mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-29 21:41:00 +08:00
Jack Nie
commit
10f1c9c7a1
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||||||
对新用户来说最好的Linux发行版
|
适合新用户的最佳的Linux发行版
|
||||||
================================================================================
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
这个争论无疑给许多Linux用户带来了麻烦。争论不能普遍归结为哪个发行版是真正最适合新用户的，而是哪个发行版受这些争论者的喜爱。如果我们撇开个人喜爱，我们会看到更清楚的一面。但即使这样，清晰也很快会被新用户的需求和期望遮蔽。考虑到这点，我决定采取一个不同的方法来找出“对新用户来说最好的发行版”。我评判最好发行版的标准不仅是易用，而且还要呼吁由日益增长的移动界面隐喻推动带来的现代设计美学。
|
这个争论无疑给许多Linux用户带来了麻烦。争论的焦点一般不是哪个发行版是真正最适合新用户的，而是哪个发行版受这些争论者的喜爱。如果我们撇开个人喜爱，我们会看到更清楚的一面。但即使这样，明确的结论也会受到被新用户的需求和期望的影响。考虑到这点，我决定采取一个不同的方法来找出“对新用户来说最好的发行版”。我评判最好发行版的标准不仅是易用，而且还要具有由日益增长的移动界面风格所带来的现代设计理念。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
为了这次评测，发行版必须要有如下要求：
|
对于这次评测，我们对发行版有如下要求：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- 非常友好
|
- 非常友好
|
||||||
- 包括，开箱即用，所有常用的应用程序
|
- 包括，开箱即用，所有常用的应用程序
|
||||||
@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
### 用户友好 ###
|
### 用户友好 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
这是一个备受争议的话题。但事实的真相是——新用户必须能够获得一种风格的Linux并开始使用，需要很少或不需要解释。如果必须很出太多解释，那么这个发行版便不是用户友好的。我不想成为那样的人，但是几乎任何用户都可以在近乎零指导的情况下坐在Windows 7或OS X桌面前并开始使用它。这是每一个Linux桌面都应当争取去做的。
|
这是一个备受争议的话题。但事实的真相是——新用户必须能够选择某种风格的Linux并开始使用，只需要很少或不需要解释。如果必须很出太多解释，那么这个发行版便不是用户友好的。我不喜欢那些操作系统，但是几乎任何用户都可以在近乎零指导的情况下坐在Windows 7或OS X桌面前并开始使用它。这是每一个Linux桌面都应当争取去做的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 常用应用程序 ###
|
### 常用应用程序 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
安装好系统后用户不应该去安装必需的程序。那么什么是必需的呢？每年列表都会变短。目前，必备的程序列表如下：
|
安装好系统后用户不应该再去安装必需的程序。那么什么是必需的呢？每年列表都会变短。目前，必备的程序列表如下：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- 网页浏览器：Chrome或者Firefox（对不起，其他的浏览器不需提供）
|
- 网页浏览器：Chrome或者Firefox（对不起，根本不需要其他的浏览器）
|
||||||
- 电子邮件客户端：Thunderbird是显而易见的选择。
|
- 电子邮件客户端：Thunderbird是显而易见的选择。
|
||||||
- Office办公套件：LibreOffice。就这样。
|
- Office办公套件：LibreOffice。就这样。
|
||||||
- 音乐播放器：播放本地文件以及连接到流媒体服务（比如Spotify）。
|
- 音乐播放器：播放本地文件以及连接到流媒体服务（比如Spotify）。
|
||||||
@ -32,29 +32,29 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
### 时尚的界面 ###
|
### 时尚的界面 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
我已经多次提到移动设备的美化。由于iOS和Android，用户越来越喜欢时尚的界面。Linux的桌面需要进行效仿并且用独特的、时尚的和易用的界面来吸引用户注意力。旧的隐喻在多触控友好的移动世界里不再有影响力。
|
我已经多次提到移动设备的美化。由于iOS和Android，用户越来越喜欢时尚的界面。Linux的桌面需要进行效仿并且用独特的、时尚的和易用的界面来吸引用户注意力。旧的风格在支持多触控的移动世界里不再有影响力。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
排名前三的发行版
|
## 排名前三的发行版 ##
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
以文中的标准，哪个发行版本满足了（或超过）我们的需求？首先，让我们来审查一下前三名的候选者。以下哪个满足了（或超过）标准。
|
以文中的标准，哪个发行版本满足了（或超过）我们的需求？首先，让我们来审查一下前三名的候选者。以下哪个满足了（或超过）标准。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Ubuntu ####
|
### Ubuntu ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Ubuntu Linux][1]一直为用户友好型Linux的王者。开箱即用，寻找一个迷人和易用的桌面（Unity）是一个挑战，甚至是对于那些对平台不熟悉的人。它的桌面布局虽然与众不同，但却是合乎逻辑和很直观的。对于在桌面环境中添加一个最强大的搜索工具，在Linux中Ubuntu Unity应当获得最高成就。
|
[Ubuntu Linux][1]一直是用户友好型Linux的王者。开箱即用，寻找一个比它更迷人和易用的桌面（Unity）有点困难，甚至是对于那些对平台不熟悉的人也是这样的。它的桌面布局虽然与众不同，但却是合乎逻辑和很直观的。对于在桌面环境中添加一个最强大的搜索工具，在Linux中Ubuntu Unity应当获得最高成就。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Linux Mint ####
|
### Linux Mint ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
如果认为有一个篡夺王位的发行版，那它就是[Linux Mint][2]。Linux Mint做了更多桌面的标准方法，但是图层华丽且多变使其从老旧的桌面隐喻中脱颖而出。Linux Mint基于Ubuntu，所以它得益于“老大哥”Ubuntu的稳定性和可靠性。
|
如果认为有一个篡夺王位的发行版，那它就是[Linux Mint][2]。Linux Mint做了更多桌面的标准方法，但是图层华丽且多变使其从老旧的桌面隐喻中脱颖而出。Linux Mint基于Ubuntu，所以它得益于“老大哥”Ubuntu的稳定性和可靠性。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Linux Deepin ####
|
### Linux Deepin ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
用户友好型列表中的新成员是[Linux Deepin][3]。这个相对较新的受欢迎的发行版来自中国，而且应该扬起一些认真的浪波。为什么这样说？因为它使得Linux桌面转变为艺术美；同时也保持了高水平的用户友好性。我期待它的新版本发布将是个大事件。Linux Deepin使用的是GNOME 3桌面并将它重组得完全不同的,完全不可思议。
|
用户友好型列表中的新成员是[Linux Deepin][3]。这个相对较新的受欢迎的发行版来自中国，而且应该正视它所带来的成就。为什么这样说？因为它使得Linux桌面转变为艺术美；同时也保持了高水平的用户友好性。我期待它的新版本发布将是个大事件。Linux Deepin使用的是GNOME 3桌面并将它重组得完全不同的，完全不可思议。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 各发行版的比分 ###
|
## 各发行版的比分 ##
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
在最佳的竞争者名单中，我们来比较一下每一个标准和等级。每个发行版的比分如下：对于每个标准，发行版排名从高到底（第一名得一分，最后一名得三分）。最后，总分决定谁是冠军——最低得分获胜。
|
在最佳的竞争者名单中，我们来比较一下每一个标准和等级。每个发行版的比分如下：对于每个标准，发行版排名从高到底（第一名得一分，最后一名得三分）。最后，总分决定谁是冠军——最低得分获胜。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 用户友好性 ####
|
