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Linux wc Command Explained for Beginners (6 Examples)
======
While working on the command line, sometimes you may want to access the number of words, byte counts, or even newlines in a file. If you are looking for a tool to do this, you'll be glad to know that in Linux, there exists a command line utility - dubbed **wc** \- that does all this for you. In this article, we will be discussing this tool through easy to understand examples.
But before we jump in, it's worth mentioning that all examples provided in this tutorial have been tested on Ubuntu 16.04.
### Linux wc command
The wc command prints newline, word, and byte counts for each input file. Following is the syntax of this command line tool:
wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
And here's how wc's man page explains it:
```
Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is
specified. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. With no
FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
```
The following Q&A-styled examples will give you an even better idea about the basic usage of wc.
Note: We'll be using a file named file.txt as the input file in all our examples. Following is what the file contains:
```
hi
hello
how are you
thanks.
```
### Q1. How to print the byte count
Use the **-c** command line option to print the byte count.
wc -c file.txt
Here's the output this command produced on our system:
[![How to print the byte count][1]][2]
So the file contains 29 bytes.
### Q2. How to print the character count
To print the number of characters, use the **-m** command line option.
wc -m file.txt
Here's the output this command produced on our system:
[![How to print the character count][3]][4]
So the file contains 29 characters.
### Q3. How to print the newline count
Use the **-l** command line option to print the number of newlines in the file.
wc -l file.txt
Here's the output in our case:
[![How to print the newline count][5]][6]
### Q4. How to print the word count
To print the number of words present in the file, use the **-w** command line option.
wc -w file.txt
Following the output the command produced in our case:
[![How to print the word count][7]][8]
So this reveals there are 6 words in the file.
### Q5. How to print the maximum display width or length of longest line
In case you want to print the length of the longest line in the input file, use the **-L** command line option.
wc -L file.txt
Here's the output the command produced in our case:
[![How to print the maximum display width or length of longest line][9]][10]
So the length of the longest file in our file is 11.
### Q6. How to read input file name(s) from a file
In case you have multiple file names, and you want wc to read them from a file, then use the **\--files0-from** option.
wc --files0-from=names.txt
[![How to read input file name\(s\) from a file][11]][12]
So you can see that the wc command, in this case, produced lines, words, and characters count for file.txt in the output. The name file.txt was mentioned in the names.txt file. It's worth mentioning that to successfully use this option, names written the file should be NUL terminated - you can generate this character by typing Ctrl+v followed by Ctrl+Shift+@.
### Conclusion
As you'd agree, wc is a simple command, both from understanding and usage purposes. We've covered pretty much all command line options the tool offers, so you should be ready to use the tool on a daily basis once you practice whatever we've explained here. For more info on wc, head to its [man page][13].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-wc-command-explained-for-beginners-6-examples/
作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com
[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-c-option.png
[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-c-option.png
[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-m-option.png
[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-m-option.png
[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-l-option.png
[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-l-option.png
[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-w-option.png
[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-w-option.png
[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-L-option.png
[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-L-option.png
[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-file0-from-option.png
[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-file0-from-option.png
[13]:https://linux.die.net/man/1/wc

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Linux wc 命令入门
======
有些时候，我们需要在命令行环境下获取一个文件的单词数量，字节数甚至行数。Linux 自带了一个命令行工具 **wc** 可以完成这些功能。下面举几个例子。
请注意，以下例子的运行环境是 Ubuntu 16.04。
### Linux wc 命令
wc 命令会打印文件的行数，单词数和字节数。以下是这个命令的使用方法：
wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
wc 的 man 页面的描述：
```
Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is
specified. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. With no
FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
```
下面举 6 个例子，看看 wc 命令的基本使用方法。
**注意**：例子中使用的 file.txt 是输入文件。这个文件的内容是：
```
hi
hello
how are you
thanks.
```
### Q1. 如何打印文件的字节数
使用 **-c** 参数打印字节数。
```
wc -c file.txt
```
这个命令会输出：
[![How to print the byte count][1]][2]
这个文件包含 29 个字节。
### Q2. 如何打印文件的字符数
使用 **-m** 参数打印字符数。
```
wc -m file.txt
```
这个命令会输出：
[![How to print the character count][3]][4]
这个文件包含 29 个字符。
### Q3. 如何打印文件的行数
使用 **-l** 参数打印字符数。
```
wc -l file.txt
```
这个命令会输出：
[![How to print the newline count][5]][6]
这个文件包含 4 行。
### Q4. 如何打印文件的单词数
使用 **-w** 参数打印单词数。
```
wc -w file.txt
```
这个命令会输出：
[![How to print the word count][7]][8]
所以，这个文件包含 6 个单词。
### Q5. 如何打印最长的行的的长度
使用 **-L** 参数打印打印最长的行的的长度。
```
wc -L file.txt
```
这个命令会输出：
[![How to print the maximum display width or length of longest line][9]][10]
所以，这个文件最长的行的长度是 11。
### Q6. 如何使用一个文件的内容作为命令的输入
如果你有一个存放多个文件名的文件，你可以使用 **\--files0-from** 参数从该文件一次读取所有文件。
```
wc --files0-from=names.txt
```
这个命令会输出：
[![How to read input file name\(s\) from a file][11]][12]
在这个例子中， wc 命令打印 file.txt 文件的行数，单词书和字符数。需要注意的是 names.txt 文件的每一行都要使用 NUL 字符作为结尾。你可以使用 Ctrl+v 然后 Ctrl+Shift+@ 输入 NUL 字符。
### 总结
wc 是一个简单易用的命令。上述几个例子简要地说明了这个命令的使用方法，方便我们在日常参考使用。更多 wc 的说明，请参考 [man page][13]。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-wc-command-explained-for-beginners-6-examples/
作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/cyleung)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com
[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-c-option.png
[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-c-option.png
[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-m-option.png
[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-m-option.png
[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-l-option.png
[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-l-option.png
[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-w-option.png
[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-w-option.png
[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-L-option.png
[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-L-option.png
[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-file0-from-option.png
[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-file0-from-option.png
[13]:https://linux.die.net/man/1/wc