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joeren
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15个关于Linux的‘cd’命令的练习例子
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===========================
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在Linux中，**‘cd‘（改变目录）**命令，是对新手和系统管理员来说，最重要最常用的命令。对管理无图形界面的服务器的管理员，‘**cd**‘是进入目录，检查日志，执行程序/应用软件/脚本和其余每个任务的唯一方法。对新手来说，是他们必须自己动手学习的最初始命令
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*Linux中15个cd命令举例*
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所以，请用心学习，我们在这会带给你**15**个基础的‘**cd**‘命令，它们富有技巧和捷径，学会使用这些了解到的技巧，会大大减少你在终端上花费的努力和时间
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### 课程细节 ###
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- 命令名称：cd
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- 代表：切换目录
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- 使用平台：所有Linux发行版本
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- 执行方式：命令行
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- 权限：访问自己的目录或者其余指定目录
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- 级别：基础/初学者
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1. 从当前目录切换到/usr/local
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avi@tecmint:~$ cd /usr/local
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
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2. 使用绝对路径，从当前目录切换到/usr/local/lib
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd /usr/local/lib
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$
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3. 使用相对路径，从当前路径切换到/usr/local/lib
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd lib
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$
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4. **（a）**切换当前目录到上级目录
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$ cd -
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/usr/local
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
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**（b）**切换当前目录到上级目录
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$ cd ..
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
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5. 显示我们最后一个离开的工作目录（使用‘-’选项）
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd --
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/home/avi
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6. 从当前目录向上级返回两层
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd ../../
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avi@tecmint:/$
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7. 从任何目录返回到用户home目录
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd ~
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avi@tecmint:~$
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或
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd
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avi@tecmint:~$
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8. 切换工作目录到当前工作目录（LCTT：这有什么意义嘛？！）
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avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$ cd .
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avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$
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或
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avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$ cd ./
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avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$
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9. 你当前目录是“/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages”，现在要切换到“/home/avi/Desktop/”，要求：一行命令，通过向上一直切换直到‘/’，然后使用绝对路径
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avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages$ cd ../../../../../home/avi/Desktop/
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avi@tecmint:~/Desktop$
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10. 从当前工作目录切换到/var/www/html，要求：不要将命令打完整，使用TAB
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avi@tecmint:/var/www$ cd /v<TAB>/w<TAB>/h<TAB>
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avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$
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11. 从当前目录切换到/etc/v__ _，啊呀，你竟然忘了目录的名字，但是你又不想用TAB
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avi@tecmint:~$ cd /etc/v*
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avi@tecmint:/etc/vbox$
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**请注意：**如果只有一个目录以‘**v**‘开头，这将会移动到‘**vbox**‘。如果有很多目录以‘**v**‘开头，而且命令行中没有提供更多的标准，这将会移动到第一个以‘**v**‘开头的目录（按照他们在标准字典里字母存在的顺序）
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12. 你想切换到用户‘**av**‘（不确定是avi还是avt）目录，不用**TAB**
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avi@tecmint:/etc$ cd /home/av?
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avi@tecmint:~$
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13. Linux下的pushed和poped
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Pushed和poped是Linux bash命令，也是其他几个能够保存当前工作目录位置至内存，并且从内存读取目录作为当前目录的脚本，这些脚本也可以切换目录
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avi@tecmint:~$ pushd /var/www/html
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/var/www/html ~
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avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$
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上面的命令保存当前目录到内存，然后切换到要求的目录。一旦poped被执行，它会从内存取出保存的目录位置，作为当前目录
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avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$ popd
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~
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avi@tecmint:~$
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14. 切换到名字带有空格的目录
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avi@tecmint:~$ cd test\ tecmint/
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avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
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或
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avi@tecmint:~$ cd 'test tecmint'
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avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
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或
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avi@tecmint:~$ cd "test tecmint"/
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avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
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15. 从当前目录切换到下载目录，然后列出它所包含的内容（使用一行命令）
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avi@tecmint:/usr$ cd ~/Downloads && ls
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...
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.
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service_locator_in.xls
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sources.list
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teamviewer_linux_x64.deb
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tor-browser-linux64-3.6.3_en-US.tar.xz
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.
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...
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我们尝试使用最少的词句和一如既往的友好，来让你了解Linux的工作和执行
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这就是所有内容。我很快会带着另一个有趣的主题回来的。
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---
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/cd-command-in-linux/
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作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
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译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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Linux有问必答——如何修复“运行aclocal失败：没有该文件或目录”
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Linux有问必答:如何修复“运行aclocal失败：没有该文件或目录”
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================================================================================
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> **问题**：我试着在Linux上构建一个程序，该程序的开发版本是使用“autogen.sh”脚本进行的。当我运行它来创建配置脚本时，却发生了下面的错误：
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>
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Linux有问必答——如何修复“运行aclocal失败：没有该文件或
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/fix-failed-to-run-aclocal.html
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
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Email生日快乐
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他发明了 Email ？
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================================================================================
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[编者按：本文所述的 Email 发明人的观点存在很大的争议，请读者留意，以我的观点来看，其更应该被称作为某个 Email 应用系统的发明人，其所发明的一些功能和特性，至今沿用。——wxy]
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|
||||
**一个印度裔美国人用他天才的头脑发明了电子邮件，而从此以后我们没有哪一天可以离开电子邮件。**
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@ -18,6 +20,6 @@ via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=147170
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作者：Sanchari Banerjee
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译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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||||
|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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QuiteRSS: Linux桌面的RSS阅读器
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||||
================================================================================
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||||
[QuiteRSS][1]是一个自由[开源][2]的RSS/Atome阅读器。它可以在Windows、Linux和Mac上运行。它用C++/QT编写,所以它有许多的特点。
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[QuiteRSS][1]是一个免费的[开源][2]RSS/Atome阅读器。它可以在Windows、Linux和Mac上运行。它用C++/QT编写。它有许多的特色功能。
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QuiteRSS的界面让我想起Lotus Notes mail，会有很多RSS信息排列在大小合适的方块上，你可以通过标签分组。需要查找东西时，只需在下面板上打开RSS信息。
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QuiteRSS的界面让我想起Lotus Notes mail，会有很多RSS信息排列在右侧面板上，你可以通过标签分组。点击一个 RSS 条目时，会在下方的面板里面显示该信息。
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除了上述功能，它还有一个广告屏蔽器，一个报纸输出视图，通过URL特性导入RSS等众多功能。你可以在[这里][3]查找到完整的功能列表。
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除了上述功能，它还有一个广告屏蔽器，一个报纸视图，通过URL导入RSS源等众多功能。你可以在[这里][3]查找到完整的功能列表。
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### 在 Ubuntu 和 Linux Mint 上安装 QuiteRSS ###
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@ -20,19 +20,19 @@ QuiteRSS在Ubuntu 14.04 和 Linux Mint 17中可用。你可以通过以下命令
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install quiterss
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上面的命令在所有基于Ubuntu的发行版都支持，比如Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Linux Lite, Pinguy OS等等。对于其他Linux发行版和平台上,你可以从 [下载页][5]获得源码来安装。
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上面的命令支持所有基于Ubuntu的发行版，比如Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Linux Lite, Pinguy OS等等。对于其他Linux发行版和平台上,你可以从 [下载页][5]获得源码来安装。
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### 卸载 QuiteRSS ###
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用下方命令卸载 QuiteRSS：
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用下列命令卸载 QuiteRSS：
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sudo apt-get remove quiterss
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如果你使用了PPA,你还需要从源列表中把仓库删除：
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如果你使用了PPA,你还也应该从源列表中把仓库删除：
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sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:quiterss/quiterss
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QuiteRSS是一个不错的开源RSS阅读器，尽管我更喜欢[Feedly][6]。尽管现在 Feedly 还没有Linux桌面程序，但是你依然可以在网页浏览器中使用。希望你会觉得QuiteRSS值得在桌面Linux一试。
|
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QuiteRSS是一个不错的开源RSS阅读器，尽管我更喜欢[Feedly][6]。不过现在 Feedly 还没有Linux桌面程序，但是你依然可以在网页浏览器中使用。希望你会觉得QuiteRSS值得在桌面Linux一试。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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Linux有问必答——如何查找并移除Ubuntu上陈旧的PPA仓库
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================================================================================
|
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> **问题**：我试着通过运行apt-get update命令来再次同步包索引文件，但是却出现了“404 无法找到”的错误，看起来似乎是我不能从先前添加的第三方PPA仓库中获取最新的索引。我怎样才能清楚这些破损而且陈旧的PPA仓库呢？
|
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> **问题**：我试着通过运行apt-get update命令来再次同步包索引文件，但是却出现了“404 无法找到”的错误，看起来似乎是我不能从先前添加的第三方PPA仓库中获取最新的索引。我怎样才能清除这些破损而且陈旧的PPA仓库呢？
|
||||
|
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Err http://ppa.launchpad.net trusty/main amd64 Packages
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404 Not Found
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Linux有问必答——如何查找并移除Ubuntu上陈旧的PPA仓库
|
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|
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E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
|
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|
||||
但你试着更新APT包索引时，“404 无法找到”错误总是会在版本更新之后发生。就是说，在你升级你的Ubuntu发行版后，你在旧的版本上添加的一些第三方PPA仓库就不再受新版本的支持。在此种情况下，你可以像下面这样来**鉴别并清除那些破损的PPA仓库**。
|
||||
当你试着更新APT包索引时，“404 无法找到”错误总是会在版本更新之后发生。就是说，在你升级你的Ubuntu发行版后，你在旧的版本上添加的一些第三方PPA仓库就不再受新版本的支持。在此种情况下，你可以像下面这样来**鉴别并清除那些破损的PPA仓库**。
|
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|
||||
首先，找出那些引起“404 无法找到”错误的PPA。
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Linux有问必答——如何查找并移除Ubuntu上陈旧的PPA仓库
|
||||
|
||||
在本例中，Ubuntu Trusty不再支持的PPA仓库是“ppa:finalterm/daily”。
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去吧，去[移除PPA仓库][1]。
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去[移除PPA仓库][1]吧。
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||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:finalterm/daily
|
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|
||||
@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ Linux有问必答——如何查找并移除Ubuntu上陈旧的PPA仓库
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在移除所有过时PPA仓库后，重新运行“apt-get update”命令来检查它们是否都被移除。
|
||||
在移除所有过时的PPA仓库后，重新运行“apt-get update”命令来检查它们是否都被成功移除。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/find-remove-obsolete-ppa-repositories-ubuntu.html
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||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,27 +1,26 @@
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||||
2q1w2007翻译中
|
||||
世界上最小的发行版之一Tiny Core有了新的更新
|
||||
世界上最小的发行版之一Tiny Core有了更新
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tiny Core
|
||||
|
||||
**Robert Shingledecker 刚刚发布了最新可用的最终版本的Tiny Core 5.4,这也使它成为世界上最小的发行版之一**
|
||||
**Robert Shingledecker 宣布了最终版本的Tiny Core 5.4 Linux操作系统已经可以即刻下载,这也使它成为世界上最小的发行版之一。**
|
||||
|
||||
发行版的名字说明了一切,但是开发者依然集成了一些有意思的包和一个轻量的桌面。这次最新的迭代只有一个候选版本,而且它将会是有史以来最安静的版本。
|
||||
发行版的名字说明了一切,但是开发者依然集成了一些有意思的包和一个轻量的桌面来与它相匹配。这次最新的迭代只有一个候选版本，而且它也是迄今为止最安静的版本之一。
|
||||
|
||||
官网上的开发者说"Tiny Core是一个简单的例子来示范核心项目可以提供什么。,它提供了一个12MB的FLTK/FLWM桌面。用户对提供的程序和外加的硬件有完整的控制权。你可以把它用在桌面、笔记本或者服务器上,这可以由用户在从在线库中安装附加程序时选择,或者用提供的工具编译大多数你需要的。"
|
||||
官网上的开发者说"Tiny Core是一个简单的范例来说明核心项目可以提供什么。它提供了一个12MB的FLTK/FLWM桌面。用户对提供的程序和外加的硬件有完整的控制权。你可以把它用在桌面、笔记本或者服务器上,这可以由用户从在线库中安装附加程序时选择,或者用提供的工具编译大多数你需要的。"
|
||||
|
||||
根据更新日志,NFS的入口被添加,'Done'将在新的一行里显示,udev也升级到174来修复竞态条件问题。
|
||||
|
||||
关于修改和升级的完整内容可以在官方的[声明][1]里找到。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以下载Tiny Core Linux 5.4.
|
||||
你可以点击以下链接下载Tiny Core Linux 5.4.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Tiny Core Linux 5.4 (ISO)][2][iso] [14 MB]
|
||||
- [Tiny Core Plus 5.4 (ISO)][3][iso] [72 MB]
|
||||
- [Core 5.4 (ISO)][4][iso] [8.90 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
这些分发都有Live,你可以在安装之前试用。
|
||||
这些发行版都有Live,你可以在安装之前试用。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/One-of-the-Smallest-Distros-in-the-World-Tin
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
|
||||
译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -37,4 +36,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/One-of-the-Smallest-Distros-in-the-World-Tin
|
||||
[1]:http://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/topic,17487.0.html
|
||||
[2]:http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/tinycorelinux/5.x/x86/release/TinyCore-5.4.iso
|
||||
[3]:http://repo.tinycorelinux.net/5.x/x86/release/CorePlus-5.4.iso
|
||||
[4]:http://distro.ibiblio.org/tinycorelinux/5.x/x86/release/Core-current.iso
|
||||
[4]:http://distro.ibiblio.org/tinycorelinux/5.x/x86/release/Core-current.iso
|
||||
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Microsoft Lobby Denies the State of Chile Access to Free Software
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Fuerza Chile
|
||||
|
||||
Fresh on the heels of the entire Munich and Linux debacle, another story involving Microsoft and free software has popped up across the world, in Chile. A prolific magazine from the South American country says that the powerful Microsoft lobby managed to turn around a law that would allow the authorities to use free software.
|
||||
|
||||
The story broke out from a magazine called El Sábado de El Mercurio, which explains in great detail how the Microsoft lobby works and how it can overturn a law that may harm its financial interests.
|
||||
|
||||
An independent member of the Chilean Parliament, Vlado Mirosevic, pushed a bill that would allow the state to consider free software when the authorities needed to purchase or renew licenses. The state of Chile pays $2.7 billion (€2 billion) on licenses from various companies, including Microsoft.
|
||||
|
||||
According to [ubuntizando.com][1], Microsoft representatives met with Vlado Mirosevic shortly after he announced his intentions, but the bill passed the vote, with 64 votes in favor, 12 abstentions, and one vote against it. That one vote was cast by Daniel Farcas, a member of a Chilean party.
|
||||
|
||||
A while later, the same member of the Parliament, Daniel Farcas, proposed another bill that actually nullified the effects of the previous one that had just been adopted. To make things even more interesting, some of the people who voted in favor of the first law also voted in favor of the second one.
|
||||
|
||||
The new bill is even more egregious, because it aggressively pushes for the adoption of proprietary software. Companies that choose to use proprietary software will receive certain tax breaks, which makes it very hard for free software to get adopted.
