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@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
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想知道**如何在Ubuntu 14.04中安装Java**？安装Java肯定是[安装Ubuntu 14.04后首先要做的几件事情之一](1)，而且这也很简单
|
||||
想知道**如何在Ubuntu 14.04中安装Java**？安装Java肯定是[安装Ubuntu 14.04后首先要做的几件事情之一](1)，而且这也很简单。
|
||||
|
||||
许多人比较厌恶Java，但是很有可能因为某些原因，你需要安装Java，尽管你很讨厌它。在这篇文章中，我们将展示如何在Ubuntu 14.04安装Java（也可能在Linux Mint 17同样适用）
|
||||
许多人比较厌恶Java，但是很有可能因为某些原因你需要安装Java，尽管你很讨厌它。在这篇文章中，我们将展示如何在Ubuntu 14.04安装Java（也可能在Linux Mint 17同样适用）。
|
||||
|
||||
### JRE vs OpenJDK vs Oracle JDK ###
|
||||
|
||||
在我们继续了解如何安装Java之前，让我们快速地了解JRE,OpenJDK和Oracle JDK之间的不同之处
|
||||
在我们继续了解如何安装Java之前，让我们快速地了解JRE、OpenJDK和Oracle JDK之间的不同之处。
|
||||
|
||||
- JRE（Java Runtime Environment），它是你运行一个基于Java语言应用程序的所正常需要的环境。如果你不是一个程序员的话，这些足够你的需要
|
||||
- JDK代表Java开发工具包，如果你想做一些有关Java的开发（阅读程序），这正是你所需要的
|
||||
- OpenJDK是Java开发工具包的开源实现，Oracle JDK是Java开发工具包的官方Oracle版本。尽管OpenJDK已经足够满足大多数的案例，但是许多程序比如[Android Studio](2)建议使用Oracle JDK，以避免UI/性能问题
|
||||
- JRE（Java Runtime Environment），它是你运行一个基于Java语言应用程序的所正常需要的环境。如果你不是一个程序员的话，这些足够你的需要。
|
||||
- JDK代表Java开发工具包，如果你想做一些有关Java的开发（阅读程序），这正是你所需要的。
|
||||
- OpenJDK是Java开发工具包的开源实现，Oracle JDK是Java开发工具包的官方Oracle版本。尽管OpenJDK已经足够满足大多数的案例，但是许多程序比如[Android Studio](2)建议使用Oracle JDK，以避免UI/性能问题。
|
||||
|
||||
### 检查Java是否已经安装在Ubuntu上 ###
|
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|
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
|
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|
||||
### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上安装Java ###
|
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|
||||
看了各种类型‘Java’的不同之后，让我们看如何安装他们
|
||||
看了各种类型‘Java’的不同之后，让我们看如何安装他们。
|
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|
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#### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上安装JRE ####
|
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|
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
|
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|
||||
sudo apt-get install default-jdk
|
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|
||||
特殊地，如果你想要安装Java 7或者Java 6等等，你可以使用openjdk-7-jdk/openjdk-6jdk，但是记住在此之前安装openjdk-7-jre/openjdk-6-jre
|
||||
特殊地，如果你想要安装Java 7或者Java 6等等，你可以使用openjdk-7-jdk/openjdk-6jdk，但是记住在此之前安装openjdk-7-jre/openjdk-6-jre。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上安装Oracle JDK ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -58,17 +58,17 @@
|
||||
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer
|
||||
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想安装Java 7(i.e Java 1.7)，在上面的命令中用java7代替java8
|
||||
如果你想安装Java 7(i.e Java 1.7)，在上面的命令中用java7代替java8。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这篇文章能够帮助你学会在Ubuntu,Linux Mint和其它基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版本上安装Java，我们欢迎所有问题或者建议
|
||||
我希望这篇文章能够帮助你学会在Ubuntu,Linux Mint和其它基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版本上安装Java，我们欢迎所有问题或者建议。
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-java-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
|
||||
在RHEL / CentOS / 5.x / 6.x上禁用并使单用户模式受到密码保护
|
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在RHEL / CentOS / 5.x / 6.x上用密码保护单用户模式
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
大家好,
|
||||
|
||||
如果您还没有使用密码保护单用户模式，这对你的Linux服务器会是一个很大的风险，所以在涉及到安全性时，使用密码保护单用户模式是非常重要的。
|
||||
大家好，如果您还没有使用密码保护单用户模式，这对你的Linux服务器会是一个很大的风险，所以在涉及到安全性时，使用密码保护单用户模式是非常重要的。
|
||||
|
||||
今天这篇文章我会向你展示如何在RHEL / CentOS 5.x 和 RHEL / CentOS 6.x上使用密码保护你的单用户模式。
|
||||
|
||||
请仔细地执行所给出的命令，不然你的系统将会无法正常启动。首先，我会请你先完整地读完，然后在尝试。请自己承担相应的后果:-)
|
