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【Translating by cposture 2016-02-28】
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How to send email notifications using Gmail SMTP server on Linux
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================================================================================
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Suppose you want to configure a Linux app to send out email messages from your server or desktop. The email messages can be part of email newsletters, status updates (e.g., [Cachet][1]), monitoring alerts (e.g., [Monit][2]), disk events (e.g., [RAID mdadm][3]), and so on. While you can set up your [own outgoing mail server][4] to deliver messages, you can alternatively rely on a freely available public SMTP server as a maintenance-free option.
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One of the most reliable **free SMTP servers** is from Google's Gmail service. All you have to do to send email notifications within your app is to add Gmail's SMTP server address and your credentials to the app, and you are good to go.
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One catch with using Gmail's SMTP server is that there are various restrictions in place, mainly to combat spammers and email marketers who often abuse the server. For example, you can send messages to no more than 100 addresses at once, and no more than 500 recipients per day. Also, if you don't want to be flagged as a spammer, you cannot send a large number of undeliverable messages. When any of these limitations is reached, your Gmail account will temporarily be locked out for a day. In short, Gmail's SMTP server is perfectly fine for your personal use, but not meant for commercial bulk emails.
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With that being said, let me demonstrate **how to use Gmail's SMTP server in Linux environment**.
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### Google Gmail SMTP Server Setting ###
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If you want to send emails from your app using Gmail's SMTP server, remember the following details.
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- **Outgoing mail server (SMTP server)**: smtp.gmail.com
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- **Use authentication**: yes
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- **Use secure connection**: yes
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- **Username**: your Gmail account ID (e.g., "alice" if your email is alice@gmail.com)
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- **Password**: your Gmail password
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- **Port**: 587
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Exact configuration syntax may vary depending on apps. In the rest of this tutorial, I will show you several useful examples of using Gmail SMTP server in Linux.
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### Send Emails from the Command Line ###
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As the first example, let's try the most basic email functionality: send an email from the command line using Gmail SMTP server. For this, I am going to use a command-line email client called mutt.
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First, install mutt:
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For Debian-based system:
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$ sudo apt-get install mutt
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For Red Hat based system:
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$ sudo yum install mutt
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Create a mutt configuration file (~/.muttrc) and specify in the file Gmail SMTP server information as follows. Replace <gmail-id> with your own Gmail ID. Note that this configuration is for sending emails only (not receiving emails).
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$ vi ~/.muttrc
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----------
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set from = "<gmail-id>@gmail.com"
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set realname = "Dan Nanni"
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set smtp_url = "smtp://<gmail-id>@smtp.gmail.com:587/"
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set smtp_pass = "<gmail-password>"
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Now you are ready to send out an email using mutt:
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$ echo "This is an email body." | mutt -s "This is an email subject" alice@yahoo.com
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To attach a file in an email, use "-a" option:
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$ echo "This is an email body." | mutt -s "This is an email subject" alice@yahoo.com -a ~/test_attachment.jpg
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Using Gmail SMTP server means that the emails appear as sent from your Gmail account. In other words, a recepient will see your Gmail address as the sender's address. If you want to use your domain as the email sender, you need to use Gmail SMTP relay service instead.
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### Send Email Notification When a Server is Rebooted ###
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If you are running a [virtual private server (VPS)][5] for some critical website, one recommendation is to monitor VPS reboot activities. As a more practical example, let's consider how to set up email notifications for every reboot event on your VPS. Here I assume you are using systemd on your VPS, and show you how to create a custom systemd boot-time service for automatic email notifications.
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First create the following script reboot_notify.sh which takes care of email notifications.
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$ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/reboot_notify.sh
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----------
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#!/bin/sh
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echo "`hostname` was rebooted on `date`" | mutt -F /etc/muttrc -s "Notification on `hostname`" alice@yahoo.com
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----------
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$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/reboot_notify.sh
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In the script, I use "-F" option to specify the location of system-wide mutt configuration file. So don't forget to create /etc/muttrc file and populate Gmail SMTP information as described earlier.
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Now let's create a custom systemd service as follows.
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$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/systemd/system
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$ sudo vi /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/reboot-task.service
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----------
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[Unit]
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Description=Send a notification email when the server gets rebooted
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DefaultDependencies=no
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Before=reboot.target
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[Service]
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Type=oneshot
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ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/reboot_notify.sh
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[Install]
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WantedBy=reboot.target
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Once the service file is created, enable and start the service.