### 用户友好性 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
这可能是最严密的分类和最艰难的判别。每个发行版以不同的方法在用户友好性上都各有优势。最后，我的排名是：
|
这可能是最严密的分类和最艰难的判别。每个发行版以不同的方法在用户友好性上都各有优势。最后，我的排名是：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -64,13 +64,13 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
3. Linux Deepin
|
3. Linux Deepin
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
为什么是这样呢？Mint仅有微小的优势，因为它的开始按钮，任务栏和桌面图标仍然使用旧的桌面隐喻。胜者的优势很微小，Ubuntu和Linux Deepin要求的学习曲线近乎为零——甚至是对于未使用者。
|
为什么是这样呢？Mint仅有微小的优势，因为它的开始按钮，任务栏和桌面图标仍然使用旧的桌面风格。胜者的优势很微小，Ubuntu和Linux Deepin要求的学习曲线近乎为零——甚至是对于小白们。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 常用的应用程序 ####
|
### 常用的应用程序 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
这一类别难以判断的唯一原因是因为每个发行版都包括所有必要的应用程序。虽然Linux Deepin目前提供的是金山Office（一个最好的移动办公套件解决方案），它计划在2014发行版本中默认使用LibreOffice。
|
这一类别难以判断的唯一原因是因为每个发行版都包括所有必要的应用程序。虽然Linux Deepin目前提供的是金山Office（一个最好的移动办公套件解决方案之一），它计划在2014发行版本中默认使用LibreOffice。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
常用程序的我的一个问题是关于音乐播放器。虽然我在线听过很多音乐（使用Spotify客户端），但当我播放本地音乐时，总是使用Clementine。他们的默认播放器是：
|
关于常用程序的我的一个问题是音乐播放器。虽然我在线听过很多音乐（使用Spotify客户端），但当我播放本地音乐时，总是使用Clementine。他们的默认播放器是：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Ubuntu: Rhythmbox
|
- Ubuntu: Rhythmbox
|
||||||
- Linux Mint: Banshee
|
- Linux Mint: Banshee
|
||||||
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
3. Linux Deepin
|
3. Linux Deepin
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 应用程序商店 ####
|
### 应用程序商店 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
如果不分析这部分将难进行。为什么呢？因为对于新用户应用商店可以轻易成就或是毁掉一个Linux发行版。总会有应用需求而且没有用户想经过命令行的重重考验。每个发行版都有自己的应用商店。
|
如果不分析这部分将难进行。为什么呢？因为对于新用户应用商店可以轻易成就或是毁掉一个Linux发行版。总会有应用需求而且没有用户想经过命令行的重重考验。每个发行版都有自己的应用商店。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
|||||||
- Mint: 软件管理器
|
- Mint: 软件管理器
|
||||||
- Linux Deepin: Deepin软件中心
|
- Linux Deepin: Deepin软件中心
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
应该说，这些工具中的每一个都是基于Ubuntu软件中心。奇怪的是Ubuntu软件中心却正好排在最底。主要原因是Ubuntu软件中心太慢了——甚至在一个非常强大的机器上。
|
应该说，这些工具中的每一个都是基于Ubuntu软件中心的。奇怪的是Ubuntu软件中心却正好排在最底。主要原因是Ubuntu软件中心太慢了——甚至在一个非常强大的机器上。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
我将应用商店排名设为如下：
|
我将应用商店排名设为如下：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
每个应用商店有非常相似的功能。Linux Deepin获得第一的原因有两个：界面易于控制而且程序开启速度远远快于Ubuntu软件中心和Mint软件管理器。
|
每个应用商店有非常相似的功能。Linux Deepin获得第一的原因有两个：界面易于控制而且程序开启速度远远快于Ubuntu软件中心和Mint软件管理器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 时尚的界面 ####
|
### 时尚的界面 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
在这部分Linux Mint远远落后。尽管它提供了一个华美的界面和有很浅的学习曲线，但相比之下它仍然是一个非常过时的桌面。甚至在强大的硬件（有强大的显卡）上，Linux Mint仍然很容易被看成是来自90年代末的桌面。为了评判结果，我们必须看看是Ubuntu Linux还是Linux Deepin能带我们走进未来。胜者是：
|
在这部分Linux Mint远远落后。尽管它提供了一个华美的界面和有很浅的学习曲线，但相比之下它仍然是一个非常过时的桌面。甚至在强大的硬件（有强大的显卡）上，Linux Mint仍然很容易被看成是来自90年代末的桌面。为了评判结果，我们必须看看是Ubuntu Linux还是Linux Deepin能带我们走进未来。胜者是：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ rhythmbox
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的混合体，你会认为你在处理一件互动的艺术品。
|
Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的混合体，你会认为你在处理一件互动的艺术品。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 总冠军 ###
|
## 总冠军 ##
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
虽然这是很初步的，对新用户来说最好的Linux发行版顺序应该是：
|
虽然这是很初步的，对新用户来说最好的Linux发行版顺序应该是：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
3. Ubuntu Linux的总得分是9
|
3. Ubuntu Linux的总得分是9
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
如果你想知道关于这篇文章的作者主张，要知道：我已经使用Ubuntu Linux很多年了（而且仍在用）。我最近一直在说“如果有一个Linux发行版动摇使用Ubuntu的想法，它便是Linux Deepin。”虽然我很欣赏Linux Mint，但我只是用它来进行测试。当说到对新用户最好的Linux发型版，Linux Mint是显而易见的赢家。
|
如果你想知道关于这篇文章的作者观点，要知道：我已经使用Ubuntu Linux很多年了（而且仍在用）。我最近一直在说“如果有一个Linux发行版能动摇我使用Ubuntu的想法，它便是Linux Deepin。”虽然我很欣赏Linux Mint，但我只是用它来进行测试。当说到对新用户最好的Linux发行版，Linux Mint是显而易见的赢家。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
这件事真正的真相是——你在使用这些桌面中任何一个都不会错。他们都各有所长。如果你追求真正的美丽，使用Linux Deepin吧。如果你想要漂亮外观与易用结合，那就使用Ubuntu Linux。如果你只想要简单而且并不在乎漂亮的外观，那就用Linux Mint。不管你选哪一个，这都是三赢的局面。
|
这件事真正的真相是——你在使用这些桌面中任何一个都不会错。他们都各有所长。如果你追求真正的美丽，使用Linux Deepin吧。如果你想要漂亮外观与易用结合，那就使用Ubuntu Linux。如果你只想要简单而且并不在乎漂亮的外观，那就用Linux Mint。不管你选哪一个，这都是三赢的局面。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/775873-the-best-linux-distribution-for-new-users/
|
via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/775873-the-best-linux-distribution-for-new-users/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
|||||||
