mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-03-24 02:20:09 +08:00
struggling
commit
11867d5f48
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
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alim0x translating
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Mytodo: A ToDo List Manager For DIY Lovers
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Usually, I focus on applications that are hassle free and easy to use (read GUI oriented). That’s the reason why I included [Go For It][1] to do program in the list of [Linux productivity tools][2]. Today, I am going to show you yet another to-do list application that is slightly different than the rest.
|
||||
|
||||
[Mytodo][3] is an open source to-do list program that puts you, the user, in command of everything. Unlike most other similar programs, Mytodo is more DIY hobbyist oriented because it lets you configure the server (if you want to use it on multiple computers), provides a command line interface among other main features.
|
||||
|
||||
It is written in Python and thus it could be used in all Linux distros and other operating systems such as Windows.
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the main features of Mytodo are:
|
||||
|
||||
- Both GUI and command line interface
|
||||
- Configure your own server
|
||||
- Add users/password
|
||||
- Written in Python
|
||||
- Searchable by tag
|
||||
- To-do list list can be displayed as [Conky][4]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
GUI
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Command Line
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Conky displaying to-do list
|
||||
|
||||
You can find the source code and configuration instructions on the Github link below:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download and Configure Mytodo ][5]
|
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|
||||
While some people might not like all this command line and configuration part, but it certainly has its own pleasure. I let you try and decide if Mytodo suits our need and taste.
|
||||
|
||||
Image credit: https://pixabay.com/en/to-do-list-task-list-notes-written-734587
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/mytodo-list-manager/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/go-for-it-to-do-app-in-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/productivity-tips-ubuntu/
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/mohamed-aziz/mytodo
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/conky-gui-ubuntu-1304/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/mohamed-aziz/mytodo
|
||||
@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux FAQs with Answers--How to change USB device permission permanently on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **Question**: I am trying to run gpsd on my Linux with a USB GPS receiver. However, I am getting the following errors from gpsd.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> gpsd[377]: gpsd:ERROR: read-only device open failed: Permission denied
|
||||
> gpsd[377]: gpsd:ERROR: /dev/ttyUSB0: device activation failed.
|
||||
> gpsd[377]: gpsd:ERROR: device open failed: Permission denied - retrying read-only
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Looks like gpsd does not have permission to access the USB device (/dev/ttyUSB0). How can I change its default permission mode permanently on Linux?
|
||||
|
||||
When you run a process that wants to read or write to a USB device, the user/group of the process must have appropriate permission to do so. Of course you can change the permission of your USB device manually with chmod command, but such manual permission change will be temporary. The USB device will revert to its default permission mode when you reboot your Linux machine.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As a permanent solution, you can create a udev-based USB permission rule which assigns any custom permission mode of your choice. Here is how to do it.
|
||||
|
||||
First, you need to identify the vendorID and productID of your USB device. For that, use lsusb command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsusb -vvv
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From the lsusb output, find your USB device's entry, and look for "idVendor" and "idProduct" fields. In this example, we have idVendor (0x067b) and idProduct (0x2303).
|
||||
|
||||
Next, create a new udev rule as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/50-myusb.rules
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="067b", ATTRS{idProduct}=="2303", GROUP="users", MODE="0666"
|
||||
|
||||
Replace "idVendor" and "idProduct" values with your own. **MODE="0666"** indicates the preferred permission of the USB device.
|
||||
|
||||
Now reboot your machine or reload udev rules:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo udevadm control --reload
|
||||
|
||||
Then verify the permission of the USB device.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/change-usb-device-permission-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux FAQs with Answers--How to find information about built-in kernel modules on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **Question**: I would like to know what modules are built into the kernel of my Linux system, and what parameters are available in each module. Is there a way to get a list of all built-in kernel modules and device drivers, and find detailed information about them?
|
||||
|
||||
The modern Linux kernel has been growing significantly over the years to support a wide variety of hardware devices, file systems and networking functions. During this time, "loadable kernel modules (LKM)" came into being in order to keep the kernel from getting bloated, while flexibly extending its capabilities and hardware support under different environments, without having to rebuild it.
