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[![Linux vs. Unix](http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/unix-vs-linux_orig.jpg)][1]
​In computer time, a substantial part of the population has a misconception that the **Unix** and **Linux** operating systems are one and the same. However, the opposite is true. Let's look at it from a closer look.
### What is Unix?
[![what is unix](http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/unix_orig.png)][2]
In IT, we come across
[Unix][3]
as an operating system (under the trademark), which was created by AT & T in 1969 in New Jersey, USA. Most operating systems are inspired by Unix, but Unix has also been inspired by the Multics system, which has not been completed. Another version of Unix was Plan 9 from Bell Labs.
### Where is Unix used?
As an operating system, Unix is used in particular for servers, workstations, and nowadays also for personal computers. It played a very important role in the creation of the Internet, the creation of computer networks or also the client-server model.
#### Characteristics of the Unix system:
* supports multitasking (multitasking)
* Simplicity of control compared to Multics
* all data is stored as plain text
* tree saving of a single-root file
* access to multiple user accounts​
#### Unix Operating System Composition:
​
**a)**
a monolithic operating system kernel that takes care of low-level and user-initiated operations, the total communication takes place via a system call.
**b)**
system utilities (or so-called utilities)
**c)**
many other applications
### What is Linux?
[![what is linux](http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/linux_orig.png)][4]
This is an open source operating system built on the principle of a Unix system. As the name of the open-source description suggests, it is a freely-downloadable system that can be downloaded externally, but it is also possible to interfere with the system's editing, adding, and then extending the source code. It's one of the biggest benefits, unlike today's operating systems that are paid (Windows, Mac OS X, ...). Not only was Unix a model for creating a new operating system, another important factor was the MINIX system. Unlike
**Linus**
, this version was used by its creator (
**Andrew Tanenbaum**
) as a commercial system.
​
[Linux][5]
began to be developed by
**Linus Torvalds**
in 1991, which was a system that dealt with as a hobby. One of the main reasons why Linux started to deal with Unix was the simplicity of the system. The first official release of the provisory version of Linux (0.01) occurred on September 17, 1991\. Even though the system was completely imperfect and complete, it was of great interest to him, and within a few days, Linus started to write emails with other ideas about expansion or source codes.
### Characteristics of Linux
The cornerstone of Linux is the Unix kernel, which is based on the basic characteristics of Unix and the standards that are
**POSIX**
and Single
**UNIX Specification**
. As it may seem, the official name of the operating system is taken from the creator of
**Linus**
, where the end of the operating system name "x" is just a link to the
**Unix system**
.
#### Main features:
* run multiple tasks at once (multitasking)
* programs may consist of one or more processes (multipurpose system), and each process may have one or more threads
* multiuser, so it can run multiple user programs
* individual accounts are protected by appropriate authorization
* so the accounts have precisely defined system control rights
The author of
**Tuxe Penguin's**
logo is Larry Ewing of 1996, who accepted him as a mascot for his open-source
**Linux operating system**
.
**Linux Torvalds**
proposed the initial name of the new operating system as "Freax" as free + freak + x (
**Unix system**
), but it did not like the
**FTP server**
where the provisory version of Linux was running.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/linux-vs-unix
作者：[linuxandubuntu][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
[1]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/linux-vs-unix
[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/unix_orig.png
[3]:http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix.html
[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/linux_orig.png
[5]:https://www.linux.com

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[![Linux vs. Unix](http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/unix-vs-linux_orig.jpg)][1]
在计算机时代，相当一部分的人错误地认为 **Unix** 和 **LInux** 操作系统是一样的。然而，事实恰好相反。让我们仔细看看。
### 什么是 Unix？
[![what is unix](http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/unix_orig.png)][2]
在 IT 领域，作为操作系统为我们为我们所知的 Unix ，是 1969 年 AT& 公司在美国新泽西所开发的，目前它的商标权由国际开放标准组织所拥有。大多数的操作系统都受 Unix 的启发，但 Unix 也受到了未完成的 Multics 系统的启发。 Unix 的另一版本是来自贝尔实验室的 Play 9。
### Unix 被用于哪里？
作为一个操作系统，Unix 大多被用在服务器、工作站且现在也有用在个人计算机上。它在创建互联网、创建计算机网络或客户端服务器模型方面发挥着非常重要的作用。
#### Unix 系统的特点
* 支持多任务(multitasking)
* 相比 Multics 操作更加简单
* 所有数据以纯文本形式存储
* 采用单根文件的树状存储
* 能够同时访问多用户账户
#### Unix 操作系统的组成：
**a)** 单核操作系统，负责低级操作以及由用户发起的操作，内核之间的通信通过一个系统调用进行。
**b)** 系统工具
**c)** 其他运用程序
### 什么是 Linux？
[![what is linux](http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/linux_orig.png)][4]
这是一个基于 Unix 系统原理的开源操作系统。正如开源的含义一样，它是一个可以自由下载的系统。也可以干涉系统的编辑、添加，然后扩充其源代码。这是它最大的好处之一，而不像今天的其他操作系统（Windows、Mac OS X....)需要付费。Linux 系统的开发不仅是因为 Unix 系统提供了一个模板，其中还有一个重要的因素是 MINIX 系统的启发。不像 Linus，此版本被创造者（Andrew Tanenbaum）用于商业系统 。1991 年 **Linus Torvalds** 开始把对 Linux 系统的开发当做个人兴趣。其中，Linux 开始处理 Unix 的原因是系统的简单性。Linux（0.01）第一个官方版本发布于 1991年9月17日。虽然这个系统并不是很完美和完整，但 Linus 对它产生很大的兴趣。在接下来的几天，Linus 开始写关于 Linux 源代码扩展以及其他想法的电子邮件。看起来，此操作系统的正式名取自 Linus 的创造者的名字。其中，操作系统名称的结尾“x” 与 Unix 操作系统相名称相关联。
### Linux 的特点
Linux 内核是 Unix 内核，基于 Unix 的基本特点以及 **POSIX** 和 Single **UNIX 规范标准**。看起来那操作系统官方名字取自于 **Linus**,其中其操作系统名称的尾部"x"跟 **Unix 系统**相联系。
#### 主要特点：
* 一次运行多任务（多任务）
* 程序可以包含一个或多个进程（multipurpose system），且每个进程可能有一个或多个线程。
* 多用户，因此它可以运行多个用户程序。
* 个人帐户受适当授权的保护
* 因此账户准确地定义了系统控制权。
**企鹅 Tux** Logo 的作者是 Larry Ewing，他选择这个企鹅作为他的开源 **Linux 操作系统**的吉祥物。**Linux Torvalds** 最初提出这个新的操作系统的名字为 “Freax” 即为 “自由（free）” + “奇异（freak）” + x（UNIX系统）的结合字，但它并不像之前在 **FTP 服务器** 上运行的那个版本那样。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/linux-vs-unix
作者：[linuxandubuntu][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/HardworkFish)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
[1]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/linux-vs-unix
[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/unix_orig.png
[3]:http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix.html
[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/linux_orig.png
[5]:https://www.linux.com