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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (nophDog)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to know if you're ready to switch from Mac to Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/mac-to-linux)
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[#]: author: (Marko Saric https://opensource.com/users/markosaric)
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How to know if you're ready to switch from Mac to Linux
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======
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You can do nearly anything on Linux that you can do on a Mac—with the
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freedom of an open source operating system.
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![Digital images of a computer desktop][1]
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It's been almost two years since I switched [from Mac to Linux][2]. I used Apple for about 15 years before my move and was a complete Linux newbie when I installed my first distribution in summer 2018.
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These days, I run Linux exclusively. I can do anything I want on it. Regular internet browsing and watching Netflix, writing and editing content for my [WordPress blog][3], and even running my [open source web analytics][4] startup.
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And I'm not even a developer! Long gone are the days when Linux was considered not ready for everyday usage nor friendly enough for non-technical people.
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There's been a lot of discussions lately about the current state of Macs, with an increasing number of people considering making the switch to Linux. I'll share some of my Mac-to-Linux transition tips, so other newbies can make a more comfortable move.
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### Should you switch?
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Before you switch from Mac to Linux, it's helpful to think about when Linux won't work for you. If your main concerns about switching to Linux are how to pair your Apple Watch, make calls on FaceTime, or use iMovie, this move may not be right for you. These are all proprietary products that Apple keeps under lock and key in its walled garden. If you love Apple's ecosystem, Linux is probably not the right solution for you.
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I wasn't very locked into the Apple ecosystem. I didn't have an iPhone, so phone integration was not necessary. I didn't use iCloud, FaceTime, or Siri, either. I was already "open source curious," but I hadn't made the leap.
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### Check your favorite apps
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I started exploring open source software when I was still on macOS, and I discovered most of the applications I use will run in both environments.
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Familiar with Firefox for web browsing? It runs on Linux, too. Use VLC to play media? It's on Linux, too. Use Audacity for audio recording and editing? It's waiting for you on Linux. Live-streaming using OBS Studio? There's a Linux app. Keeping in touch with your family and friends on Telegram messenger? It's also available on Linux.
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Also, Linux is not only about open source software. Most (perhaps all) of your favorite non-Apple proprietary apps can be found on Linux, too. Spotify, Slack, Zoom, Steam, Discord, Skype, Chrome, and many other closed source apps are available. In addition, pretty much anything you can run in your browser on macOS can run in your browser on Linux.
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It's a good idea to double-check if your must-have apps are available on Linux or if there are adequate or even better Linux alternatives. Do some research using your favorite search engine. Search for "your favorite app + Linux" or "your favorite app + Linux alternatives," and look at [Flathub][5] for proprietary applications you can install on Linux using Flatpak.
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### Remember Linux is not Mac
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If you want to be comfortable with your move from Mac to Linux, I believe it's important to be open-minded and willing to learn a new operating system. Linux is not macOS, and you need to give yourself some time to get to know it.
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If you want Linux to look and work the same way you're used to on macOS, Linux may not be the right solution. Even though there are ways to create a Linux desktop environment with a similar look and feel as macOS, I believe that the best way to have a successful transition to Linux is to start by embracing Linux.
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Give its workflow a chance, and use it as it is intended. Do not try to turn Linux into something that it isn't. You may find that you enjoy it as much (or more) than your Mac, as I did.
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Remember the first time you used a Mac; you needed some time to get used to the workflow. Give Linux the same time and care.
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### Choose a Linux distribution
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Unlike Windows and macOS, Linux doesn't have just one, single OS. The different Linux operating systems are called distributions, and I've used and tested several since I've been on Linux. I've also used multiple desktop environments, or graphical user interfaces, too. They differ a lot in terms of aesthetics, usability, workflow, and integrated apps.
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While [ElementaryOS][6] and [Pop!_OS][7] come up quite often as Mac alternatives, I recommend starting with [Fedora Workstation][8] for the following reasons:
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* It is simple to install to a USB using [Fedora Media Writer][9].
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* It is likely to support all of your hardware out of the box.
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* It supports the latest Linux software.
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* It runs the GNOME desktop environment without any additional customization.