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$ sudo systemctl enable reboot-task
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$ sudo systemctl start reboot-task
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From now on, you will be receiving a notification email every time the VPS gets rebooted.
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### Send Email Notification from Server Usage Monitoring ###
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As a final example, let me present a real-world application called [Monit][6], which is a pretty useful server monitoring application. It comes with comprehensive [VPS][7] monitoring capabilities (e.g., CPU, memory, processes, file system), as well as email notification functions.
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If you want to receive email notifications for any event on your VPS (e.g., server overload) generated by Monit, you can add the following SMTP information to Monit configuration file.
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set mailserver smtp.gmail.com port 587
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username "<your-gmail-ID>" password "<gmail-password>"
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using tlsv12
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set mail-format {
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from: <your-gmail-ID>@gmail.com
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subject: $SERVICE $EVENT at $DATE on $HOST
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message: Monit $ACTION $SERVICE $EVENT at $DATE on $HOST : $DESCRIPTION.
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Yours sincerely,
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Monit
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}
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# the person who will receive notification emails
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set alert alice@yahoo.com
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Here is the example email notification sent by Monit for excessive CPU load.
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### Conclusion ###
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As you can imagine, there will be so many different ways to take advantage of free SMTP servers like Gmail. But once again, remember that the free SMTP server is not meant for commercial usage, but only for your own personal project. If you are using Gmail SMTP server inside any app, feel free to share your use case.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/send-email-notifications-gmail-smtp-server-linux.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/setup-system-status-page.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/server-monitoring-system-monit.html
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[3]:http://xmodulo.com/create-software-raid1-array-mdadm-linux.html
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[4]:http://xmodulo.com/mail-server-ubuntu-debian.html
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[5]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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[6]:http://xmodulo.com/server-monitoring-system-monit.html
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[7]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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【Translating by cposture 2016-02-25】
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How to add open source experience to your resume
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==================================================
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@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
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如何在Linux上使用Gmail SMTP服务器发送邮件通知
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================================================================================
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假定你想配置一个Linux app从你的服务器或桌面客户端发送邮件信息。邮件信息可以是邮件简报、状态更新(比如[Cachet][1])、监控警报(比如[Monit][2])、磁盘时间(比如[RAID mdadm][3])等等的一部分。当你要建立自己的[邮件发送服务器][4]，作为一个免维护的选择，你可以依赖一个免费可用的公共SMTP服务器。
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最可靠的**免费SMTP服务器**之一来自谷歌的Gmail服务。为了在你的app里发送邮件通知，你仅需在app中添加Gmail的SMTP服务器地址和你的凭证即可。
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Gmail的SMTP服务器吸引人的地方之一是有各种各样恰当的限制，这些限制主要用于阻止那些经常滥用服务器的滥发垃圾邮件者和邮件营销者。举个例子，你一次只能给至多100个地址发送信息，并且一天不能超过500个接收者。当你达到任何一个限制，你的Gmail账户将暂时锁一天。简而言之，Gmail的SMTP服务器对于你个人的使用是非常棒的，但不适合商业的批量邮件。
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话虽如此，让我们展示**如何在Linux环境下使用Gmail的SMTP服务器**。
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### Google Gmail SMTP服务器设置 ###
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如果你想要使用Gmail的SMTP服务器从你的app发送邮件，请牢记接下来的详细说明。
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- **邮件发送服务器 (SMTP服务器)**: smtp.gmail.com
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- **使用认证**: 是
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- **使用安全连接**: 是
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- **用户名**: 你的Gmail账户ID (比如 "alice" 如果你的邮箱为alice@gmail.com)
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- **密码**: 你的Gmail密码
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- **端口**: 587
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确切的配置语法可能要依据app而不同。在本教程的剩下部分，我将会向你展示各种在Linux上使用Gmail SMTP服务器的有用示例。
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### 从命令行发送邮件 ###
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作为第一个例子，让我们尝试最基本的邮件功能：使用Gmail SMTP服务器从命令行发送一封邮件。为此，我将使用一个称为mutt的命令行邮件客户端。
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先安装mutt：
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对于 Debian-based 系统：
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$ sudo apt-get install mutt
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对于 Red Hat based 系统：
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$ sudo yum install mutt
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创建一个mutt配置文件(~/.muttrc)，并和下面一样，在文件中指定Gmail SMTP服务器信息。将gmail-id替换成自己的Gmail ID。注意这配置只是为了发送邮件而已（而非接收邮件）。