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|
||||
|
||||
Password Protect
|
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|
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<small>Password Protect</small>
|
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|
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### 1. 对于 RHEL / CentOS 5.x ###
|
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|
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@ -17,11 +16,11 @@ Password Protect
|
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|
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cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab.backup
|
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|
||||
** 禁用并使单用户模式受到密码保护，用root执行下面的命令 :-**
|
||||
**要使单用户模式受到密码保护，用root执行下面的命令 :-**
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tejas-barot-linux ~]$ sed -i '1i su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin'
|
||||
[root@tejas-barot-linux ~]# sed -i '1i su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin' /etc/inittab
|
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|
||||
** 这样你会看到像下面这样的 **
|
||||
**这样你会看到像下面这样的**
|
||||
|
||||
su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin
|
||||
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
|
||||
@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ Password Protect
|
||||
#
|
||||
id:3:initdefault:
|
||||
|
||||
*NOTE: 如果你不想使用sed命令你可以在/etc/inittab 顶部加入 “su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin” *
|
||||
*NOTE: 如果你不想使用sed命令你可以在/etc/inittab 顶部加入 “su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin”*
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 对于 RHEL / CentOS 6.x ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -43,9 +42,9 @@ Password Protect
|
||||
|
||||
cp /etc/sysconfig/init /etc/sysconfig/init.backup
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.2 禁用并使单用户模式受到密码保护，用root执行下面的命令 :- ####
|
||||
#### 2.2 要使单用户模式受到密码保护，用root执行下面的命令 :- ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tejas-barot-linux ~]$#sed -i 's/SINGLE=\/sbin\/sushell/SINGLE=\/sbin\/sulogin/' /etc/sysconfig/init
|
||||
[root@tejas-barot-linux ~]# sed -i 's/SINGLE=\/sbin\/sushell/SINGLE=\/sbin\/sulogin/' /etc/sysconfig/init
|
||||
|
||||
**这样你会看到像下面这样的**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -53,15 +52,15 @@ Password Protect
|
||||
|
||||
*注意 :- 如果你不想使用sed你可以在 /etc/sysconfig/init 中直接改成 “SINGLE=/sbin/sulogin”*
|
||||
|
||||
E享受Linux :) 享受开源
|
||||
享受Linux :) 享受开源
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tejasbarot.com/2014/05/05/disable-password-protect-single-user-mode-rhel-centos-5-x-6-x/#axzz39oGCBRuX
|
||||
via: http://www.tejasbarot.com/2014/05/05/disable-password-protect-single-user-mode-rhel-centos-5-x-6-x/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Tejas Barot][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ Linux终端：speedtest_cli检测你的实时带宽速度
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
什么是你在家（或者办公室）的上传和下载速度？你能保证，你支付费用给ISP的同时，你得到了等价的回报？
|
||||
你在家（或者办公室）的上传和下载速度如何？你能保证，你支付费用给ISP的同时得到了等价的回报？
|
||||
|
||||
为了测试我们因特网连接的速度，当下存在着一些因特网服务，比如说SpeedTest，这是一种可以通过Web浏览器和手机应用程序浏览的web服务
|
||||
要想测试我们因特网连接的速度，当下存在着一些因特网服务，比如说SpeedTest，这是一种可以通过Web浏览器和手机应用程序浏览的web服务。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，你可以很容易地检测你的网速，使用speedtest_cli同样很简单，它是一个使用[speedtest.net][2]来测试因特网[带宽][1]的命令行界面。通过这种方式，你也可以在没有浏览器或者图形化界面的服务器上做带宽测试
|
||||
现在，你可以很容易地检测你的网速，使用speedtest_cli同样很简单，它是一个使用[speedtest.net][2]来测试因特网[带宽][1]的命令行界面。通过这种方式，你也可以在没有浏览器或者图形化界面的服务器上做带宽测试。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 ###
|
||||
|
||||
speedtest_cli是一个python脚本，所以它真的很容易安装和使用，你拥有许多方式安装它：
