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Translated:How to simulate key presses and mouse movement in Linux.md
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Translating by GOLinux ...
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How to simulate key press and mouse movement in Linux
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================================================================================
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Have you ever dreamed of your computer doing stuff automatically for you? Probably not if you just watched Terminator. But except for that, scripting and task automation are every power user's dreams. If a lot of solutions exist today to fit such goal, it is sometimes hard to pick the simple, smart, and efficient one out of the lot. I cannot pretend to have found it myself, but in the mean time, my preference goes to neat software called xdotool. Its approach is intuitive as it stands as an X11 automation tool. In other words, xdotool can simulate key presses and even mouse events from reading a text file.
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### Installation of Xdotool on Linux ###
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For Ubuntu, Debian or Linux Mint, you can just do:
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$ sudo apt-get install xdotool
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For Fedora, use yum command:
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$ sudo yum install xdotool
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For CentOS user, the package is available in [EPEL repo][1]. After enabling EPEL repo, simply use yum command as above.
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For Arch user, the package is available in the Community repo:
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$ sudo pacman -S xdotool
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If you cannot find xdotool for your distribution, you can always download it from the [official website][2].
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### Basic Usage of Xdotool ###
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As intuitive as it is, xdotool remains a scripting application. Hence you have to know the syntax in order to use it properly. Rest assured though, the syntax is very simple and quick to pick up, relative to the extent of the program's features.
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First, it is very easy to simulate key press. From the terminal, you can type the command:
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$ xdotool key [name of the key]
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If you want to chain two keys, use the "+" operator between them. So:
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$ xdotool key alt+Tab
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will switch window for you.
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To have xdotool type for you, use the type command:
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$ xdotool type ''
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That's already enough for basic key pressing. But one of the many strengths of xdotool is its ability to put the focus on a particular window. It can fetch the right window, and then type in it, preventing all your recorded keystrokes to just vaporize in thin air. For this, the simplest command is:
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$ xdotool search --name [name of the window] key [keys to press]
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This will search through the opened window for one with the name matching the search, give it the focus, and then simulate the key pressing.
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A bit more advanced, but very useful, xdotool can simulate mouse movement and click. With:
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$ xdotool mousemove x y
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you can place the cursor at coordinates (x,y) of your screen (in pixels). You can also combine it with the "click" argument:
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$ xdotool mousemove x y click 1
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This will move the mouse to (x,y), and click with the left button. The "1" represents the left button of the mouse, "2" would be the scroll wheel, "3" the right button, etc.
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Finally, once you have your commands in mind, you might want to actually dump it in a file to edit and play. For that, there is more than one syntax. You can write is a bash script:
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#!/bin/bash
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xdotool [command 1]
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xdotool [command 2]
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etc
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Or you can use:
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$ xdotool [filename]
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where you write your commands in a separate file and plug its name as the argument.
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### Bonus ###
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As a bonus to this post, here is a concrete example of xdotool in action. You may or may not have heard of Bing, the Microsoft's search engine. In the latter case, you have then never heard of Bing Rewards: a program that allows you to trade Bing points for Amazon's and other gift cards. To earn those points, you can do up to 30 searches a day on Bing, each search giving you 0.5 point. In other words, you have to make Bing your default search engine, and use it every day.
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Or, you can use this xdotool script, which will automatically give focus to Firefox (replace it with your favorite navigator), and perform a search using the fortune command to generate some random words. In about 30 seconds, all your daily searches will be done.
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#!/bin/bash
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for i in {1..30}
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do
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WID=`xdotool search --title "Mozilla Firefox" | head -1`
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xdotool windowfocus $WID
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xdotool key ctrl+l
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xdotool key Tab
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SENTENCE="$(fortune | cut -d' ' -f1-3 | head -1)"
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xdotool type $SENTENCE
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xdotool key "Return"
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sleep 4
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done
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To conclude, I really like xdotool even if its full capabilities extend way beyond the scope of this post. It is a really approachable way to scripting and task automation. The downside is that it probably is not the most efficient one. But again, it does the job, and isn't too much of a bother to learn.