如何在Ubuntu,Linux Mint,Debian上禁用Ipv6
|
如何在Ubuntu,Linux Mint,Debian上禁用IPv6
|
||||||
================================================================================
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
### Ipv6 ###
|
### IPv6 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
IPv6是寻址方案Ipv4的下一个版本,被用来给如google.com这样的域名分配数字地址。
|
IPv6是寻址方案IPv4的下一个版本，被用来给域名分配数字地址。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在被接受的过程中。
|
IPv6比IPv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在被接受的过程中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 你的系统支持Ipv6么? ###
|
### 你的系统支持IPv6么? ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
为了支持Ipv6，需要很多事情。首先你需要系统/操作系统支持Ipv6。Ubuntu，Linux Mint，和大多是现代发行版都支持它。如果你看一下ifconfig指令的输出，你就会看见你的网络接口被分配了ipv6地址。
|
为了支持IPv6，需要很多事情。首先你需要系统/操作系统支持IPv6。Ubuntu，Linux Mint，和大多是现代发行版都支持它。如果你看一下ifconfig指令的输出，你就会看见你的网络接口被分配了IPv6地址。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$ ifconfig
|
$ ifconfig
|
||||||
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1c:c0:f8:79:ee
|
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1c:c0:f8:79:ee
|
||||||
@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
看一下行“inet6 addr”。
|
看一下行“inet6 addr”。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
接下来你需要一个支持ipv6的路由器/调制解调器。额外地，你的ISP也必须支持ipv6。
|
接下来你需要一个支持ipv6的路由器/调制解调器。此外，你的ISP也必须支持IPv6。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
除了检查网络设备的每一部分，最好查出你是否可以通过ipv6访问网站。
|
除了检查网络设备的每一部分，最好查出你是否可以通过IPv6访问网站。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
有很多网站可以检测你的连接是否支持ipv6. 这里就是个例子：[http://testmyipv6.com/][1]
|
有很多网站可以检测你的网络连接是否支持IPv6. 这里就是个例子：[http://testmyipv6.com/][1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
下面是在内核中启用ipv6的参数：
|
下面是在内核中启用IPv6的参数：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$ sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6
|
$ sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6
|
||||||
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0
|
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0
|
||||||
@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
|||||||
$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6
|
$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6
|
||||||
0
|
0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
注意这里的变量是控制ipv6的“禁用”。所以设置1就会禁用ipv6。
|
注意这里的变量是控制IPv6的“禁用”。所以设置1就会禁用IPv6。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 如果它不支持就禁用ipv6 ###
|
### 如果它不支持就禁用IPv6 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
如果你的网络设备中不支持ipv6，那最好就全部禁用它们。为什么？因为这回引起延迟域查询，在网络连接中不必要地尝试连接到ipv6地址导致延迟等等问题。
|
如果你的网络设备中不支持IPv6，那最好就全部禁用它们。为什么？因为这会引起域名查询延迟，在网络连接中不必要地尝试连接到IPv6地址导致延迟等等问题。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
我也遇到过像这样的问题，apt-get命令偶尔会尝试连接到ipv6地址失败接着检索ipv4地址。看一下下面的输出。
|
我也遇到过像这样的问题，apt-get命令偶尔会尝试连接到IPv6地址失败接着检索IPv4地址。看一下下面的输出。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||||
Ign http://archive.canonical.com trusty InRelease
|
Ign http://archive.canonical.com trusty InRelease
|
||||||
@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
我在其他的应用上也注意到了相似的问题，如Hexchat，同样Google Chrome也会有时会在查询域名的时候花费更长的时间。
|
我在其他的应用上也注意到了相似的问题，如Hexchat，同样Google Chrome也会有时会在查询域名的时候花费更长的时间。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
所以最好的方案是完全禁用Ipv6来摆脱这些事情。这只需要一点点配置但可以帮助你解决很多你系统上的很多问题。用户甚至反应这可以加速网络。
|
所以最好的方案是完全禁用IPv6来摆脱这些事情。这只需要一点点配置但可以帮助你解决很多你系统上的很多问题。用户甚至反应这可以加速网络。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 禁用 Ipv6 - 方案1 ####
|
#### 禁用 IPv6 - 方案1 ####
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
编辑文件 - /etc/sysctl.conf
|
编辑文件 - /etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
$ sudo sysctl -p
|
$ sudo sysctl -p
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
再次检查ifconfig的输出，这里应该没有ipv6地址了。
|
再次检查ifconfig的输出，这里应该没有IPv6地址了。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$ ifconfig
|
$ ifconfig
|
||||||
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:5f:28:8b
|
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:5f:28:8b
|
||||||
@ -108,12 +108,11 @@ Ipv6比Ipv4支持更多的地址。然而，它还没有被广泛支持，还在
|
|||||||
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
|
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
|
||||||
RX bytes:1501691 (1.5 MB) TX bytes:104883 (104.8 KB)
|
RX bytes:1501691 (1.5 MB) TX bytes:104883 (104.8 KB)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If it does not work, then try rebooting the system and check ifconfig again.