|
||||
speedtest_cli是一个python脚本，所以它真的很容易安装和使用，你可以通过许多方式安装它：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1）pip / easy_install ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -39,8 +39,11 @@ speedtest_cli是一个python脚本，所以它真的很容易安装和使用，
|
||||
getdeb仓库给我们提供了[安装包][3]，按照下面的步骤，就可以轻松安装：
|
||||
|
||||
- 安装[getdeb包][4]
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
- 手动地配置仓库：
|
||||
|
||||
- 手动配置仓库：
|
||||
|
||||
进入系统管理软件源，第三方软件选项，加上：
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu trusty-getdeb apps
|
||||
@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ getdeb仓库给我们提供了[安装包][3]，按照下面的步骤，就可以
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4）下载（和以前的方式一样） ####
|
||||
|
||||
作为最后的选择，只需要下载python脚本，然后在你想运行的地方运行脚本：
|
||||
最后一个选择，只需要下载python脚本，然后在你想运行的地方运行脚本：
|
||||
|
||||
wget -O speedtest-cli https://raw.github.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest_cli.py
|
||||
chmod +x speedtest-cli
|
||||
@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ getdeb仓库给我们提供了[安装包][3]，按照下面的步骤，就可以
|
||||
|
||||
### 基本用法 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以不带任何选项地运行speedtest_cli.py，然后你会在终端获得关于你带宽速度的报告，这就是我蹩脚的意大利Adsl输出：
|
||||
你可以不带任何选项地运行speedtest_cli.py，然后你会在终端获得关于你带宽速度的报告，这就是我那糟糕的意大利Adsl输出：
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./speedtest_cli.py
|
||||
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
|
||||
@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ getdeb仓库给我们提供了[安装包][3]，按照下面的步骤，就可以
|
||||
Testing upload speed...............................................
|
||||
Upload: 0.34 Mbits/s
|
||||
|
||||
这就是简简单单的基本用法，这足以让你知道你因特网连接的好坏，但是有可能，你需要和朋友分享这条信息，为了到达此目的，只需要-share选项
|
||||
这就是基本用法，这足以让你知道你因特网连接的好坏，但是可能你想要和朋友分享这条信息，那么，只需要-share选项就可以
|
||||
|
||||
./speedtest_cli.py --share
|
||||
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
|
||||
@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ getdeb仓库给我们提供了[安装包][3]，按照下面的步骤，就可以
|
||||
2918) ReteIVO by D.t.s. Srl (Arezzo, Italy) [129.79 km]
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我知道围绕在我周围的服务器的ID，我可以使用-server选项选择一个特定的服务器，所以，为了选择位于Florence（ID 2710）的服务器，我使用下面的命令：
|
||||
既然我知道了围绕在我周围的服务器的ID，我可以使用-server选项选择一个特定的服务器，所以，要想选择位于佛罗伦萨（ID 2710）的服务器，我使用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
./speedtest_cli.py --server 2710
|
||||
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
|
||||
@ -135,18 +138,16 @@ getdeb仓库给我们提供了[安装包][3]，按照下面的步骤，就可以
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-speedtest_cli-checks-you
|
||||
r-real-bandwidth-speed
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-speedtest_cli-checks-your-real-bandwidth-speed
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxaria.com/article/tool-command-line-bandwidth-linux
|
||||
[2]:http://linuxaria.com/howto/speedtest.net
|
||||
[3]:http://www.getdeb.net/
|
||||
[4]:http://archive.getdeb.net/install_deb/getdeb-repository_0.1-1~getde
|
||||
b1_all.deb
|
||||
[4]:http://archive.getdeb.net/install_deb/getdeb-repository_0.1-1~getdeb1_all.deb
|
||||
[5]:http://www.asapy.com/
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
systemd 与 sysVinit 彩版对照表
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
**systemd** 是一种新型init系统「译者注：每个操作系统都有一个启动程序，而Linux init是Linux系统操作中不可缺少的程序之一。所谓的init进程，它是一个由内核启动的用户级进程。内核自行启动（已经被载入内存，开始运行，并已初始化所有的设备驱动程序和数据结构等）之后，就通过启动一个用户级程序init的方式，完成引导进程。所以init始终是第一个进程（其进程编号始终为1）」，最早在Fedora中使用「译者注：真的吗？不是Arch？」，经过调整适应了其它许多发行版，例如RedHat、Suse和CentOS。
|
||||
|
||||
历史上，我们大部分人用过传统的SysV init 初始化脚本，它通常情况下在/etc/rc.d/init.d/文件夹下。这些脚本调用守护进程二进制代码，在后台fork一个进程。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管shell脚本非常的灵活，但是很难实现像superviseing（监管）进程和并行执行命令这样的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