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux kernel shipped with the latest Linux distributions comes with relatively a small number of "built-in modules", while the rest of hardware-specific drivers or custom capabilities exist as "loadable modules" which you can selectively load or unload.
|
||||
|
||||
The built-in modules are statically compiled into the kernel. Unlike loadable kernel modules which can be dynamically loaded, unloaded, looked up or listed using commands like modprobe, insmod, rmmod, modinfo or lsmod, built-in kernel modules are always loaded in the kernel upon boot-up, and cannot be managed with these commands.
|
||||
|
||||
### Find a List of Built-in Kernel Modules ###
|
||||
|
||||
To get a list of all built-in modules, run the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.builtin
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can also get a hint on what modules are built-in by running:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Find Parameters of Built-in Kernel Modules ###
|
||||
|
||||
Each kernel module, whether it's built-in or loadable, comes with a set of parameters. For loadable kernel modules, the modinfo command will show parameter information about them. However, this command will not work with built-in modules. You will simply get the following error.
|
||||
|
||||
modinfo: ERROR: Module XXXXXX not found.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to check what parameters are available in a given built-in module, and what their values are, you can instead examine the content in **/sys/module** directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Under /sys/module directory, you will find sub-directories named after existing kernel modules (both built-in and loadable). Then in each module directory, there is a directory named "parameters", which lists all available parameters for the module.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, let's say you want to find out parameters of a built-in module called tcp_cubic (the default TCP implementation of the kernel). Then you can do this:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ls /sys/module/tcp_cubic/parameters
|
||||
|
||||
And check the value of each parameter by reading a corresponding file.
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat /sys/module/tcp_cubic/parameters/tcp_friendliness
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/find-information-builtin-kernel-modules-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux FAQs with Answers--How to force password change at the next login on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **Question**: I manage a Linux server for multiple users to share. I have just created a new user account with some default password, and I want the user to change the default password immediately after the first login. Is there a way to force a user to change his/her password at the next login?
|
||||
|
||||
In multi-user Linux environment, it's a standard practice to create user accounts with some random default password. Then after a successful login, a new user can change the default password to his or her own. For security reasons, it is often recommended to "force" users to change the default password after the first login to make sure that the initial one-time password is no longer used.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is **how to force a user to change his or her password on the next login**.
|
||||
|
||||
Every user account in Linux is associated with various password-related configurations and information. For example, it remembers the date of the last password change, the minimum/maximum number of days between password changes, and when to expire the current password, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
A command-line tool called chage can access and adjust password expiration related configurations. You can use this tool to force password change of any user at the next login.
|
||||
|
||||
To view password expiration information of a particular user (e.g., alice), run the following command. Note that you need root privilege only when you are checking password age information of any other user than yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo chage -l alice
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Force Password Change for a User ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to force a user to change his or her password, use the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo chage -d0 <user-name>
|
||||
|
||||
Originally the "-d <N>" option is supposed to set the "age" of a password (in terms of the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed). So "-d0" indicates that the password was changed on January 1st, 1970, which essentially expires the current password, and causes it to be changed on the next login.
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to expire the current password is via passwd command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo passwd -e <user-name>
|
||||
|
||||
The above command has the same effect of "chage -d0", making the current password of the user expire immediately.
|
||||
|
||||
Now check the password information of the user again, and you will see:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When you log in again, you will be asked to change the password. You will need to verify the current password one more time before the change.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To set more comprehensive password policies (e.g., password complexity, reuse prevention), you can use PAM. See [the article][1] for more detail.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/force-password-change-next-login-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/set-password-policy-linux.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
||||
DFileManager: Cover Flow File Manager
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A real gem of a file manager absent from the standard Ubuntu repositories but sporting a unique feature. That’s DFileManager in a twitterish statement.