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* It has a big community and a large development team behind it.
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In my opinion, [GNOME][10] is the best Linux desktop environment in terms of usability, consistency, fluidity, and user experience for newbies coming from macOS. It has the most development resources and the most users in the Linux world, so your chances are good that everything will work great.
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Fedora can open the doors of Linux for you, and as you get more comfortable, you can start exploring the world of distributions, desktop environments, and even window managers further.
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### Get familiar with GNOME
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GNOME is the default window manager for Fedora and many other Linux distributions. Its recent [update to GNOME 3.36][11] brings a modern aesthetic that Mac users will appreciate.
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Be prepared that Linux, Fedora Workstation, and GNOME are not Apple and macOS. GNOME is very clean, minimal, modern, and original. There are no distractions. There are no desktop icons. There's no visible dock. There are not even minimize and maximize buttons on your windows. But don't panic. If you give it a chance, it may prove to be the best and most productive operating system you've ever used.
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GNOME gets out of your way. When you start it up, the only things you see are the top panel and the background image. The top panel consists of **Activities** on the left, the time and date in the center (which also serves as your notifications center), and tray icons for the network, Bluetooth, VPN, sound, brightness, battery, and such on the right-hand side.
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#### How GNOME is like Mac
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You'll notice some similarities with macOS, such as window snapping and seeing previews of documents by hitting the **Spacebar** (it works exactly like Quick Look).
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If you drag your mouse icon to the top-left, click on **Activities** in the top panel, or press the **Super** key (i.e., the Apple key) on your keyboard, you will get the **Activities Overview**. Activities Overview is kind of like the macOS Mission Control and Spotlight Search in one. It gives you an overview of all the open applications and windows in the center. On the left-hand side, you see the dock, which features all your favorite and open applications. There's an indicator under all the open applications, and on the right-hand side, you can see the different workspaces.
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In the top-center, there is a search box. As soon as you start typing, the focus is on that search box. It searches your installed applications and file contents, finds specific apps in the software center, does calculations, gives you the time and weather, and does so much more. It acts pretty much like Spotlight. Simply start typing whatever you're looking for, and press **Enter** to open an application or file.
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You can also see a list of all your installed applications (much like Launchpad on Mac). Click on the **Show Applications** icon in the dock or press **Super + A**.
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In general, Linux is very lightweight, runs fast even on older hardware, and takes very little disk space compared to macOS. And unlike macOS, you can delete any of the preinstalled apps that you don't want or need.
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#### Customize your GNOME settings
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Go through GNOME Settings to get more familiar with its options and make changes that may make it more comfortable for you. Here are some of the things I do as soon as I install GNOME:
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* In **Mouse & Touchpad**, I disable natural scrolling and enable tap-to-click.
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* In **Displays**, I enable night light, which makes the screen color warmer in the evenings to help prevent eye strain.
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* I also install [**GNOME Tweaks**][12] to get access to additional settings.
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* In Tweaks, I enable **Over-Amplification**, so I can raise the volume above 100%.
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* In Tweaks, I enable the **Adwaita Dark** theme, which I prefer to the default, light theme.
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#### Get used to working with the keyboard
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GNOME is a very keyboard-centric OS, so try to use your keyboard more. In the **Keyboard Shortcut** section of GNOME Settings, you can find a list of the different keyboard shortcuts.
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You can also set your keyboard shortcuts to fit your ideal workflow. I set my most-used apps to open using the **Super** key. For example, **Super + B** for my browser, **Super + F** for files, **Super + T** for the terminal, and so on. I also set **Ctrl + Q** to close windows.
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I switch between open applications using **Super + Tab**. I use **Super + H** to hide a window. I press **F11** to open an app in full screen. **Super + Left arrow** to snap the current application to the left side of the screen. **Super + Right arrow** to snap it to the right side of the screen. And so on.
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### Try Linux on your Mac before committing
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You can try Fedora out on your Mac before doing a full installation. Simply download the ISO image file from [Fedora's website][9]. Flash the ISO image file on a USB drive using [Etcher][13], and boot from that drive by pressing the **Option** key when the computer starts so that you can try it live.
