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How to Backup and Restore Your Apps and PPAs in Ubuntu Using Aptik
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================================================================================
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If you need to reinstall Ubuntu or if you just want to install a new version from scratch, wouldn’t it be useful to have an easy way to reinstall all your apps and settings? You can easily accomplish this using a free tool called Aptik.
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Aptik (Automated Package Backup and Restore), an application available in Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and other Debian- and Ubuntu-based Linux distributions, allows you to backup a list of installed PPAs (Personal Package Archives), which are software repositories, downloaded packages, installed applications and themes, and application settings to an external USB drive, network drive, or a cloud service like Dropbox.
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NOTE: When we say to type something in this article and there are quotes around the text, DO NOT type the quotes, unless we specify otherwise.
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To install Aptik, you must add the PPA. To do so, press Ctrl + Alt + T to open a Terminal window. Type the following text at the prompt and press Enter.
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sudo apt-add-repository –y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
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Type your password when prompted and press Enter.
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Type the following text at the prompt to make sure the repository is up-to-date.
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sudo apt-get update
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When the update is finished, you are ready to install Aptik. Type the following text at the prompt and press Enter.
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sudo apt-get install aptik
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NOTE: You may see some errors about packages that the update failed to fetch. If they are similar to the ones listed on the following image, you should have no problem installing Aptik.
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The progress of the installation displays and then a message displays saying how much disk space will be used. When asked if you want to continue, type a “y” and press Enter.
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When the installation if finished, close the Terminal window by typing “Exit” and pressing Enter, or by clicking the “X” button in the upper-left corner of the window.
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Before running Aptik, you should set up a backup directory on a USB flash drive, a network drive, or on a cloud account, such as Dropbox or Google Drive. For this example, will will use Dropbox.
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Once your backup directory is set up, click the “Search” button at the top of the Unity Launcher bar.
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Type “aptik” in the search box. Results of the search display as you type. When the icon for Aptik displays, click on it to open the application.
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A dialog box displays asking for your password. Enter your password in the edit box and click “OK.”
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The main Aptik window displays. Select “Other…” from the “Backup Directory” drop-down list. This allows you to select the backup directory you created.
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NOTE: The “Open” button to the right of the drop-down list opens the selected directory in a Files Manager window.
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On the “Backup Directory” dialog box, navigate to your backup directory and then click “Open.”
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NOTE: If you haven’t created a backup directory yet, or you want to add a subdirectory in the selected directory, use the “Create Folder” button to create a new directory.
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To backup the list of installed PPAs, click “Backup” to the right of “Software Sources (PPAs).”
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The “Backup Software Sources” dialog box displays. The list of installed packages and the associated PPA for each displays. Select the PPAs you want to backup, or use the “Select All” button to select all the PPAs in the list.
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Click “Backup” to begin the backup process.
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A dialog box displays when the backup is finished telling you the backup was created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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A file named “ppa.list” will be created in the backup directory.
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The next item, “Downloaded Packages (APT Cache)”, is only useful if you are re-installing the same version of Ubuntu. It backs up the packages in your system cache (/var/cache/apt/archives). If you are upgrading your system, you can skip this step because the packages for the new version of the system will be newer than the packages in the system cache.
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Backing up downloaded packages and then restoring them on the re-installed Ubuntu system will save time and Internet bandwidth when the packages are reinstalled. Because the packages will be available in the system cache once you restore them, the download will be skipped and the installation of the packages will complete more quickly.
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If you are reinstalling the same version of your Ubuntu system, click the “Backup” button to the right of “Downloaded Packages (APT Cache)” to backup the packages in the system cache.
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NOTE: When you backup the downloaded packages, there is no secondary dialog box. The packages in your system cache (/var/cache/apt/archives) are copied to an “archives” directory in the backup directory and a dialog box displays when the backup is finished, indicating that the packages were copied successfully.
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There are some packages that are part of your Ubuntu distribution. These are not checked, since they are automatically installed when you install the Ubuntu system. For example, Firefox is a package that is installed by default in Ubuntu and other similar Linux distributions. Therefore, it will not be selected by default.