|
||||
|
||||
A tricky question to answer is just how many open source Linux applications are available. Just out of curiosity, you can type at the shell:
|
||||
|
||||
~$ for f in /var/lib/apt/lists/*Packages; do printf ’%5d %s\n’ $(grep ’^Package: ’ “$f” | wc -l) ${f##*/} done | sort -rn
|
||||
|
||||
On my Ubuntu 15.04 system, it produces the following results:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As the screenshot above illustrates, there are approximately 39,000 packages in the Universe repository, and around 8,500 packages in the main repository. These numbers sound a lot. But there is a smorgasbord of open source applications, utilities, and libraries that don’t have an Ubuntu team generating a package. And more importantly, there are some real treasures missing from the repositories which can only be discovered by compiling source code. DFileManager is one such utility. It is a Qt based cross-platform file manager which is in an early stage of development. Qt provides single-source portability across all major desktop operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
In the absence of a binary package, the user needs to compile the code. For some tools, this can be problematic, particularly if the application depends on any obscure libraries, or specific versions which may be incompatible with other software installed on a system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, DFileManager is simple to compile. The installation instructions on the developer’s website provide most of the steps necessary for my creaking Ubuntu box, but a few essential packages were missing (why is it always that way however many libraries clutter up your filesystem?) To prepare my system, download the source code from GitHub and then compile the software, I entered the following commands at the shell:
|
||||
|
||||
~$ sudo apt-get install qt5-default qt5-qmake libqt5x11extras5-dev
|
||||
~$ git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/dfilemanager/code dfilemanager-code
|
||||
~$ cd dfilemananger-code
|
||||
~$ mkdir build
|
||||
~$ cd build
|
||||
~$ cmake ../ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
|
||||
~$ make
|
||||
~$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
You can then start the application by typing at the shell:
|
||||
|
||||
~$ dfm
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a screenshot of DFileManager in action, with the main attraction in full view; the Cover Flow view. This offers the ability to slide through items in the current folder with an attractive feel. It’s ideal for viewing photos. The file manager bears a resemblance to Finder (the default file manager and graphical user interface shell used on all Macintosh operating systems), which may appeal to you.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Features: ###
|
||||
|
||||
- 4 views: Icons, Details, Columns, and Cover Flow
|
||||
- Categorised bookmarks with Places and Devices
|
||||
- Tabs
|
||||
- Simple searching and filtering
|
||||
- Customizable thumbnails for filetypes including multimedia files
|
||||
- Information bar which can be undocked
|
||||
- Open folders and files with one click
|
||||
- Option to queue IO operations
|
||||
- Remembers some view properties for each folder
|
||||
- Show hidden files
|
||||
|
||||
DFileManager is not a replacement for KDE’s Dolphin, but do give it a go. It’s a file manager that really helps the user browse files. And don’t forget to give feedback to the developer; that’s a contribution anyone can offer.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://gofk.tumblr.com/post/131014089537/dfilemanager-cover-flow-file-manager-a-real-gem
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[gofk][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://gofk.tumblr.com/
|
||||
@ -1,90 +1,88 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
Display Awesome Linux Logo With Basic Hardware Info Using screenfetch and linux_logo Tools
|
||||
用 screenfetch 和 linux_logo 工具显示带有酷炫 Linux 标志的基本硬件信息
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Do you want to display a super cool logo of your Linux distribution along with basic hardware information? Look no further try awesome screenfetch and linux_logo utilities.
|
||||
想在屏幕上显示出你的 Linux 发行版的酷炫标志和基本硬件信息吗？不用找了，来试试超赞的 screenfetch 和 linux_logo 工具。
|
||||
|
||||
### Say hello to screenfetch ###
|
||||
### 来见见 screenfetch 吧 ###
|
||||
|
||||
screenFetch is a CLI bash script to show system/theme info in screenshots. It runs on a Linux, OS X, FreeBSD and many other Unix-like system. From the man page:
|
||||
screenFetch 是一个能够在截屏中显示系统/主题信息的命令行脚本。它可以在 Linux，OS X，FreeBSD 以及其它的许多类Unix系统上使用。来自 man 手册的说明：
|
||||
|
||||
> This handy Bash script can be used to generate one of those nifty terminal theme information + ASCII distribution logos you see in everyone's screenshots nowadays. It will auto-detect your distribution and display an ASCII version of that distribution's logo and some valuable information to the right.