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Now you can explore the live Fedora Workstation without having to install anything on your Mac. Test different things to see if they work: Can you connect to WiFi? Does your touchpad work? How about audio? And so on.
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Spend some time exploring GNOME, too. Test the different features I discussed above. Open some of the installed applications. If everything seems fine, if you like the look and feel of Fedora Workstation and GNOME, and if you are sure that this is what you want, then you can install it on your Mac.
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Have fun exploring the world of Linux!
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* * *
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_This article is an update of [How I switched from macOS to Linux after 15 years of Apple][2] originally published on Marko Saric's website._
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/mac-to-linux
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作者:[Marko Saric][a]
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选题:[lujun9972][b]
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/markosaric
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_browser_web_desktop.png?itok=Bw8ykZMA (Digital images of a computer desktop)
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[2]: https://markosaric.com/linux/
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[3]: https://markosaric.com/how-start-blog/
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[4]: https://plausible.io/open-source-website-analytics
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[5]: https://flathub.org/apps
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[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary
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[7]: https://support.system76.com/articles/pop-basics/
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[8]: https://getfedora.org/
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[9]: https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/
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[10]: https://www.gnome.org/
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[11]: https://www.gnome.org/news/2020/03/gnome-3-36-released/
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[12]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Tweaks
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[13]: https://www.balena.io/etcher/
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (nophDog)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to know if you're ready to switch from Mac to Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/mac-to-linux)
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[#]: author: (Marko Saric https://opensource.com/users/markosaric)
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如何确定你已经准备好从 Mac 切换到 Linux?
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======
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在开源操作系统的帮助下,Linux 可以帮你完成绝大部分你在 Mac 上能做的事情。
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![Digital images of a computer desktop][1]
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我[从 Mac 切换到 Linux][2] 已经两年了。在 Linux 之前,我用的一直是 Apple 系统,而且 2018 年我安装第一个发行版时,还只是一个纯粹的新手。
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最近,我只用 Linux,我可以用它完成任何任务。浏览网页、观看 Netflix 影片、写作以及编辑[博客][3],甚至还在上面跑我的[开源网页分析项目][4]。
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我可不是开发者!但是很久以前,普通人根本无法轻松玩转 Linux。
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最近关于 Mac 的讨论越来越多,许多人已经在考虑从 Mac 切换到 Linux。我打算分享一些切换过程中的经验,帮助其它新手也能实现无痛转移。
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### 你该不该换?
