From 0ff9c6c29c593d35b231937a4e70040a14ee9cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: struggling <630441839@qq.com> Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2016 09:12:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Create 20160214 How to Install MariaDB 10 on CentOS 7 CPanel Server.md --- ...ll MariaDB 10 on CentOS 7 CPanel Server.md | 326 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 326 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20160214 How to Install MariaDB 10 on CentOS 7 CPanel Server.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20160214 How to Install MariaDB 10 on CentOS 7 CPanel Server.md b/translated/tech/20160214 How to Install MariaDB 10 on CentOS 7 CPanel Server.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d452af0ad --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20160214 How to Install MariaDB 10 on CentOS 7 CPanel Server.md @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@ + +在 CentOS 7 CPanel 服务器上安装 MariaDB 10 +================================================================================ + +MariaDB 是一个增强版的，开源的并且可以直接替代 MySQL。它主要由 MariaDB 社区在维护，采用 GPL v2 授权许可。软件的安全性是 MariaDB 开发者的主要焦点。他们保持为 MariaDB 的每个版本发布安全补丁。当有任何安全问题被发现时，开发者会尽快修复并推出 MariaDB 的新版本。 + +### MariaDB 的优势 ### + +- 完全开源 +- 快速且透明的安全版本 +- 与 MySQL 高度兼容 +- 性能更好 +- 比 MySQL 的存储引擎多 + +在这篇文章中，我将谈论关于如何升级 MySQL5.5 到最新的 MariaDB 在CentOS7 CPanel 服务器上。在安装前先完成以下步骤。 + +### 先决条件: ### + +#### 1. 停止当前 MySQL 服务 #### + + root@server1 [/var/# mysql + Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. + Your MySQL connection id is 5859 + Server version: 5.5.47-cll MySQL Community Server (GPL) + + Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. + + Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its + affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective + owners. + + Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. + + root@server1 [~]# systemctl stop mysql + root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql + ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL + Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql) + Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:00:02 UTC; 1min 31s ago + Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) + Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) + + Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. + Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... + Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=203/EXEC + Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Unit mysql.service entered failed state. + Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service failed. + +#### 2. 在升级之前将所有配置文件和数据库转移 #### + +转移数据库的存储路径和 MySQL 的配置文件 + + root@server1 [~]# cp -Rf /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql-old + + root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf + [mysqld] + default-storage-engine=MyISAM + innodb_file_per_table=1 + max_allowed_packet=268435456 + open_files_limit=10000 + + root@server1 [~]#mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf-old + +#### 3. 从服务器上删除和卸载 MySQL 所有的 RPM 包 #### + +运行以下命令来禁用 MySQL 的 RPM 的目标。通过运行此命令，cPanel 将不再处理 MySQL 的更新，并在系统上将卸载的标记为 rpm.versions。 + + /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL50 uninstalled + /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL51 uninstalled + /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL55 uninstalled + /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL56 uninstalled + +现在运行以下命令： + +/scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix --targets=MySQL50,MySQL51,MySQL55,MySQL56 +移除服务器上所有已存在的 MySQL rpms 来为 MariaDB 的安装清理环境。请看下面的输出： + + root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# /scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix --targets=MySQL50,MySQL51,MySQL55,MySQL56 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Problems were detected with cPanel-provided files which are RPM controlled. + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] If you did not make these changes intentionally, you can correct them by running: + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] > /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] The following RPMs are unneeded on your system and should be uninstalled: + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-client-5.5.47-1.cp1148 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-devel-5.5.47-1.cp1148 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-server-5.5.47-1.cp1148 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-shared-5.5.47-1.cp1148 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-test-5.5.47-1.cp1148 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL50-shared-5.0.96-4.cp1136 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL51-shared-5.1.73-1.cp1150 + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Removing 0 broken rpms: + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] rpm: no packages given for erase + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] No new RPMS needed for install + [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Disabling service monitoring. + [2016-01-31 09:54:01 +0000] Uninstalling unneeded rpms: MySQL55-test MySQL55-server MySQL55-client compat-MySQL51-shared compat-MySQL50-shared MySQL55-shared MySQL55-devel + [2016-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service. + [2016-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Restoring service monitoring. + +通过这些步骤，我们已经卸载了现有的 MySQL RPMs，并做了标记来防止 MySQL的更新，服务器的环境已经清理然后准备安装 MariaDB。 + +开始安装吧，我们需要在 CentOS 为 MariaDB 创建一个 yum 软件库。下面是我的做法！ + +### 安装步骤： ### + +#### 第1步：创建 YUM 软件库。#### + + root@server1 [~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo + [mariadb] + name = MariaDB + baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/ + gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB + gpgcheck=1 + root@server1 [/etc/yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo + [mariadb] + name = MariaDB + baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/ + gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB + gpgcheck=1 + +#### 第2步：打开 /etc/yum.conf 并修改如下行： #### + +**Remove this line** exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* mysql* nsd* php* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail* + +**And replace with this line** exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* nsd* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail* + +**\*\*\* IMPORTANT \*\*\*** + +需要确保我们已经从 exclude 列表中移除了 MySQL 和 PHP。 + +#### 第3步：运行以下命令来安装 MariaDB 和相关的包。 #### + +**yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-devel php-mysql** + + root@server1 [~]#yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-devel php-mysql + + Dependencies Resolved + + =============================================================================================================================================== + Package Arch Version Repository Size + =============================================================================================================================================== + Installing: + MariaDB-client x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 10 M + MariaDB-devel x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 6.3 M + MariaDB-server x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 55 M + php-mysql x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 99 k + Installing for dependencies: + MariaDB-common x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 43 k + MariaDB-shared x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 1.2 M + libzip x86_64 0.10.1-8.el7 base 48 k + php-common x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 563 k + php-pdo x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 97 k + + Transaction Summary + =============================================================================================================================================== + Install 4 Packages (+5 Dependent package) + +#### 第4步：重新启动，并确保 MySQL 服务已启动。#### + + root@server1 [~]# systemctl start mysql + root@server1 [~]# + root@server1 [~]# + root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql + ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL + Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql) + Active: active (exited) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:01:46 UTC; 3s ago + Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) + Process: 23717 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) + Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) + + Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... + Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23717]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS! + Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL. + +#### 第5步：运行 mysql_upgrade 命令。 #### + +它将检查所有数据库中的所有表与当前安装的版本是否兼容并在必要时会更新系统表采取新的特权或功能，可能会增加当前版本的性能。 + + + root@server1 [~]# mysql_upgrade + MySQL upgrade detected + Phase 1/6: Checking and upgrading mysql database + Processing databases + mysql + mysql.columns_priv OK + mysql.db OK + mysql.event OK + mysql.func OK + mysql.help_category OK + mysql.help_keyword OK + mysql.help_relation OK + mysql.help_topic OK + mysql.host OK + mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK + mysql.plugin OK + mysql.proc OK + mysql.procs_priv OK + mysql.proxies_priv OK + mysql.servers OK + mysql.tables_priv OK + mysql.time_zone OK + mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK + mysql.time_zone_name OK + mysql.time_zone_transition OK + mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK + mysql.user OK + Phase 2/6: Fixing views from mysql + Phase 3/6: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables' + Phase 4/6: Fixing table and database names + Phase 5/6: Checking and upgrading tables + Processing databases + cphulkd + cphulkd.auths OK + cphulkd.blacklist OK + cphulkd.brutes OK + cphulkd.good_logins OK + cphulkd.ip_lists OK + cphulkd.known_netblocks OK + cphulkd.login_track OK + cphulkd.logins OK + cphulkd.report OK + cphulkd.whitelist OK + eximstats + eximstats.defers OK + eximstats.failures OK + eximstats.sends OK + eximstats.smtp OK + information_schema + leechprotect + leechprotect.hits OK + modsec + modsec.hits OK + performance_schema + roundcube + roundcube.cache OK + roundcube.cache_index OK + roundcube.cache_messages OK + roundcube.cache_shared OK + roundcube.cache_thread OK + roundcube.contactgroupmembers OK + roundcube.contactgroups OK + roundcube.contacts OK + roundcube.cp_schema_version OK + roundcube.dictionary OK + roundcube.identities OK + roundcube.searches OK + roundcube.session OK + roundcube.system OK + roundcube.users OK + saheetha_test + saheetha_test.authors OK + whmxfer + whmxfer.sessions OK + Phase 6/6: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES' + OK + +#### 第6步：再次重新启动MySQL的服务，以确保一切都运行完好。 #### + + root@server1 [~]# systemctl restart mysql + root@server1 [~]# + root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql + ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL + Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql) + Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:04:11 UTC; 9s ago + Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) + Process: 23831 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) + Process: 23854 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) + Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC) + CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service + ├─23861 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/server1.centos7-test.com.pid + └─23933 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/v... + + Jan 31 10:04:10 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... + Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23854]: Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! + Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL. + +#### 第7步：运行 EasyApache 用 MariaDB 重建 Apache/PHP，并确保所有 PHP 的模块保持不变。#### + + root@server1 [~]#/scripts/easyapache --build + + ****IMPORTANT ***** + If you forget to rebuild Apache/PHP after the MariaDB installation, it will report the library error as below: + + root@server1 [/etc/my.cnf.d]# php -v + php: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory + +#### 第8步：现在验证安装的数据库。 #### + + root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql + Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. + Your MariaDB connection id is 15 + Server version: 10.0.23-MariaDB MariaDB Server + + Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. + + Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. + + MariaDB [(none)]> show storage engines; + +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ + | Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints | + +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ + | CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO | + | MRG_MyISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO | + | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO | + | BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO | + | MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO | + | InnoDB | DEFAULT | Percona-XtraDB, Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES | + | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO | + | FEDERATED | YES | FederatedX pluggable storage engine | YES | NO | YES | + | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO | + | Aria | YES | Crash-safe tables with MyISAM heritage | NO | NO | NO | + +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ + 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) + +就这样 ：）。现在，我们该去欣赏 MariaDB 完善和高效的特点了。希望你喜欢阅读本文。希望留下您宝贵的建议和反馈！ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/how-tos/install-mariadb-10-centos-7-cpanel/ + +作者：[Saheetha Shameer][a] +译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/saheethas/