：巴塞罗那城市管理署已为从其现存的来自微软和专有软件的系统转换到 Linux 和开源软件规划好路线图。
|
||||
|
||||
西班牙报纸 [El País][1] 日前报道，[巴塞罗那城][2]已在迁移其计算机系统至开源技术的进程中。
|
||||
|
||||
根据该新闻报道，巴塞罗那城计划首先用开源应用程序替换掉所有的用户端应用。所有的专有软件都会被替换，最后仅剩下 Windows，而最终它也会被一个 Linux 发行版替代。
|
||||
|
||||
![BarcelonaSave][image-1]
|
||||
|
||||
### 巴塞罗那将会在 2019 年春季全面转换到开源
|
||||
|
||||
巴塞罗那城已经计划来年将其软件预算的 70% 投入到开源软件中。根据其城市议会技术和数字创新委员会委员 Francesca Bria 的说法，这一转换的过渡期将会在 2019 年春季本届城市管理署的任期结束前完成。
|
||||
|
||||
### 迁移旨在帮助 IT 人才
|
||||
|
||||
为了完成向开源的迁移，巴塞罗那城将会在中小企业中探索 IT 相关的项目。另外，城市管理署将吸纳 65 名新的开发者来构建软件以满足特定的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
设想中的一项重要项目，是开发一个在线的数字市场平台，小型企业将会利用其参加公开招标。
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu 将成为替代的 Linux 发行版
|
||||
|
||||
由于巴塞罗那已经运行着一个 1000 台规模的基于 Ubuntu 桌面的试点项目，Ubuntu 可能会成为替代 Windows 的 Linux 发行版。新闻报道同时披露，Open-Xchange 将会替代 Outlook 邮件客户端和 Exchange 邮件服务器，而 Firefox 与 LibreOffice 将会替代 Internet Explorer 与微软 Office。
|
||||
|
||||
### 巴塞罗那市政当局成为首个参与「<ruby>公共资产，公共代码<rt>Public Money, Public Code</rt></ruby>」运动的当局
|
||||
|
||||
凭借此次向开源项目迁移，巴塞罗那市政当局成为首个参与欧洲的「[<ruby>公共资产，公共代码<rt>Public Money, Public Code</rt></ruby>](3)」运动的当局。
|
||||
|
||||
[欧洲自由软件基金会](4)发布了一封[公开信](5)，倡议公共筹资的软件应该是自由的，并发起了这项运动。已有超过 15,000 人和 100 家组织支持这一号召。你也可以支持一个，只需要[签署请愿书](6)并且为开源发出你的声音。
|
||||
|
||||
### 资金永远是一个理由
|
||||
|
||||
根据 Bria 的说法，从 Windows 到开源软件的迁移，就已开发的程序可以被部署在西班牙或世界上的其他地方当局而言，促进了重复利用。显然，这一迁移也是为了防止大量的金钱被花费在专有软件上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 你的想法如何？
|
||||
|
||||
对于开源社区来讲，巴塞罗那的迁移是一场已经赢得的战争，也是一个有利条件。当[慕尼黑选择回归微软的怀抱](7)时，这一消息是开源社区十分需要的。
|
||||
|
||||
你对巴塞罗那转向开源有什么开发？你有预见到其他欧洲城市也跟随这一变化吗？在评论中和我们分享你的观点吧。
|
||||
|
||||
*來源: [Open Source Observatory][8]*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/barcelona-open-source/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Derick Sullivan M. Lobga][a]
|
||||
译者：[Purling Nayuki](https://github.com/PurlingNayuki)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/derick/
|
||||
[1]:https://elpais.com/ccaa/2017/12/01/catalunya/1512145439_132556.html
|
||||
[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona
|
||||
[image-1]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/barcelona-city-animated.jpg
|
||||
[3]:https://publiccode.eu/
|
||||
[4]:https://fsfe.org/
|
||||
[5]:https://publiccode.eu/openletter/
|
||||
[6]:https://creativecommons.org/2017/09/18/sign-petition-public-money-produce-public-code/
|
||||
[7]:https://itsfoss.com/munich-linux-failure/
|
||||
[8]:https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/news/public-money-public-code
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
|
||||
Python 版的 Nmon 分析器：让你远离 excel 宏
|
||||
======
|
||||
[Nigel's monitor][1]，也叫做 "Nmon"，是一个很好的监控，记录和分析 Linux/*nix 系统性能随时间变化的工具。Nmon 最初由 IBM 开发并于 2009 年夏天开源。时至今日 Nmon 已经在所有 linux 平台和架构上都可用了。它提供了大量的实时工具来可视化当前系统统计信息，这些统计信息包括 CPU，RAM，网络和磁盘 I/O。然而，Nmon 最棒的特性是可以随着时间的推移记录系统性能快照。
|
||||
比如：`nmon -f -s 1`。
|
||||
![nmon CPU and Disk utilization][2]
|
||||
会创建一个日志文件，该日志文件最开头是一些系统的元数据 T( 章节 AAA - BBBV)，后面是定时抓取的监控系统属性的快照，比如 CPU 和内存的使用情况。这个文件很难直接由电子表格应用来处理，因此诞生了 [Nmon_Analyzer][3] excel 宏。如果你用的是 Windows/Mac 并安装了 Microsoft Office，那么这个工具非常不错。如果没有这个环境那也可以使用 Nmon2rrd 工具，这个工具能将日志文件转换 RRD 输入文件，进而生成图形。这个过程很死板而且有点麻烦。现在出现了一个更灵活的工具，像你们介绍一下 pyNmonAnalyzer，它一个可定制化的解决方案来生成结构化的 CSV 文件和基于 [matplotlib][4] 生成图片的简单 HTML 报告。
|
||||
|
||||
### 入门介绍：
|
||||
|
||||
系统需求：
|
||||
从名字中就能看出我们需要有 python。此外 pyNmonAnalyzer 还依赖于 matplotlib 和 numpy。若你使用的是 debian 衍生的系统，则你需要先安装这些包：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-matplotlib