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft has been in the news in the last few days because the [German city of Munich that adopted Linux][2] and dropped Windows system from its administration was considering, supposedly, returning to proprietary software.
|
||||
|
||||
This new situation in Chile give us a sample of the kind of pull a company like Microsoft has and it shows us just how fragile laws really are. This is not the first time a company tries to bend the laws in a country to maximize the profits, but the advent of free software and the clear financial advantages that it offers are really making a dent.
|
||||
|
||||
Five years ago, few people or governments would have considered adopting free software, but the quality of that software has risen dramatically and it has become a real competition [for the likes of Microsoft][3].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Microsoft-Lobby-Denies-the-State-of-Chile-Access-to-Free-Software-455598.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
|
||||
[1]:http://www.ubuntizando.com/2014/08/20/microsoft-chile-y-el-poder-del-lobby/
|
||||
[2]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Munich-Disappointed-with-Linux-Plans-to-Switch-Back-to-Windows-455405.shtml
|
||||
[3]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Munich-Switching-to-Windows-from-Linux-Is-Proof-that-Microsoft-Is-Still-an-Evil-Company-455510.shtml
|
||||
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Transport Tycoon Deluxe Remake OpenTTD 1.4.2 Is an Almost Perfect Sim
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Transport Tycoon
|
||||
|
||||
**OpenTTD 1.4.2, an open source simulation game based on the popular Microprose title Transport Tycoon written by Chris Sawyer, has been officially released.**
|
||||
|
||||
Transport Tycoon is a very old game that was originally launched back in 1995, but it made such a huge impact on the gaming community that, even almost 20 years later, it still has a powerful fan base.
|
||||
|
||||
In fact, Transport Tycoon Deluxe had such an impact on the gaming industry that it managed to spawn an entire generation of similar games and it has yet to be surpassed by any new title, even though many have tried.
|
||||
|
||||
Despite the aging graphics, the developers of OpenTTD have tried to provide new challenges for the fans of the original games. To put things into perspective, the original game is already two decades old. That means that someone who was 20 years old back then is now in his forties and he is the main audience for OpenTTD.
|
||||
|
||||
"OpenTTD is modelled after the original Transport Tycoon game by Chris Sawyer and enhances the game experience dramatically. Many features were inspired by TTDPatch while others are original," reads the official announcement.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenTTD features bigger maps (up to 64 times in size), stable multiplayer mode for up to 255 players in 15 companies, a dedicated server mode and an in-game console for administration, IPv6 and IPv4 support for all communication of the client and server, new pathfinding algorithms that makes vehicles go where you want them to, different configurable models for acceleration of vehicles, and much more.
|
||||
|
||||
According to the changelog, awk is now used instead of trying to convince cpp to preprocess nfo files, CMD_CLEAR_ORDER_BACKUP is no longer suppressed by pause modes, the Wrong breakdown sound is no longer played for ships, integer overflow in the acceleration code is no longer causing either too low acceleration or too high acceleration, incorrectly saved order backups are now discarded when clients join, and the game no longer crashes when trying to show an error about vehicle in a NewGRF and the NewGRF was not loaded at all.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, the Slovak language no longer uses space as group separator in numbers, the parameter bound checks are now tighter on GSCargoMonitor functions, the days in dates are not represented by ordinal numbers in all languages, and the incorrect usage of string commands in the base language has been fixed.
|
||||
|
||||
Check out the [changelog][1] for a complete list of updates and fixes.
|
||||
|
||||
Download OpenTTD 1.4.2:
|
||||
|
||||
- [http://www.openttd.org/en/download-stable][2]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Transport-Tycoon-Deluxe-Remake-OpenTTD-1-4-2-Is-an-Almost-Perfect-Sim-455715.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
|
||||
[1]:http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/games/openttd/binaries/releases/1.4.2/changelog.txt
|
||||
[2]:http://www.openttd.org/en/download-stable
|
||||
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[sailing]
|
||||
Munich Council: LiMux Demise Has Been Greatly Exaggerated
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
LiMux – Munich City Council’s Official OS
|
||||
|
||||
A Munich city council spokesman has attempted to clarify the reasons behind its [plan to re-examine the role of open-source][1] software in local government IT systems.
|
||||
|
||||
The response comes after numerous German media outlets revealed that the city’s incoming mayor has asked for a report into the use of LiMux, the open-source Linux distribution used by more than 80% of municipalities.
|
||||
|
||||
Reports quoted an unnamed city official, who claimed employees were ‘suffering’ from having to use open-source software. Others called it an ‘expensive failure’, with the deputy mayor, Josef Schmid, saying the move was ‘driven by ideology’, not financial prudence.
|
||||
|
||||
With Munich often viewed as the poster child for large Linux migrations, news of the potential renege quickly went viral. Now council spokesman Stefan Hauf has attempted to bring clarity to the situation.
|
||||
|
||||
### ‘Plans for the future’ ###
|
||||
|
||||
Hauf confirms that the city’s new mayor has requested a review of the city’s IT systems, including its choice of operating systems. But the report is not, as implied in earlier reports, solely tasked with deciding whether to return to using Microsoft Windows.
|
||||
|
||||
**“It’s about the organisation, the costs, performance and the usability and satisfaction of the users,”** [Techrepublic][2] quote him as saying.
|
||||
|
||||
**“[It's about gathering the] facts so we can decide and make a proposal for the city council how to proceed in future.”**
|
||||
|
||||
Hauf also confirms that council staff have, and do, complain about LiMux, but that the majority of issues stem from compatibility issues in OpenOffice, something a potential switch to LibreOffice could solve.
|
||||
|
||||
So is Munich about to switch back to Windows? As we said in our original coverage: it’s just too early to say, but it’s not being ruled out.
|
||||
|
||||
No final date for the report’s recommendations is yet set, and any binding decision on Munich’s IT infrastructure will need to be made by its elected members, the majority of whom are said to ‘support’ the LiMux initiative.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/munich-council-say-talk-limux-demise-greatly-exaggerated
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/munich-city-linux-switching-back-windows
|
||||
[2]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/no-munich-isnt-about-to-ditch-free-software-and-move-back-to-windows/
|
||||
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Red Hat Shake-up, Desktop Users, and Outta Time
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Our top story tonight is the seemingly sudden resignation of Red Hat CTO Brian Stevens. In other news, John C. Dvorak says "Linux has run out of time" and Infoworld.com says there may be problems with Red Hat Enterprise 7. OpenSource.com has a couple of interesting interviews and Nick Heath has five big names that use Linux on the desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
**In a late afternoon** [press release][1], Red Hat announced the resignation of long-time CTO Brian Stevens. Paul Cormier will be handling CTO duties until Stevens' replacement is named. No reason for the sudden resignation was given although CEO Whitehurst said, "We want to thank Brian for his years of service and numerous contributions to Red Hat’s business. We wish him well in his future endeavors." However, Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols says some rumors are flying. One says friction between Stevens and Cormier caused the resignation and others say Stevens had higher ambitions than Red Hat could provide. He'd been with Red Hat since 2001 and had been CTO at Mission Critical Linux before that [according to Vaughan-Nichols][2] who also said Stevens' Red Hat page was gone within seconds of the announcement.
|
||||
|
||||
**Speaking of Red Hat**, InfoWorld.com has a review of RHEL 7 available to the general public today. Reviewer Paul Venezia runs down the new features, but soon mentions systemd as one of the many new features "certain to cause consternation." After offering his opinion on several other key features and even throwing in a tip or two, [Venezia concludes][3], "RHEL 7 is a fairly significant departure from the expected full-revision release from Red Hat. This is not merely a reskinning of the previous release with updated packages, a more modern kernel, and some new toolkits and widgets. This is a very different release than RHEL 6 in any form, mostly due to the move to Systemd."
|
||||
|
||||
**Our own Sam Dean** [today said][4] that Linux doesn't need to own the desktop because of its success in many other key areas. While that may be true, Nick Heath today listed "five big names that use Linux on the desktop." He said besides Munich, there's Google for one and they even have their own Ubuntu derivative. He lists a couple of US government agencies and then mentions CERN and others. See that [full story][5] for more.
|
||||
|
||||
Despite that feel-good report, John C. Dvorak said he's tired of waiting for someone to develop that one "killer app" that would bring in the masses or satisfy his needs. [He says][6] he has to make podcasts and "photographic art" and he just can't do that with Linux. Our native applications "do not cut it in the end."
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/red-hat-shake-up-desktop-users-and-outta-time
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Susan Linton][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ostatic.com/member/susan-linton
|
||||
[1]:http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140827006134/en/Brian-Stevens-Step-CTO-Red-Hat#.U_5AlvFdX0p
|
||||
[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/red-hat-chief-technology-officer-resigns-7000033058/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.infoworld.com/d/data-center/review-rhel-7-lands-jolt-249219
|
||||
[4]:http://ostatic.com/blog/linux-doesnt-need-to-own-the-desktop
|
||||
[5]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/five-big-names-that-use-linux-on-the-desktop/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2465125,00.asp
|
||||
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3.1 Has More than 100 Fixes and DOCX Embedded Objects Support
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice selection menu
|
||||
|
||||
**The Document Foundation announces that the stable version of LibreOffice 4.3.1 has been released and is now available for download.**
|
||||
|
||||
The developers from The Document Foundation have released a new update for the 4.3 branch of LibreOffice and they have implemented quite a few fixes and other various changes. The development cycle for this latest update has been rather short and the devs managed to repair most of the issues that have been found.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3.1 is just maintenance release, which means that the focus has been about the bugs found so far. Don't expect to find anything extraordinary, but you should upgrade the software nonetheless.
|
||||
|
||||
"The Document Foundation announces LibreOffice 4.3.1, the first minor release of LibreOffice 4.3 'fresh' family, with over 100 fixes (including patches for two CVEs, backported to LibreOffice 4.2.6-secfix, which is also available for download now)."
|
||||
|
||||
"All LibreOffice users are invited to update their installation as soon as possible to avoid security issues. This includes users who are running LibreOffice 4.2.6 as originally released on August, 5th 2014. LibreOffice 4.3.1 and LibreOffice 4.2.6 will be shown on stage at the LibreOffice Conference in Bern, from September 3 to September 5, with a large number of sessions about development, community, marketing and migrations," reads the announcement made by The Linux Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
According to the changelog, editing the text search with expanded fields is now working properly, the static value array for OOXML chart is now handled correctly, bullets now have the color as the following text by default, ww8import no longer creates a pagedesc if a continuous section changes margins, the 0 font height is now handled just like outdev, it's now possible to import OLE objects in the header with background wrapping, the XLSX export of revisions has been fixed in order to get it to work in Excel, and borders around data labels are now supported.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, the table style for lastRow is now correctly applied, the rulers now have app-background by default, the graphics are now swapped in on DrawingML::WriteImage, the redundant 'Preferences' label has been removed in order to save some space, page breaks in tables are now ignored during the RTF import, some of the style hierarchy has been reworked, Data Statistics no longer crashes with any entry, DOCX embedded objects are now supported, and numerous other improvements have been made.
|
||||
|
||||
More details about this release can be found in the official [announcement][1].