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Packages that you installed after installing the system, such as the [package for the Chrome web browser][1] or the package containing Aptik (yes, Aptik is automatically selected to back up), are selected by default. This allows you to easily back up the packages that are not included in the system when installed.
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Select the packages you want to back up and de-select the packages you don’t want to backup. Click “Backup” to the right of “Software Selections” to back up the selected top-level packages.
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NOTE: Dependency packages are not included in this backup.
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Two files, named “packages.list” and “packages-installed.list”, are created in the backup directory and a dialog box displays indicating that the backup was created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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NOTE: The “packages-installed.list” file lists all the packages. The “packages.list” file also lists all the packages, but indicates which ones were selected.
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To backup settings for installed applications, click the “Backup” button to the right of “Application Settings” on the main Aptik window. Select the settings you want to back up and click “Backup”.
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NOTE: Click the “Select All” button if you want to back up all application settings.
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The selected settings files are zipped into a file called “app-settings.tar.gz”.
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When the zipping is complete, the zipped file is copied to the backup directory and a dialog box displays telling you that the backups were created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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Themes from the “/usr/share/themes” directory and icons from the “/usr/share/icons” directory can also be backed up. To do so, click the “Backup” button to the right of “Themes and Icons”. The “Backup Themes” dialog box displays with all the themes and icons selected by default. De-select any themes or icons you don’t want to back up and click “Backup.”
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The themes are zipped and copied to a “themes” directory in the backup directory and the icons are zipped and copied to an “icons” directory in the backup directory. A dialog box displays telling you that the backups were created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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Once you’ve completed the desired backups, close Aptik by clicking the “X” button in the upper-left corner of the main window.
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Your backup files are available in the backup directory you chose.
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When you re-install your Ubuntu system or install a new version of Ubuntu, install Aptik on the newly installed system and make the backup files you generated available to the system. Run Aptik and use the “Restore” button for each item to restore your PPAs, applications, packages, settings, themes, and icons.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.howtogeek.com/206454/how-to-backup-and-restore-your-apps-and-ppas-in-ubuntu-using-aptik/
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作者：Lori Kaufman
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/203768
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How To Install Kodi 14 (XBMC) In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17
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================================================================================
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[Kodi][1], formerly and popularly known as XBMC, has [released its latest version 14][2] which is code named Helix. It is fairly easy to **install Kodi 14 in Ubuntu 14.04** thanks to the official PPA provided by XBMC.
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For those who do not know already, Kodi is a media center application available for all major platforms like Windows, Linux, Mac, Android etc. It turns your device in to a full screen media center where you can manage all your music and videos, either on local or on network drive, watch You Tube, [Netflix][3], Hulu, Amazon Prime and other streaming services.
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### Install XBMC 14 Kodi Helix in Ubuntu 14.04, 14.10 and Linux Mint 17 ###
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Thanks to the official PPA, you can easily install Kodi 14 in Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu 12.04, Linux Mint 17, Pinguy OS 14.04, Deepin 2014, LXLE 14.04, Linux Lite 2.0, Elementary OS and other Ubuntu based Linux distributions. Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following commands:
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:team-xbmc/ppa
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install kodi
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The download size would be around 100 MB, which is not huge in my opinion. To install some encode addons, use the command below:
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sudo apt-get install kodi-audioencoder-* kodi-pvr-*
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#### Remove Kodi 14 from Ubuntu ####
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To uninstall Kodi 14 from your system, use the command below:
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sudo apt-get remove kodi
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You should also remove the PPA from the software sources:
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sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:team-xbmc/ppa
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I hope this quick post helped you to install Kodi 14 in Ubuntu, Linux Mint and other Linux. How do you find Kodi 14 Helix? Do you use some other media center as an alternative to XBMC? Do share your views in the comment section.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://itsfoss.com/install-kodi-14-xbmc-in-ubuntu-14-04-linux-mint-17/
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作者：[Abhishek][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
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[1]:http://kodi.tv/
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[2]:http://kodi.tv/kodi-14-0-helix-unwinds/
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[3]:http://itsfoss.com/watch-netflix-in-ubuntu-14-04/
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How To Install Winusb In Ubuntu 14.04
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================================================================================
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[WinUSB][1] is a simple and useful tool that lets you create USB stick Windows installer from the Windows ISO image or DVD. It comprises of both GUI and command line tool and you can decide to choose which to use based on your preference.