|
|
||||||
如果不行，尝试重启系统并再次检查ifconfig
|
如果不行，尝试重启系统并再次检查ifconfig
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 禁用 ipv6 - GRUB 方案 ####
|
#### 禁用 IPv6 - GRUB 方案 ####
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ipv6同样可以通过编辑grub配置文件禁用。
|
IPv6同样可以通过编辑grub配置文件禁用。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
|
$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -125,13 +124,13 @@ Ipv6同样可以通过编辑grub配置文件禁用。
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
$ sudo update-grub2
|
$ sudo update-grub2
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
重启，现在ipv应该就已经禁用了。
|
重启，现在IPv6应该就已经禁用了。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/disable-ipv6-ubuntu/
|
via: http://www.binarytides.com/disable-ipv6-ubuntu/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) ，校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
|||||||
|
KDE Connect增加了安卓文件发送、触摸板模拟等功能
|
||||||
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
通过安卓版的KDE和Plasma Desktop可以将所连接设备的触摸屏当作电脑的触摸板使用。(注：Plasma 是KDE项目提供的所有图形环境总称。目前有三个Plasma子项目：Plasma Desktop用于传统的桌面电脑和笔记本电脑、Plasma Netbook用于上网本，以及Plasma Active用于平板电脑。)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这个新附加的无线输入设备可以作为一般的鼠标使用，不过仍然不支持像双指划动或双指右击这样的多点触摸。（LCTT译注：双指右击指在触摸板上双指同时双击，代表鼠标右键点击）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
安卓的共享方式现在支持KED Connect，允许你从安卓发送文件到你的桌面，也可以通过Dolphin文件管理的菜单或者用命令行推送文件的方式，从桌面发送文件到安卓。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在[iOS 8 和 OS X Yosemite][1]、 [Android ‘L’ 和 Chrome OS][2]上的类似支持，计划在这个秋天首次亮相。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本次更新的版本修复了很多的漏洞，包括很多的改进和对FreeBSD系统的支持。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
完整的特性如下：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 在安卓和KDE之间共享文件
|
||||||
|
- 用平板电脑模拟触摸板
|
||||||
|
- 在桌面接收来自安卓4.3以上版本的通知
|
||||||
|
- 共享剪切板支持手机和PC之间的拷贝、粘贴
|
||||||
|
- 可以遥控桌面上选定的媒体播放器
|
||||||
|
- 电池状态
|
||||||
|
- WI-FI连接共享
|
||||||
|
- RSA加密
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### KDE Connect 0.7版下载 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
从Google Play和F-Droid商店可以免费下载到KDE Connect Android的应用。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- [ 从Google Play下载KDE Connect][3]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
为了能用到这些最新特征，你需要安装Plasma的最新版本KDE Connect（0.7版）。撰写本文时,还没有提供deb安装包和PPA源。不过可以在Kubuntu 14.04 LTS上通过安装源码来安装，或用以下介绍方式[戳这里][4]。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- [下载KDE Connect 0.7源代码][5]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
点击: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/kde-connect-android-notifications-linux-desktop
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[bookjoy](https://github.com/bookjoy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/os-x-10-10-feature-ubuntu-already
|
||||||
|
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/android-apps-notifications-call-alerts-chromebook/
|
||||||
|
[3]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kde.kdeconnect_tp
|
||||||
|
[4]:https://albertvaka.wordpress.com/2014/06/28/awesome-contributions-to-kde-connect/#comment-1175
|
||||||
|
[5]:http://download.kde.org/unstable/kdeconnect/0.7/src/kdeconnect-kde-0.7.tar.xz.mirrorlist
|
||||||
@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
BOOKJOY IS TRANSLATING......
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
KDE Connect Adds Android File Sending, Touchpad Emulation
|
|
||||||
KDE连接
|
|
||||||
================================================================================
|
|
||||||
**A new version of KDE Connect for Android that adds a number of new features has been released.**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
KDE Connect can now share files between desktop and mobile
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
KDE Connect for Android and the Plasma desktop now allow the touchscreen of a connected device to be used as a touchpad for your computer.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This additional wireless input device will act just like a basic mouse, though doesn’t (yet) support multitouch features like two finger scrolling or right-clicking.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Android’s share intent now supports KDE Connect, allowing you to send files from Android to your desktop and vice versa using a menu entry in the Dolphin file manager or by pushing files using a new command line option.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Similar features for [iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite][1] and [Android ‘L’ and Chrome OS][2] are planned to debut this fall.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The updated version also fixes a number of bugs and includes numerous improvements, including support for FreeBSD systems.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Full Feature List:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Share files to/from Android and KDE
|
|
||||||
- Touchpad emulation
|
|
||||||
- Receive notifications from Android 4.3+ on desktop
|
|
||||||
- Shared clipboard supports copy and paste between phone and PC
|
|
||||||
- Multimedia remote control for select desktop media players (MPRIS)
|
|
||||||
- Battery status
|
|
||||||
- Wi-Fi connection sharing
|
|
||||||
- RSA Encryption
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Download KDE Connect 0.7 ###
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The KDE Connect Android application is free to download from the Google Play and F-Droid stores.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [Download KDE Connect from Google Play][3]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To make use of the newest features you will also need to install the latest version of KDE Connect (version 0.7) for Plasma. As of writing this is not yet available as a .deb installer or through a PPA. It can, however, be installed from source on Kubuntu 14.04 LTS and above by following the instructions [provided here][4].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- [Download KDE Connect 0.7 Source][5]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/kde-connect-android-notifications-linux-desktop
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/os-x-10-10-feature-ubuntu-already
|
|
||||||
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/android-apps-notifications-call-alerts-chromebook/
|
|
||||||
[3]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kde.kdeconnect_tp
|
|
||||||
[4]:https://albertvaka.wordpress.com/2014/06/28/awesome-contributions-to-kde-connect/#comment-1175
|
|
||||||
[5]:http://download.kde.org/unstable/kdeconnect/0.7/src/kdeconnect-kde-0.7.tar.xz.mirrorlist
|
|
||||||
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
Red Hat Delivers Cloud Certification Plan, and Teams with HP
|
|
||||||
================================================================================
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When Red Hat [announced][1] very solid quarterly earnings a few days ago, CEO Jim Whitehurst was quick to attribute part of the strong performance to his company's new focus on cloud computing. In discussing the enterprises that pay Red Hat for subcription support and services, he said: "These are some of the most sophisticated IT organizations in the world, and many continue to increase their purchases from Red Hat to modernize their IT infrastructure with cloud enabling technologies."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[I've made the point before][2] that Red is pinning its future on cloud computing and OpenStack in particular. But for Red Hat to succeed with its OpenStack plans, it needs to be able to assure enterprise users that they are using tested and interoperable tools. With that in mind, the company has [announced][3] a new cloud management certification for Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform as part of the Red Hat OpenStack Cloud Infrastructure Partner Network.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Red Hat has been working closely with cloud and network management solution providers, including iBMC and HP. As members of the Red Hat OpenStack Cloud Infrastructure Partner Network, these vendors are supporting Red Hat's platform certification process.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Radhesh Balakrishnan, Red Hat's general manager of virtualization and OpenStack said, in a statement:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> “As OpenStack is becoming a core element of the enterprise cloud strategy for many customers, Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform is architected and backed by the broadest partner ecosystem to be the preferred platform. The growth and maturity of the ecosystem reflects the evolution of the product moving from addressing infrastructure-centric alignment to help with early deployments to now be well-managed, to be part of enterprise hybrid cloud implementations.”