通过对systemd的新式守护进程的介绍，我们发现systemd可以在runtime（运行时）更加简单的监管和控制守护进程，并且简化了监控的实现方式（implementation）。
|
||||
|
||||
**systemctl**命令是systemd团队一个非常好的首创。
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令能够显示更多的详细错误信息和包括启动错误在内的服务运行时错误。systemd引入了一个新术语：**cgroups**（控制组），它基本上是可被分层次安排的进程任务组。「译者注：这里简单介绍一下cgroup（control group）称为Containers，Containers着眼于资源的分配，利用configfs作配置。它有两个重要概念：第一是subsystem，内核可以给进程提供的服务/资源；第二是container，一个进程组，成员共享同样的一个或多个子系统分配限制。Containers是分层次的，一个container可以hold多个container。它的可取之处是创建了一个资源分配的框架，其它开发者可以利用这个框架去开发自己的资源分配patch，比如磁盘设备。」
|
||||
|
||||
如果仅仅通过原来的初始化系统，决定哪个进程是做什么的、属于哪个用户的变得越来越困难。
|
||||
|
||||
但是通过systemd，当一个进程派生其它进程时，这些子进程会被自动变成父进程控制组的成员，这样一来就可以避免继承的混乱。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
有许多新的运行[在 rhel / centos 7.0 上的 systemd 命令][1]可以替代 sysvinit 的对应命令。你也可以下载 [本文的 PDF 版本][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/systemd-vs-sysvinit-cheatsheet/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bobbin Zachariah][a]
|
||||
译者：[szrlee](https://github.com/szrlee)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bobbin/
|
||||
[1]:http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-systemd-commands/
|
||||
[2]:http://images.linoxide.com/systemd-vs-sysVinit-cheatsheet.pdf
|
||||
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
|
||||
慕尼黑市议会称： LiMux 项目的死讯被过分夸大了
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
LiMux - 慕尼黑市议会的官方操作系统
|
||||
|
||||
慕尼黑市议会的新闻发言人试图澄清其[计划重新审视当地政府 IT 系统使用的所有开源软件][1]的背后原因。
|
||||
|
||||
大量德国媒体披露，“慕尼黑市新任市长要求提交一份关于 LiMux 使用率的报告”，LiMux是一个在该市超过 80% 的市政府部门中使用的开源 Linux 发行版 ，慕尼黑市议会新闻发言人正是针对这条新闻所做的反应。
|
||||
|
||||
该报告引用了一位不愿透露姓名的市政府官员的话，他声称政府雇员在使用开源软件时“非常痛苦”，还有人人称其为“昂贵的失败”。副市长 Josef Schmid 说，（更换到开源系统）这件事是“意识形态驱使的”，并非理性的财务行为。
|
||||
|
||||
过去被看成是大规模迁移 Linux 的典范的慕尼黑市，如今这个背道而驰的新闻迅速像病毒一样扩散开来。现在市议会的新闻发言人 Stefan Hauf 正试着澄清这件事。
|
||||
|
||||
### “未来计划” ###
|
||||
|
||||
Hauf 确认了新任市长要求重新审查城市 IT 系统以及操作系统选择的事，但这份报告的目的并不像之前报道中暗示的那样仅仅是为了决定什么时候退回到 Microsoft Windows。
|
||||
|
||||
**“这是有关机构、经费、性能和可用性以及用户满意度的事，”** [Techrepublic][2] 引用了他的言辞。
|
||||
|
||||
**“（这仅仅是在收集）现实情况，为我们决定市议会今后该如何处理提供依据。”**
|
||||
|
||||
Hauf 同时也确认了市议会员工的确抱怨过 LiMux，但是主要集中在 OpenOffice 的兼容性问题上，有些问题只要换到 LibreOffice 就能解决。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，慕尼黑市会用回 Windows 吗？正如我们在之前的报道中所说：不能排除这种可能，但是现在下结论还太早。
|
||||
|
||||
目前该报告所建议的截止日期还没定，任何和慕尼黑 IT 基础设施相关的决定都需要由他们自己投票决定，主流选民目前抱有“支持” LiMux 的态度。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/munich-council-say-talk-limux-demise-greatly-exaggerated
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[sailing](https://github.com/sailing)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/munich-city-linux-switching-back-windows
|
||||
[2]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/no-munich-isnt-about-to-ditch-free-software-and-move-back-to-windows/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
|
||||
5 Reasons Why I Hate GNU/Linux – Do You Hate (Love) Linux?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
This part of Linux, I don’t like to talk very often but sometimes I do really feel some of the aspects related to Linux is real pain. Here are the five points which I come across on a daily basis, almost.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
5 Reasons Why I Hate Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Choose from Too Many Good Distros ###
|
||||
|
||||
While reading several on-line forum (a part of my hobby), I very often come across a question like – Hi, I am new to Linux, just [switched over from Windows to Linux][1]. Which Linux Distribution, I should get my hands dirty with? Oh! forgot to mention, I am an Engineering Student.