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In this quick post we shall see **how to install WinUSB in Ubuntu 14.04, 14.10 and Linux Mint 17**.
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### Install WinUSB in Ubuntu 14.04 and Ubuntu 14.10 ###
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Until Ubuntu 13.10, WinUSB was developed actively and it was available for installation via its official PPA. This PPA has not been updated for Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr and 14.10 but the binaries are still there and works fine in newer version of Ubuntu and Linux Mint. Based on [whether your Ubuntu system is 32 bit or 64 bit][2], use the command below to download the binaries:
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Open a terminal and use the following command for 32 bit system:
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wget https://launchpad.net/~colingille/+archive/freshlight/+files/winusb_1.0.11+saucy1_i386.deb
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For 64 bit systems, use the command below:
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wget https://launchpad.net/~colingille/+archive/freshlight/+files/winusb_1.0.11+saucy1_amd64.deb
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Once you have downloaded the correct binaries, you can install WinUSB using the command below:
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sudo dpkg -i winusb*
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Don’t worry if you see error when you try to install WinUSB. Fix the dependency errors with this command:
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sudo apt-get -f install
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Afterwards, you can search for WinUSB in Unity Dash and use it to create a live USB of Windows in Ubuntu 14.04.
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I hope this quick post helped you to **install WinUSB in Ubuntu 14.04, 14.10 and Linux Mint 17**.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://itsfoss.com/install-winusb-in-ubuntu-14-04/
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作者：[Abhishek][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
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[1]:http://en.congelli.eu/prog_info_winusb.html
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[2]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/
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Ubuntu apt-get & apt-cache commands with practical examples
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================================================================================
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Apt-get & apt-cache are the command line **package management** utility in **Ubuntu Linux**. GUI version of apt-get command is the Synaptic Package Manager, in this post we are going to discuss 15 different examples of apt-get & apt-cache commands.
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### Example:1 List of all the available packages ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache pkgnames
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account-plugin-yahoojp
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ceph-fuse
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dvd+rw-tools
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e3
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gnome-commander-data
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grub-gfxpayload-lists
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gweled
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.......................................
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### Example:2 Search Packages using keywords ###
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This command is very helpful when you are not sure about package name , just enter the keyword and apt-get command will list packages related to the keyword.
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache search "web server"
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apache2 - Apache HTTP Server
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apache2-bin - Apache HTTP Server (binary files and modules)
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apache2-data - Apache HTTP Server (common files)
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apache2-dbg - Apache debugging symbols
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apache2-dev - Apache HTTP Server (development headers)
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apache2-doc - Apache HTTP Server (on-site documentation)
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apache2-utils - Apache HTTP Server (utility programs for web servers)
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......................................................................
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**Note**: If you have installed “**apt-file**” package then we can also search the package using config files as shown below :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-file search nagios.cfg
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ganglia-nagios-bridge: /usr/share/doc/ganglia-nagios-bridge/nagios.cfg
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nagios3-common: /etc/nagios3/nagios.cfg
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nagios3-common: /usr/share/doc/nagios3-common/examples/nagios.cfg.gz
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pnp4nagios-bin: /etc/pnp4nagios/nagios.cfg
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pnp4nagios-bin: /usr/share/doc/pnp4nagios/examples/nagios.cfg
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### Example:3 Display the basic information of Specific package. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache show postfix
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Package: postfix
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Priority: optional
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Section: mail
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Installed-Size: 3524
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Maintainer: LaMont Jones <lamont@debian.org>
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Architecture: amd64
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Version: 2.11.1-1
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Replaces: mail-transport-agent
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Provides: default-mta, mail-transport-agent
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.....................................................