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download LibreOffice 4.3.1 for Linux][2]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/LibreOffice-4-3-1-Has-More-Than-100-Fixes-and-DOCX-Embedded-Objects-Support-456916.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
|
||||
[1]:http://blog.documentfoundation.org/2014/08/28/libreoffice-4-3-1-fresh-announced/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
Translating by ZTinoZ
|
||||
Red Hat Acquires FeedHenry for $82 Million to Advance Mobile Development
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Red Hat jumps into the mobile development sector with a key acquisition.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Red Hat's CEO Sees Open Source Cloud Domination
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Red Hat CEO Jim Whitehurst sees the business opportunity of a generation in what he calls a computing paradigm shift from client server to cloud architectures. “In those paradigm shifts, generally new winners emerge,” says Whitehurst and he intends to make sure Red Hat is one of those winners. His logic is sound and simple: disruptive technologies like the cloud that arise every couple decades level the playing field between large, established firms and smaller, innovative challengers since everyone, from corporate behemoth to a couple guys in a garage, starts from the same spot and must play by the same unfamiliar and changeable rules. With the cloud “there’s less of an installed based and an opportunity for new winners to be chosen,” Whitehurst adds. His mission is “to see that open source is the default choice for next generation architecture” and that Red Hat is the preferred choice, particularly for enterprise IT, of open source providers.
|
||||
|
||||
The case for open source dominating the cloud rests on the fact that it’s already the foundation for many popular cloud services and enterprise applications. Whitehurst aptly notes that outside of Microsoft Azure, the underlying infrastructure of all the major public cloud services is built upon open source software. Furthermore, software like Linux, Apache, MySQL, WordPress and many others are already widely used and trusted by most enterprises. “In many cases [open source] already is the default choice for next generation architectures, but it hasn’t fully driven itself through the traditional enterprise data center,” he says. Cloud software is the next and most important software category up for open source disruption.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Yet open source is still saddled with a reputation for widely variable software quality and support, something the recent OpenSSL Heartbleed bug only reinforced. However Whitehurst contends that strong enterprise adoption of Red Hat’s Linux distribution and it’s training and skills certification programs lends credibility to a similar plan for the cloud: [Red Hat’s Cloud Partner Program][1]. He believes such insurance policies alleviate enterprise IT’s fears of adopting open source software for both internal, private clouds and external public cloud services. Red Hat wants its imprimatur to be the Good Housekeeping seal of approval for open source in general and cloud software in specific, namely IT’s assurance that their applications will work and the service is trustworthy and reliable.
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat’s strategy to make open source clouds safe for the enterprise is mirrors that used to break into the market for enterprise server software. There, “Job one for Red Hat is making sure our operating system and layers above that work well on anyone’s infrastructure underneath,” says Whitehurst. Red Hat is applying this same model of polishing, integrating and supporting open source software to cloud stacks. “One of the most important parts about cloud, public, private or hybrid, is a sense that you can confidently run your applications,” says Whitehurst and he believes Red Hat’s track record on Linux and other open source products will carry over to make Red Hat “the enterprise choice” for cloud architectures.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cloud isn’t just virtualization 2.0 ###
|
||||
|
||||
One of the conundrums for OpenStack advocates like Whitehurst is the entrenchment of Microsoft and VMware in the enterprise market. Although virtual servers are a prerequisite for clouds, they’re sufficient. Countering the notion that enterprise clouds are just a natural extension of virtualized servers and storage, Whitehurst argues that by setting new rules for infrastructure and application design, cloud infrastructure is more than just the natural evolution of server virtualization.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Whitehurst draws an important distinction between traditional client-server and cloud-optimized applications. “One of the big questions will be how much of this [cloud adoption] is moving traditional Windows workloads, which frankly were written as stateful apps in the first place. [Instead] are we talking about a new generation of applications that are actually built with elasticity and scalability in mind.” Whitehurst clearly believes cloud infrastructure is much more appropriate for the latter and that in such Greenfield scenarios, OpenStack and other open source software have established themselves as the preferred platform. Contrasting OpenStack, based on the Linux KVM hypervisor and VMware or Microsoft using their proprietary virtual machine platforms, Whitehurst says, “Longer term, nobody really cares what the hypervisor is, you just expect it to work and bluntly, as long as Red Hat supports you on it, why do you have to care,” adding “more and more, you’ll see the hypervisor mattering less and less.” Of course, VMware and Microsoft probably agree, both having moved their energies to building more sophisticated management platforms and making the hypervisor a baseline feature.
|
||||
|
||||
But in Whitehurst’s view of the world, traditional virtualization platforms like VMware or Microsoft Hyper-V are legacy infrastructure designed for yesterday’s client-server software, not the sort of distributed, rapidly relocatable, elastically scalable applications that define the era of big data, SaaS and social software. “I’m not sure what good you get out of putting Exchange on a cloud,” he quips. Instead, he says this new generation of cloud-optimized applications are the sweet spot for OpenStack. According to Whitehurst, “If you look at where most new applications are getting built, and therefore where so much of the innovation around languages, frameworks and management paradigms are happening, it’s around an open infrastructure.” But there’s obviously some selection bias in Whitehurst’s account, as he lives in an open source world where it’s easy to be unaware, overlook or ignore the innovation happening on proprietary cloud platforms like Azure, AWS and vCloud.
|
||||
|
||||
In sum, Whitehurst hopes and expects OpenStack to do to VMware what Linux did to Windows: to become the first choice of cloud-savvy startups and if not the default choice, at least an accepted and respectable alternative within the enterprise. In my next column I’ll explain that even for an open source champion like Whitehurst, OpenStack versus VMware vCloud or Microsoft Azure isn’t an either/or choice and how he sees the fundamental notion of cloud computing as based on virtual machines as an design model likely to change.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtmarko/2014/06/08/red-hat-ceo-open-source-clouds/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.redhat.com/partners/become/cloud/
|
||||
@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux hiring frenzy: Why open source devs are being bombarded with offers to jump ship
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Summary: Figures from the Linux Foundation suggest skills shortages across disciplines and throughout Europe.
|
||||
|
||||
Nine out of ten (87 percent) of hiring managers in Europe have "hiring Linux talent" on their list of priorities and almost half (48 percent) say they are looking to hire people with Linux skills within the next six months.
|
||||
|
||||
But while they either need or want to hire more people with Linux skills, the data from the Linux Foundation suggests that this is easier said than done. Almost all — 93 percent — of the managers surveyed said they were having difficulty finding IT professionals with the Linux skills required and a quarter (25 percent) said they have "delayed projects as a result".
|
||||
|
||||
All of this makes it a good time to be a Linux expert.
|
||||
|
||||
Seven out of 10 Europe-based Linux professionals have received calls where they were pitched new positions in the past six months, and a third said they had received more calls than in the previous six months. One in three are looking to move anyway, and over half of them said it would be fairly or very easy. Salary is the biggest reason to move jobs, followed by work-life balance and the chance to gain additional skills.
|
||||
|
||||
Employers are trying harder to keep hold of staff too: In the past six months, 29 percent of Linux professionals say they have been offered a higher salary from their current employers, while a quarter said they’ve been offered a flexible work schedule and one in five have been extended additional training opportunities or certification.
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux Foundation, a non-profit organisation which supports the growth of Linux, and Dice Holdings, which provides career sites for technology professionals, produced the research which covers Europe and the US.
|
||||
|
||||
In terms of the specific skills organisations are looking for people with the developer (69 percent) and enterprise management (51 percent) skills. These are followed by 32 percent of respondents who are looking for people with a combination of development and operations skills (DevOps), and 19 percent who are in management/IT management.
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux Job Report has been produced for the last three years by the Linux Foundation and Dice but this is the first time that a specific report on European skills has been separated out of the worldwide report. Some 893 Linux professionals responded to the survey across Europe.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.zdnet.com/linux-hiring-frenzy-why-open-source-devs-are-being-bombarded-with-offers-to-jump-ship-7000030418/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
|
||||
The Companies That Support Linux: Rackspace
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[][1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Rackspace][1] has lately been in the news for its stock market gains and a [potential acquisition][2]. But over the past 16 years the company has become well known, first as a web hosting provider built on Linux and open source, and later as a [pioneer of the open source cloud][3] and founder of the OpenStack cloud platform.
|
||||
|
||||
In May, Rackspace became a [Xen Project][4] member and was one of [three companies to join the Linux Foundation][5] as a corporate member, along with CoreOS and Cumulus Networks.
|
||||
|
||||
“Many of the applications and infrastructure that we need to run for internal use or for customers run best on Linux,” said Paul Voccio, Senior Director of Software Development at Rackspace, via email. “This includes all the popular language frameworks and open virtualization platforms such as Xen, LXC, KVM, Docker, etc.”
|
||||
|
||||
In this Q&A, Voccio discusses the role of Rackspace in the cloud, how the company uses Linux, why they joined the Linux Foundation, as well as current trends and future technologies in the data center.
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux.com: What is Rackspace? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Paul Voccio: Rackspace is the managed cloud specialist and founder of OpenStack, the open-source operating system for the cloud. Hundreds of thousands of customers look to Rackspace to deliver the best-fit hybrid cloud solutions for their IT needs, leveraging a product and services portfolio that allows workloads to run where they perform best – whether on the public cloud, private cloud, dedicated servers, or a combination of platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
As a managed cloud pioneer, we give our customers 24x7 access to cloud engineers for everything from planning and architecting to building and operating clouds through our award-winning Fanatical Support®. We help customers successfully architect, deploy and run their most critical applications. Or, more plainly put, we’re cloud specialists so you don’t have to be. We are headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, and operate a global support and engineering organization with data centers on four continents.
|
||||
|
||||
### How and why do you use Linux? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Rackspace uses Linux because it provides a stable and flexible platform for our customers' workloads. Our customers trust us to support their mission-critical applications and we need reliable infrastructure – including software and hardware – to meet their expectations. If you look under the hood in our dedicated environments or in our expansive cloud infrastructure, you'll find Linux running there.
|
||||
|
||||
Many of the applications and infrastructure that we need to run for internal use or for customers run best on Linux. This includes all the popular language frameworks and open virtualization platforms such as Xen, LXC, KVM, Docker, etc. Running combinations of these platforms give us the stability and performance we demand for the Rackspace Cloud. Our Cloud Servers product runs OpenStack services that manage tens of thousands of hypervisors – all running Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Using Linux also allows us to tap into a community of experts to solve problems. When we have an issue, we're comfortable asking questions. When we have a solution, we enjoy sharing it with the community. At Rackspace, we understand how to work and contribute in an open community and Linux has many opportunities to build relationships with other groups that have similar goals.
|
||||
|
||||
### Why did you join the Linux Foundation? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Joining the Linux Foundation allows us to show our support and engage the Linux community in new ways. We've learned plenty from running Linux in highly demanding environments at a large scale and we're eager to share those experiences. Other members of the community have probably run into different challenges than we have and this gives us a greater opportunity to learn from them as well.
|
||||
|
||||
### What interesting or innovative trends are you witnessing in the data center and what role does Linux play in them? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Virtualization and automation have changed how companies deploy hardware and software. Linux gives us several virtualization options and these allow us to automate more of our infrastructure deployments and maintenance tasks. Automation and configuration management frameworks allow us to reduce our costs, improve our testing capabilities, and bring products to market faster. The majority of these open source automation frameworks run best on Linux servers.
|
||||
|
||||
### How is Rackspace participating in that innovation? ###
|
||||
|
||||
We leverage several open-source Linux-based tools and projects to deliver great customer outcomes. One of our largest efforts in this area is with OpenStack. It's the software that runs our public and private clouds and we're actively engaged with the community to improve it. We're using Linux to find new ways to scale our large virtualization platform and deliver infrastructure to customers quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
The open-source nature of Linux inspires us to share the majority of these discoveries with the community. Our customers can improve OpenStack and those improvements will eventually make it into our product offering. We make contributions to a countless number of open source projects either as a company or as individual Rackers (our employees are called "Rackers") and many of these projects are designed to run on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### What other future technologies or industries do you think Linux and open source will increasingly become important in and why? ###
|
||||
|
||||
The move to software-defined infrastructure is a big shift. Customers already have access to virtualization platforms like Xen that allow them to define their infrastructure with software. Software-defined networking is quickly becoming more mature and scalable. However, customers want the ability to have a software defined datacenter at their fingertips. This may involve physical servers, virtual servers, and virtual networks that need high performance with flexible configurations. Many of the current technologies are designed to run on Linux due to technology already available in the kernel or userland frameworks provided by the community.
|
||||
|
||||
### Are you hiring? ###
|
||||
|
||||
From hacking on kernels to supporting thousands of virtual machines – we are always looking for talented admins, developers and engineers. You can find more information at Rackertalent.com.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/200-libby-clark/775890-the-companies-that-support-linux-rackspace/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.rackspace.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-15/rackspace-hires-morgan-stanley-to-evaluate-options.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/9-more-cloud-computing-pioneers/d/d-id/1109120
|
||||
[4]:http://www.xenproject.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/05/new-linux-foundation-members-advance-massively-scalable-secure
|
||||
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Fire Phone Dynamic Perspective tracks eyes for 3D UI
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3D on phones is back, and it's Amazon giving it a try this time with Dynamic Perspective on the new [Fire Phone][1]. Eschewing a "true" 3D display as we've seen before, the Fire Phone's system instead uses four front-facing cameras to track the user's eyes, and adjusts the on-screen UI so that the various layers shift around to give the impression of 3D.
|
||||
|
||||
A combination of physically tilting the phone and moving your head as you hold it can be used to navigate through the interface and apps. So, tilting the Fire Phone can scroll through the browser, rather than having to swipe around with a fingertip.
|
||||
|
||||
youtube视频链接地址：[http://www.youtube.com/embed/iB75HJe8eiI][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, with a carousel of items in Amazon's store on the phone, tilting the handset left and right pans through the products.
|
||||
|
||||
youtube视频链接地址：[http://www.youtube.com/embed/lwj0hlE8CJc][3]
|
||||
|
||||
In ebooks, the Kindle app can scroll through according to how you're holding it. The settings can be switched between adjusting speed depending on how extreme the tilt angle is, or locking it to a fixed rate if you'd rather have things be predictable.
