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[#]: subject: "How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux [Quick Tip]"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/"
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[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux [Quick Tip]
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======
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Snap packages are not everyone’s favorite but they are an integral part of the Ubuntu ecosystem.
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It has its pros and cons. One of the negatives is that Snap packages are usually bigger in size and take a lot of disk space.
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This could be a problem if you are running out of disk space, specially on the root partition.
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Let me share a neat trick that you could use to cut down the disk spaced used by Snap packages.
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### Cleaning up old Snap package versions to free disk space
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The system files related to snap are stored in the /var/lib/snapd directory. Based on the number of Snap packages you have installed, this directory size could be in several GBs.
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Don’t just take my word for it. Do an assesement by [using the du command to check the directory size.][1]
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```
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[email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd
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5.4G /var/lib/snapd
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```
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You may also use the Disk Usage Analyzer GUI tool to see the [disk usage in Ubuntu][2].
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![Snap disk usage][3]
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That’s a lot, right? You could free up some disk space here.
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By design, Snap keeps at least one older version of the packages you have installed on your system.
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You can see this behavior by using the Snap command:
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```
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snap list --all
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```
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You should see the same package listed twice with different version and revision number.
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![Snap keeps at least two versions of each package][4]
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To free up disk space, you can delete the additional package versions. How do you know which one to delete? You can see that these older packages are labeled ‘disabled’.
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Don’t worry. You don’t have to manually do it. There is sort of automatic way to do it thanks to a nifty bash script written by Alan Pope while he was working in the [Snapcraft][5] team.
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I hope you know [how to create and run a bash shell script][6]. Basically, create a new file named clean-swap.sh and add the following lines to it.
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# Removes old revisions of snaps
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# CLOSE ALL SNAPS BEFORE RUNNING THIS
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set -eu
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snap list --all | awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' |
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while read snapname revision; do
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snap remove "$snapname" --revision="$revision"
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done
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```
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Save it and close the editor.
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To run this script, keep it in your home directory and then [open the terminal in Ubuntu][7] and run this command:
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```
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sudo bash clean-snap.sh
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```
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You can see that it starts removing the older version of packages.
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![Removing old snap package versions][8]
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If you check the disk space used by Snap now, you’ll see that the directory size is reduced now.
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```
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[email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd
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3.9G /var/lib/snapd
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```
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If this works for you, you could run this command occasionally.
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#### How does this script work?
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If you are curious about what does this script do, let me explain.
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You have already seen the output of the “snap list –all” command. It’s output is passed to the [awk command][9]. Awk is a powerful scripting tool.
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The awk ‘/disabled/{print $1, $3}’ part looks for the string ‘disabled’ in each row and if it is found, it extracts the first column and third column.
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This output is further passed to a combination of while and read command. Read command gets the value of first column snapname and third column to revision variable.
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These variables are then used to run the snap remove command to delete with the name of the span package name and its revision number.
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The while loop runs as long as there are rows found with ‘disabled’ string in it.
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This all makes sense easily if you know a little bit about shell scripting. If you are not familiar with, we have a [bash tutorial series for beginners][10] for you.
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### Did you get your GBs back?
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You may see some forums advising to set up the Snap package retention value to 2.
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```
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sudo snap set system refresh.retain=2
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```
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I don’t think it’s needed anymore. Snap’s default behavior now is to store total 2 versions for any package.
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Altogether, if you are running out of space, getting rid of the additional package version could surely one of the [ways to free up disk space on Ubuntu][11].