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在换系统之前,最好想清楚,因为有时候 Linux 可能跟你预期不一样。如果你仍希望跟 Apple Watch 无缝配对、可以用 FaceTime 给朋友打电话、或者你想打开 iMovie 看视频,那最好还是不要换了。这些都是 Apple 的专利软件,你只能在 Apple 的『围墙花园』里面使用。如果离不开 Apple 的生态系统,那么 Linux 可能不太适合你。
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我对 Apple 生态没有太多挂念,我不用 iPhone,所以跟手机的协作没那么必要。我也不用 iCloud、FaceTime,当然也包括 Siri。我早就对开源充满兴趣,只是一直没有行动。
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### 检查你的必备软件清单
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我还在使用 Mac 的时候,就已经开始探索开源软件,我发现大部分在 Mac 上使用的软件,在 Linux 也可以运行。
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怀念用火狐浏览网页吗?在 Linux 上它也可以运行。想用 VLC 看视频?它也有 Linux 版本。喜欢用 Audacity 录制、编辑音频?它正在 Linux 上等着你呢。你用 OBS Studio 直播?在 Linux 直接下载安装吧。一直用 Telegram 跟朋友和家人保持联系吗?Linux 上当然少不了它。
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此外,Linux 不仅仅意味着开源软件。大部分(也可能所有)你最喜欢的非 Apple 专利软件,都能在 Linux 见到它们的身影。Spotify、Slack、Zoom、Stream、Discord、Skype、Chrome 以及很多闭源软件,都可以使用。而且,在你 Mac 浏览器里面运行的任何东西,同样能够运行在 Linux 浏览器。
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你能在 Linux 找到你的必备软件,或者更好的替代品吗?请再三确认,做到有备无患。用你最常用的搜索引擎,在网上检索一下。搜索『软件名 + Linux』 或者 『软件名 + Linux 替代品』,然后再去 [Flathub][5] 网站查看你能在 Linux 用 Flatpak 安装的专利软件有哪些。
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### 请牢记:Linux 不等于 Mac
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如果你希望能够从 Mac 轻松转移到 Linux,我相信有一点很重要,你需要保持包容的思想以及愿意学习新操作系统的心态。Linux 并不等于 Mac,所以你需要给自己一些时间去接触并了解它。
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如果你想让 Linux 用起来、看起来跟你习惯的 macOS 一模一样,那么 Linux 可能也不适合你。尽管你可以通过各种方法把 Linux 桌面环境打造得跟 macOS 相似,但我觉得要想成功转移到 Linux,最好的办法是接受它。
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试试新的工作流,该怎么用就怎么用。不要总想着把 Linux 变成其它东西。你会跟我一样,像享受 Mac 一样享受 Linux,甚至能有更好的体验感。
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还记得你第一次使用 Mac 吧;你肯定花了不少时间去习惯它的用法。那么请给 Linux 同样多的时间和关怀。
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### 选择一个 Linux 发行版
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有别于 Windows 和 macOS,Linux 不止一个单一的操作系统。不同的 Linux 操作系统被称作发行版,开始使用 Linux 之后,我尝试过好几个不同的发行版。我也用过不同的桌面环境,或者图形界面。在美观度、易用性、工作流以及集成软件上,它们有很大差异。
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尽管作为 Mac 的替代品,被提及最多的是 [ElementaryOS][6] 和 [Pop!_OS][7],但我仍建议从 [Fedora Workstation] 开始,理由如下:
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- 使用 [Fedora Media Writer][9],容易安装
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- 开箱即支持你所有的硬件
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- 支持最新的 Linux 软件
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- 运行原生无改动的 GNOME 桌面环境
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- 有大型开发团队以及一个庞大的社区
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在我看来,从易用性、连贯性、流畅性和来自 macOS 用户的用户体验来看,[GNOME][10] 是最好用的桌面环境。在 Linux 世界,它拥有大量开发资源和用户基数,所以你的使用体验会很好。
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Fedora 可以为你打开一扇 Linux 的大门,当你适应之后,就可以开始探索各个发行版、桌面环境,甚至窗口管理器之类的玩意了。
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### 熟悉 GNOME
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GNOME 是 Fedora 和许多其它 Linux 发行版的默认窗口管理器。它最近的升级 [升级到 GNOME 3.36][11] 带来了 Mac 用户欣赏的现代设计。
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一定要做好心理准备,Linux、Fedora Workstation 和 GNOME 并不是 Apple 和 macOS。GNOME 非常干净、简单、现代,新颖。它不会分散你的注意力。它没有桌面图标。没有可见的 dock 栏。窗口上甚至没有最小化、最大化按钮。但是不要慌张。如果你去尝试,它会证明这是你用过最好、最有生产力的操作系统。
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GNOME 不会给你带来困扰。启动之后,你唯一能看到的东西只有顶栏和背景图片。顶栏由这几样东西组成, **Activities** 在左边,时间和日期在中间(这也是你的通知栏中心),右边是网络、蓝牙、VPN、声音、亮度、电池托盘图标之类的东西。
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#### 为什么 GNOME 像 Mac
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你会注意到一些跟 macOS 的相似性,例如窗口吸附,空格预览(用起来跟 Quick Look 一模一样)。