|
||||
|
||||
As soon as someone posted such question, there is a flood of comments. each distribution’s fan boy tries to make sense that the distro he is using leads all the rest, a few comments may look like:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Get your hands upon Linux Mint or Ubuntu, they are easy to use specially for newbies like you.
|
||||
1. Ubuntu is Sh** better go with Mint.
|
||||
1. If you want something like windows, better stay there.
|
||||
1. Nothing is better than Debian. It is easy to use and contains all the packages you may need.
|
||||
1. Slackware, for the point, if you learn slack you learn Linux.
|
||||
At this point, the student who asked question really gets confused and annoyed.
|
||||
1. CentOS – Nothing like this, when comes to stability.
|
||||
1. I will recommend Fedora, Bleeding edge technology implementation, you will get a lot to learn.
|
||||
1. Puppy Linux, SUSE, BSD, Manjaro, Megia, Kali, RedHat Beta, etc,……
|
||||
|
||||
At the end of discussion, the discussion forum may be used as a paper for research based upon the facts and figure provided in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
Now think the same in Windows or Mac – One may say are you Insane? Still using Windows XP or Vista but no one will try to prove that windows 8 is better than XP and XP is more on a User Friendly side. You won’t get a fan boy in Mac as well, who is trying to jump into the discussion just to make his point sounds louder.
|
||||
|
||||
You may frequently come across points like – Distros are like religion. These things makes the newbie puzzled. Anyone who have used Linux for a considerable time would be knowing that all the distros are same at the base. It is only the working interface and the way to perform task differs and that too rarely. You are using apt, yum, portage, emerge, spike or ABS who cares as far as the things are done and user is comfortable with it.
|
||||
|
||||
Well the above scenario is not only true in forums and groups on-line, it is sometimes taken to the corporate world.
|
||||
|
||||
I was recently being Interviewed by a company based in Mumbai (India). The person interviewing, asked me several questions and technologies, I have worked with. As per their requirements, I have worked with nearly half of the technologies they were looking for. A few of last conversation as mentioned below.
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: Do you know kernel editing? (Then he talked to himself for a couple of seconds – no, no not kernel editing, it is a very different thing.) Do you know how to compile a kernel on a monolithic side?
|
||||
|
||||
**Me**: Yes, we just need to make sure what we need to run in future. We need to select those options only that supports our need before compiling the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: How do you compile a kernel?
|
||||
|
||||
**Me**: make menuconfig, fire it as………..(interrupted)
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: When have you compiled the kernel lastly without any help?
|
||||
|
||||
**Me**: Very recently on my Debian…..(Interrupted)
|
||||
|
||||
**Interviewer**: Debian? Do you know what we does? Debian-Febian is not of our use. We use CentOS. Ok, I will tell the management the result. They will call you.
|
||||
|
||||
**Not to Mention**: I didn’t get the call or job, but certainly the phrase **Debian-febian** forces me to think over and over again. He could have said we don’t use Debian, we use CentOS. The tone of him, was a bit racist, it is spread-ed all over.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Some of the very important software has no support in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
No! I am not talking about Photoshop. I understand Linux is not build to perform such task. But some backbone softwares required to connect your Android phone to PC for Updation – PC Suite certainly means a lot. I have been looking for a windows PC.
|
||||
|
||||
I know Linux is more like a server side OS. Really? Is not it trying to make a point that, it has been used as a Desktop as well? If Yes! It should have other developed desktop features. For a desktop user security, stability, RAID, Kernel does not mean much. They should get their work done with little or no effort.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover the companies like Samsung, Sony, Micromax, etc are dealing with Android (Linux) Phones and they have no support to get their phone connected over a Linux PC.