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Atul Garg, vice president and general manager of Cloud and Automation at HP added:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> “We are excited to work with Red Hat to certify HP Cloud Service Automation and its solutions with Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform, to help our mutual customers build and manage private and hybrid cloud services. Our joint efforts are aimed at enabling customers to have choice and flexibility as they deploy cloud environments which can easily flex and adapt to business needs while supporting heterogeneity and leveraging existing investments in the datacenter.”
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As enterprises deploy OpenStack, they are increasingly concerned about being able to use existing infrastructure and management tools with their deployments. The expansion of Red Hat’s certification program to include cloud management solutions is intended to help enterprises who want to deploy Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform in a private cloud to feel confident in using their management solutions of choice.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
One other notable thing about the new certification program is that it deepens Red Hat's partnership with HP, which is also focused on OpenStack. It will be worth watching what else comes from that partnership, and, without a doubt, [the cloud is the new battleground for winning enterprise users][4].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/red-hat-delivers-cloud-certification-plan-and-teams-with-hp
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/red-hat-beats-q1-earnings-targets-as-revenue-climbs-17-percent-7000030685/
|
|
||||||
[2]:http://ostatic.com/blog/for-red-hat-the-cloud-beckons
|
|
||||||
[3]:http://www.marketwatch.com/story/red-hat-introduces-cloud-management-certification-for-red-hat-enterprise-linux-openstack-platform-2014-06-30
|
|
||||||
[4]:http://ostatic.com/blog/the-cloud-is-the-new-battleground-for-winning-enterprise-users
|
|
||||||
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
KDE Improv, Tablet Projects Officially Axed
|
|
||||||
================================================================================
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**The team behind a highly publicised effort to release a KDE based Linux distribution on fully open hardware has announced the project has come to and end.**
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It’s news that few following the convoluted saga will find surprising, with both the KDE-based [Vivaldi Tablet][1] and Improv board projects having struggled to find their way to market despite numerous pre-orders, sales campaigns and marketing.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The former of these, once known as ‘Spark’, has existed in various stages of gestation since 2012, only being formally ‘put on hold’ earlier this year.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Both devices sought to bring hardware running on entirely open source software and drivers to market at an affordable price. Perhaps a little too constrained by the rigidity of their ideal — to offer a modular board that could be used in multiple devices — the projects hit road bump after road bump, delay after delay.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Announcing the ‘wrap up’ in an e-mail sent to backers of the Improv ARM-based development board the team suggests that the FOSS community is ‘not ready’ to put its weight behind the ‘pressing issue of hardware freedom’, adding:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> “We greatly appreciate everyone’s support, whether it was purchases, donations or words of wisdom and encouragement. There was simply not enough support to make the project work, despite having fully functional, production ready devices and a strong commitment to succeed.”
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Partial refunds are now being issued to those who pre-ordered a device, with the team hoping to provide full refunds at a later date.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But while one open-source tablet effort may retire others are continuing. Canonical has stated that the first Ubuntu tablets will launch alongside the first handsets [later this year][2], while Intel and Samsung’s Linux-based Tizen OS is also [fast gathering pace][3].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/kde-improv-tablet-projects-officially-axed
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/03/kde-tablet-vivaldi-gets-gutted
|
|
||||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/ubuntu-tablets-coming-year
|
|
||||||
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/samsung-first-tizen-phone-unveiled
|
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
|||||||
|
How To Enable Tab Complete Heroku Commands In Oh-My-Zsh
|
||||||
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
**Heroku** Client is the (Command Line Interface) CLI tool for creating and managing Heroku apps.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Requirements:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Heroku toolbelt
|
||||||
|
- Oh-My-Zsh ([How to Install][1])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Note this post is not talk about heroku, it’s just to show users how they can ease typing of commands with oh-my-zsh, so am NOT going to talk into detail on doing things. Also you should have [heroku toolbelt][2] installed to make this work. Is simple for Ubuntu and Debian derivatives,Install by running the command below:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
wget -qO- https://toolbelt.heroku.com/install-ubuntu.sh | sh
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Open Terminal and login into heroku with you account created [here][3]:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
heroku login
|
||||||
|
Enter your Heroku credentials.