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$ vi ~/.muttrc
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----------
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set from = "<gmail-id>@gmail.com"
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set realname = "Dan Nanni"
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set smtp_url = "smtp://<gmail-id>@smtp.gmail.com:587/"
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set smtp_pass = "<gmail-password>"
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现在准备使用mutt发送一封邮件：
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$ echo "This is an email body." | mutt -s "This is an email subject" alice@yahoo.com
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为了在一封邮件中添加一个附件，使用"-a"选项
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$ echo "This is an email body." | mutt -s "This is an email subject" alice@yahoo.com -a ~/test_attachment.jpg
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使用Gmail SMTP服务器意味着邮件显示为从你的Gmail账户发出。换句话说，一个接收者将你的Gmail地址视为发送者地址。如果你想要使用自己的域名作为邮件发送者，你需要使用Gmail SMTP转发服务。
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### 当服务器重启时发送邮件通知 ###
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如果你为了一些重要的网站正在运行一台[虚拟专用服务器(VPS)][5]，一个建议是监视VPS的重启活动。作为一个更实用的例子，让我们研究如何在你的VPS上为每一次重启事件建立邮件通知。这里我假设你正在你的VPS上使用systemd，并向你展示如何为自动邮件通知创建一个自定义的systemd启动服务。
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首先创建下面的脚本reboot_notify.sh，用于负责邮件通知。
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$ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/reboot_notify.sh
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----------
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#!/bin/sh
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echo "`hostname` was rebooted on `date`" | mutt -F /etc/muttrc -s "Notification on `hostname`" alice@yahoo.com
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----------
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$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/reboot_notify.sh
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在这个脚本中，我使用"-F"选项，用于直到系统级的mutt配置文件位置。因此不要忘了创建/etc/muttrc文件并如前面描述填入Gmail SMTP信息。
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现在让我们创建如下一个自定义的systemd服务。
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$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/systemd/system
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$ sudo vi /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/reboot-task.service
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----------
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[Unit]
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Description=Send a notification email when the server gets rebooted
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DefaultDependencies=no
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Before=reboot.target
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[Service]
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Type=oneshot
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ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/reboot_notify.sh
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[Install]
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WantedBy=reboot.target
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一旦创建服务，便使能和启动该服务。
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$ sudo systemctl enable reboot-task
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$ sudo systemctl start reboot-task
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从现在起，在每次VPS重启时你将会收到一封通知邮件。
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### 从服务器使用监控发送邮件通知 ###
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作为最后一个例子，让我展示一个称为[Monit][6]的现实生活的应用程序，这是一个极其有用的服务器监控应用程序。它附有广泛的[VPS][7]监控能力（比如CPU、内存、进程、文件系统），包括邮件通知能力。
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如果你想要接收VPS上任何事件导致的且由Monit产生的邮件通知，你可以在Monit配置文件中添加以下SMTP信息。
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set mailserver smtp.gmail.com port 587
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username "<your-gmail-ID>" password "<gmail-password>"
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using tlsv12
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set mail-format {
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from: <your-gmail-ID>@gmail.com
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subject: $SERVICE $EVENT at $DATE on $HOST
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message: Monit $ACTION $SERVICE $EVENT at $DATE on $HOST : $DESCRIPTION.
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Yours sincerely,
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Monit
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}
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# the person who will receive notification emails
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set alert alice@yahoo.com
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这是一个因为CPU负载超载而由Monit发送的邮件通知例子。
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### 总结 ###
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正如你能想象的，像Gmail一样，有许多中不同的方式使用免费的SMTP服务器。但再次说明，请牢记免费的SMTP服务器不适用于商业用途，仅仅适用于个人项目。如果你正在任一app中使用Gmail SMTP服务器，请自由分享你的用例。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/send-email-notifications-gmail-smtp-server-linux.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[cposture](https://github.com/cposture)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/setup-system-status-page.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/server-monitoring-system-monit.html
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[3]:http://xmodulo.com/create-software-raid1-array-mdadm-linux.html
|
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[4]:http://xmodulo.com/mail-server-ubuntu-debian.html
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[5]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
|
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[6]:http://xmodulo.com/server-monitoring-system-monit.html
|
||||
[7]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
|
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