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t drag me in PC suite discussion. For Linux to be a Desktop OS, it still lacks several things, Little or no gaming support – I mean high end gaming. No professional Video and Photo Editing Tools, I Said Professional. And yeah I remember Titanic and Avatar Movies were maid using some kind of FOSS video editor, I am coming to that point.
|
||||
|
||||
Agree or not, Linux still has to go a long way to be a distro for everyone.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Linuxer have a habit of living in virtual world ###
|
||||
|
||||
I am a Linux user, and I am superior than you. I can handle terminal much better than you. You know Linux is Everywhere in your wrist watch, mobile phones, remote control. You know what, Hacker’s use Linux. Are you aware as soon as you boot Linux you become hacker. You can do several things from Linux you can’t even think of using Windows and Mac.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me tell you, Linux is now being used in International Space Station. The world’s most successful movies Avatar and Titanic were build using Linux. Last but not the least, world’s 90% supercomputers are using Linux. World’s Top 5 fastest computer are using Linux. Facebook, Linkedin, Google, Yahoo all have their server based on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t mean they are wrong. I only mean they keeps on talking about the thing they very little know about.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. The long hours of compilation and dependency resolution ###
|
||||
|
||||
I am aware of automatic dependency resolution and the program getting smart day by day. Still think from corporate view, I was installing a program say ‘y‘, it had one dependency say ‘**x**‘ which was unable to be resolved automatically. While resolving ‘**x**‘ I came across 8 other dependency, a few of other were dependent on a few other libraries and program. Isn’t it painful?
|
||||
|
||||
The rule of corporate is to have the work done efficiently with less man power and as much less time as possible. Who cares if your piece of codes are coming from Windows or Mac or Linux as far as the work is done.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Too much manual work ###
|
||||
|
||||
No matter which distro you choose, you have to manually do a lot a things time-to-time. Lets say you are installing proprietary Nvidia Driver. Now you need to kill **X** manually, may need to edit **Xorg.conf** manually and still may have a broken **X**. Furthermore, you have to make sure that the next time kernel updates, it still be in working condition.
|
||||
|
||||
Think of same on Windows. You have nothing to do other than firing the executables and click** Next, Next, I Agree, Next, Forward, Finish, Reboot** and your system may very rarely have broken GUI. Though the demerit is a broken GUI is not possible to be repaired on Windows but easily on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Hey don’t tell me its because of security implementation. If you are installing something using ‘**root**‘, and still needs a lot of things done manually that not security. Some may have a point that it gives you power to configure your system to any extent. My friend at least give him a working interface from where he can configure it to next best level. Why Installer laves him to re-invent the wheel every-time in the name of security and configurability.
|
||||
|
||||
I myself is a Linux fan and have been working on this platform for nearly half a decades. I myself have used Distros of several kind and came to the above conclusion. You may have used a different distro’s and might you’ve came to a such conclusion, where you feel that Linux is not upto the mark.
|
||||
|
||||
Please do share with us, why do you hate (Love) Linux? via our comment section below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/why-i-hate-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/useful-linux-commands-for-newbies/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
wangjiezhe translating
|
||||
What are better alternatives to basic command line utilities
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The command line can be scary especially at the beginning. You might even experience some command-line-induced nightmare. Over time, however, we all realize that the command line is actually not that scary, but extremely useful. In fact, the lack of shell is what gives me an ulcer every time I have to use Windows. The reason for the change in perception is that the command line tools are actually smart. The basic utilities, what you are given to work with on any Linux terminal, are very powerful. But very powerful is never enough. If you want to make your command line experience even more pleasant, here are a few applications that you can download to replace the default ones, and will provide you with far more features than the originals.
|
||||
@ -103,4 +104,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/better-alternatives-basic-command-line-utilities
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher
|
||||
[6]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/search-text-files-patterns-efficiently.html
|
||||
[7]:https://code.google.com/p/plowshare/
|
||||
[8]:http://hisham.hm/htop/
|
||||
[8]:http://hisham.hm/htop/
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
Install UberWriter Markdown Editor In Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Quick tutorial to show you **how to install UberWriter markdown editor in Ubuntu 14.04** for free via official PPA.