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如果你把鼠标光标移动到左上角,点击顶栏的 **Activities**,或者按下键盘上 **Super** 键(也就是 Apple 键),你会看到 **Activities Overview**。Activities Overview 有点像 macOS 系统上 Mission Control 和 Spotlite Search 的结合体。它会在屏幕中间展示已打开软件和窗口的概览。在左手边,你可以看到 dock 栏,上面有你打开的软件和常用软件。所有打开的软件下面会有一个指示标志,在右手边,你可以看到不同的工作区。
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在顶栏中间,有一个搜索框。只要你开始输入,焦点就会转移到搜索框。它能搜索你已经安装的软件和文件内容,在软件中心搜索指定的软件,作计算器,向你展示时间或者天气,当然它能做的还有很多。它就像 Spotlight 一样。只需要开始输入你要搜索的内容,然后按下 **Enter** 打开软件或者文件。
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你能看到一列安装好的软件(更像 Mac 上的 Launchpad)。点击 dock 栏 **Show Applications** 图标,或者按 **Super + A**。
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总体来说,Linux 是一个轻量级的系统,即使在很老的硬件上也能跑得很顺畅,跟 macOS 比起来仅仅占用很少的磁盘空间。并且不像 macOS,你可以删除任何你不想要或不需要的预装软件。
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#### 自定义你的 GNOME 设置
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浏览一下 GNOME 设置,熟悉它的选项,做一些更改,让它用起来更舒服。下面是一些我装好 GNOME 必须做的事情。
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- 在 **Mouse Touchpad** 中,我禁用 natural scrolling、启用 tap-to-click。
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- 在 **Display** 中,我打开 night light,在晚上,屏幕会让颜色变暖,减少眼睛疲劳。
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- 我安装 [**GNOME Tweaks**][12],因为它可以更改额外的设置选项。
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- 在 Tweaks 中,我启用了 **Over-Amplification** 选项,这样就能获得更高的音量。
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- 在 Tweaks 中,相比默认的亮色主题,我更喜欢 **Adwaita Dark** 主题。
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#### 习惯使用键盘操作
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GNOME 是以一个鼠标为中心的操作系统,所以尽量多使用键盘。在 GNOME 设置中的**键盘快捷键**部分,你可以找到很多不同的快捷键。
|
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|
||||
你也可以自定义键盘快捷键,来形成自己的工作流。我设置 **Super** 键设置成打开我必须使用的软件。比如说,**Super + B** 打开我的浏览器,**Super + F** 打开文件,**Super + T** 打开终端。我把 **Ctrl + Q** 设置成关闭窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
我使用 **Super + Tab** 切换软件,**Super + H** 隐藏一个窗口。**F11** 全屏打开软件。**Super + Left arrow** 把窗口吸附到屏幕左边。**Super + Right arrow** 把窗口吸附到屏幕左边。等等。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Mac 上尝试 Linux 之后再做决定
|
||||
|
||||
在完全安装 Linux 之前,在你的 Mac 上先尝试 Fedora。从 [Fefora's website][9] 下载 ISO 镜像。[Etcher][13] 能够帮你把 ISO 镜像写入 USB,然后在启动时点击 **option** 选项,这样你就可以在 live 模式尝试了。
|
||||
|
||||
现在你已经可以随意探索 live 模式的 Fedora Workstation,而不用在你的 Mac 上安装任何东西。试试不一样的东西,能否正常工作:能不能连接 WiFi?触控板是否正常?有没有声音?等等。
|
||||
|
||||
也记得花时间尝试 GNOME。测试我上面提到的不同功能。打开一些安装好的软件。一切看起来都很还不错,如果你喜欢这样的 Fedora Workstation 和 GNOME,并且很肯定这就是你想要的,那么把它安装到你的 Mac 吧。
|
||||
|
||||
尽情探索 Linux 世界吧!
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
_This article is an update of [How I switched from macOS to Linux after 15 years of Apple][2] originally published on Marko Saric's website._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/mac-to-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Marko Saric][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/nophDog)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/markosaric
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_browser_web_desktop.png?itok=Bw8ykZMA (Digital images of a computer desktop)
|
||||
[2]: https://markosaric.com/linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://markosaric.com/how-start-blog/
|
||||
[4]: https://plausible.io/open-source-website-analytics
|
||||
[5]: https://flathub.org/apps
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary
|
||||
[7]: https://support.system76.com/articles/pop-basics/
|
||||
[8]: https://getfedora.org/
|
||||
[9]: https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.gnome.org/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.gnome.org/news/2020/03/gnome-3-36-released/
|
||||
[12]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Tweaks
|
||||
[13]: https://www.balena.io/etcher/
|
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user