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### Example:4 List the dependency of Package. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache depends postfix
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postfix
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Depends: libc6
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Depends: libdb5.3
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Depends: libsasl2-2
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Depends: libsqlite3-0
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Depends: libssl1.0.0
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|Depends: debconf
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Depends: <debconf-2.0>
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cdebconf
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debconf
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Depends: netbase
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Depends: adduser
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Depends: dpkg
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............................................
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### Example:5 Display the Cache Statistics using apt-cache. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ apt-cache stats
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Total package names: 60877 (1,218 k)
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Total package structures: 102824 (5,758 k)
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Normal packages: 71285
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Pure virtual packages: 1102
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Single virtual packages: 9151
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Mixed virtual packages: 1827
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Missing: 19459
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Total distinct versions: 74913 (5,394 k)
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Total distinct descriptions: 93792 (2,251 k)
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Total dependencies: 573443 (16.1 M)
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Total ver/file relations: 78007 (1,872 k)
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Total Desc/File relations: 93792 (2,251 k)
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Total Provides mappings: 16583 (332 k)
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Total globbed strings: 171 (2,263 )
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Total dependency version space: 2,665 k
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Total slack space: 37.3 k
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Total space accounted for: 29.5 M
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### Example:6 Update the package repository using “apt-get update” ###
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Using the command “apt-get update” , we can resynchronize the package index files from their sources repository. Package index are retrieved from the file located at “/etc/apt/sources.list”
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get update
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Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release.gpg
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Sources
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main amd64 Packages
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Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main i386 Packages
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Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
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Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com utopic-updates InRelease
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Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com utopic-backports InRelease
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................................................................
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### Example:7 Install a package using apt-get command. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get install icinga
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In the above example we are installing a package named “icinga”
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### Example:8 Upgrade all the Installed Packages ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
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### Example:9 Upgrade a Particular Package. ###
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“install” option along with “–only-upgrade” in apt-get command is used to upgrade a particular package , example is shown below :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get install filezilla --only-upgrade
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### Example:10 Removing a package using apt-get command. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get remove skype
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Above command will remove or delete the skype package only , if you want to delete its config files then use the “purge” option in the apt-get command. Example is shown below :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get purge skype
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We can also use the combination of above commands :
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get remove --purge skype
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### Example:11 Download the package in the Current Working Directory ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get download icinga
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Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic/universe icinga amd64 1.11.6-1build1 [1,474 B]
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Fetched 1,474 B in 1s (1,363 B/s)
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Above command will download icinga package in your current working directory.
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### Example:12 Clear disk Space used by retrieved package files. ###
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get clean
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Above Command will clear the disk space used by apt-get command while retrieving(download) packages.
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We can also use “**autoclean**” option in place of “**clean**“, the main difference between them is that autoclean removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely useless.
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linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get autoclean
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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### Example:13 Remove Packages using “autoremove” option. ###
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When we use “autoremove” option with apt-get command , then it will remove the packages that were installed to satisfy the dependency of other packages and are now no longer needed or used.
|
||||
|
||||
linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove icinga
|
||||
|
||||
### Example:14 Display Changelog of a Package. ###
|
||||
|
||||
linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get changelog apache2
|
||||
Get:1 Changelog for apache2 (http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/a/apache2/apache2_2.4.10-1ubuntu1/changelog) [195 kB]
|
||||
Fetched 195 kB in 3s (60.9 kB/s)
|
||||
|
||||
Above Command will download the changelog of apache2 package and will display through sensible-pager on your screen.
|
||||
|
||||
### Example:15 List broken dependencies using “check” option ###
|
||||
|
||||
linuxtechi@localhost:~$ sudo apt-get check
|
||||
Reading package lists... Done
|
||||
Building dependency tree
|
||||
Reading state information... Done
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/ubuntu-apt-get-apt-cache-commands-examples/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user