|
||||
|
||||
### This is the Amazon Fire Phone ###
|
||||
|
||||
Maps, too, get Dynamic Perspective support. Moving the Fire Phone around can show what's "hiding" behind 3D buildings or on different layers. Tilting can also be used to open up menus, in games for motion control, and even to navigate between the now-playing and lyrics UIs in the Prime Music app.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
All that 3D didn't come easy, though. Based on the fact that every face is different, with variations in hair color, shape, whether they wear glasses, and other factors, Amazon had to put Dynamic Perspective through some serious testing.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In the companies labs, that involved a somewhat nightmarish rubber head on a stick, but then Amazon expanded that to use real-world data from thousands of photos of people. The use of four cameras means that, no matter what may be blocking the screen, the Fire Phone should be able to spot the user properly.
|
||||
|
||||
youtube视频链接地址：[http://www.youtube.com/embed/X-wPOq27iXk][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Whether it'll all work as Bezos says, or be something owners quickly turn off, remains to be seen. We'll know more when we spend some hands-on time with the Fire Phone soon.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.slashgear.com/fire-phone-dynamic-perspective-tracks-eyes-for-3d-ui-18334229/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.slashgear.com/tags/fire-phone
|
||||
[2]:http://www.youtube.com/embed/iB75HJe8eiI
|
||||
[3]:http://www.youtube.com/embed/lwj0hlE8CJc
|
||||
[4]:http://www.slashgear.com/this-is-the-amazon-fire-phone-18334195/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.youtube.com/embed/X-wPOq27iXk
|
||||
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
||||
$2400 Valued Introduction To Linux Course Is Available For Free On edX
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Probably you have already heard it. [Linux Foundation][1] has tied up with [edX][2] (a major online learning platform founded by MIT and Harvard University) to provide its Introduction to Linux course, which usually costs $2400, for free.
|
||||
|
||||
edX has over 200 courses from over 50 elite universities, corporations and organizations worldwide. Over 2.5 million users attend these online courses across the globe.
|
||||
|
||||
**Introduction to Linux course is starting from 1st August**. There are three ways one can take this course (or most other edX courses):
|
||||
|
||||
- **Audit the course**: Simple register for **free** and get access to study material. Participate in course as per your own pace. There is no compulsion or penalty if you cannot complete the course.
|
||||
- **Honor code certificate**: It certifies that you have successfully completed the course, however, it doesn’t verify your identity. This too is for free.
|
||||
- **Verified certificate of achievement**: This certificates validates your identity and costs $250 for **Introduction to Linux** course.
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction to Linux requires a working knowledge of computers and common software. Program aims to provide experienced computer users, who may or may not have previous Linux experience, a good working knowledge of Linux, from both a graphical and command line perspective. It consists a course work of 40 to 60 hours and is designed by Dr. Jerry Cooperstein, who manages training content at Linux Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are planning to attend Introduction to Linux, it is advised to have Linux installed on your computer beforehand. Linux Foundation has [prepared a guide to set up the computer][3] to help users out.
|
||||
|
||||
What are you waiting for? If you ever wanted to learn Linux, this is the time and best of all, it’s FREE! Sign up to the course with the link below:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Introduction to Linux course at edX][4]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/introduction-linux-free-edx/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.edx.org/
|
||||
[3]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/images/pdfs/Preparing_Your_Computer_for_LFS101x.pdf
|
||||
[4]:https://www.edx.org/course/linuxfoundationx/linuxfoundationx-lfs101x-introduction-1621#.U9gJ5nWSyb8
|
||||
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Microsoft’s Raspberry Pi Will Cost $300
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I presume that you have heard of [Raspberry Pi][1]. A $35 microcomputer that has revolutionized the low cost computing and has cult following among hardware hobbyist and do-it-yourself enthusiasts. Several other followed in the footsteps of Raspberry Pi to provide low cost micro computers, [Arduino][2] is one of the successful examples.
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft has decided to enter the world of “System on Chip” and to come up with its “own Raspberry Pi”. Teamed up with Intel and [CircuitCo][3], [Microsoft will be launching a micro computer named “Sharks Cove“][4].
|
||||
|
||||
Sharks Cove boasts of Intel Atom Z3735G, a quad-core chip with speeds up to 1.83GHz, 1GB of RAM, 16GB of flash storage and a MicroSD slot among many other things. You can read the full specifications [here][5]. The main aim of Shark Cove is to provide a platform to develop hardware and drivers for Windows and Android.
|
||||
|
||||
Everything sounds fine till it comes to price. Sharks Cove will cost $299 with a Windows 8.1 license. While Arduino costs around $55 and Raspberry Pi $35, I don’t think there will be many buyers for such a high price in a domain which is dominated by low cost Linux based devices. What do you think?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/microsofts-raspberry-pi/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.arduino.cc/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.circuitco.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://blogs.msdn.com/b/windows_hardware_and_driver_developer_blog/archive/2014/07/26/the-sharks-cove-is-now-available-for-pre-order.aspx
|
||||
[5]:http://www.sharkscove.org/docs/
|
||||
@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Nostalgic Gaming On Linux With Good Old Games
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Thanks to the recent Linux support provided by DRM-free classic games provider, GOG.com, getting that nostalgic kick on Linux has never been easier. In this article I'll also detail a few of my favourite classic games that are now available to play in Linux.**
|
||||
|
||||
It's not all nostalgia, though. Some of the classic games you might think of are genuinely classic, amazing games no matter their age. Others, you might need to imagine you're back in, say, 1995 and look at the game from that point of view to appreciate how good it must have seemed at that time. Whatever the case though, there's no shortage of these old games out there to enjoy and thankfully it's recently gotten even easier with [GOG.com][1] recently announcing Linux support.
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of these old classic games actually run in [DOSBox][2], so a seasoned Linux gamer who has experience with such games may bring up the point that you could play a lot of these games provided by services such as GOG.com for years already, well before that recent announcement. Which is correct, I've done the same thing myself, but it does involve a bit of fiddling with files, so at the very least we now have a "turn-key" solution even with the DOSBox powered games - you download them, you launch them, they should just work. If you just want to purchase a game and play it right away, that's no bad thing.
|
||||
|
||||
Then there's the non-DOS games. A lot of old Windows 95/98 games do often work fine in WINE, but not always, or perhaps need workarounds to be manually applied or even a special version of WINE itself. Some old games just won't work at all no matter what you try, even on modern versions of Windows itself! So again, having an alternative available that is designed to work out-of-the-box (and DRM-free, no less) is a nice thing.
|
||||
|
||||
GOG.com initially provided 50 Linux compatible games on their penguin-friendly launch, but that number is and will keep growing. In coming months they say they hope to reach 100 games, and who knows how many thereafter, but it should grow to be a fairly considerable library.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are a few of my favourites so far, that are available right now:
|
||||
|
||||
### Rise Of The Triads Dark War (1994) ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you crave some 90's style shoot-em-up action where you get to blow the hell out of, well, everything and everyone, Rise Of The Triads (ROTT) is one of the best choices and a favourite to many.
|
||||
|
||||
If you know these kinds of shooters, you probably know what to expect. There is a storyline, but really it's about blowing everything up and/or riddling enemies full of bullet holes. As a member of an elite group of operatives you are sent to a remote island to stop a mad cult leader, where typically everything goes pear-shaped and you have to kill everything and successfully navigate levels to save the day and get out alive in the process.
|
||||
|
||||
True to the arcade-style shooter of this vintage, weapons are all about being big, high-tech and fun. You might be in an elite operations group, but you ain't stuck with peashooters and standard rifles - no there's duel pistols all the way to heat seeking missiles and the Flamewall cannon and many more. It's all about genuine fun and doesn't take itself too seriously.
|
||||
|
||||
*Verdict: A blast (literally)*
|
||||
|
||||
### Realms Of The Haunting (1996) ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This one is actually fairly new to me and isn't a game I remember from years back. Which is my loss really, as I can imagine this game must have seemed pretty incredible all the way back in 1996.
|
||||
|
||||
Realms Of The Haunting is something of a first-person shooter/point-and-click adventure combination. The controls at first seem a bit strange because of this (keyboard to control movement and attack etc. Mouse to move the context indicator/cursor around the screen and interact with objects) but you soon get used to it. The storyline, although I have not experienced all of it yet myself, is apparently very good and certainly my impressions of it have been good. This is also one of those classic games that uses good old FMV (Full Motion Video) for cutscenes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Basically you play as a young man who receives a suitably vague letter from your recently deceased father about a strange deserted mansion and it's curious happenings inside. Naturally, said young man decides to visit the mansion and discovers his father's spirit being held captive by the forces of evil and then sets out to try free him. That sounds like a pretty standard storyline at first but the difference lays in the execution and how it progresses.
|
||||
|
||||
From the moment the main character picks up a lantern and gazes around the dark, creepy surroundings of the mansion, it actually reminds me a bit of Amnesia: The Dark Descent. Sure, the gameplay and amount of actual combat means the comparison somewhat ends after that, but ROTH does also have it's fair share of exploration and puzzles. Despite a very dated looking graphics engine (it is based on the DOOM engine after all!) it strikes me how much attention to detail the game creators managed to pack into the environment, which further adds to the atmosphere and immersion despite the constant pixel party happening on screen.
|
||||
|
||||
All in all, Realms Of The Haunting is a creepy but very intriguing old game that is very much worth checking out. And if you love games that feature old-school FMV, there is heaps on offer here too.
|
||||
|
||||
*Verdict: Ahead of it's time?*
|
||||
|
||||
### Sid Meier's Colonization (1994) ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Think Civilization, but with a colonial twist. Instead of building a nation from a mound of dirt in the middle of nowhere, Colonization tasks you with controlling either the forces of England, France, Spain or The Netherlands as you set about managing expansion across the Atlantic for your nation of choice. The aim of the game, as far as winning goes, is to achieve independence from your mother country and defeat the angry Royal Expeditionary Force that comes your way.
|
||||
|
||||
If big chunky pixels, even in text, is something that hurts your eyes you may want to avoid this one but the simple old graphics belie the actual gameplay and depth available here. If you have experience with the more modern Sid Meier turn-based strategy games like the Civilization series, you may be surprised just how much familiar elements and gameplay there is in this old game.
|
||||
|
||||
It may appear ancient and a little clunky, but like most of the classic Sid Meier games, you can sink hours upon hours into this game. Which considering it's price nowadays, no more than a piece of cake and a coffee, is fantastic value that is hard to beat. Do try it.
|
||||
|
||||
*Verdict: Superb turn-based strategy, all the way from 1994*
|
||||
|
||||
### Sword Of The Samurai (1989) ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This one is a little more obscure and may surprise. For me, and this will sound a little cliché given the Japanese theme and setting, but there is something rather Zen about Sword Of The Samurai. A product in the year 1989, the graphics are obviously simple and have a very limited colour palette. Yet, I think even today the graphics work for this particular game and add to its charm and, again, the Zen.
|
||||
|
||||
Describing SOTS is difficult though. It's sort of... a strategy, war, dating, stealth, melee, dueling, diplomacy, choose-your-own adventure Samurai sim.
|
||||
|
||||
Seriously.
|
||||
|
||||
Somehow this old game, which weighs in less than 20 megabytes, fits in an incredible amount of different gameplay (and surprisingly smart artificial intelligence) and approaches you can take to achieve your goal. The core goal is get a very important thing called Honor. In the world of feudal Japan, Honor is a big, big thing and you must get more Honor any way you can in order to achieve the goal of unifying Japan under your rule, as Shogun.
|
||||
|
||||
While you can of course be the "good guy" and do everything you think is right to get Honor, the game is inherently deep and clever enough to allow you to achieve Honor even with, shall we say, more underhanded tactics.
|
||||
|
||||
It's difficult to truly describe all the ways you can play this game but my advice is to simply do so - play it, let it wash over you and soak in the Japanese culture and atmosphere that the game exudes in a really classy way, without being over-the-top. And yes, the game can also be educational! You can't beat that.
|
||||
|
||||
*Verdict: An under-appreciated masterpiece*
|
||||
|
||||
### Get your game on ###
|
||||
|
||||
So there we have it, there's some of my favourites that I've been (re)playing recently, on my Fedora 20 system no less. Some of these games may be older than Linux (the kernel) itself, but thanks to the likes of GOG.com and especially emulators like DOSBox, you can still enjoy the classic titles you remember from years gone by.
|
||||
|
||||
What are some of your favourite classic games? Are you also playing them now in your favourite Linux distro? Let us know in the comments!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://thelinuxrain.com/articles/nostalgic-gaming-on-linux-with-good-old-games
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Andrew Powell
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://gog.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.dosbox.com/
|
||||
@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Five Awesome GOG.com Linux Games Everyone Should Play Once
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
GOG AKA ILU TUX NAO
|
||||
|
||||
**Ardent Linux gamers will have seen last week as a good one, as rising game distribution service [GOG.com brought a batch of more than 50 classic PC and indie titles to the platform][1], many for the very first time.**
|
||||
|
||||
Against the 775 DRM-free offerings offered to Windows users, not to mention the 600 strong Linux catalog on Steam, it might not sound like much. But the company says this is only the first wave and that another 50 games are set to land later in the year.
|
||||
|
||||
Last week [we asked][2] our Facebook fans which five games being sold by GOG they consider ‘must have’ titles.