|
||||
> 这个方便的 Bash 脚本可以用来生成那些漂亮的终端主题信息和 ASCII 发行版标志，就像如今你在别人的截屏里看到的那样。它会自动检测你的发行版并显示 ASCII 版的发行版标志，并且在右边显示一些有价值的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installing screenfetch on Linux ####
|
||||
#### 在 Linux 上安装 screenfetch ####
|
||||
|
||||
Open the Terminal application. Simply type the following [apt-get command][1] on a Debian or Ubuntu or Mint Linux based system:
|
||||
打开终端应用。在基于 Debian 或 Ubuntu 或 Mint 的系统上只需要输入下列 [apt-get 命令][1]：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fig.01: Installing screenfetch using apt-get
|
||||
图一：用 apt-get 安装 screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installing screenfetch Mac OS X ####
|
||||
#### 在 Mac OS X 上安装 screenfetch ####
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following command:
|
||||
输入下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ brew install screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fig.02: Installing screenfetch using brew command
|
||||
图二：用 brew 命令安装 screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installing screenfetch on FreeBSD ####
|
||||
#### 在 FreeBSD 上安装 screenfetch ####
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following pkg command:
|
||||
输入下列 pkg 命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pkg install sysutils/screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fig.03: FreeBSD install screenfetch using pkg
|
||||
图三：在 FreeBSD 用 pkg 安装 screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installing screenfetch on Fedora Linux ####
|
||||
#### 在 Fedora 上安装 screenfetch ####
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following dnf command:
|
||||
输入下列 dnf 命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fig.04: Fedora Linux 22 install screenfetch using dnf
|
||||
图四：在 Fedora 22 用 dnf 安装 screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
#### How do I use screefetch utility? ####
|
||||
#### 我该怎么使用 screefetch 工具？ ####
|
||||
|
||||
Simply type the following command:
|
||||
只需输入以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
Here is the output from various operating system:
|
||||
这是不同系统的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Screenfetch on Fedora
|
||||
Fedora 上的 Screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Screenfetch on OS X
|
||||
OS X 上的 Screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Screenfetch on FreeBSD
|
||||
FreeBSD 上的 Screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Screenfetch on Debian Linux
|
||||
Debian 上的 Screenfetch
|
||||
|
||||
#### Take screenshot ####
|
||||
#### 获取截屏 ####
|
||||
|
||||
To take a screenshot and to save a file, enter:
|
||||
要获取截屏并保存成文件，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ screenfetch -s
|
||||
|
||||
You will see a screenshot file at ~/Desktop/screenFetch-*.jpg. To take a screenshot and upload to imgur directly, enter:
|
||||
你会看到一个文件 ~/Desktop/screenFetch-*.jpg。获取截屏并直接上传到 imgur，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ screenfetch -su imgur
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample outputs:**
|
||||
**输出示例：**
|
||||
|
||||
-/+:. veryv@Viveks-MacBook-Pro
|
||||
:++++. OS: 64bit Mac OS X 10.10.5 14F27
|
||||
@ -106,45 +104,45 @@ You will see a screenshot file at ~/Desktop/screenFetch-*.jpg. To take a screens
|
||||
Taking shot in 3.. 2.. 1.. 0.
|
||||
==> Uploading your screenshot now...your screenshot can be viewed at http://imgur.com/HKIUznn
|
||||
|
||||
You can visit [http://imgur.com/HKIUznn][2] to see uploaded screenshot.
|
||||
你可以访问 [http://imgur.com/HKIUznn][2] 来查看上传的截屏。
|
||||
|
||||
### Say hello to linux_logo ###
|
||||
### 再来看看 linux_logo ###
|
||||
|
||||
The linux_logo program generates a color ANSI picture of a penguin which includes some system information obtained from the /proc filesystem.
|
||||
linux_logo 程序生成一个彩色的 ANSI 版企鹅图片，还包含一些来自 /proc 的系统信息。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation ####
