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LinuxBars翻译认领
Five Linux Server Distros Worth Checking Out
====
>Pretty much any of the nearly 300 Linux distributions you'll find listed on Distrowatch can be made to work as servers. Here are those that stand out above the rest.
![](http://windowsitpro.com/site-files/windowsitpro.com/files/imagecache/large_img/uploads/2016/09/cloudservers.jpg)
Pretty much any of the nearly 300 Linux distributions you'll find listed on Distrowatch can be made to work as servers. Since Linux's earliest days, users have been provisioning "all purpose" distributions such as Slackware, Debian and Gentoo to do heavy lifting as servers for home and business. That may be fine for the hobbyist, but its a lot of unnecessary work for the professional.
From the beginning, however, there have been distributions with no other purpose but to serve files and applications, help workstations share common peripherals, serve-up web pages and all the other things we ask servers to do, whether in the cloud, in a data center or on a shelf in a utility closet.
Here's a look at four of the most used Linux server distros, as well as one distro that might fit the bill for smaller businesses.
**Red Hat Enterprise Linux**: Perhaps the best known of Linux server distros, RHEL has a reputation for being a solid distribution ready for the most demanding mission critical tasks -- like running the New York Stock Exchange for instance. It's also backed by Red Hat's best-of-breed support.
The downside? While Red Hat is known for offering customer service and support that's second to none, its support subscriptions aren't cheap. Some might point out, however, that you get what you pay for. Cheaper third party support for RHEL is available, but you might want to do some research before going that route.
**CentOS**: Anyone who likes RHEL but would like to avoid shoveling money to Red Hat for support should take a look at CentOS, which is basically an RHEL fork. Although it's been around since 2004, in 2014 it became officially sponsored by Red Hat, which now employs most of the project's developers. This means that security patches and bug fixes are made available to CentOS soon after they're pushed to Red Hat.
If you're going to deploy CentOS, you'll need people with Linux skills on staff, because as far as technical support goes, you're mainly on your own. The good news is that the CentOS community offers excellent resources, such as mailing lists, web forums, and chat rooms, so help is available to those who search.
**Ubuntu Server**: When Canonical announced many years back that it was coming out with a server edition of Ubuntu, you could hear the snickers. Laughter turned into amazement rather quickly, however, as Ubuntu Server rapidly took hold. This was partly due to the DNA it shares as a derivative of Debian, which has long been a favorite base for Linux servers. Ubuntu filled a gap by adding affordable technical support, superior hardware support, developer tools and lots of polish.
How popular is Ubuntu Server? Recent figures show it being the most deployed operating system both on OpenStack and on the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, where it outpaces second place Amazon Linux Amazon Machine Image by a mile and leaves third place Windows in the virtual dust. Another study shows it as the most used Linux web server.
**SUSE Linux Enterprise Server**: This German distro has a large base of users in Europe, and was a top server distro on this side of the Atlantic until PR issues arose after it was bought by Novell in the early part of the century. With those days long behind it, SUSE has been gaining ground in the US, and its use will probably accelerate now that HPE is naming it as its preferred Linux partner.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, or SLES, is stable and easy to maintain, which you'd expect for a distro that's been around for nearly as long as Linux itself. Affordable 24/7 "rapid-response" technical support is available, making it suitable for mission critical deployments.
**ClearOS**: Based on RHEL, ClearOS is included here because it's simple enough for anyone, even most non-techies, to configure. Targeted at small to medium sized businesses, it can also be used as an entertainment server by home users. Using a web-based administration interface for ease-of-use, it's built with the premise in mind that "building your IT infrastructure should be as simple as downloading apps on your smart phone."