|
||||||
|
Email: enockseth@unixmen.com
|
||||||
|
Password (typing will be hidden):
|
||||||
|
Authentication successful.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
That shows heroku is up and running.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Open **.zshrc** in your favourite text editor
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
vim .zshrc
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
By default git is the only plugin enabled.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Add **heroku** to the plugins section as shown below:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Restart teminal, type **heroku** press tab and you’re good to go:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-tab-complete-heroku-commands-oh-zsh/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-oh-zsh-ubuntu-arch-linux-fedora/
|
||||||
|
[2]:https://toolbelt.heroku.com/
|
||||||
|
[3]:https://www.heroku.com/
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
|||||||
|
How to Install Lightweight Budgie Desktop in Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||||
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
**If you follow us over on Twitter you may have caught a glimpse of a screenshot we shared recently, along with the invitation to name the desktop environment pictured. **
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Did you guess correctly? The answer is [Budgie][1] — a simple desktop designed for, but not exclusive to, an openSUSE-based Linux distribution called Evolve OS.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
We first wrote about Budgie back in March and were suitably bowled over by both the clean, minimal aesthetic and nimble framework, but also by the decision to reuse common components and the standard stack of GNOME 3.10 technologies readily available in most modern distributions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I’m a huge admirer of the development choices taken by the project lead, Ikey Doherty. There’s no denying that forking has its merits, but by deciding to favour upstream projects whole project is able to move faster, both development-wise (less technical debt) and in being available for users (easier to run on other distributions).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Politics of choice aside, the desktop is clean and minimal with a nod to the Ash desktop of Google’s Chrome OS. If you don’t mind a few rough edges, its well worth a play with. But how do you install Budgie on Ubuntu?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Unofficial PPA is Unofficial ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Open source being what it is means if you have a bit of terminal know-how you can grab the source and get it up and running with a bit of wily compiling.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
But if you’re too lazy for that and happen to be running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (or a distro based on it) you can get it the easy way.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Just add one **unofficial PPA**, refresh your Software Sources and then install. A few minutes later and you’ll have both a new uncle in the family by the [name of Bob][2] and a new desktop shell to play with.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Add the Budgie PPA ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With a terminal window open copy and paste the following commands carefully, entering your password when/if prompted:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sukso96100/budgie-desktop
|
||||||
|
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install budgie-desktop
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Log into the Budgie Session ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
After installation you’ll be able to select ‘Budgie’ from the session selector of the Unity Greeter. (Don’t forget to change this back to a stable DE at a later date.)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Notes ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Budgie is not stable, finished nor is it officially supported on Ubuntu**. It is in active development and features remain missing, including, but not limited to: no network management support, no volume control applet (keyboard keys will work fine), no notification system and no way to ‘pin’ apps to the task bar.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It also doesn’t play too nicely with Ubuntu’s overlay scrollbars, some GTK themes, and session management (e.g., logout, restart, etc.) on distributions using Upstart (like Ubuntu, [though that’s changing][3]) does not work.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
As a workaround you can disable overlay scrollbars, set a different default theme and quit a session from the terminal using the following command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
gnome-session-quit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With all of those caveats in mind, I’d suggest those whose sanity hinges on a stable, dependable system avoid using it for now.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
But for the rest of you crazy folks? Well, let us know what you think of it in the comments below. I’m off to let Bob in.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/install-budgie-evolve-os-desktop-ubuntu-14-04
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/budgie-desktop-chrome-os-like
|
||||||
|
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob
|
||||||
|
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-debian-switching-systemd
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
|
|||||||
|
How to simulate key press and mouse movement in Linux
|
||||||
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
Have you ever dreamed of your computer doing stuff automatically for you? Probably not if you just watched Terminator. But except for that, scripting and task automation are every power user's dreams. If a lot of solutions exist today to fit such goal, it is sometimes hard to pick the simple, smart, and efficient one out of the lot. I cannot pretend to have found it myself, but in the mean time, my preference goes to neat software called xdotool. Its approach is intuitive as it stands as an X11 automation tool. In other words, xdotool can simulate key presses and even mouse events from reading a text file.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Installation of Xdotool on Linux ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For Ubuntu, Debian or Linux Mint, you can just do:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ sudo apt-get install xdotool
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For Fedora, use yum command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ sudo yum install xdotool
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For CentOS user, the package is available in [EPEL repo][1]. After enabling EPEL repo, simply use yum command as above.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For Arch user, the package is available in the Community repo:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ sudo pacman -S xdotool
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you cannot find xdotool for your distribution, you can always download it from the [official website][2].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Basic Usage of Xdotool ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
As intuitive as it is, xdotool remains a scripting application. Hence you have to know the syntax in order to use it properly. Rest assured though, the syntax is very simple and quick to pick up, relative to the extent of the program's features.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
First, it is very easy to simulate key press. From the terminal, you can type the command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ xdotool key [name of the key]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you want to chain two keys, use the "+" operator between them. So:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ xdotool key alt+Tab
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
will switch window for you.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To have xdotool type for you, use the type command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ xdotool type ''
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
That's already enough for basic key pressing. But one of the many strengths of xdotool is its ability to put the focus on a particular window. It can fetch the right window, and then type in it, preventing all your recorded keystrokes to just vaporize in thin air. For this, the simplest command is:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ xdotool search --name [name of the window] key [keys to press]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This will search through the opened window for one with the name matching the search, give it the focus, and then simulate the key pressing.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A bit more advanced, but very useful, xdotool can simulate mouse movement and click. With:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ xdotool mousemove x y
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
you can place the cursor at coordinates (x,y) of your screen (in pixels). You can also combine it with the "click" argument:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ xdotool mousemove x y click 1
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This will move the mouse to (x,y), and click with the left button. The "1" represents the left button of the mouse, "2" would be the scroll wheel, "3" the right button, etc.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Finally, once you have your commands in mind, you might want to actually dump it in a file to edit and play. For that, there is more than one syntax. You can write is a bash script:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#!/bin/bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
xdotool [command 1]
|
||||||
|
xdotool [command 2]
|
||||||
|
etc
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Or you can use:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$ xdotool [filename]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
where you write your commands in a separate file and plug its name as the argument.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Bonus ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
As a bonus to this post, here is a concrete example of xdotool in action. You may or may not have heard of Bing, the Microsoft's search engine. In the latter case, you have then never heard of Bing Rewards: a program that allows you to trade Bing points for Amazon's and other gift cards. To earn those points, you can do up to 30 searches a day on Bing, each search giving you 0.5 point. In other words, you have to make Bing your default search engine, and use it every day.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Or, you can use this xdotool script, which will automatically give focus to Firefox (replace it with your favorite navigator), and perform a search using the fortune command to generate some random words. In about 30 seconds, all your daily searches will be done.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#!/bin/bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for i in {1..30}