|
||||
|
||||
[UberWriter][1] is a [markdown][2] editor for Ubuntu with a clean interface with focus on writing only. UberWriter utilizes [pandoc][3] markdown. The UI is based on GTK3 which is not yet fully integrated with Unity. A quick list of features for UberWriter is as following:
|
||||
|
||||
- Clean interface
|
||||
- pandoc markdown
|
||||
- Preview option
|
||||
- Distraction free “focus mode”
|
||||
- Spell check
|
||||
- Syntax highlighting and math in html and pdf
|
||||
- Option to export as PDF, HTML, ODT etc
|
||||
|
||||
### Install UberWriter in Ubuntu 14.04 ###
|
||||
|
||||
UberWriter is available in [Ubuntu Software Center][4] but it costs $5. I would really recommend that you buy it, if you like it and if you can afford it to support the developer.
|
||||
|
||||
UberWriter is also available for free via its official PPA. You can install it using the following commands in terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:w-vollprecht/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install uberwriter
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you can run it from Unity Dash. Write down your document in UberWriter. As you can see, it highlights the markdown syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can use the preview feature to see how your document will actually look like:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I tried to export it as PDF but it asked me to install texlive.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Export to HTML and ODT was fine though.
|
||||
|
||||
There are several other markdown editors available for Linux. [Remarkable][5] is one of them which has the feature of real time preview, which is not in UberWriter. But overall it is a nice application. If you are looking for document writing tool, you can also use [Texmaker LaTeX editor][6].
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this tutorial helped you to **install UberWriter in Ubuntu 14.04**. I haven’t tried but I presume that it should also work in Ubuntu 12.04, Linux Mint 17, Elementary OS and other Linux distributions based on Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-uberwriter-markdown-editor-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://uberwriter.wolfvollprecht.de/
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown
|
||||
[3]:http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/
|
||||
[4]:apt://uberwriter
|
||||
[5]:http://itsfoss.com/remarkable-markdown-editor-linux/
|
||||
[6]:http://itsfoss.com/install-latex-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
@ -1,73 +1,73 @@
|
||||
Meet the 12 Ubuntu 14.10 Wallpaper Contest Winners (So Far)
|
||||
12张Ubuntu 14.10壁纸竞赛获奖壁纸（至今）
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Get ready to glance over a group of images you’ll be seeing a whole lot more of in the coming months. Yes, the winners of the [Ubuntu 14.10 Wallpaper contest][1] have been unveiled.
|
||||
让我们欣赏一组你在未来几个月会看到一大堆的图片吧。是的，在[Ubuntu 14.10壁纸竞赛获奖者壁纸][1]已经公布了。
|
||||
|
||||
Well, announced ‘sort of’. So far twelve backgrounds have been formally selected to ship on the Ubuntu 14.10 release.
|
||||
嗯，可以说是宣布吧。到目前为止12张背景图片已经正式被应用在Ubuntu 14.10版本中了。
|
||||
|
||||
Having sifted through an entry pool of almost 400 images the judging panel made up of April’s winning artists have chosen a visually varied and colourful collection. I know I say it every 6 months, but this one looks to be the best yet (and not just because one or two of [our own favourites made it in][2]!)
|
||||
由四月份的获奖作者组成的评审团筛选了几乎400张图片，最终选择了出了视觉上丰富又多彩的一组。我知道我每6个月就要说一次这个，但是这一次的作品看起来还是那么的棒（不仅仅是因为当中一两张是[我们的最爱][2]！）。
|
||||
|
||||
### Meet The Winners ###
|
||||
### 让我们瞧瞧这几张获奖图片 ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can see the current crop of selected images below. Emphasis is on current for now as, according to the contest organiser Iain Farrell, [**he is**][3] “…awaiting a couple from people but if they don’t come back to me we’ll have to go without!” .
|
||||
你能在下面看到目前选出的作品。重点是现在目前，比赛的组织者[**Iain Farrell所说的**][3] “…awaiting a couple from people but if they don’t come back to me we’ll have to go without!” .
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Obligatory mascot wallpaper
|
||||
不可缺少的经典吉祥物壁纸
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
‘Empty Space’ by Glenn Rayat
|
||||
‘空’ —— Glenn Rayat
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Sand & horses by M. Siewert
|
||||
沙漠与马 —— M. Siewert
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Golden Leaves
|
||||
金色的叶
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Life Nomadic by Sal’
|
||||
游牧生活 —— Sal’
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
‘xgu472hf2′ by Lariliikala
|
||||
‘xgu472hf2′ —— Lariliikala
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Rocky shore? Juan PL.
