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翻译完成 20180906 How To Limit Network Bandwidth In Linux Using Wondershaper
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How To Limit Network Bandwidth In Linux Using Wondershaper
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======
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This tutorial will help you to easily limit network bandwidth and shape your network traffic in Unix-like operating systems. By limiting the network bandwidth usage, you can save unnecessary bandwidth consumption’s by applications, such as package managers (pacman, yum, apt), web browsers, torrent clients, download managers etc., and prevent the bandwidth abuse by a single or multiple users in the network. For the purpose of this tutorial, we will be using a command line utility named **Wondershaper**. Trust me, it is not that hard as you may think. It is one of the easiest and quickest way ever I have come across to limit the Internet or local network bandwidth usage in your own Linux system. Read on.
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Please be mindful that the aforementioned utility can only limit the incoming and outgoing traffic of your local network interfaces, not the interfaces of your router or modem. In other words, Wondershaper will only limit the network bandwidth in your local system itself, not any other systems in the network. These utility is mainly designed for limiting the bandwidth of one or more network adapters in your local system. Hope you got my point.
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Let us see how to use Wondershaper to shape the network traffic.
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### Limit Network Bandwidth In Linux Using Wondershaper
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**Wondershaper** is simple script used to limit the bandwidth of your system’s network adapter(s). It limits the bandwidth iproute’s tc command, but greatly simplifies its operation.
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**Installing Wondershaper**
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To install the latest version, git clone wondershaoer repository:
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```
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$ git clone https://github.com/magnific0/wondershaper.git
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```
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Go to the wondershaper directory and install it as show below
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```
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$ cd wondershaper
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$ sudo make install
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```
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And, run the following command to start wondershaper service automatically on every reboot.
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```
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$ sudo systemctl enable wondershaper.service
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$ sudo systemctl start wondershaper.service
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```
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You can also install using your distribution’s package manager (official or non-official) if you don’t mind the latest version.
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Wondershaper is available in [**AUR**][1], so you can install it in Arch-based systems using AUR helper programs such as [**Yay**][2].
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```
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$ yay -S wondershaper-git
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```
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On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install wondershaper
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```
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On Fedora:
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```
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$ sudo dnf install wondershaper
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```
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On RHEL, CentOS, enable EPEL repository and install wondershaper as shown below.
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```
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$ sudo yum install epel-release
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$ sudo yum install wondershaper
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```
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Finally, start wondershaper service automatically on every reboot.
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```
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$ sudo systemctl enable wondershaper.service
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$ sudo systemctl start wondershaper.service
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```
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**Usage**
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First, find the name of your network interface. Here are some common ways to find the details of a network card.
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```
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$ ip addr
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$ route
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$ ifconfig
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```
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Once you find the network card name, you can limit the bandwidth rate as shown below.
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -a <adapter> -d <rate> -u <rate>
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```
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For instance, if your network card name is **enp0s8** and you wanted to limit the bandwidth to **1024 Kbps** for **downloads** and **512 kbps** for **uploads** , the command would be:
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -a enp0s8 -d 1024 -u 512
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```
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Where,
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* **-a** : network card name
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* **-d** : download rate
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* **-u** : upload rate
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To clear the limits from a network adapter, simply run:
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -c -a enp0s8
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```
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Or
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -c enp0s8
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```
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Just in case, there are more than one network card available in your system, you need to manually set the download/upload rates for each network interface card as described above.
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If you have installed Wondershaper by cloning its GitHub repository, there is a configuration named **wondershaper.conf** exists in **/etc/conf.d/** location. Make sure you have set the download or upload rates by modifying the appropriate values(network card name, download/upload rate) in this file.
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```
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$ sudo nano /etc/conf.d/wondershaper.conf
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[wondershaper]
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# Adapter
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#
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IFACE="eth0"
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# Download rate in Kbps
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#
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DSPEED="2048"
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# Upload rate in Kbps
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#
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USPEED="512"
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```
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Here is the sample before Wondershaper:
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After enabling Wondershaper:
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As you can see, the download rate has been tremendously reduced after limiting the bandwidth using WOndershaper in my Ubuntu 18.o4 LTS server.
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For more details, view the help section by running the following command:
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```
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$ wondershaper -h
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```
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Or, refer man pages.
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```
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$ man wondershaper
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```
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As far as tested, Wondershaper worked just fine as described above. Give it a try and let us know what do you think about this utility.
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And, that’s all for now. Hope this was useful. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned.