The latest release, version 7.2, includes capabilities that might not be expected from a "lightweight" offering, such as VM support which includes Microsoft Hyper-V, support for the XFS and BTRFS file systems, as well as support for LVM caching and IPv6. Available in a free version or in an inexpensive "professional" version that comes with a variety of support options.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://windowsitpro.com/industry/five-linux-server-distros-worth-checking-out
作者：[Christine Hall][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: http://windowsitpro.com/industry/five-linux-server-distros-worth-checking-out

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5个值得了解的 Linux 服务器发行版
====
>你在 Distrowatch.com 上看到被列出的将近 300 个 Linux 发行版本中，几乎任何一个发行版都可以被用来作为服务器系统。下面是一些相对于其他发行版而言比较突出的一些发行版。
![](http://windowsitpro.com/site-files/windowsitpro.com/files/imagecache/large_img/uploads/2016/09/cloudservers.jpg)
你在 Distrowatch.com 上看到被列出的将近 300 个 Linux 发行版本中，几乎任何一个发行版都可以被用来作为服务器系统，在 Linux 发展的早期，用户一直在定制“全能”发行版例如 Slackware, Debian 和 Gentoo 去为家庭和企业作为服务器去做繁重的工作。那或许对业余爱好者是不错的，但是他对于专业人员来说也带来了好多不必要的工作。
首先，这里有一些发行版除了作为文件和应用服务器，帮助工作站共享常见外围设备，服务网页和我们让服务器做的所有事情，无论是在云端，在数据中心或者在服务器机架这些之外没有其他的目的。
下面是 4 个最常用的 linux 发行版的简单总结，而且有一个发行版或许刚好可以满足小型企业的需求。
**Red Hat Enterprise Linux**: 这或许是最有名的 Linux 服务器发行版了。红帽企业版 Linux 以他在高要求的至关重要的任务上坚如磐石的稳定性而出名，例如运行着纽约证券交易系统，在后台也是有红帽服务提供支持。
那么红帽 Linux 的缺点都有什么呢？ 尽管红帽以提供首屈一指的客户服务和支持而出名，但是他的支持订阅费用并不便宜。有人可能会指出，然而这的确物有所值。确实有便宜的红帽企业 Linux 第三方服务，但是你可能会想在走那条路之前做一些研究。
**CentOS**:任何喜欢红帽企业 Linux，但是又想去避免给红帽付费来获得支持的人都应该来了解一下 CentOS，他基本上是红帽企业版 Linux 的一个分支。尽管这个项目 2004 年左右才开始，但他在 2014 年得到了现在雇佣着最多的这个项目开发者的红帽的官方支持，这意味着安全补丁和漏洞修复提交到红帽不久后就会在 CentOS 上可用。
如果你将要部署 CentOS，你将需要有 Linux 技能的员工，因为至于技术支持，你主要还是靠自己。有一个好消息是 CentOs 社区提供了十分丰富的资源，例如邮件列表，web 论坛，和聊天室，所以对那些寻找帮助的人来说，社区帮助还是有的。
**Ubuntu Server**: 当 Canonical 许多年前宣布他将要退出一个服务器版本的 Ubuntu 的时候，你可能会听到嘲笑者的声音，嘲笑很快变成了惊奇，然而，Ubuntu Server 能这么迅速地站稳脚跟，部分原因是因为其和 Debian 派生的基因，Debian 长久以来就是一个备受喜爱的 Linux 服务器发行版，Ubuntu 通过添加了一般人可以支付的起的技术支持费用，优秀的硬件支持，开发工具和很多亮点。
那么 Ubuntu Server 有多么受欢迎呢？ 最近的数据表明他正在成为在 OpenStack 和 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud 部署最多的操作系统。在那里 Ununtu Server 超过了位居第二的 Amazon Linux 亚马逊机器镜像一大截而且让第三位 Windows 处于尘封的地位。另外一个调查显示 Ubuntu Server 是使用最多的 Linux web 服务器。
**SUSE Linux Enterprise Server**: 这个源自德国的发行版在欧洲有很大的用户群，而且在这个世纪早期由网威公司引起的PR问题出现之前，他一直都是大西洋这边的排名第一服务器发行版。在那段漫长的时期，SUSE 在美国获得了发展，而且他的使用或许加速了惠普公司将他作为首选合作伙伴。
SUSE 企业级服务器，或者 SLES，稳定而且易于维护，这正是你很久以来对于一个好的 Linux 发行版所期待的东西。付费的7*24 小时快速响应技术支持可以供你选择，使得这发行版很适合关键任务的部署。
**ClearOS**: 基于 RHEL，ClearOS 在这里也要介绍一下是因为他对于每个人来说都足够简单，甚至是没有专业知识的人都可以去配置它，定位于服务中小型企业，它也可以被家庭用户用来作为娱乐服务器，为了简单易用我们可以基于 Web 界面进行管理，他是以构建你的 IT 基础设施应该像在智能手机上下载 app 一样简单为前提来定制的。
最新的发行版，7.2 版本，包括了一些可能并不轻量级的功能，例如对微软 Hyper-V 技术的 VM 支持，支持 XFS 和 BTRFS 文件系统，也支持 LVM 和 IPv6 .这些新特性在免费版本或者在不贵的带着各种支持选项的专业版中都是可用的。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://windowsitpro.com/industry/five-linux-server-distros-worth-checking-out
作者：[Christine Hall][a]
译者：[LinuxBars](https://github.com/LinuxBars)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: http://windowsitpro.com/industry/five-linux-server-distros-worth-checking-out