|
||||
|
||||
After pruning the titles often found warming the shelves of the Humble Bundle (*e.g., Uplink: Hacker Elite, Darwinia, Don’t Starve and Anomaly Warzone Earth*), and throwing in a free title for good measure, we came up with the following list.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s not comprehensive, it’s not definitive and it’s certainly not going to be the five you’d pick. But for those either too young to have experienced some of these games for the first time, or old enough to level up nostalgia, it’s a great jumping in point.
|
||||
|
||||
Because we know it matters to some of you, we’ve listed the ‘port’ type for each entry, so you can avoid Wine or DOSBox where needed.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally (though it really should go without saying) if you’re looking for full HD immersive 3D worlds with GPU melting graphics requirements, this is not the list for you.
|
||||
|
||||
Now to hark back to rainy days spent cooped up inside, eyes firmly fixed on a CRT monitor…
|
||||
|
||||
### FlatOut ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Year**: 2005. **Genre**: Racing. **Port**: Wine. **Price**: $5.99 (inc. extras).
|
||||
|
||||
Unbuckle up and prepare for one bad-ass and throughly bumpy ride.
|
||||
|
||||
Trying to condense why FlatOut is a classic demolition rally game into just a few short sentences is traumatic. Almost as traumatic as being a driver in it must be.
|
||||
|
||||
Its premise — carnage, destruction, more carnage — reads fairly standard these days. Virtually every racing game (at least those worth their tread) implements an element of off-road mayhem. But FlatOut was one of the first, and even today remains one of the best.
|
||||
|
||||
With 36 course littered with more than 3000 items to crash and smash, plus 16 upgradeable vehicles, each made up of 40 “deformable pieces” for ultimate on-screen obliteration, FlatOut is flat out one of the best raucous racing games available on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
*Also check out Flat Out 2, released in 2011 and costing $9.99.*
|
||||
|
||||
- [Buy “FlatOut” on GOG][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Year**: 1995. **Genre**: First-Person Shooter. **Port**: DOSBox. **Price**: $5.99 (inc. extras).
|
||||
|
||||
Politically incorrect, full of female objectification, and featuring more cheesy one-liners than the script of a straight-to-VHS Jean-Claude Van Damme action film. Yep, it’s Duke Nukem.
|
||||
|
||||
But c’mon; no list of retro PC classics would be complete without a least one Duke Nukem entry, right? They are bona fide classics. Along with Doom and Quake, it kickstarted the gory corridor crawling shooter genre.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of its strengths are in the pastiche; it is camp, cheesy and kaleidoscopically brash, and takes itself about as seriously as a Sega MegaCD video cutscene from Night Trap.
|
||||
|
||||
The environments are varied and rich. The gameplay mechanics easy to get to grips with. And while the less than subtle humour laced throughout may rile the easily offended, those of a certain age won’t be able to resist smirking at the pop-culture satire.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Buy “Duke Nukem: Atomic Edition” on GOG][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### The Last Federation ###
|
||||
|
||||
Youtobe 视频地址：
|
||||
https://www.youtube.com/embed/5RKXWpyf1i4?feature=oembed
|
||||
|
||||
**Year**: 2014. **Genre**: Strategy. **Port**: Native. Price: $19.99.
|
||||
|
||||
The Last Federation is the most expensive title on this list and also the most modern, having debuted this year.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s a turn-based tactical combat set in space that burdens you with the task of ‘forging a lasting federation of planets and usher in an era of peace and prosperity to the solar system.’
|
||||
|
||||
But to forge a lasting truce you must indulge your inner machiavellian monsters.
|
||||
|
||||
*“Remember, when helping civilizations evolve, sometimes they evolve faster when a large multi-headed monster is glaring menacingly at them,” reads the game’s synopsis.*
|
||||
|
||||
Pricey, but one of the standout strategy games of 2014.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Buy “The Last Federation” on GOG][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### StarGunner ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Year**: 1996. **Genre**: Arcade. **Port**: DOSBox. Price: Free.
|
||||
|
||||
StarGunner is one of two Linux games available for free on GOG. It’s a space-based side scrolling shoot ‘em up, similar to thousands of mid-nineties arcade games now resting in a land fill somewhere.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s not to say it’s not any good; it’s great fun but just a little familiar.
|
||||
|
||||
Gameplay is fast, battlefields switch between space, ground and water often enough to maintain interest, and with more than 75 different enemy crafts (plus over 30 super adaptive bosses) things never get visually tired, either.
|
||||
|
||||
Look out for weapons and other power-ups littered through levels.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download “StarGunner” for free on GOG][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### Blocks That Matter ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Year**: 2011. **Price**: $2.99. **Genre**: Platformer. **Port**: Wine, 32-bit only.
|
||||
|
||||
Take some blocks, drop them into an isometrical world, add bit of jumping and a whole lot of puzzle solving. Finally, coat it all in a layer of cuteness. Aside from an needlessly drawn out introduction, you should end up with **Blocks That Matter**. And boy do these blocks matter.
|
||||
|
||||
Playing as a robot called Tetrobot, your sole aim is to waddle about each level drilling blocks of various materials (sand, ice, etc.) one by one. Blocks can be collected and inserted into the game to help you complete levels, but depending on the material this can often be a hindrance rather than a help.
|
||||
|
||||
An innovative 2D platform-puzzler, it offers up 40 levels in standard Adventure Mode with another 20 waiting to be unlocked. It’s cute, clever and cheap.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Buy “Blocks that Matter” on GOG][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### Honourable Mentions ###
|
||||
|
||||
####DarkLands####
|
||||
|
||||
**Year**: 1992. **Genre**: RPG. **Port**: DOSBox. **Price**: $5.99 (inc. extras).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sid Meier’s Covert Action ####
|
||||
|
||||
**Year**: 1990. **Genre**: Action/Strategy. **Port**: DOSBox. **Price**: $5.99 (inc. extras).
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/five-best-linux-gog-com-games-available-now
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/50-classic-pc-games-now-available-linux-gog
|
||||
[2]:https://www.facebook.com/omgubuntu/posts/830930706919468
|
||||
[3]:http://www.gog.com/game/flatout
|
||||
[4]:http://www.gog.com/game/duke_nukem_3d_atomic_edition
|
||||
[5]:http://www.gog.com/game/last_federation_the
|
||||
[6]:http://www.gog.com/game/stargunner
|
||||
[7]:http://www.gog.com/game/blocks_that_matter
|
||||
@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
|
||||
translating by barney-ro
|
||||
|
||||
Interesting facts about Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Today, August, 25th, is the 23rd birthday of Linux. The modest [Usenet post][1] made by a 21 year old student at the University of Helsinki on August 25th, 1991, marks the birth of the venerable Linux as we know it today.
|
||||
|
||||
Fast forward 23 years, and now Linux is everywhere, not only installed on end user desktops, [smartphones][2] and embedded systems, but also fulfilling the needs of [leading enterprises][3] and powering mission-critical systems such as [US Navy's nuclear submarines][4] and [FAA's air traffic control][5]. Entering the era of ubiquitous cloud computing, Linux is continuing [its dominance][6] as by far the most popular platform for the cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
Celebrating the 23rd birthday of Linux today, let me show you **some interesting facts and history you may not know about Linux**. If there is anything to add, feel free to share it in the comments. In this article, I will use the terms "Linux", "kernel" or "Linux kernel" interchangeably to mean the same thing.
|
||||
|
||||
1. There is a never-ending debate on whether or not Linux is an operating system. Technically, the term "Linux" refers to the kernel, a core component of an operating system. Folks who argue that Linux is not an operating system are operating system purists who think that the kernel alone does not make the whole operating system, or free software ideologists who believe that the largest free operating system should be named "[GNU/Linux][7]" to give credit where credit is due (i.e., [GNU project][8]). On the other hand, some developers and programmers have a view that Linux qualifies as an operating system in a sense that it implements the [POSIX standard][9].
|
||||
|
||||
2. According to openhub.net, the majority (95%) of Linux is written in C language. The second popular language for Linux is assembly language (2.8%). The dominance of C lanaguage over C++ is no surprise given Linus's stance on C++. Here is the programming language breakdown for Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. Linux has been built by a total of [13,036 contributors][10] worldwide. The most prolific contributor is, of course, Linus Torvalds himself, who has committed code more than 20,000 times over the course of the lifetime of Linux. The following figures show the all-time top-10 contributors of Linux in terms of commit counts.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4. The total source lines of code (SLOC) of Linux is over 17 million. The estimated cost for the entire code base is 5,526 person-years, or over 300M USD according to [basic COCOMO model][11].
|
||||
|
||||
5. Enterprises have not been simply consumers of Linux. Their employees have been [actively participated][12] in the development of Linux. The figure below shows the top-10 corporate sponsors of Linux kernel development, in terms of total commit counts from their employees, as of year 2013. They include commercial Linux distributors (Red Hat, SUSE), chip/embedded system makers (Intel, Texas Instruments, Wolfson), non-profits (Linaro), and other IT power houses (IBM, Samsung, Google).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
6. The official mascot of Linux is "Tux", a friendly penguin character. The idea of using a cuddly penguin as a mascot/logo was in fact [first conceived and asserted][13] by Linus himself. Why penguin? Personally Linus is fond of penguins, despite the fact that he once was bitten by a ferocious penguin, causing him infected with a disease.
|
||||
|
||||
7. A Linux "distribution" contains the Linux kernel, supporting GNU utilities/libraries, and other third-party applications. According to [distrowatch.com][14], there are a total of 286 actively maintained Linux distrutions. The oldest among them is [Slackware][15] whose very first release 1.0 became available in 1993.
|
||||
|
||||
8. Kernel.org, which is the main repository of Linux source code, was [compromised][16] by an unknown attacker in August, 2011, who managed to tamper with several kernel.org's servers. In an effort to tighten up access policies of the Linux kernel, Linux foundation recently [turned on][17] two-factor authentication at the official Git repositories hosting the Linux kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
9. The dominance of Linux on top 500 supercomputers [continues to rise][18]. As of June 2014, 97% of the world-fastest computers are powered by Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
10. Spacewatch, a research group of Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona, named several asteroids ([9793 Torvalds][19], [9882 Stallman][20], [9885 Linux][21] and [9965 GNU][22]) after GNU/Linux and their creators, in recognition of the free operating system which was instrumental in their asteroid survey activities.
|
||||
|
||||
11. In the modern history of Linux kernel development, there was a big jump in kernel version: from 2.6 to 3.0. The [renumbering to version 3][23] actually did not signify any major restructuring in kernel code, but was simply to celebrate the 20 year milestone of the Linux kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
12. In 2000, Steve Jobs at Apple Inc. [tried to hire][24] Linus Torvalds to have him drop Linux development and instead work on "Unix for the biggest user base," which was OS X back then. Linus declined the offer.
|
||||
|
||||
13. The [reboot()][25] system call in the Linux kernel requires two magic numbers. The second magic number comes from the [birth dates][26] of Linus Torvalds and his three daughters.
|
||||
|
||||
14. With so many fans of Linux around the world, there are [criticisms][27] on current Linux distributions (mainly desktops), such as limited hardware support, lack of standardization, instability due to short upgrade/release cycles, etc. During the [Linux kernel panel][28] at LinuxCon 2014, Linus was quoted as saying "I still want the desktop" when asked where he thinks Linux should go next.
|
||||
|
||||
If you know any interesting facts about Linux, feel free to share them in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
Happy birthday, Linux!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/interesting-facts-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[barney-ro](https://github.com/barney-ro)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=comp.os.minix/dlNtH7RRrGA/SwRavCzVE7gJ
|
||||
[2]:http://developer.android.com/about/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://fortune.com/2013/05/06/how-linux-conquered-the-fortune-500/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7789
|
||||
[5]:http://fcw.com/Articles/2006/05/01/FAA-manages-air-traffic-with-Linux.aspx
|
||||
[6]:http://thecloudmarket.com/stats
|
||||
[7]:http://www.gnu.org/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-history.html
|
||||
[9]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX
|
||||
[10]:https://www.openhub.net/p/linux/contributors/summary
|
||||
[11]:https://www.openhub.net/p/linux/estimated_cost
|
||||
[12]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/publications/linux-foundation/who-writes-linux-2013
|
||||
[13]:http://www.sjbaker.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_History_of_Tux_the_Linux_Penguin
|
||||
[14]:http://distrowatch.com/search.php?ostype=All&category=All&origin=All&basedon=All¬basedon=None&desktop=All&architecture=All&status=Active
|
||||
[15]:http://www.slackware.com/info/
|
||||
[16]:http://pastebin.com/BKcmMd47
|
||||
[17]:http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/203-konstantin-ryabitsev/784544-linux-kernel-git-repositories-add-2-factor-authentication
|
||||
[18]:http://www.top500.org/statistics/details/osfam/1
|
||||
[19]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9793
|
||||
[20]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9882
|
||||
[21]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9885
|
||||
[22]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9965
|
||||
[23]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/5/29/204
|
||||
[24]:http://www.wired.com/2012/03/mr-linux/2/
|
||||
[25]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/kernel/reboot.c#L199
|
||||
[26]:http://www.nndb.com/people/444/000022378/
|
||||
[27]:http://linuxfonts.narod.ru/why.linux.is.not.ready.for.the.desktop.current.html
|
||||
[28]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8myENKt8bD0
|
||||
@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
|
||||
5 Reasons Why I Hate GNU/Linux – Do You Hate (Love) Linux?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
This part of Linux, I don’t like to talk very often but sometimes I do really feel some of the aspects related to Linux is real pain. Here are the five points which I come across on a daily basis, almost.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
5 Reasons Why I Hate Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Choose from Too Many Good Distros ###
|
||||
|
||||
While reading several on-line forum (a part of my hobby), I very often come across a question like – Hi, I am new to Linux, just [switched over from Windows to Linux][1]. Which Linux Distribution, I should get my hands dirty with? Oh! forgot to mention, I am an Engineering Student.