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### 获取 pyNmonAnalyzer：
|
||||
|
||||
你可页克隆 git 仓库：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> git clone git@github.com:madmaze/pyNmonAnalyzer.git
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
直接从这里下载：[pyNmonAnalyzer-0.1.zip][5]
|
||||
|
||||
接下来我们需要一个 Nmon 文件，如果没有的话，可以使用发行版中提供的实例或者自己录制一个样本：`nmon -F test.nmon -s 1 -c 120`，会录制每个 1 秒录制一次，供录制 120 个快照道 test.nmon 文件中 .nmon。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们来看看基本的帮助信息：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> ./pyNmonAnalyzer.py -h
|
||||
usage: pyNmonAnalyzer.py [-h] [-x] [-d] [-o OUTDIR] [-c] [-b] [-r CONFFNAME]
|
||||
input_file
|
||||
|
||||
nmonParser converts Nmon monitor files into time-sorted
|
||||
CSV/Spreadsheets for easier analysis, without the use of the
|
||||
MS Excel Macro. Also included is an option to build an HTML
|
||||
report with graphs, which is configured through report.config.
|
||||
|
||||
positional arguments:
|
||||
input_file Input NMON file
|
||||
|
||||
optional arguments:
|
||||
-h, --help show this help message and exit
|
||||
-x, --overwrite overwrite existing results (Default: False)
|
||||
-d, --debug debug? (Default: False)
|
||||
-o OUTDIR, --output OUTDIR
|
||||
Output dir for CSV (Default: ./data/)
|
||||
-c, --csv CSV output? (Default: False)
|
||||
-b, --buildReport report output? (Default: False)
|
||||
-r CONFFNAME, --reportConfig CONFFNAME
|
||||
Report config file, if none exists: we will write the
|
||||
default config file out (Default: ./report.config)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
该工具有两个主要的选项
|
||||
|
||||
1。将 nmon 文件传唤成一系列独立的 CSV 文件
|
||||
2。使用 matplotlib 生成带图形的 HTML 报告
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
下面命令既会生成 CSV 文件，也会生成 HTML 报告：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$> ./pyNmonAnalyzer.py -c -b test.nmon
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这会常见一个 `。/data` 目录，其中有一个存放 CSV 文件的目录 ("。/data/csv/")，一个存放 PNG 图片的目录 ("。/data/img/") 以及一个 HTML 报告 ("。/data/report.html")。
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，HTML 报告中会用图片展示 CPU，磁盘繁忙度，内存使用情况和网络传输情况。所有这些都定义在一个自解释的配置文件中 ("report.config")。目前这个工具 h 那不是特别的灵活，因为 CPU 和 MEM 除了 on 和 off 外，无法做其他的配置。不过下一步将会改进作图的方法并允许用户灵活地指定针对哪些数据使用哪种作图方法。
|
||||
|
||||
### 报告的例子：
|
||||
|
||||
[![pyNmonAnalyzer Graph output][6]
|
||||
**Click to see the full Report**][7]
|
||||
|
||||
目前这些报告还十分的枯燥而且只能打印出基本的几种标记图表，不过它的功能还在不断的完善中。目前在开发的是一个向导来让配置调整变得更容易。如果有任何建议，找到任何 bug 或者有任何功能需求，欢迎与我交流。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://matthiaslee.com/python-nmon-analyzer-moving-away-from-excel-macros/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Matthias Lee][a]
|
||||
译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://matthiaslee.com/
|
||||
[1]:http://nmon.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:https://matthiaslee.com//content/images/2015/06/nmon_cpudisk.png
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/wikis/display/WikiPtype/nmonanalyser
|
||||
[4]:http://matplotlib.org/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/madmaze/pyNmonAnalyzer/blob/master/release/pyNmonAnalyzer-0.1.zip?raw=true
|
||||
[6]:https://matthiaslee.com//content/images/2017/04/teaser-short_0.png (pyNmonAnalyzer Graph output)
|
||||
[7]:http://matthiaslee.com/pub/pyNmonAnalyzer/data/report.html
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user