|
||||
#### 安装 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Simply type the following command as per your Linux distro.
|
||||
只需按照你的 Linux 发行版输入对应的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
#### Debian/Ubutnu/Mint ####
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install linux_logo
|
||||
|
||||
#### CentOS/RHEL/Older Fedora ####
|
||||
#### CentOS/RHEL/旧版 Fedora ####
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install linux_logo
|
||||
|
||||
#### Fedora Linux v22+ or newer ####
|
||||
#### Fedora Linux v22+ 或更新版本 ####
|
||||
|
||||
# dnf install linux_logo
|
||||
|
||||
#### Run it ####
|
||||
#### 运行它 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Simply type the following command:
|
||||
只需输入下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ linux_logo
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
linux_logo in action
|
||||
运行 linux_logo
|
||||
|
||||
#### But wait, there's more! ####
|
||||
#### 等等，还有更多！ ####
|
||||
|
||||
You can see a list of compiled in logos using:
|
||||
你可以用这个命令查看内置的标志列表：
|
||||
|
||||
$ linux_logo -f -L list
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample outputs:**
|
||||
**输出示例：**
|
||||
|
||||
Available Built-in Logos:
|
||||
Num Type Ascii Name Description
|
||||
@ -182,42 +180,42 @@ You can see a list of compiled in logos using:
|
||||
Do "linux_logo -L num" where num is from above to get the appropriate logo.
|
||||
Remember to also use -a to get ascii version.
|
||||
|
||||
To see aix logo, enter:
|
||||
查看 aix 的标志，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ linux_logo -f -L aix
|
||||
|
||||
To see openbsd logo:
|
||||
查看 openbsd 的标志：
|
||||
|
||||
$ linux_logo -f -L openbsd
|
||||
|
||||
Or just see some random Linux logo:
|
||||
或者只是随机看看一些 Linux 标志：
|
||||
|
||||
$ linux_logo -f -L random_xy
|
||||
|
||||
You [can combine bash for loop as follows to display various logos][3], enter:
|
||||
你[可以像下面那样结合 bash 的循环来显示不同的标志][3]，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gif 01: linux_logo and bash for loop for fun and profie
|
||||
动图1： linux_logo 和 bash 循环，既有趣又能发朋友圈耍酷
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting help ###
|
||||
### 获取帮助 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Simply type the following command:
|
||||
输入下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ screefetch -h
|
||||
$ linux_logo -h
|
||||
|
||||
**References**
|
||||
**参考**
|
||||
|
||||
- [screenFetch home page][4]
|
||||
- [linux_logo home page][5]
|
||||
- [screenFetch 主页][4]
|
||||
- [linux_logo 主页][5]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/hardware/howto-display-linux-logo-in-bash-terminal-using-screenfetch-linux_logo/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Vivek Gite
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
||||
Linux有问必答 -- 如何在LInux中永久修改USB设备权限
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **提问**：当我尝试在Linux中运行USB GPS接收器时我遇到了下面来自gpsd的错误。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> gpsd[377]: gpsd:ERROR: read-only device open failed: Permission denied
|
||||
> gpsd[377]: gpsd:ERROR: /dev/ttyUSB0: device activation failed.
|
||||
> gpsd[377]: gpsd:ERROR: device open failed: Permission denied - retrying read-only
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 看上去gpsd没有权限访问USB设备（/dev/ttyUSB0）。我该如何永久修改它在Linux上的权限？
|
||||
|
||||
当你在运行一个会读取或者写入USB设备的进程时，进程的用户/组必须有权限这么做。当然你可以手动用chmod命令改变USB设备的权限，但是手动的权限改变只是暂时的。USB设备会在下次重启时恢复它的默认权限。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
作为一个永久的方式，你可以创建一个基于udev的USB权限规则，它可以根据你的选择分配任何权限模式。下面是该如何做。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，你需要找出USB设备的vendorID和productID。使用lsusb命令。
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsusb -vvv
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
上面lsusb的输出中，找出你的USB设备，并找出"idVendor"和"idProduct"字段。本例中,我们的结果是idVendor (0x067b)和 idProduct (0x2303)
|
||||
|
||||
下面创建一个新的udev规则。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/50-myusb.rules
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="067b", ATTRS{idProduct}=="2303", GROUP="users", MODE="0666"
|
||||
|
||||
用你自己的"idVendor"和"idProduct"来替换。**MODE="0666"**表示USB设备的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
现在重启电脑并重新加载udev规则：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo udevadm control --reload
|
||||
|
||||
Then verify the permission of the USB device.
