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Translating by GOLinux...
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How to configure chroot SFTP in Linux
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在Linux中为SFTP配置chroot环境
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================================================================================
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There are **some scenario** where system admin wants only few users should be allowed to transfer files to Linux boxes not ssh. We can achieve this by setting up **SFTP** in chroot environment.
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在**某些环境**中，系统管理员想要允许极少数用户传输文件到Linux盒子中，而非ssh。要实现这一目的，我们可以使用**SFTP**，并为其构建chroot环境。
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### Background of SFTP & chroot : ###
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### SFTP & chroot背景： ###
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**SFTP** stands for **SSH File Transfer protocol or Secure File Transfer Protocol**. SFTP provides file access, file transfer, and file management functionalities over any reliable data stream. When we configure SFTP in chroot environment , then only allowed users will be limited to their **home directory** , or we can say allowed users will be in jail like environment where they can’t even change their directory.
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**SFTP**是值**SSH文件传输协议（SSH File Transfer protocol）或安全文件传输协议（Secure File Transfer Protocol）**，它提供了任何可信数据流下的文件访问、文件传输以及文件管理功能。当我们为SFTP配置chroot环境后，只有被许可的用户可以访问，并被限制到它们的**家目录**中，或者我们可以这么说：被许可的用户将处于牢笼环境中，在此环境中它们甚至不能切换它们的目录。
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In article we will configure **Chroot SFTP in RHEL 6.X** & **CentOS 6.X**. We have one user ‘**Jack**’ , this users will be allowed to transfer files on linux box but no ssh access.
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在本文中，我们将配置**RHEL 6.X** & **CentOS 6.X中的SFTP Chroot环境**。我们开启一个用户帐号‘**Jack**’，该用户将被允许在Linux盒子上传输文件，但没有ssh访问权限。
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### Step:1 Create a group ###
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### 步骤：1 创建组 ###
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[root@localhost ~]# groupadd sftp_users
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### Step:2 Assign the secondary group(sftp_users) to the user. ###
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### 步骤：2 分配附属组(sftp_users)给用户 ###
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If the users doesn’t exist on system , use below command :
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如果用户在系统上不存在，使用以下命令创建：
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[root@localhost ~]# useradd -G sftp_users -s /sbin/nologin jack
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[root@localhost ~]# passwd jack
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For **already existing users** , use below usermod command :
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对于**已经存在的用户**，使用以下usermod命令进行修改：
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[root@localhost ~]# usermod –G sftp_users -s /sbin/nologin jack
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**Note** : if you want to change the **default home directory** of users , then use ‘**-d**’ option in useradd and usermod command and set the **correct permissions**.
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**注意**：如果你想要修改用户的**默认家目录**，那么在useradd和usermod命令中使用‘**-d**’选项，并设置**合适的权限**。
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### Step:3 Now edit the config file “/etc/ssh/sshd_config” ###
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### 步骤：3 现在编辑配置文件 “/etc/ssh/sshd_config” ###
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# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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#comment out the below line and add a line like below
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@ -40,42 +39,42 @@ For **already existing users** , use below usermod command :
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ChrootDirectory %h
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ForceCommand internal-sftp
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#### Where : ####
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#### 此处： ####
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- **Match Group sftp_users** – This indicates that the following lines will be matched only for users who belong to group sftp_users
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- **ChrootDirectory %h** – This is the path(default user's home directory) that will be used for chroot after the user is authenticated. So, for Jack, this will be /home/jack.
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- **ForceCommand internal-sftp** – This forces the execution of the internal-sftp and ignores any command that are mentioned in the ~/.ssh/rc file.
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- **Match Group sftp_users** – 该参数指定以下的行将仅仅匹配sftp_users组中的用户
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- **ChrootDirectory %h** – 该参数指定用户验证后用于chroot环境的路径（默认的用户家目录）。对于Jack，该路径就是/home/jack。
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- **ForceCommand internal-sftp** – 该参数强制执行内部sftp，并忽略任何~/.ssh/rc文件中的命令。
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Restart the ssh service
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重启ssh服务
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# service sshd restart
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### Step:4 Set the Permissions : ###
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### 步骤：4 设置权限： ###
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[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 /home/jack
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[root@localhost ~]# chown root /home/jack
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[root@localhost ~]# chgrp -R sftp_users /home/jack
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If You want that jack user should be allowed to upload files , then create a upload folder with the below permissions ,
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如果你想要允许jack用户上传文件，那么创建一个上传文件夹，设置权限如下：
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[root@localhost jack]# mkdir /home/jack/upload
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[root@localhost jack]# chown jack. /home/jack upload/
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### Step:5 Now try to access the system & do testing ###
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### 步骤：5 现在尝试访问系统并进行测试 ###
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Try to access the system via ssh
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尝试通过ssh访问系统
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As You can see below jack user is logged in via SFTP and can't change the directory becuase of chroot environment.
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正如下图所示，用户jack通过SFTP登录，而且因为chroot环境不能切换目录。
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Now do the **uploading and downloading** testing as shown below:
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现在进行**上传和下载**测试，如下图：
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As we can see above , both uploading & downloading working fine for jack user.
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正如上图所示，jack用户的上传下载功能都工作得很好。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/configure-chroot-sftp-in-linux/
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原文作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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