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MariaDB administration commands for beginners
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======
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Earlier we have learned to [**install & secure MariaDB server on Centos/RHEL 7**][1], which is now the default database of RHEL/CentOS 7 onwards.We will now discuss some useful MariaDB administration commands. These are some very basic commands that will get you started with using MariaDB & these can also be used with MySQL, since Mariadb is forked out version of MySQL only.
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**(Recommended Read:[MongoDB installation & configuration on RHEL/CentOS][2])**
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## MariaDB Administration Commands
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### Checking version of your MariaDB installation
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To check the current version of your DB installation, type following command in your terminal
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```
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$ mysql -version
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```
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This command provide you with the current version of DB. Alternatively you can also run below mentioned command for detailed view on version,
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```
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$ mysqladmin -u root -p version
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```
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### Logging into mariadb
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To log into the mariadb server, run
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```
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$ mysql -u root -p
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```
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& then enter password to login to the session.
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### Showing all database
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To show all the databases that your maridb currently has, run
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```
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$ show databases;
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```
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after you are logged into mariadb.
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### Creating new databases
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To create a new database in mariadb, run
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```
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$ create database dan;
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```
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when logged into mariabdb. To create a database directly from terminal, run
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```
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$ mysqladmin -u user -p create dan
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```
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Here, **dan** is the name of the new database.
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### Deleting a database
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To delete a database, run
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```
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$ drop database dan;
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```
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from the logged in session of mariadb. Alternatively you can also use,
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```
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$ mysqladmin -u root -p drop dan
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```
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**Note:-** If you are getting an 'access denied' error while running the mysqladmin commands, that might be because we have not given rights to root. To do so, run the command mentioned in point 7, replacing name of the user with root.
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### Creating new user
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To create a new user for database, run
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```
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$ CREATE USER 'dan'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
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```
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### Granting access to user for a database
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For providing access to user for a single database, run
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```
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$ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test.* to 'dan'@'localhost';
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```
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This will provide user dan complete access over database named test. We can also grant SELECT, INSERT , DELETE permissions to user.
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To provide access to all database, replace test with * i.e.
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```
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$ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* to 'dan'@'localhost';
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```
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### Creating backup/dump of database
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To create of a single database, run the following command from your terminal window,
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```
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$ mysqldump -u root -p database_name>db_backup.sql
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```
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To create backup of multiple databases in single command,
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```
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$ mysqldump -u root -p - - databases db1 db2 > db12_backup.sql
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```
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To create dump of all databases in single command,
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```
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$ mysqldump -u root -p - - all-databases >all_dbs.sql
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```
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### Restoring database from the dump
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To restore database from a dump, run
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```
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$ mysql -u root -p database_name<db_backup.sql
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```
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But this command will work only when there is no previous database by the same name. if you want to restore database data to any already created database, we need to use 'mysqlimport ' command,
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```
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$ mysqlimport -u root -p database_name<db_backup.sql
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```
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### Changing password for a user in mariadb
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We are going to change password of 'root' for this example but you can use the below process to change password of any user,
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Login into mariadb& select 'mysql' database ,
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```
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$ mysql -u root -p
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$ use mysql;
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```
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& then run the following ,
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```
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$ update user set password=PASSWORD( 'your_new_password_here') where User='root';
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```
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Next, reload the privileges,
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```
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$ flush privileges;
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```
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& then exit the session.