|
||||||
|
do
|
||||||
|
WID=`xdotool search --title "Mozilla Firefox" | head -1`
|
||||||
|
xdotool windowfocus $WID
|
||||||
|
xdotool key ctrl+l
|
||||||
|
xdotool key Tab
|
||||||
|
SENTENCE="$(fortune | cut -d' ' -f1-3 | head -1)"
|
||||||
|
xdotool type $SENTENCE
|
||||||
|
xdotool key "Return"
|
||||||
|
sleep 4
|
||||||
|
done
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To conclude, I really like xdotool even if its full capabilities extend way beyond the scope of this post. It is a really approachable way to scripting and task automation. The downside is that it probably is not the most efficient one. But again, it does the job, and isn't too much of a bother to learn.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
What are your thoughts on xdotool? Do you prefer another automation tool to it? And why? Let us know in the comments.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/simulate-key-press-mouse-movement-linux.html
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||||
|
[2]:http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/xdotool/
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||||||
|
How to use systemd for system administration on Debian
|
||||||
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
Soon enough, hardly any Linux user will be able to escape the ever growing grasp that systemd imposes on Linux, unless they manually opt out. systemd has created more technical, emotional, and social issues than any other piece of software as of late. This predominantly came to show in the [heated discussions][1] also dubbed as the 'Init Wars', that occupied parts of the Debian developer body for months. While the Debian Technical Comittee finally decided to include systemd in Debian 8 "Jessie", there were efforts to [supersede the decision][2] by a General Resolution, and even threats to the health of developers in favor of systemd.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This goes to show how deep systemd interferes with the way of handling Linux systems that has, in large parts, been passed down to us from the Unix days. Theorems like "one tool for the job" are overthrown by the new kid in town. Besides substituting sysvinit as init system, it digs deep into system administration. For right now a lot of the commands you are used to will keep on working due to the compatibility layer provided by the package systemd-sysv. That might change as soon as systemd 214 is uploaded to Debian, destined to be released in the stable branch with Debian 8 "Jessie". From thereon, users need to utilize the new commands that come with systemd for managing services, processes, switching run levels, and querying the logging system. A workaround is to set up aliases in .bashrc.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
So let's have a look at how systemd will change your habits of administrating your computers and the pros and cons involved. Before making the switch to systemd, it is a good security measure to save the old sysvinit to be able to still boot, should systemd fail. This will only work as long as systemd-sysv is not yet installed, and can be easily obtained by running:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# cp -av /sbin/init /sbin/init.sysvinit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Thusly prepared, in case of emergency, just append:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
init=/sbin/init.sysvinit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
to the kernel boot-time parameters.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Basic Usage of systemctl ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
systemctl is the command that substitutes the old "/etc/init.d/foo start/stop", but also does a lot more, as you can learn from its man page.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Some basic use-cases are:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- systemctl - list all loaded units and their state (where unit is the term for a job/service)
|
||||||
|
- systemctl list-units - list all units
|
||||||
|
- systemctl start [NAME...] - start (activate) one or more units
|
||||||
|
- systemctl stop [NAME...] - stop (deactivate) one or more units
|
||||||
|
- systemctl disable [NAME...] - disable one or more unit files
|
||||||
|
- systemctl list-unit-files - show all installed unit files and their state
|
||||||
|
- systemctl --failed - show which units failed during boot
|
||||||
|
- systemctl --type=mount - filter for types; types could be: service, mount, device, socket, target
|
||||||
|
- systemctl enable debug-shell.service - start a root shell on TTY 9 for debugging
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For more convinience in handling units, there is the package systemd-ui, which is started as user with the command systemadm.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Switching runlevels, reboot and shutdown are also handled by systemctl:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- systemctl isolate graphical.target - take you to what you know as init 5, where your X-server runs
|
||||||
|
- systemctl isolate multi-user.target - take you to what you know as init 3, TTY, no X
|
||||||
|
- systemctl reboot - shut down and reboot the system
|
||||||
|
- systemctl poweroff - shut down the system
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All these commands, other than the ones for switching runlevels, can be executed as normal user.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Basic Usage of journalctl ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
systemd does not only boot machines faster than the old init system, it also starts logging much earlier, including messages from the kernel initialization phase, the initial RAM disk, the early boot logic, and the main system runtime. So the days where you needed to use a camera to provide the output of a kernel panic or otherwise stalled system for debugging are mostly over.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With systemd, logs are aggregated in the journal which resides in /var/log/. To be able to make full use of the journal, we first need to set it up, as Debian does not do that for you yet:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# addgroup --system systemd-journal
|
||||||
|
# mkdir -p /var/log/journal
|
||||||
|
# chown root:systemd-journal /var/log/journal
|
||||||
|
# gpasswd -a $user systemd-journal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
That will set up the journal in a way where you can query it as normal user. Querying the journal with journalctl offers some advantages over the way syslog works:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- journalctl --all - show the full journal of the system and all its users
|
||||||
|
- journalctl -f - show a live view of the journal (equivalent to "tail -f /var/log/messages")
|
||||||
|
- journalctl -b - show the log since the last boot
|
||||||
|
- journalctl -k -b -1 - show all kernel logs from the boot before last (-b -1)
|
||||||
|
- journalctl -b -p err - shows the log of the last boot, limited to the priority "ERROR"
|
||||||
|
- journalctl --since=yesterday - since Linux people normally do not often reboot, this limits the size more than -b would
|
||||||
|
- journalctl -u cron.service --since='2014-07-06 07:00' --until='2014-07-06 08:23' - show the log for cron for a defined timeframe
|
||||||
|
- journalctl -p 2 --since=today - show the log for priority 2, which covers emerg, alert and crit; resembles syslog priorities emerg (0), alert (1), crit (2), err (3), warning (4), notice (5), info (6), debug (7)
|
||||||
|
- journalctl > yourlog.log - copy the binary journal as text into your current directory
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Journal and syslog can work side-by-side. On the other hand, you can remove any syslog packages like rsyslog or syslog-ng once you are satisfied with the way the journal works.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For very detailed output, append "systemd.log_level=debug" to the kernel boot-time parameter list, and then run:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# journalctl -alb
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Log levels can also be edited in /etc/systemd/system.conf.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Analyzing the Boot Process with systemd ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
systemd allows you to effectively analyze and optimize your boot process:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- systemd-analyze - show how long the last boot took for kernel and userspace
|
||||||
|
- systemd-analyze blame - show details of how long each service took to start
|
||||||
|
- systemd-analyze critical-chain - print a tree of the time-critical chain of units
|
||||||
|
- systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg - put a vector graphic of your boot process (requires graphviz package)
|
||||||
|
- systemd-analyze plot > bootplot.svg - generate a graphical timechart of the boot process
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
systemd has pretty good documentation for such a young project under heavy developement. First of all, there is the [0pointer series by Lennart Poettering][3]. The series is highly technical and quite verbose, and holds a wealth of information. Another good source is the distro agnostic [Freedesktop info page][4] with the largest collection of links to systemd resources, distro specific pages, bugtrackers and documentation. A quick glance at:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# man systemd.index
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
will give you an overview of all systemd man pages. The command structure for systemd for various distributions is pretty much the same, differences are found mainly in the packaging.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/use-systemd-system-administration-debian.html
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[1]:https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2013/10/msg00444.html
|
||||||
|
[2]:https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2014/02/msg00316.html
|
||||||
|
[3]:http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html
|
||||||
|
[4]:http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
|||||||
|
Linux Basics: How To Find Size of Directory Commands
|
||||||
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
This is the first in a series of posts in coming where I’ll be writing about some **basic commands** that that will be of good use to new users.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Note**: This is targeted at people little or no command line experience..