|
||||
|
||||
As soon as someone posted such question, there is a flood of comments. each distribution’s fan boy tries to make sense that the distro he is using leads all the rest, a few comments may look like:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Get your hands upon Linux Mint or Ubuntu, they are easy to use specially for newbies like you.
|
||||
1. Ubuntu is Sh** better go with Mint.
|
||||
1. If you want something like windows, better stay there.
|
||||
1. Nothing is better than Debian. It is easy to use and contains all the packages you may need.
|
||||
1. Slackware, for the point, if you learn slack you learn Linux.
|
||||
At this point, the student who asked question really gets confused and annoyed.
|
||||
1. CentOS – Nothing like this, when comes to stability.
|
||||
1. I will recommend Fedora, Bleeding edge technology implementation, you will get a lot to learn.
|
||||
1. Puppy Linux, SUSE, BSD, Manjaro, Megia, Kali, RedHat Beta, etc,……
|
||||
|
||||
At the end of discussion, the discussion forum may be used as a paper for research based upon the facts and figure provided in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
Now think the same in Windows or Mac – One may say are you Insane? Still using Windows XP or Vista but no one will try to prove that windows 8 is better than XP and XP is more on a User Friendly side. You won’t get a fan boy in Mac as well, who is trying to jump into the discussion just to make his point sounds louder.
|
||||
|
||||
You may frequently come across points like – Distros are like religion. These things makes the newbie puzzled. Anyone who have used Linux for a considerable time would be knowing that all the distros are same at the base. It is only the working interface and the way to perform task differs and that too rarely. You are using apt, yum, portage, emerge, spike or ABS who cares as far as the things are done and user is comfortable with it.
|
||||
|
||||
Well the above scenario is not only true in forums and groups on-line, it is sometimes taken to the corporate world.
|
||||
|
||||
I was recently being Interviewed by a company based in Mumbai (India). The person interviewing, asked me several questions and technologies, I have worked with. As per their requirements, I have worked with nearly half of the technologies they were looking for. A few of last conversation as mentioned below.
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: Do you know kernel editing? (Then he talked to himself for a couple of seconds – no, no not kernel editing, it is a very different thing.) Do you know how to compile a kernel on a monolithic side?
|
||||
|
||||
**Me**: Yes, we just need to make sure what we need to run in future. We need to select those options only that supports our need before compiling the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: How do you compile a kernel?
|
||||
|
||||
**Me**: make menuconfig, fire it as………..(interrupted)
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: When have you compiled the kernel lastly without any help?
|
||||
|
||||
**Me**: Very recently on my Debian…..(Interrupted)
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: Debian? Do you know what we does? Debian-Febian is not of our use. We use CentOS. Ok, I will tell the management the result. They will call you.
|
||||
|
||||
**Not to Mention**: I didn’t get the call or job, but certainly the phrase **Debian-febian** forces me to think over and over again. He could have said we don’t use Debian, we use CentOS. The tone of him, was a bit racist, it is spread-ed all over.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Some of the very important software has no support in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
No! I am not talking about Photoshop. I understand Linux is not build to perform such task. But some backbone softwares required to connect your Android phone to PC for Updation – PC Suite certainly means a lot. I have been looking for a windows PC.
|
||||
|
||||
I know Linux is more like a server side OS. Really? Is not it trying to make a point that, it has been used as a Desktop as well? If Yes! It should have other developed desktop features. For a desktop user security, stability, RAID, Kernel does not mean much. They should get their work done with little or no effort.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover the companies like Samsung, Sony, Micromax, etc are dealing with Android (Linux) Phones and they have no support to get their phone connected over a Linux PC.
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t drag me in PC suite discussion. For Linux to be a Desktop OS, it still lacks several things, Little or no gaming support – I mean high end gaming. No professional Video and Photo Editing Tools, I Said Professional. And yeah I remember Titanic and Avatar Movies were maid using some kind of FOSS video editor, I am coming to that point.
|
||||
|
||||
Agree or not, Linux still has to go a long way to be a distro for everyone.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Linuxer have a habit of living in virtual world ###
|
||||
|
||||
I am a Linux user, and I am superior than you. I can handle terminal much better than you. You know Linux is Everywhere in your wrist watch, mobile phones, remote control. You know what, Hacker’s use Linux. Are you aware as soon as you boot Linux you become hacker. You can do several things from Linux you can’t even think of using Windows and Mac.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me tell you, Linux is now being used in International Space Station. The world’s most successful movies Avatar and Titanic were build using Linux. Last but not the least, world’s 90% supercomputers are using Linux. World’s Top 5 fastest computer are using Linux. Facebook, Linkedin, Google, Yahoo all have their server based on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t mean they are wrong. I only mean they keeps on talking about the thing they very little know about.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. The long hours of compilation and dependency resolution ###
|
||||
|
||||
I am aware of automatic dependency resolution and the program getting smart day by day. Still think from corporate view, I was installing a program say ‘y‘, it had one dependency say ‘**x**‘ which was unable to be resolved automatically. While resolving ‘**x**‘ I came across 8 other dependency, a few of other were dependent on a few other libraries and program. Isn’t it painful?
|
||||
|
||||
The rule of corporate is to have the work done efficiently with less man power and as much less time as possible. Who cares if your piece of codes are coming from Windows or Mac or Linux as far as the work is done.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Too much manual work ###
|
||||
|
||||
No matter which distro you choose, you have to manually do a lot a things time-to-time. Lets say you are installing proprietary Nvidia Driver. Now you need to kill **X** manually, may need to edit **Xorg.conf** manually and still may have a broken **X**. Furthermore, you have to make sure that the next time kernel updates, it still be in working condition.
|
||||
|
||||
Think of same on Windows. You have nothing to do other than firing the executables and click** Next, Next, I Agree, Next, Forward, Finish, Reboot** and your system may very rarely have broken GUI. Though the demerit is a broken GUI is not possible to be repaired on Windows but easily on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Hey don’t tell me its because of security implementation. If you are installing something using ‘**root**‘, and still needs a lot of things done manually that not security. Some may have a point that it gives you power to configure your system to any extent. My friend at least give him a working interface from where he can configure it to next best level. Why Installer laves him to re-invent the wheel every-time in the name of security and configurability.
|
||||
|
||||
I myself is a Linux fan and have been working on this platform for nearly half a decades. I myself have used Distros of several kind and came to the above conclusion. You may have used a different distro’s and might you’ve came to a such conclusion, where you feel that Linux is not upto the mark.
|
||||
|
||||
Please do share with us, why do you hate (Love) Linux? via our comment section below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/why-i-hate-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/useful-linux-commands-for-newbies/
|
||||
102
sources/talk/20140922 Ten Blogs Every Ubuntu User Must Follow.md
Normal file
102
sources/talk/20140922 Ten Blogs Every Ubuntu User Must Follow.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
|
||||
Ten Blogs Every Ubuntu User Must Follow
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**What are the websites that I should follow to learn more about Ubuntu?**
|
||||
|
||||
This is a question beginner often ask. I am going to list here ten of my favorite blogs that help users solve their issues, keep them updated with news and help them in over all Ubuntu. No, I am not talking about Linux in general and shell scripting and stuff like that. I am talking about a smooth desktop Linux experience with Ubuntu which an ordinary user wants.
|
||||
|
||||
These blogs help you with ongoing issues, make you aware of various application and provide you the latest from Ubuntu world. Following these blogs should help you to indulge more in Ubuntu. So, here goes the list of ten of my favorite blogs that cover Ubuntu extensively.
|
||||
|
||||
### Ten blogs every Ubuntu user must follow ###
|
||||
|
||||
Since I am writing it on It’s F.O.S.S., I have deliberately kept it out of the list. I have also not included [Planet Ubuntu][1] in list for it is less useful for beginners. Without further ado, let’s have a look at the list of **best Ubuntu blogs** (not in any specific order):
|
||||
|
||||
### [OMG! Ubuntu!][2] ###
|
||||
|
||||
This is one blog that has somewhat solely responsible for creating the ‘Ubuntu fanboyism’. Anything related to Ubuntu, no matter how minor, is covered by OMG! Ubuntu! It mainly covers news and application. Tutorials can be found but there are not many of them.
|
||||
|
||||
Follow this blog to know what’s going on in Ubuntu world.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Web Upd8][3] ###
|
||||
|
||||
Web Upd8 is my favorite blog. Apart from covering news items, it has a vast amount of easy to follow tutorials. Web Upd8 also maintains several PPAs. Blogger [Andrei][4] is very helpful when it comes to questions in comments.
|
||||
|
||||
A must follow for news and tutorials.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Noobs Lab][5] ###
|
||||
|
||||
Similar to Web Upd8, Noobs Lab is also full of tutorials, news and it maintains perhaps the biggest collection of themes and icon themes in its PPA.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a noob, follow Noobs Lab.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Linux Scoop][6] ###
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the blogs out there are ‘text blogs’. You follow the tutorials with instructions and screenshots. Linux Scoop on the other hand is complete video blog that has video tutorials to help beginners.
|
||||
|
||||
If you prefer seeing over reading, Linux Scoop is a must for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Ubuntu Geek][7] ###
|
||||
|
||||
A relatively old blog on the web. Extensively covers Ubuntu and has a vast collection of quick how to tutorials and installation instructions. Though, I find that at times some tutorials lack depth but perhaps it is just my opinion.
|
||||
|
||||
Want quick tips, go to Ubuntu Geek.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Tech Drive-in][8] ###
|
||||
|
||||
Not updated as frequently as it used to be in the past, perhaps Manuel is busy with his job, but it still offers a lot. News, tutorials, application reviews are the main highlight of the blog.
|
||||
|
||||
Often included in [Ubuntu News Request mails][9], Tech Drive-in is definitely worth a drive.
|
||||
|
||||
### [UbuntuHandbook][10] ###
|
||||
|
||||
Quick tips, news and tutorials are the USP of UbuntuHandbook. [Ji m][11] is also maintaining some PPAs lately. I seriously think that it could be a better looking blog, my personal opinion on the website appearance.
|
||||
|
||||
Handy tips at UbuntuHandbook.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Unixmen][12] ###
|
||||
|
||||
A multi-author blog which is not limited to Ubuntu and covers a range of other distributions as well. It has its own forum to help out people.
|
||||
|
||||
Stay updated with Unixmen.
|
||||
|
||||
### [The Mukt][13] ###
|
||||
|
||||
The Mukt is the new avatar of Muktware. Muktware was a Linux magazine that died gradually only to be reborn as The Mukt. While Muktware was a strictly Linux/Open Source blog, The Mukt covers a wide range of topics including technology news, geeky news and at times entertainment news (sounds like Mashable, no?). The Mukt still covers a lot of Ubuntu news which could be of your interest.
|
||||
|
||||
The Mukt is not just a blog, it’s a culture.
|
||||
|
||||
### [LinuxG][14] ###
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxG is a blog where you can find all kind of “how to install” articles. Almost all the articles start with “Hello Linux Geeksters, as you may know…” and the blog could do better with a different theme. I have often find the articles lacking depth and written in hurry but it still is a good place to know about latest release of an application.
|
||||
|
||||
Good for quick glance of new application and their latest releases.
|
||||
|
||||
### What about yours? ###
|
||||
|
||||
This was my list of best Ubuntu blogs which I regularly follow. I know there are plenty more out there, perhaps better than some of those listed here. So why don’t you mention your favorite Ubuntu blog in the comment section below?
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/ten-blogs-every-ubuntu-user-must-follow/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://planet.ubuntu.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.webupd8.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://plus.google.com/+AlinAndrei
|
||||
[5]:http://www.noobslab.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://linuxscoop.com/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/
|
||||
[8]:http://www.techdrivein.com/
|
||||
[9]:https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-news
|
||||
[10]:http://ubuntuhandbook.org/
|
||||
[11]:https://plus.google.com/u/0/+JimUbuntuHandbook
|
||||
[12]:http://www.unixmen.com/
|
||||
[13]:http://www.themukt.com/
|
||||
[14]:http://linuxg.net/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
|
||||
How to Run Android Apps on Ubuntu using ARChon
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Android, Chrome, Ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
**Google recently announced the first [set of Android apps available to run natively on Chrome OS][1], a feat made possible using a new ‘Android Runtime’ extension.**
|
||||
|
||||
Now, a developer has [figured out a way to bring Android Apps to Chrome][2] on the desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
[Vlad Filippov][3]‘s [chromeos-apk script][4] and [ARChon Android Runtime extension][5] work hand-in-hand to bring Android apps to Chrome on the Windows, Mac and Linux desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
IMDB, Flipboard and Twitter Android Apps running on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
Performance of apps through the runtime is not fantastic. Any ambitions of running Dead Trigger 2 or other graphically intensive games should be put to one side.
