From 1320bb4d156696eccf7af7c00be71afbdc9aa38e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 09:03:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- ...files with ls at the Linux command line.md | 75 ------------------- ...files with ls at the Linux command line.md | 73 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md b/sources/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md deleted file mode 100644 index fda48f1622..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -translating---geekpi - -Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line -====== -Learn some of the Linux 'ls' command's most useful variations. -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/button_push_open_keyboard_file_organize.png?itok=KlAsk1gx) - -One of the first commands I learned in Linux was `ls`. Knowing what’s in a directory where a file on your system resides is important. Being able to see and modify not just some but all of the files is also important. - -My first LInux cheat sheet was the [One Page Linux Manual][1] , which was released in1999 and became my go-to reference. I taped it over my desk and referred to it often as I began to explore Linux. Listing files with `ls -l` is introduced on the first page, at the bottom of the first column. - -Later, I would learn other iterations of this most basic command. Through the `ls` command, I began to learn about the complexity of the Linux file permissions and what was mine and what required root or sudo permission to change. I became very comfortable on the command line over time, and while I still use `ls -l` to find files in the directory, I frequently use `ls -al` so I can see hidden files that might need to be changed, like configuration files. - -According to an article by Eric Fischer about the `ls` command in the [Linux Documentation Project][2], the command's roots go back to the `listf` command on MIT’s Compatible Time Sharing System in 1961. When CTSS was replaced by [Multics][3], the command became `list`, with switches like `list -all`. According to [Wikipedia][4], `ls` appeared in the original version of AT&T Unix. The `ls` command we use today on Linux systems comes from the [GNU Core Utilities][5]. - -Most of the time, I use only a couple of iterations of the command. Looking inside a directory with `ls` or `ls -al` is how I generally use the command, but there are many other options that you should be familiar with. - -`$ ls -l` provides a simple list of the directory: - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_1_0.png) - -Using the man pages of my Fedora 28 system, I find that there are many other options to `ls`, all of which provide interesting and useful information about the Linux file system. By entering `man ls` at the command prompt, we can begin to explore some of the other options: - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_2_0.png) - -To sort the directory by file sizes, use `ls -lS`: - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_3_0.png) - -To list the contents in reverse order, use `ls -lr`: - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_4.png) - -To list contents by columns, use `ls -c`: - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_5.png) - -`ls -al` provides a list of all the files in the same directory: - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_6.png) - -Here are some additional options that I find useful and interesting: - - * List only the .txt files in the directory: `ls *.txt` - * List by file size: `ls -s` - * Sort by time and date: `ls -d` - * Sort by extension: `ls -X` - * Sort by file size: `ls -S` - * Long format with file size: `ls -ls` - * List only the .txt files in a directory: `ls *.txt` - - - -To generate a directory list in the specified format and send it to a file for later viewing, enter `ls -al > mydirectorylist`. Finally, one of the more exotic commands I found is `ls -R`, which provides a recursive list of all the directories on your computer and their contents. - -For a complete list of the all the iterations of the `ls` command, refer to the [GNU Core Utilities][6]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/ls-command - -作者：[Don Watkins][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins -[1]: http://hackerspace.cs.rutgers.edu/library/General/One_Page_Linux_Manual.pdf -[2]: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue48/fischer.html -[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics -[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ls -[5]: http://www.gnu.org/s/coreutils/ -[6]: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/ls-invocation.html#ls-invocation diff --git a/translated/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md b/translated/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b0fe9643da --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20181003 Tips for listing files with ls at the Linux command line.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +在 Linux 命令行中使用 ls 列出文件的提示 +====== +学习一些 Linux "ls" 命令最有用的变化。 +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/button_push_open_keyboard_file_organize.png?itok=KlAsk1gx) + +我在 Linux 中最先学到的命令之一就是 `ls`。了解系统中文件所在目录中的内容非常重要。能够查看和修改不仅仅是一些文件还要所有文件也很重要。 + +我的第一个 Linux 备忘录是[单页 Linux 手册][1]，它于 1999 年发布，它成为我的首选参考资料。当我开始探索 Linux 时，我把它贴在桌子上并经常参考它。它的第一页第一列的底部有使用 `ls -l` 列出文件的命令。 + +之后，我将学习这个最基本命令的其他迭代。通过 `ls` 命令，我开始了解 Linux 文件权限的复杂性以及哪些是我的文件，哪些需要 root 或者 root 权限来修改。随着时间的推移，我习惯使用命令行，虽然我仍然使用 `ls -l` 来查找目录中的文件，但我经常使用 `ls -al`，这样我就可以看到可能需要更改的隐藏文件，比如那些配置文件。 + +根据 Eric Fischer 在[Linux 文档项目][2]中关于 `ls` 命令的文章，该命令的根源可以追溯到 1961年 MIT 的相容分时系统 （CTSS +） 上的 `listf` 命令。当 CTSS 被 [Multics][3] 代替时，命令变为 `list`，并有像 `list -all` 的开关。根据[维基百科][4]，“ls” 出现在 AT&T Unix 的原始版本中。我们今天在 Linux 系统上使用的 `ls` 命令来自 [GNU Core Utilities][5]。 + +大多数时候，我只使用几个迭代的命令。使用 `ls` 或 `ls -al` 查看目录内部是我通常使用该命令的方法，但是你还应该熟悉许多其他选项。 + +`$ ls -l` 提供了一个简单的目录列表： + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_1_0.png) + +使用我的 Fedora 28 系统中的手册页，我发现 `ls` 还有许多其他选项，所有这些选项都提供了有关 Linux 文件系统的有趣且有用的信息。通过在命令提示符下输入 `man ls`，我们可以开始探索其他一些选项： + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_2_0.png) + +要按文件大小对目录进行排序，请使用 `ls -lS`： + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_3_0.png) + +要以相反的顺序列出内容，请使用 `ls -lr`： + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_4.png) + +要按列列出内容，请使用 `ls -c`： + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_5.png) + +`ls -al` 提供了同一目录中所有文件的列表： + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/linux_ls_6.png) + +以下是我认为有用且有趣的一些其他选项： + + * 仅列出目录中的 .txt 文件：`ls * .txt` +  * 按文件大小列出：`ls -s` +  * 按时间和日期排序：`ls -d` +  * 按扩展名排序：`ls -X` +  * 按文件大小排序：`ls -S` +  * 带有文件大小的长格式：`ls -ls` + + + +要生成指定格式的目录列表并将其定向到文件供以后查看，请输入 `ls -al> mydirectorylist`。最后，我找到的一个更奇特的命令是 `ls -R`，它提供了计算机上所有目录及其内容的递归列表。 + +有关 `ls` 命令的所有迭代的完整列表，请参阅 [GNU Core Utilities][6]。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/ls-command + +作者：[Don Watkins][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins +[1]: http://hackerspace.cs.rutgers.edu/library/General/One_Page_Linux_Manual.pdf +[2]: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue48/fischer.html +[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multics +[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ls +[5]: http://www.gnu.org/s/coreutils/ +[6]: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/ls-invocation.html#ls-invocation