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translating---geekpi
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Audacity quick tip: quickly remove background noise
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======
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translating---geekpi
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Starting user software in X
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======
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There are currently many ways of starting software when a user session starts.
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This is an attempt to collect a list of pointers to piece the big picture together. It's partial and some parts might be imprecise or incorrect, but it's a start, and I'm happy to keep it updated if I receive corrections.
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### x11-common
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`man xsession`
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* Started by the display manager for example, `/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/01_debian.conf` or `/etc/gdm3/Xsession`
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* Debian specific
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* Runs scripts in `/etc/X11/Xsession.d/`
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* `/etc/X11/Xsession.d/40x11-common_xsessionrc` sources `~/.xsessionrc` which can do little more than set env vars, because it is run at the beginning of X session startup
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* At the end, it starts the session manager (`gnome-session`, `xfce4-session`, and so on)
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### systemd --user
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* <https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/User>
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* Started by `pam_systemd`, so it might not have a DISPLAY variable set in the environment yet
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* Manages units in:
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* `/usr/lib/systemd/user/` where units provided by installed packages belong.
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* `~/.local/share/systemd/user/` where units of packages that have been installed in the home directory belong.
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* `/etc/systemd/user/` where system-wide user units are placed by the system administrator.
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* `~/.config/systemd/user/` where the users put their own units.
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* A trick to start a systemd user unit when the X session has been set up and the DISPLAY variable is available, is to call `systemctl start` from a `.desktop` autostart file.
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### dbus activation
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* <https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/system-activation.txt>
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* A user process making a dbus request can trigger starting a server program
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* For systems debugging, is there a way of monitoring what services are getting dbus activated?
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### X session manager
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* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager>
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* Run by `x11-common`'s `Xsession.d`
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* Runs freedesktop autostart .desktop files
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* Runs Desktop Environment specific software
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### xdg autostart
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* <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html>
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* Run by the session manager
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* If `/etc/xdg/autostart/foo.desktop` and `~/.config/autostart/foo.desktop` exist then only the file `~/.config/autostart/foo.desktop` will be used because `~/.config/autostart/` is more important than `/etc/xdg/autostart/`
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* Is there an ordering or is it all in parallel?
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### Other startup notes
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#### ~/.Xauthority
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To connect to an X server, a client needs to send a token from `~/.Xauthority`, which proves that they can read the user's provate data.
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`~/.Xauthority` contains a token generated by display manager and communicated to X at startup.
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To view its contents, use `xauth -i -f ~/.Xauthority list`
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.enricozini.org/blog/2018/debian/starting-user-software/
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作者：[Enrico Zini][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.enricozini.org/
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translated/tech/20180521 Starting user software in X.md
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在 X 中启动用户软件
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======
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目前有很多方法可以在开启用户会话时启动软件。
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这是一篇试图将所有方法聚集在一起的文章。某些部分可能不精确或不正确，但这是一个开始，如果我收到更正，我很乐意保持更新。
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### x11-common
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`man xsession`
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* 由显示管理器启动，如 `/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/01_debian.conf` 或 `/etc/gdm3/Xsession`。
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* Debian 特定。
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* 在 `/etc/X11/Xsession.d/` 中运行脚本。
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* `/etc/X11/Xsession.d/40x11-common_xsessionrc` 引用 `~/.xsessionrc` ，它只比设置环境变量能做的多一点，因为它在 X 会话启动时运行。
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* 最后，它启动会话管理器（`gnome-session`、`xfce4-session` 等等）。
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### systemd --user
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* <https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/User>
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* 由 `pam_systemd` 启动，所以它可能在环境变量中没有 DISPLAY 变量设置。
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* 管理单元：
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* `/usr/lib/systemd/user/` 由已安装的软件包提供的单元。
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* `~/.local/share/systemd/user/` 由安装在家目录的软件包提供的单元。
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* `/etc/systemd/user/` 由系统管理员提供的系统范围的用户的单元。
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* `~/.config/systemd/user/` ，用户自己放置的单元。
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* 设置 X 会话并使用 DISPLAY 变量时，启动 systemd 用户单元的技巧是从 `.desktop` 自启动文件调用 `systemctl start`。
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### dbus activation
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* <https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/system-activation.txt>
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* 进行 dbus 请求的用户进程可以触发启动服务器程序。
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* 对于系统调试，有没有一种方法可以监控哪些服务正在启动 dbus？
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### X 会话管理器
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* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_session_manager>
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* 由 `x11-common` 的 `Xsession.d` 运行。
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* 运行 freedesktop autostart .desktop 文件。
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* 运行桌面环境特定的软件。
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### xdg autostart
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* <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html>
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* 由会话管理器运行
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* 如果存在 `/etc/xdg/autostart/foo.desktop` 和 `~/.config/autostart/foo.desktop` ，那么只会使用 `~/.config/autostart/foo.desktop`，因为 `~/.config/autostart/` 比 `/etc/xdg/autostart/` 更重要。
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* 是否有顺序或者并行？
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### 其他启动笔记
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#### ~/.Xauthority
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要连接到 X 服务器，客户端需要从 `~/.Xauthority` 发送一个令牌，这证明他们可以读取用户的隐私数据。
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`~/.Xauthority` 包含显示管理器生成的一个令牌，并在启动时传递给 X。
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要查看它的内容，请使用 `xauth -i -f ~/.Xauthority list`。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.enricozini.org/blog/2018/debian/starting-user-software/
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作者：[Enrico Zini][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.enricozini.org/
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