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What are your thoughts on xdotool? Do you prefer another automation tool to it? And why? Let us know in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/simulate-key-press-mouse-movement-linux.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
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[2]:http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/xdotool/
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@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
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在Linux中模拟击键和鼠标移动
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================================================================================
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你是否曾经拥有一个梦
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——你的计算机
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可以自动为你干活？
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或许，并非因为
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你刚看了终结者。
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然而，除此之外
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脚本和任务自动化
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是每个高级用户追寻的梦
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如果今天
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有许多的解决方案
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可以满足这个目标
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那么
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有时候
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就难以从那众多之中采撷那
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简洁、聪明而又高效的一个
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我
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不能假装
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是我自己发现了它
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而与此同时
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却偏爱着那个
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整洁的软体——xdotool
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其方法是如此直观
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正如它作为X11自动化工具的表露
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转换思想
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xdotool可以通过读取文本文件
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模拟击键的旋律
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以及鼠标的曼舞
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### 让Xdotool在Linux定居 ###
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对于Ubuntu，Debian或者Linux Mint，你能够只做：
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$ sudo apt-get install xdotool
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对于Fedora，请使用yum命令：
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$ sudo yum install xdotool
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对于CentOS用户，可以在[EPEL repo][1]中找到该包。在启用EPEL仓库后，只要使用上面的yum命令就可以达成你的愿望。
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对于Arch用户，可在Community仓库中找到该包：
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$ sudo pacman -S xdotool
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如果你还是找不到你的发行版的对应xdotool，你可以从它的[官方站点][2]下载。
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### Xdotool基本功 ###
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虽然xdotool是那样的直观，但它仍然是个脚本程序。因此，为了要正确地使用它，你还是得了解它的语法。不过敬请放心，相对于程序的功能而言，语法还是比较简单易学的。
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首先，模拟击键是很容易的。你可以从终端敲入下面的命令：
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$ xdotool key [name of the key]
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如果你想要连接两个键，可以在它们之间使用“+”操作符。它看起来像这样：
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$ xdotool key alt+Tab
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这两个组合键可以为你切换窗口。
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要想让xdotool帮你输入，可以使用以下命令：
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$ xdotool type ''
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这些对于基本的击键而言已经足够了。但是，xdotool的众多长处之一，就是它可以获取特定窗口的焦点。它可以获取右边的窗口，然后在里面输入，同时阻止所有你记录的按键，让那些动作随风而逝吧。要获得该功能，一个简单的命令可以搞定：
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$ xdotool search --name [name of the window] key [keys to press]
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该命令将在打开的窗口中搜索对应名称的窗口，并聚焦于该窗口，然后模拟击键。
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来点更高级的，但很有用哦，xdotool可以模拟鼠标移动和点击，看这命令：
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$ xdotool mousemove x y
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你可以将光标定位到屏幕坐标（x，y）（像素）。你也可以使用“click”参数来组合：
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$ xdotool mousemove x y click 1
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这会让鼠标移动到（x，y），然后点击鼠标左键。“1”代表鼠标左键，“2”则是滚轮，“3”则是右键。
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最后，一旦你这些命令根植于你脑海，你也许想要实际转储于文件来编辑并试着玩玩。鉴于此，就会有超过一个语句以上的内容了。你可以写的就是一个bash脚本了：
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#!/bin/bash
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xdotool [command 1]
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xdotool [command 2]
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etc
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或者你可以使用：
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$ xdotool [filename]
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这里你将命令写入到一个独立的文件中，然后通过将文件名作为xdotool命令的参数。
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### 意外收获 ###
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作为本文的一个意外收获，这里是xdotool的一个具体实例。你可能听说过，也可能没听说过Bing，微软的搜索引擎。在后面的实例中，你从没听过Bing奖励吧：一个程序，可以让你用Bing积分兑取亚马逊的礼物卡和其它的一些礼物卡。要赚取这些积分，你可以每天在Bing上搜索累计达30次，每次搜索你都会获得0.5个积分。换句话说，你必须把Bing设为默认搜索引擎，并每天使用它。
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或者，你可以使用xdotool脚本，在这个脚本中，会自动聚焦到Firefox（你可以用你喜欢的浏览器来取代它），并使用fortune命令生成一些随机单词来实施搜索。大约30秒之内，你的日常搜索任务就完成了。
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#!/bin/bash
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for i in {1..30}
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do
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WID=`xdotool search --title "Mozilla Firefox" | head -1`
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xdotool windowfocus $WID
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xdotool key ctrl+l
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xdotool key Tab
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SENTENCE="$(fortune | cut -d' ' -f1-3 | head -1)"
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xdotool type $SENTENCE
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xdotool key "Return"
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sleep 4
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done
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下面来个小结吧：我真的很喜欢xdotool，即便它完整功能超越了本文涵盖的范围。这对于脚本和任务自动化而言，确实是种平易的方式。负面的问题是，它可能不是最有效率的一个。但我要再说一遍，它忠于职守了，而且学习起来也不是那么麻烦。
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你对xdotool怎么看呢？你是否更喜欢另外一个自动化工具，而不是它呢？为什么呢？请在评论中告诉我们吧。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/simulate-key-press-mouse-movement-linux.html
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
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[2]:http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/xdotool/
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