|
||||
接着验证USB设备的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/change-usb-device-permission-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
Linux有问必答--如何找出Linux中内置模块的信息
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **提问**：我想要知道Linux系统中内核内置的模块，以及每个模块的参数。有什么方法可以得到内置模块和设备驱动的列表，以及它们的详细信息呢？
|
||||
|
||||
现代Linux内核正在随着时间迅速地增长来支持大量的硬件、文件系统和网络功能。在此期间，“可加载模块”的引入防止内核变得越来越臃肿，以及在不同的环境中灵活地扩展功能及硬件支持，而不必重新构建内核。
|
||||
|
||||
最新的Linux发型版的内核只带了相对较小的“内置模块”，其余的特定硬件驱动或者自定义功能作为“可加载模块”来让你选择地加载或卸载。
|
||||
|
||||
内置模块被静态地编译进了内核。不像可加载内核模块可以动态地使用modprobe、insmod、rmmod、modinfo或者lsmod等命令地加载、卸载、查询模块，内置的模块总是在启动是就加载进了内核，不会被这些命令管理。
|
||||
|
||||
### 找出内置模块列表 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要得到内置模块列表，运行下面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.builtin
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以用下面的命令来查看有哪些内置模块：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 找出内置模块参数 ###
|
||||
|
||||
每个内核模块无论是内置的还是可加载的都有一系列的参数。对于可加载模块，modinfo命令显示它们的参数信息。然而这个命令不对内置模块管用。你会得到下面的错误。
|
||||
|
||||
modinfo: ERROR: Module XXXXXX not found.
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要查看内置模块的参数，以及它们的值，你可以在**/sys/module** 下检查它们的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
在 /sys/module目录下，你可以找到内核模块（包含内置和可加载的）命名的子目录。结合则进入每个模块目录，这里有个“parameters”目录，列出了这个模块所有的参数。
|
||||
|
||||
比如你要找出tcp_cubic（内核默认的TCP实现）模块的参数。你可以这么做：
|
||||
|
||||
$ ls /sys/module/tcp_cubic/parameters
|
||||
|
||||
接着阅读这个文件查看每个参数的值。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat /sys/module/tcp_cubic/parameters/tcp_friendliness
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/find-information-builtin-kernel-modules-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
Linux有问必答--如何强制在下次登录Linux时更换密码
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **提问**：我管理着一台多人共享的Linux服务器。我刚使用默认密码创建了一个新用户，但是我想用户在第一次登录时更换密码。有没有什么方法可以让他/她在下次登录时修改密码呢？
|
||||
|
||||
在多用户Linux环境中，标准实践是使用一个默认的随机密码创建一个用户账户。成功登录后，新用户自己改变默认密码。出于安全里有，经常建议“强制”用户在第一次登录时修改密码来确保这个一次性使用的密码不会再被使用。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是**如何强制用户在下次登录时修改他/她的密码**。
|
||||
|
||||
changes, and when to expire the current password, etc.
|
||||
每个Linux用户都关联这不同的密码相关配置和信息。比如，记录着上次密码更改的日期、最小/最大的修改密码的天数、密码何时过期等等。
|
||||
|
||||
一个叫chage的命令行工具可以访问并调整密码过期相关配置。你可以使用这个工具来强制用户在下次登录修改密码、
|
||||
|
||||
要查看特定用户的过期信息（比如：alice），运行下面的命令。注意的是除了你自己之外查看其他任何用户的密码信息都需要root权限。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo chage -l alice
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 强制用户修改密码 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要强制用户去修改他/她的密码,使用下面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo chage -d0 <user-name>
|
||||
|
||||
原本“-d <N>”参数是用来设置密码的“年龄”（也就是上次修改密码起到1970 1.1起的天数）。因此“-d0”的意思是上次密码修改的时间是1970 1.1，这就让当前的密码过期了，也就强制让他在下次登录的时候修改密码了。
|
||||
|
||||
另外一个过期当前密码的方式是用passwd命令。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo passwd -e <user-name>
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令和“chage -d0”作用一样，让当前用户的密码立即过期。
|
||||
|
||||
现在检查用户的信息，你会发现：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当你再次登录时候，你会被要求修改密码。你会在修改前被要求再验证一次当前密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
要设置更全面的密码策略（如密码复杂性，防止重复使用），则可以使用PAM。参见[这篇文章][1]了解更多详情。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/force-password-change-next-login-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/set-password-policy-linux.html
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user