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Cheers!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-limit-network-bandwidth-in-linux-using-wondershaper/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/wondershaper-git/
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/yay-found-yet-another-reliable-aur-helper/
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@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
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在 Linux 中使用 Wondershaper 限制网络带宽
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======
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以下内容将向你介绍如何轻松对网络带宽做出限制，并在类 Unix 操作系统中对网络流量进行优化。通过限制网络带宽，可以节省应用程序不必要的带宽消耗，包括软件包管理器（pacman、yum、apt）、web 浏览器、torrent 客户端、下载管理器等，并防止单个或多个用户滥用网络带宽。在本文当中，将会介绍 Wondershaper 这一个实用的命令行程序，这是我认为限制 Linux 系统 Internet 或本地网络带宽的最简单、最快捷的方式之一。
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请注意，Wondershaper 只能限制本地网络接口的传入和传出流量，而不能限制路由器或调制解调器的接口。换句话说，Wondershaper 只会限制本地系统本身的网络带宽，而不会限制网络中的其它系统。因此 Wondershaper 主要用于限制本地系统中一个或多个网卡的带宽。
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下面来看一下 Wondershaper 是如何优化网络流量的。
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### 在 Linux 中使用 Wondershaper 限制网络带宽
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`wondershaper` 是用于显示系统网卡网络带宽的简单脚本。它使用了 `iproute` 和 `tc` 命令，但大大简化了操作过程。
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**安装 Wondershaper**
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使用 `git clone` 克隆 Wondershaper 的版本库就可以安装最新版本：
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```
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$ git clone https://github.com/magnific0/wondershaper.git
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```
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按照以下命令进入 `wondershaper` 目录并安装：
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```
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$ cd wondershaper
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$ sudo make install
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```
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然后执行以下命令，可以让 `wondershaper` 在每次系统启动时都自动开始服务：
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```
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$ sudo systemctl enable wondershaper.service
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$ sudo systemctl start wondershaper.service
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```
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如果你不强求安装最新版本，也可以使用软件包管理器（官方和非官方均可）来进行安装。
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`wondershaper` 在 [Arch 用户软件仓库][1]（Arch User Repository, AUR）中可用，所以可以使用类似 [`yay`][2] 这些 AUR 辅助软件在基于 Arch 的系统中安装 `wondershaper` 。
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```
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$ yay -S wondershaper-git
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```
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对于Debian、Ubuntu 和 Linux Mint 可以使用以下命令安装：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install wondershaper
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```
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对于 Fedora 可以使用以下命令安装：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install wondershaper
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```
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对于 RHEL、CentOS，只需要启用 EPEL 仓库，就可以使用以下命令安装：
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```
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$ sudo yum install epel-release
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$ sudo yum install wondershaper
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```
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在每次系统启动时都自动启动 `wondershaper` 服务。
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```
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$ sudo systemctl enable wondershaper.service
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$ sudo systemctl start wondershaper.service
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```
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**用法**
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首先需要找到网络接口的名称，通过以下几个命令都可以查询到网卡的详细信息：
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```
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$ ip addr
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$ route
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$ ifconfig
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```
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在确定网卡名称以后，就可以按照以下的命令限制网络带宽：
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -a <adapter> -d <rate> -u <rate>
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```
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例如，如果网卡名称是 `enp0s8`，并且需要把上行、下行速率分别限制为 1024 Kbps 和 512 Kbps，就可以执行以下命令：
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -a enp0s8 -d 1024 -u 512
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```
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其中参数的含义是：
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* `-a`：网卡名称
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* `-d`：下行带宽
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* `-u`：上行带宽
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如果要对网卡解除网络带宽的限制，只需要执行：
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -c -a enp0s8
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```
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或者：
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```
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$ sudo wondershaper -c enp0s8
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```
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如果系统中有多个网卡，为确保稳妥，需要按照上面的方法手动设置每个网卡的上行、下行速率。
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如果你是通过 `git clone` 克隆 GitHub 版本库的方式安装 Wondershaper，那么在 `/etc/conf.d/` 目录中会存在一个名为 `wondershaper.conf` 的配置文件，修改这个配置文件中的相应值（包括网卡名称、上行速率、下行速率），也可以设置上行或下行速率。
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```
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$ sudo nano /etc/conf.d/wondershaper.conf
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[wondershaper]
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# Adapter
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#
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IFACE="eth0"
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# Download rate in Kbps
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#
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DSPEED="2048"
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# Upload rate in Kbps
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#
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USPEED="512"
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```
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Wondershaper 使用前：
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Wondershaper 使用后：
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可以看到，使用 Wondershaper 限制网络带宽之后，下行速率与限制之前相比已经大幅下降。
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执行以下命令可以查看更多相关信息。
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```
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$ wondershaper -h
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```
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也可以查看 Wondershaper 的用户手册：
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```
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$ man wondershaper
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```
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As far as tested, Wondershaper worked just fine as described above. Give it a try and let us know what do you think about this utility.
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根据测试，Wondershaper 按照上面的方式可以有很好的效果。你可以试用一下，然后发表你的看法。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-limit-network-bandwidth-in-linux-using-wondershaper/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[HankChow](https://github.com/HankChow)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/wondershaper-git/
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/yay-found-yet-another-reliable-aur-helper/
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