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, being both an unofficial repackaging of the official runtime and running outside of Chrome OS, system integration (e.g., webcam, speakers, etc.) may be patchy or non-existent.
|
||||
|
||||
The guide that follows is provided as-is, and without any guarantees of success. It should be considered highly experimental, buggy, unstable – possibly even flat out evil. Try it out of curiosity rather than heightened expectation and you should be fine.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Run Android Apps on Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
To run Android apps on Linux through Chrome you will need, obviously, to install Chrome. Version 37 or higher is required. Honestly, if you’re going to be playing with a potentially unstable hack then you might as well download and [install the unstable version of Google Chrome for Linux, too][6].
|
||||
|
||||
Already got a version of Chrome installed? You can install the Dev Channel version via the command line by running:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-unstable
|
||||
|
||||
Next you need to download the custom-made — ergo officially not endorsed by Google or Chromium — Android Runtime created by Vlad Filippov. This differs from the official version in a number of ways, the chief being it can be used on desktop versions of the browser.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download ARChon v1.0 from BitBucket][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Once the runtime has fully downloaded you will need to extract the contents from the .zip and move the resulting folder to your Home folder.
|
||||
|
||||
To install, open Google Chrome, click the hamburger menu and navigate through to the extensions page. Check ‘Enable developer mode’ and click on the ‘load unpacked extension’ button.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The Runtime alone doesn’t do much by itself so you will need to create a compatible package from an Android app. To do this you will need the ‘[chromeos-apk][8]’ [command line JavaScript utility][9], which is available to install through the Node Packaged Modules (npm) manager.
|
||||
|
||||
First run:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install npm nodejs nodejs-legacy
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 64 user? You’ll want to grab the following library, too:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6
|
||||
|
||||
Now run the command to install the script itself:
|
||||
|
||||
npm install -g chromeos-apk
|
||||
|
||||
Depending on your configuration you may need to need to run this latter command as sudo. If you’d prefer [not to install npm modules with sudo, you can][10] do so with some jiggery-pokery.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now you’re in the home straight. Head over to Google to find an APK of an app you want to try out, bearing in mind **not all Android apps will work**, and **those that do may be unstable** or lack features.
|
||||
|
||||
Place your wanted Android APK in ~/Home, then return to Terminal to convert it using the following command, replacing the APK name with the one you want:
|
||||
|
||||
chromeos-apk replaceme.apk --archon
|
||||
|
||||
The command will take a few seconds to do its thing. Maybe have a blink. [Actually, don’t blink][11].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You now have an ARChon-rocking Chrome APK extension-y folder-y thing waiting in your Home folder. All that’s left to do is install it to see if it works!
|
||||
|
||||
Head back into the chrome://extensions page, tap the ‘load unpacked extension’ button once again but this time select the folder the script above created.
|
||||
|
||||
The app should proceed to install without issue, but will it run without issue? Open the Chrome App Launcher or Apps Page and launch it to find out.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Going Further ####
|
||||
|
||||
Since the ARChon runtime supports an unlimited number of Chromified APKs you can repeat the process as many times as you like. The Chrome APK [subreddit][12] is keeping track of success/failures, so if you’re feeling helpful be sure to post your findings there.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/09/install-android-apps-ubuntu-archon
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgchrome.com/first-4-chrome-android-apps-released/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/run-android-apps-on-windows-mac-linux-archon/
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/vladikoff/
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/archon.md
|
||||
[6]:http://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel
|
||||
[7]:https://bitbucket.org/vladikoff/archon/get/v1.0.zip
|
||||
[8]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/README.md
|
||||
[9]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/README.md
|
||||
[10]:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19352976/npm-modules-wont-install-globally-without-sudo/21712034#21712034
|
||||
[11]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKXLkWrBo7o
|
||||
[12]:http://www.reddit.com/r/chromeapks
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
|
||||
How to use logrotate to manage log files in Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Log files contain useful information about what is going on within the system. They are often inspected during troubleshooting processes or server performance analysis. For a busy server, log files may grow quickly into very large sizes. This becomes a problem as the server will soon run out of space. Besides, working with a single large log file can often be tricky.
|
||||
|
||||
logrotate is a very useful tool that can automate the process of breaking up (or rotating), compressing, and deleting old log files. For example, you can set up logrotate such that the log file /var/log/foo is rotated every 30 days, and logs older than 6 months are deleted. Once configured, the process is fully automated using logrotate without any further need for human interaction. Optionally, old logs can be emailed as well, but that option is beyond the scope of this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
The logrotate package is typically installed by default on major Linux distros. If, for some reason, logrotate is not present, you can install it using apt-get or yum command.
|
||||
|
||||
On Debian or Ubuntu:
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install logrotate cron
|
||||
|
||||
On Fedora, CentOS or RHEL:
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install logrotate crontabs
|
||||
|
||||
The configuration file for logrotate is /etc/logrotate.conf. Generally no modification is needed here. The log files to be rotated are defined in separate configuration file(s) placed under /etc/logrotate.d/ directory.
|
||||
|
||||
### Example One ###
|
||||
|
||||
In the first example, we will create a 10 MB log file /var/log/log-file. We will see how we can use logrotate to manage this log file.
|
||||
|
||||
We start by creating a log file, and populating it with a 10 MB worth of random bit stream.
|
||||
|
||||
# touch /var/log/log-file
|
||||
# head -c 10M < /dev/urandom > /var/log/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
Now that the log file is ready, we will configure logrotate to rotate this log file. Let's create a configuration file for this.
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
/var/log/log-file {
|
||||
monthly
|
||||
rotate 5
|
||||
compress
|
||||
delaycompress
|
||||
missingok
|
||||
notifempty
|
||||
create 644 root root
|
||||
postrotate
|
||||
/usr/bin/killall -HUP rsyslogd
|
||||
endscript
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Where:
|
||||
|
||||
- **monthly**: The log file will now be rotated monthly. Other possible values are 'daily', 'weekly' or 'yearly'.
|
||||
- **rotate 5**: A total of 5 archived logs will be stored at a time. For the 6th archive, the oldest stored archive will be deleted.
|
||||
- **compress**: The rotated archive will be compressed using gzip, after the rotation task is complete.
|
||||
- **delaycompress**: Always used together with compress option, the delaycompress parameter instructs logrotate to not run compression on the most recent archive. Compression will be performed during the next rotation cycle. This is useful if you or any software still needs to access the fresh archive.
|
||||
- **missingok**: During log rotation, any errors will be ignored, e.g., "file not found".
|
||||
- **notifempty**: Rotation will not be performed if the log file is empty.
|
||||
- **create 644 root root**: A fresh log file will be created with specified permissions as logrotate may rename the original log file.
|
||||
- **postrotate/endscript**: The command(s) specified between postrotate and endscript will be carried out after all other instructions are completed. In this case, the process rsyslogd will re-read its configuration on the fly and continue running.
|
||||
|
||||
The above template is generic, and the configuration parameters may vary based on your requirements. Not all the parameters may be necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
### Example Two ###
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, we want to rotate a log file only when the size of the log file grows over 50 MB.
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
/var/log/log-file {
|
||||
size=50M
|
||||
rotate 5
|
||||
create 644 root root
|
||||
postrotate
|
||||
/usr/bin/killall -HUP rsyslogd
|
||||
endscript
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
### Example Three ###
|
||||
|
||||
We want old log files to be named with the date of creation. This can be achieved by adding dateext parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
/var/log/log-file {
|
||||
monthly
|
||||
rotate 5
|
||||
dateext
|
||||
create 644 root root
|
||||
postrotate
|
||||
/usr/bin/killall -HUP rsyslogd
|
||||
endscript
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
This will cause the archived files to contain the date in their name.
|
||||
|
||||
### Troubleshooting ###
|
||||
|
||||
Here are a few troubleshooting tips for logrotate setup.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Running logrotate manually ####
|
||||
|
||||
**logrotate** can be invoked manually from the command line at any time.
|
||||
|
||||
To invoke **logrotate on** all logs as configured in /etc/logrotate.d/*:
|
||||
|
||||
# logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
|
||||
|
||||
To invoke logrotate for a particular configuration:
|
||||
|
||||
# logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Dry run ####
|
||||
|
||||
The best option during troubleshooting is to run logrotate as a dry run using '-d' option. For verification, a dry run simulates log rotation and displays its output without actually rotating any log files.
|
||||
|
||||
# logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As we can see from the above output, logrotate decided that rotation is not necessary. This can happen if the age of the file is less than one day.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Force run ####
|
||||
|
||||
We can force logrotate to rotate log files even when rotation conditions are not met, by using '-f' option. The '-v' parameter provides verbose output.
|
||||
|
||||
# logrotate -vf /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
reading config file /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
reading config info for /var/log/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
Handling 1 logs
|
||||
|
||||
rotating pattern: /var/log/log-file forced from command line (5 rotations)
|
||||
empty log files are rotated, old logs are removed
|
||||
considering log /var/log/log-file
|
||||
log needs rotating
|
||||
rotating log /var/log/log-file, log->rotateCount is 5
|
||||
dateext suffix '-20140916'
|
||||
glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'
|
||||
renaming /var/log/log-file.5.gz to /var/log/log-file.6.gz (rotatecount 5, logstart 1, i 5),
|
||||
old log /var/log/log-file.5.gz does not exist
|
||||
renaming /var/log/log-file.4.gz to /var/log/log-file.5.gz (rotatecount 5, logstart 1, i 4),
|
||||
old log /var/log/log-file.4.gz does not exist
|
||||
. . .
|
||||
renaming /var/log/log-file.0.gz to /var/log/log-file.1.gz (rotatecount 5, logstart 1, i 0),
|
||||
old log /var/log/log-file.0.gz does not exist
|
||||
log /var/log/log-file.6.gz doesn't exist -- won't try to dispose of it
|
||||
renaming /var/log/log-file to /var/log/log-file.1
|
||||
creating new /var/log/log-file mode = 0644 uid = 0 gid = 0
|
||||
running postrotate script
|
||||
compressing log with: /bin/gzip
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Logrotate logging ####
|
||||
|
||||
Logs for logrotate itself are usually stored in the directory /var/lib/logrotate/status. If we want logrotate to log to any specific file for troubleshooting purposes, we can specify that from the command line as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
# logrotate -vf –s /var/log/logrotate-status /etc/logrotate.d/log-file
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Logrotate cron job ####
|
||||
|
||||
The **cron** jobs needed for logrotate should automatically be created during installation. I am posting the contents of the cron file for reference.
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Clean non existent log file entries from status file
|
||||
cd /var/lib/logrotate
|
||||
test -e status || touch status
|
||||
head -1 status > status.clean
|
||||
sed 's/"//g' status | while read logfile date
|
||||
do
|
||||
[ -e "$logfile" ] && echo "\"$logfile\" $date"
|
||||
done >> status.clean
|
||||
mv status.clean status
|
||||
|
||||
test -x /usr/sbin/logrotate || exit 0
|
||||
/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
|
||||
|
||||
To sum up, logrotate is a very useful tool for preventing gigantic log files from using up storage space. Once configured, the process is fully automated, and can run without human intervention for a long time. This tutorial focused on several basic examples of how to use logrotate. You can customize it even further to match your requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Hope this helps.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/09/logrotate-manage-log-files-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sarmed Rahman][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/sarmed
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
Reset Unity and Compiz Settings in Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip]
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
If you keep experimenting with your Ubuntu system you might end up with a messed up Unity and Compiz settings. In this quick tip we shall see how to reset Unity and Compiz settings in Ubuntu 14.04. In fact it is all about running a couple of commands.