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This was our tutorial on some useful MariaDB administration commands. Please do leave your comments or suggestions in the comment box below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/mariadb-administration-commands-beginners/
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作者：[Shusain ][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
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[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/installing-configuring-mariadb-rhelcentos/
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[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/mongodb-installation-configuration-rhelcentos/
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@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
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为初学者准备的 MariaDB 管理命令
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======
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之前我们学过了[在 Centos/RHEL 7 上安装 MariaDB 服务器并保证其安全 ][1]，使之成为了 RHEL/CentOS 7 的默认数据库。现在我们再来看看一些有用的 MariaDB 管理命令。这些都是些使用 MariaDB 最基础的命令，而且他们对 MySQL 也同样适合，因为 Mariadb 就是 MySQL 的一个分支而已。
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**(推荐阅读：[在 RHEL/CentOS 上安装并配置 MongoDB][2])**
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## MariaDB 管理命令
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### 查看 MariaDB 安装的版本
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要查看所安装数据库的当前版本，在终端中输入下面命令
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```
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$ mysql -version
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```
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该命令会告诉你数据库的当前版本。此外你也可以运行下面命令来查看版本的详细信息，
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```
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$ mysqladmin -u root -p version
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```
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### 登陆 mariadb
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要登陆 mariadb 服务器，运行
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```
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$ mysql -u root -p
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```
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然后输入密码登陆
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### 列出所有的数据库
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要列出 maridb 当前拥有的所有数据库，在你登陆到 mariadb 中后运行
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```
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$ show databases;
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```
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### 创建新数据库
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在 mariadb 中创建新数据库，登陆 mariabdb 后运行
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```
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$ create database dan;
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```
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若想直接在终端创建数据库，则运行
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```
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$ mysqladmin -u user -p create dan
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```
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这里，**dan** 就是新数据库的名词
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### 删除数据库
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要删除数据库，在已登陆的 mariadb 会话中运行
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```
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$ drop database dan;
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```
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此外你也可以运行，
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```
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$ mysqladmin -u root -p drop dan
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```
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**注意：-** 若在运行 mysqladmin 命令时提示 'access denied' 错误，这应该是由于我们没有给 root 授权。要对 root 授权，请参照第 7 点方法，只是要将用户改成 root。
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### 创建新用户
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为数据库创建新用户，运行
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```
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$ CREATE USER 'dan'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
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```
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### 授权用户访问某个数据库
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授权用户访问某个数据库，运行
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```
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$ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test。* to 'dan'@'localhost';
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```
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这会赋予用户 dan 对名为 test 的数据库完全操作的权限。我们也可以限定为用户只赋予 SELECT，INSERT，DELETE 权限。
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要赋予访问所有数据库的权限，将 test 替换成 * .像这样。
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```
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$ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *。* to 'dan'@'localhost';
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```
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### 备份/导出 数据库
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要创建单个数据库的备份，在终端窗口中运行下列命令，
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```
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$ mysqldump -u root -p database_name>db_backup.sql
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```
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若要一次性创建多个数据库的备份则运行，
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```
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$ mysqldump -u root -p - - databases db1 db2 > db12_backup.sql
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```
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要一次性导出多个数据库，则运行，
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```
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$ mysqldump -u root -p - - all-databases >all_dbs.sql
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```
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### 从备份中恢复数据库
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要从备份中恢复数据库，运行
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```
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$ mysql -u root -p database_name<db_backup.sql
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```
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但这条命令成功的前提是预先没有存在同名的数据库。如果想要恢复数据库数据到已经存在的数据库中，则需要用到 'mysqlimport' 命令，
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```
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$ mysqlimport -u root -p database_name<db_backup.sql
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```
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### 更改 mariadb 用户的密码
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本例中我们会修改 ‘root’ 的密码，但修改其他用户的密码也是一样的过程，
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登陆 mariadb 并切换到 'mysql' 数据库，
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```
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$ mysql -u root -p
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$ use mysql;
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```
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然后运行下面命令，
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```
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$ update user set password=PASSWORD( 'your_new_password_here') where User='root';
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```
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下一步，重新加载权限，
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```
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$ flush privileges;
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```
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然后退出会话。
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我们的教程至此就结束了，在本教程中我们学习了一些有用的 MariaDB 管理命令。欢迎您的留言。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/mariadb-administration-commands-beginners/
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作者：[Shusain ][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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||||
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||||
[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
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[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/installing-configuring-mariadb-rhelcentos/
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[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/mongodb-installation-configuration-rhelcentos/
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