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If this tutorial helped you free some space, let me know in the comment section.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://linuxhandbook.com/find-directory-size-du-command/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/check-free-disk-space-linux/
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[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-disk-usage.png?resize=800%2C323&ssl=1
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[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-keeps-two-versions-of-each-package.png?resize=800%2C347&ssl=1
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[5]: https://snapcraft.io/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/run-shell-script-linux/
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/open-terminal-ubuntu/
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[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/removing-old-snap-package-versions.png?resize=800%2C445&ssl=1
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[9]: https://linuxhandbook.com/awk-command-tutorial/
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[10]: https://linuxhandbook.com/tag/bash-beginner/
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/
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@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
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[#]: subject: "How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux [Quick Tip]"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/"
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[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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如何在 Linux 中清理 Snap 包的版本（快速技巧）
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======
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Snap 软件包并不是每个人都喜欢的，但它们是 Ubuntu 生态系统中不可或缺的一部分。
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它有其优点和缺点。其中一个缺点是，Snap 包通常体积较大，占用大量的磁盘空间。
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如果你的磁盘空间不够用，特别是在根分区上，这可能是一个问题。
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让我分享一个巧妙的技巧，你可以用它来减少 Snap 包使用的磁盘空间。
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### 清理旧的 Snap 包版本以释放磁盘空间
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与 snap 有关的系统文件都存放在 /var/lib/snapd 目录下。根据你所安装的 Snap 包的数量，这个目录的大小可能在几 GB。
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不要只听我的一面之词。通过[使用 du 命令检查目录大小][1]来进行评估。
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```
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[email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd
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5.4G /var/lib/snapd
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```
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你也可以使用磁盘使用分析器这个 GUI 工具来查看 [Ubuntu 的磁盘使用情况][2]。
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![Snap disk usage][3]
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这可真够多的，对吧？你可以在这里腾出一些磁盘空间。
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根据设计，Snap 至少会在你的系统上保留一个你所安装的软件包的旧版本。
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你可以通过使用 Snap 命令看到这种行为：
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```
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snap list --all
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```
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你应该看到同一个软件包被列了两次，而且版本和修订号都不同。
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![Snap keeps at least two versions of each package][4]
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为了释放磁盘空间，你可以删除额外的软件包版本。你怎么知道要删除哪一个呢？你可以看到，这些较旧的软件包被标记为“禁用”。
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不要担心。你不需要手动操作。由于 Alan Pope 在 [Snapcraft][5] 团队工作时写的一个灵巧的 bash 脚本，有一种自动的方法可以做到。
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我希望你知道[如何创建和运行 bash shell 脚本][6]。基本上，创建一个名为 clean-swap.sh 的新文件，并在其中添加以下几行。
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# Removes old revisions of snaps
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# CLOSE ALL SNAPS BEFORE RUNNING THIS
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set -eu
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snap list --all | awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' |
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while read snapname revision; do
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snap remove "$snapname" --revision="$revision"
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done
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```
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保存它并关闭编辑器。
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要运行这个脚本，把它放在你的主目录中，然后[在 Ubuntu 中打开终端][7]，运行这个命令：
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```
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sudo bash clean-snap.sh
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```
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你可以看到，它开始删除旧版本的软件包。
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![Removing old snap package versions][8]
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如果你现在检查 Snap 使用的磁盘空间，你会发现现在的目录大小已经减少了。
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```
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[email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd
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3.9G /var/lib/snapd
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```
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如果这对你有用，你可以偶尔运行这个命令。
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#### 这个脚本是如何工作的？
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如果你对这个脚本的作用感到好奇，让我来解释一下。
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你已经看到了 “snap list -all” 命令的输出。它的输出被传递给 [awk 命令][9]。Awk是一个强大的脚本工具。
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awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' 部分在每一行中寻找字符串 “disabled”，如果找到它，它将提取第一列和第三列。
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这个输出被进一步传递给 while 和 read 命令的组合。读取命令获取第一列的 snapname 和第三列的修订变量。
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然后，这些变量被用来运行 snap remove 命令，用 span 包的名称和它的修订号来删除。
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只要发现有包含 “disabled” 字符串的行，就会运行 while 循环。
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如果你对 shell 脚本略知一二，这一切就很容易理解了。如果你不熟悉，我们有一个[初学者的 bash 教程系列][10]给你。
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### 你拿回了你的空间了吗？
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你可能会看到一些论坛建议将 Snap 软件包的保留值设置为2。
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```
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sudo snap set system refresh.retain=2
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```
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我认为现在不需要了。现在 Snap 的默认行为是为任何软件包保存两个版本。
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总而言之，如果你的空间不够用，摆脱额外的软件包版本肯定是[释放 Ubuntu 磁盘空间的方法][11]之一。
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如果这个教程帮助你释放了一些空间，请在评论区告诉我。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://linuxhandbook.com/find-directory-size-du-command/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/check-free-disk-space-linux/
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[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-disk-usage.png?resize=800%2C323&ssl=1
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[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-keeps-two-versions-of-each-package.png?resize=800%2C347&ssl=1
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[5]: https://snapcraft.io/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/run-shell-script-linux/
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/open-terminal-ubuntu/
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[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/removing-old-snap-package-versions.png?resize=800%2C445&ssl=1
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[9]: https://linuxhandbook.com/awk-command-tutorial/
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[10]: https://linuxhandbook.com/tag/bash-beginner/
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/
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