|
||||
|
||||
### Reset Unity and Compiz settings in Ubuntu 14.04 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following command to reset compiz:
|
||||
|
||||
dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
|
||||
|
||||
When you have reset compiz, restart Unity:
|
||||
|
||||
setsid unity
|
||||
|
||||
Optionally, if you want to reset Unity to the default launcher icons, try the command below:
|
||||
|
||||
unity --reset-icons
|
||||
|
||||
### Possible troubleshoot: ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you encounter an error like this while resetting the compiz:
|
||||
|
||||
> error: GDBus.Error:org.gtk.GDBus.UnmappedGError.Quark._g_2dfile_2derror_2dquark.Code17: Cannot open dconf database: invalid gvdb header
|
||||
|
||||
The possible reason is that user file has messed up. Make a back up of dconf config and remove the config file:
|
||||
|
||||
mv ~/.config/dconf/ ~/.config/dconf.bak
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this quick tip helped you to reset Unity and compiz in Ubuntu 14.04. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/reset-unity-compiz-settings-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
85
translated/talk/20140828 Interesting facts about Linux.md
Normal file
85
translated/talk/20140828 Interesting facts about Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
|
||||
Linux趣事
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
今天，8月25号，是Linux的第23个生日。1991年，8月25日，21岁的赫尔辛基大学的学生发布了举世闻名的[新闻组][1](Usenet post)，标志着现在世界著名的Linux正式诞生。
|
||||
|
||||
23年以后的今天，linux已经无处不在，不仅仅被安装于桌面系统，[智能手机][2]和嵌入式系统，甚至也被[龙头企业][3]用于他们的关键系统，比如说像[美国海军的核潜艇][4]（US Navy's nuclear submarines）和[联邦航空局的空中管制系统][5](FAA's air traffic control)。进入无处不在的云计算时代，linux在云计算平台方面仍然保持着它的优势。
|
||||
|
||||
今天，我们一起庆祝linux 23岁生日，就让我们告诉你**一些你可能不知道的linux趣事和linux历史**。如果有什么要补充的，请在评论中分享出来。在这篇文章里，我可能用会用“linux”，“kernel”和“Linux kernel”来表示同一个意思。
|
||||
|
||||
1.关于linux是否是一个开源的操作系统这种争论一直是无休无止的。事实上，“Linux”操作系统的核心组件参照的是Linux kernel（内核）。而反派认为Linux不是一个纯粹的操作系统，因为他们认为仅仅一个内核（kernel），并不是一个操作系统，自由软件的推崇者认为最大的操作系统应叫做“[GNU/Linux][7]”把功劳归于应得的人。（比如：[GNU project][8]）。另一方面，一些linux的开发者认为，linux拥有成为一个操作系统的资格，因为它实现了[POSIX标准][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
2.从openhub网站的统计来看，绝大部分（95%）的Linux是用C语言写的。第二（2.8%）受欢迎的是汇编语言。毫无疑问，C语言比C++ 的更受欢迎，也表明了linus对C++的立场。下面是Linus编程语言的分类。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3.在世界上，Linux已经被[13,036个贡献者][10]创建和修改。当然，贡献最多的还是Linus Torvalds自己。直到目前，他提交了20,000次以上的代码。下图显示了所有提交次数最多的前十位Linux贡献者。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4.Linux的代码行（SLOC）有超过1700万行。估计整个代码库的花费大概是5,526人年，或者是超过300M（1M=10*1000万亿）美元，[基于模型的基本估算法][11]（basic COCOMO model）。
|
||||
|
||||
5.企业并不是单纯的Linux消费者。他们的员工也在[积极参与][12]Linux的开发。下图显示了前十的Linux内核开发参与的企业员工2013年提交次数的总和。他们包括linux的商业版发行者(Red Hat,SUSE),芯片/嵌入式系统制造商（Intel，Texas Instrument，wolfson），非盈利性组织（Linaro）和其他的IT公司（IBM，Samsung，Google）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
6.Linux的官方吉祥物是“小企鹅”，一个非常可爱的企鹅标志。[第一次提出][13]并决定小企鹅作为Linux吉祥物/标志这个想法的是Linus自己。为什么是小企鹅呢？因为Linus本人很喜欢企鹅，尽管他曾经被一只凶猛的企鹅咬伤过，还导致他得了一场病。
|
||||
|
||||
7.一个Linux系统“包括”Linux内核、支持GUN的组件和库、和一些第三方的应用。[distrowatch网站][14]显示，现在总共有286个活跃的Linux发行版。其中最老的一个版本叫[Slackware][15],它是从1993年正式发布出来的一个可用的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
8.Kernel.org是一个Linux源码的主要仓库，曾经在2011年8月被一个匿名的攻击者[攻陷][16],攻击者打算篡改kernel.org的服务器。为了加强linux内核的访问策略的安全性，Linux基金会最近在Linux内核的Git官方托管的仓库上[开启了][17]双重认证。
|
||||
|
||||
9.Linux在500强超级计算机中的优势还在[增加][18]。截至2014年6月，运算速度最快的计算机97%都是运行在Linux上面的。
|
||||
|
||||
10.太空监视（spacewatch），是亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室的一个研究项目，在GNU/Linux和它的创造者们出现之后，用他们名字命名了几颗小行星（[小行星9793 Torvalds][19],[小行星9882 Stallman][20]，[小行星9885 Linux][21]，[小行星9965 GUN][22]），以表彰他们把开源操作系统用于他们的小行星调查活动。
|
||||
|
||||
11.纵观Linux内核发展得近代史，版本从2.6到3.0有一个很大的跳跃。这个[重编的版本号3][23]实际上并不是意味着Linux内核有什么重大的构建，但却标志着Linux 20周年的一个里程碑。
|
||||
|
||||
12.在2000年的时候，乔帮主还在苹果。他当时就[尝试雇佣][24]Linus Torvalds，让他放弃Linux的开发，转而为“Unix最大的用户群工作”，这个项目后面发展成了MAC OS X。当时，linus拒绝了乔帮主的邀请。
|
||||
|
||||
13.Linux 内核的重启函数[reboot()][25]要求两个神奇的数字，而这第二个数字来自Linus Torvalds和他的3个女儿的出生日期。
|
||||
|
||||
14.虽然全世界都有Linux的很多粉丝，但是也仍然存在很多对Linux的批评（主要是桌面系统），如缺乏硬件支持，缺乏标准化，由于很短的升级和发布周期导致系统的不稳定，等。2014年Linux内核小组在linuxCon大会上，当Linus被问及Linux的未来将何去何从，他表示“I still want the desktop”(我仍然希望桌面化)。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你还知道些关于Linux的趣事，请写在评论里。
|
||||
|
||||
生日快乐，Linux！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/interesting-facts-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[barney-ro](https://github.com/barney-ro)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=comp.os.minix/dlNtH7RRrGA/SwRavCzVE7gJ
|
||||
[2]:http://developer.android.com/about/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://fortune.com/2013/05/06/how-linux-conquered-the-fortune-500/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7789
|
||||
[5]:http://fcw.com/Articles/2006/05/01/FAA-manages-air-traffic-with-Linux.aspx
|
||||
[6]:http://thecloudmarket.com/stats
|
||||
[7]:http://www.gnu.org/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-history.html
|
||||
[9]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX
|
||||
[10]:https://www.openhub.net/p/linux/contributors/summary
|
||||
[11]:https://www.openhub.net/p/linux/estimated_cost
|
||||
[12]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/publications/linux-foundation/who-writes-linux-2013
|
||||
[13]:http://www.sjbaker.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_History_of_Tux_the_Linux_Penguin
|
||||
[14]:http://distrowatch.com/search.php?ostype=All&category=All&origin=All&basedon=All¬basedon=None&desktop=All&architecture=All&status=Active
|
||||
[15]:http://www.slackware.com/info/
|
||||
[16]:http://pastebin.com/BKcmMd47
|
||||
[17]:http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/203-konstantin-ryabitsev/784544-linux-kernel-git-repositories-add-2-factor-authentication
|
||||
[18]:http://www.top500.org/statistics/details/osfam/1
|
||||
[19]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9793
|
||||
[20]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9882
|
||||
[21]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9885
|
||||
[22]:http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9965
|
||||
[23]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/5/29/204
|
||||
[24]:http://www.wired.com/2012/03/mr-linux/2/
|
||||
[25]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/kernel/reboot.c#L199
|
||||
[26]:http://www.nndb.com/people/444/000022378/
|
||||
[27]:http://linuxfonts.narod.ru/why.linux.is.not.ready.for.the.desktop.current.html
|
||||
[28]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8myENKt8bD0
|
||||
@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
|
||||
15个关于Linux‘cd’命令的练习例子
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux中，**‘cd‘（改变目录）**命令，是对新手和系统管理员来说，最重要最常用的命令。对管理无屏幕服务器的管理员，‘**cd**‘是引导进入目录，检查日志，执行程序/应用软件/脚本和其余每个任务的唯一方法。对新手来说，是他们必须自己动手学习的最初始命令
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linux中15个cd命令举例
|
||||
|
||||
所以，请用心，我们在这会带给你**15**个基础的‘**cd**‘命令，它们富有技巧和捷径，学会使用这些了解到的技巧，会大大减少你在终端上花费的努力和时间
|
||||
|
||||
### 课程细节 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- 命令名称：cd
|
||||
- 代表：切换目录
|
||||
- 使用平台：所有Linux发行版本
|
||||
- 执行方式：命令行
|
||||
- 权限：访问自己的目录或者其余指定目录
|
||||
- 级别：基础/初学者
|
||||
|
||||
1. 从当前目录切换到/usr/local
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$ cd /usr/local
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
|
||||
|
||||
2. 使用绝对路径，从当前目录切换到/usr/local/lib
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd /usr/local/lib
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$
|
||||
|
||||
3. 使用相对路径，从当前路径切换到/usr/local/lib
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd lib
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$
|
||||
|
||||
4. **（a）**切换当前目录到上级目录
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$ cd -
|
||||
|
||||
/usr/local
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
|
||||
|
||||
4. **（b）**切换当前目录到上级目录
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$ cd ..
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
|
||||
|
||||
5. 显示我们最后一个离开的工作目录（使用‘-’选项）
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd --
|
||||
|
||||
/home/avi
|
||||
|
||||
6. 从当前目录向上级返回两层
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd ../ ../
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr$
|
||||
|
||||
7. 从任何目录返回到用户home目录
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd ~
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$
|
||||
|
||||
8. 切换工作目录到当前工作目录（通常情况下看上去没啥用）
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$ cd .
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$ cd ./
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$
|
||||
|
||||
9. 你当前目录是“/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages”，现在要切换到“home/avi/Desktop/”，要求：一行命令，通过向上一直切换直到‘/’，然后使用绝对路径
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages$ cd ../../../../../home/avi/Desktop/
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/Desktop$
|
||||
|
||||
10. 从当前工作目录切换到/var/www/html，要求：不要将命令打完整，使用TAB
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/var/www$ cd /v<TAB>/w<TAB>/h<TAB>
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$
|
||||
|
||||
11. 从当前目录切换到/etc/v__ _，啊呀，你竟然忘了目录的名字，但是你又不想用TAB
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$ cd /etc/v*
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/etc/vbox$
|
||||
|
||||
**请注意：**如果只有一个目录以‘**v**‘开头，这将会移动到‘**vbox**‘。如果有很多目录以‘**v**‘开头，而且命令行中没有提供更多的标准，这将会移动到第一个以‘**v**‘开头的目录（按照他们在标准字典里字母存在的顺序）
|
||||
|
||||
12. 你想切换到用户‘**av**‘（不确定是avi还是avt）目录，不用**TAB**
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/etc$ cd /home/av?
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$
|
||||
|
||||
13. Linux下的pushed和poped
|
||||
|
||||
Pushed和poped是Linux bash命令，也是其他几个能够保存当前工作目录位置至内存，并且从内存读取目录作为当前目录的脚本，这些脚本也可以切换目录
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$ pushd /var/www/html
|
||||
|
||||
/var/www/html ~
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令保存当前目录到内存，然后切换到要求的目录。一旦poped被执行，它会从内存取出保存的目录位置，作为当前目录
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$ popd
|
||||
~
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$
|
||||
|
||||
14. 切换到带有空格的目录
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$ cd test\ tecmint/
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$ cd 'test tecmint'
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~$ cd "test tecmint"/
|
||||
avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
|
||||
|
||||
15. 从当前目录切换到下载目录，然后列出它所包含的内容（使用一行命令）
|
||||
|
||||
avi@tecmint:/usr$ cd ~/Downloads && ls
|
||||
|
||||
…
|
||||
.
|
||||
service_locator_in.xls
|
||||
sources.list
|
||||
teamviewer_linux_x64.deb
|
||||
tor-browser-linux64-3.6.3_en-US.tar.xz
|
||||
.
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
我们尝试使用最少的词句和一如既往的友好，来让你了解Linux的工作和执行
|
||||
|
||||
这就是所有内容。我很快会带着另一个有趣的主题回来的。在此之前，保持和Tecmint的联系，别忘了在下面给我们提供你宝贵的反馈和评论
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/cd-command-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu14.04上安装UberWriterMarkdown编辑器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
下面将展示如何通过官方的PPA源在Ubuntu14.04上安装UberWriter编辑器
|
||||
这是一篇快速教程指导我们如何通过官方的PPA源在Ubuntu14.04上安装UberWriter编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
[UberWriter][1]是一款Ubuntu下的Markdown编辑器，它简洁的界面能让我们更致力于编辑文字。UberWriter利用了[pandoc][3](一个格式转换器)。但由于UberWriter的UI是基于GTK3的，因此不能完全兼容Unity桌面系统。以下是对UberWriter功能的列举：
|
||||
|
||||
- 简洁的界面
|
||||
@ -13,7 +14,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu14.04上安装UberWriter ###
|
||||
|
||||
UberWriter可以在[Ubuntu软件中心][4]中找到但是安装需要支付$5。如果你真的喜欢这款编辑器并想为开发者提供一些资金支持的话，我很建议你购买它。
|
||||
UberWriter可以在[Ubuntu软件中心][4]中找到但是安装需要支付5刀。如果你真的喜欢这款编辑器并想为开发者提供一些资金支持的话，我很建议你购买它。
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，UberWriter也能通过官方的PPA源来免费安装。通过如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,16 +30,15 @@ UberWriter可以在[Ubuntu软件中心][4]中找到但是安装需要支付$5。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当想要导出到PDF的时候会提示先安装texlive。
|
||||
我尝试导出到PDF的时候被提示安装texlive。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
虽然导出到HTML和ODT格式是好的。
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux下还有一些其他的markdown编辑器。[Remarkable][5]是一款能够实时预览的编辑器，但UberWriter不能。如果你在寻找文本编辑器的话，你以可以试试[Texmaker LaTeX editor][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
系统这次展示能够帮你在Ubuntu14.04上成功安装UberWriter。我猜想UberWriter在Ubuntu12.04，Linux Mint 17，Elementary OS和其他在Ubuntu的基础上的Linux发行版上也能成功安装。
|
||||
在Linux下还有一些其他的markdown编辑器。[Remarkable][5]是一款能够实时预览的编辑器，UberWriter却不能，不过总的来说它是一款很不错的应用。如果你在寻找文本编辑器的话，你以可以试试[Texmaker LaTeX editor][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
系统这个教程能够帮你在Ubuntu14.04上成功安装UberWriter。我猜想UberWriter在Ubuntu12.04，Linux Mint 17，Elementary OS和其他在Ubuntu的基础上的Linux发行版上也能成功安装。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/install-uberwriter-markdown-editor-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[John](https://github.com/johnhoow)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user