|
||||
多石海岸 —— Juan PL.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
‘Warm Grasses’ by dcsearle.t21
|
||||
‘暖草’ —— dcsearle.t21
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kronach Leuchtet by Brian Fox
|
||||
克罗纳赫灯具 —— Brian Fox
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Davor Dopar’s seascape
|
||||
达沃多帕的海景
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Music by Tomasino
|
||||
托马西诺音乐
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Joel Heaps’ Sunny Autumn
|
||||
阳光之秋
|
||||
|
||||
We’ll update this post when/if any changes occur. You can grab a .zip archive of the entries for yourself [from Launchpad][4]. The full Utopic Wallpapers package, likely to include the ‘new’ default wallpaper, will be made available in the next day or two.
|
||||
如果有任何变化我们将会更新这篇文章，你可以[点击这里][4]获取这些参赛作品的压缩包。完整的乌托邦壁纸包，可能会包含进新的默认壁纸，这些都会在未来2天内发生。
|
||||
|
||||
Let us know which of the designs are your favourites in the comments below — and do try to keep things positive!
|
||||
通过下方的评论来让我们知道哪张图你的最爱吧！不要吝啬赞美之词！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/09/ubuntu-14-10-wallpaper-contest-winners
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[ZTinoZ](https://github.com/ZTinoZ)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -76,4 +76,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/09/ubuntu-14-10-wallpaper-contest-winners
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/ubuntu-14-10-wallpaper-contest
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/best-ubuntu-wallpaper-contest-entries-1410
|
||||
[3]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-wallpapers/+bug/1354341/comments/2
|
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[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-wallpapers/+bug/1354341/+attachment/4199899/+files/14.10%20images.zip
|
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[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-wallpapers/+bug/1354341/+attachment/4199899/+files/14.10%20images.zip
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@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
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translated by szrlee
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Colourful ! systemd vs sysVinit Linux Cheatsheet
|
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================================================================================
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|
||||
**systemd** 是一种新型init「译者注：每个操作系统都有一个启动程序，而Linux init是Linux系统操作中不可缺少的程序之一。所谓的init进程，它是一个由内核启动的用户级进程。内核自行启动（已经被载入内存，开始运行，并已初始化所有的设备驱动程序和数据结构等）之后，就通过启动一个用户级程序init的方式，完成引导进程。所以init始终是第一个进程（其进程编号始终为1）」系统，最早在Fedora中使用「译者注：真的吗？不是Arch？」，经过调整适应了其它许多发行版，例如RedHat、Suse和CentOS。
|
||||
|
||||
历史上，我们大部分人用过传统的SysV init 初始化脚本，它通常情况下在/etc/rc.d/init.d/文件夹下。
|
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|
||||
这些脚本调用守护进程二进制代码，在后台fork一个进程。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管shell脚本非常的灵活，但是很难实现像superviseing（监管）进程和并行执行命令这样的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
通过对systemd的新式守护进程的介绍，我们发现systemd可以在runtime（运行时）更加简单得监管和控制守护进程，并且简化了监控的实现方式（implementation）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**systemctl**命令是systemd团队一个非常好的首创。
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令能够显示更多详细的错误信息和包括启动错误在内的服务运行时错误。
|
||||
|
||||
systemd介绍了它的新术语**cgroups**（控制组），它基本上是可被分层次安排的进程任务组。「译者注：这里简单介绍一下cgroup（control group）称为Containers，Containers着眼于资源的分配，利用configfs作配置。它有两个重要概念：第一是subsystem，内核可以给进程提供的服务/资源；第二是container，一个进程组，成员共享同样的一个或多个子系统分配限制。Containers是分层次的，一个container可以hold多个container。它的可取之处是创建了一个资源分配的框架，其它开发者可以利用这个框架去开发自己的资源分配patch，比如上回提到的磁盘设备。」
|
||||
|
||||
如果仅仅通过原来的初始化系统，决定哪个进程是做什么的、属于哪个用户的变得越来越困难。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
但是通过systemd，当一个进程派生其它进程是，这些子进程会被自动变成父进程控制组的成员，这样一来就可以避免继承的混乱。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There are a lot of new [systemd commands available on rhel / centos 7.0][1]注：此文原文已做，文件名是:20140901 Awesome systemd Commands to Manage Linux System.md，如果翻译发布了，可修改此链接 version that would replace sysvinit commands. You can also download [pdf version of the systemd vs sysvinit cheatsheet][2].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/systemd-vs-sysvinit-cheatsheet/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bobbin Zachariah][a]
|
||||
译者：[szrlee](https://github.com/szrlee)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bobbin/
|
||||
[1]:http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-systemd-commands/
|
||||
[2]:http://images.linoxide.com/systemd-vs-sysVinit-cheatsheet.pdf
|
||||
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