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> How can I as a new user to Linux display directory properties from the terminal?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Requirements ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The only requirement is the **du** command line tool. du comes with almost every Linux distro by default.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Check if du it’s on your system by running the command below in the terminal:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
man du
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**du** command estimates file space usage
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Using du ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Running du with no flag displays names of all directories including sub-directories and sizes in bytes.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
du
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Using the **-h** flag displays the sizes in human readable format, that is **K, M** and **G** representing **Kilobyte, Megabyte** and **Gigabyte** respectively.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
du - h
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To view a specific directory indicate that after du and flag as shown below:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
du -h Mapmaker
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Use -c to see grand **total** displayed:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
du -ch
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Use **-s** flag to display only grand total / disk space used for specific directories:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
du -sh Mapmaker Sandbox
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
See man du for more flags and there uses
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
man du
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Knows other combinations of du? Share with myself and others here too.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-find-size-directory-commands/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
|
|||||||
How To Disable Overlay Scrollbars in Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip]
|
如何在Ubuntu14.04中禁用叠加滚动条【小贴士】
|
||||||
================================================================================
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Hello Guys,
|
Hello 伙计们,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a quick tip on how to disable the over scroll bars in Ubuntu. Note that the overlay feature is NOT removed when this tutorial is followed instead you will be enable or disable.
|
这是一个如何在Ubuntu中禁用叠加滚动条的小贴士。注意，在本文中不是删除叠加功能，相反，你将启用或禁用它。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Disable ###
|
### 禁用 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Open terminal and run
|
打开终端并执行以下命令
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal
|
gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Changes should take effect immediately:
|
更改后会立即生效：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Enable ###
|
### 启用 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
gsettings reset com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode
|
gsettings reset com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -30,14 +30,15 @@ Enjoy!
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
[Enock Seth Nyamador][1]
|
[Enock Seth Nyamador][1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I wears --[0-0]--, an open source addict. A developing African geek. Am a n00b developer and an aspiring photographer. Feel free to connect with me. Want to offer me something or tips? Am ever ready especially in Software development and Photography. Cheers!
|
我穿着--[0-0]--（比基尼？）, 一个开源的瘾君子。一个发展中的非洲geek。我是一个菜鸟开发者和一个有追求的摄影师。想提供给我什么或者是小贴士，请随时与我联系。我随时准备开发和照片。干杯！
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/disable-overlay-scrollbars-ubuntu-14-04-quick-tip/
|
via: http://www.unixmen.com/disable-overlay-scrollbars-ubuntu-14-04-quick-tip/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/seth/
|
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/seth/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
|||||||
|
ncdu – 基于Ncurses库的磁盘使用分析器
|
||||||
|
================================================================================
|
||||||
|
[Ncdu][1] (NCurses Disk Usage) 是一个基于Ncurses库的du命令浏览器. 它通过众所周知的[du][2]命令，为用户提供一个快速且容易被使用的接口. 它显示磁盘使用的百分比且允许你通过ncurses库去浏览目录.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 安装 ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
ncdu已经被移植到大多数linux发行版本，可从官方资源库中安装.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Arch / Manajaro and Derivatives:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
sudo pacman -S ncdu
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu / Debian / Linux Minut and Derivatives:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
sudo apt-get install ncdu
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora and Derivatives:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
sudo yum install ncdu
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在[这里][3]检查其他的发行版本.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 使用 ncdu ###
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Keys:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- up, k — Move cursor up
|
||||||
|
- down, j – Move cursor down
|
||||||
|
- right/enter — Open selected directory
|
||||||
|
- left, <, h — Open parent directory
|
||||||
|
- n — Sort by name (ascending/descending)
|
||||||
|
- s — Sort by size (ascending/descending)
|
||||||
|
- C – Sort by items (ascending/descending)
|
||||||
|
- d – Delete selected file or directory
|
||||||
|
- t — Toggle dirs before files when sorting
|
||||||
|
- g – Show percentage and/or graph
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
为使用ncdu，请打开终端并且运行
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
ncdu
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
开始扫描目录.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
当扫描完成后，你能够很容易的查看文件/目录的大小.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
确认删除文件:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在[这里][4] 阅读ncdu命令手册或运行:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
man ncdu
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**荣誉**: 有两位读者**BasketCase**和**Sama Vim**在阅读[Linux Basics: How To Find Size of Directory Commands][5]之后 向我们推荐Ncdu工具.
|
||||||
|
注：上面这个链接已经做成原文
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Enjoy!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: http://www.unixmen.com/ncdu-ncurses-disk-usage-analyzer/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[1]:http://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu
|
||||||
|
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-find-size-directory-commands/
|
||||||
|
[3]:http://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu
|
||||||
|
[4]:http://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu/man
|
||||||
|
[5]:http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-find-size-directory-commands/
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user