diff --git a/sources/tech/20180618 What-s all the C Plus Fuss- Bjarne Stroustrup warns of dangerous future plans for his C.md b/sources/tech/20180618 What-s all the C Plus Fuss- Bjarne Stroustrup warns of dangerous future plans for his C.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2f9a6636e7..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20180618 What-s all the C Plus Fuss- Bjarne Stroustrup warns of dangerous future plans for his C.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,155 +0,0 @@ -Translating by qhwdw -What's all the C Plus Fuss? Bjarne Stroustrup warns of dangerous future plans for his C++ -====== - -![](https://regmedia.co.uk/2018/06/15/shutterstock_38621860.jpg?x=442&y=293&crop=1) - -**Interview** Earlier this year, Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++, managing director in the technology division of Morgan Stanley, and a visiting professor of computer science at Columbia University in the US, wrote [a letter][1] inviting those overseeing the evolution of the programming language to “Remember the Vasa!” - -Easy for a Dane to understand no doubt, but perhaps more of a stretch for those with a few gaps in their knowledge of 17th century Scandinavian history. The Vasa was a Swedish warship, commissioned by King Gustavus Adolphus. It was the most powerful warship in the Baltic Sea from its maiden voyage on the August 10, 1628, until a few minutes later when it sank. - -The formidable Vasa suffered from a design flaw: it was top-heavy, so much so that it was [undone by a gust of wind][2]. By invoking the memory of the capsized ship, Stroustrup served up a cautionary tale about the risks facing C++ as more and more features get added to the language. - -Quite a few such features have been suggested. Stroustrup cited 43 proposals in his letter. He contends those participating in the evolution of the ISO standard language, a group known as [WG21][3], are working to advance the language but not together. - -In his letter, he wrote: - ->Individually, many proposals make sense. Together they are insanity to the point of endangering the future of C++. - -He makes clear that he doesn’t interpret the fate of the Vasa to mean that incremental improvements spell doom. Rather, he takes it as a lesson to build a solid foundation, to learn from experience and to test thoroughly. - -With the recent conclusion of the C++ Standardization Committee Meeting in Rapperswil, Switzerland, earlier this month, Stroustrup addressed a few questions put to him by _The Register_ about what's next for the language. (The most recent version is C++17, which arrived last year; the next version C++20 is under development and expected in 2020.) - -**_Register:_ In your note, Remember the Vasa!, you wrote:** - ->The foundation begun in C++11 is not yet complete, and C++17 did little to make our foundation more solid, regular, and complete. Instead, it added significant surface complexity and increased the number of features people need to learn. C++ could crumble under the weight of these – mostly not quite fully-baked – proposals. We should not spend most our time creating increasingly complicated facilities for experts, such as ourselves. - -**Is C++ too challenging for newcomers, and if so, what features do you believe would make the language more accessible?** - -_**Stroustrup:**_ Some parts of C++ are too challenging for newcomers. - -On the other hand, there are parts of C++ that makes it far more accessible to newcomers than C or 1990s C++. The difficulty is to get the larger community to focus on those parts and help beginners and casual C++ users to avoid the parts that are there to support implementers of advanced libraries. - -I recommend the [C++ Core Guidelines][4] as an aide for that. - -Also, my “A Tour of C++” can help people get on the right track with modern C++ without getting lost in 1990s complexities or ensnarled by modern facilities meant for expert use. The second edition of “A Tour of C++” covering C++17 and parts of C++20 is on its way to the stores. - -I and others have taught C++ to 1st year university students with no previous programming experience in 3 months. It can be done as long as you don’t try to dig into every obscure corner of the language and focus on modern C++. - -“Making simple things simple” is a long-term goal of mine. Consider the C++11 range-for loop: -``` -for (int& x : v) ++x; // increment each element of the container v - -``` - -where v can be just about any container. In C and C-style C++, that might look like this: -``` -for (int i=0; i 分开来看，许多提议都很有道理。但将它们综合到一起，这些提议是很愚蠢的，将危害 C++ 的未来。 + +他明确表示，不希望 C++ 重蹈瓦萨号的覆辙，这种渐近式的改进将敲响 C++ 的丧钟。相反，应该吸取瓦萨号的教训，构建一个坚实的基础，吸取经验教训，并做彻底的测试。 + +在瑞士拉普斯威尔（Rapperswill）召开的 C++ 标准化委员会会议之后，本月早些时候，Stroustrup 接受了_《The Register》_ 的采访，回答了有关 C++ 语言下一步发展方向方面的几个问题。（最新版是 C++17，它去年刚发布；下一个版本是 C++20，它正在开发中，预计于 2020 年发布。） + +**Register：在你的信件《想想瓦萨号！》中，你写道：** + +> 在 C++11 开始基础不再完整，而 C++17 中在使基础更加稳固、规范和完整方面几乎没有改善。相反地，却增加了重要接口的复杂度，让人们需要学习的特性数量越来越多。C++ 可能在这种提议的重压之下崩溃 —— 这些提议大多数都不成熟。我们不应该花费大量的时间为专家级用户们（比如我们自己）去创建越来越复杂的东西。~~（还要考虑普通用户的学习曲线，越复杂的东西越不易普及。）~~ + +**对新人来说，C++ 很难吗？如果是这样，你认为怎样的特性让新人更易理解？** + +**Stroustrup：**C++ 的有些东西对于新人来说确实很难。 + +换句话说，C++ 中有些东西对于新人来说，比起 C 或上世纪九十年代的 C++ 更容易理解了。而难点是让大型社区专注于这些部分，并且帮助新手和普通 C++ 用户去规避那些对高级库实现提供支持的部分。 + +我建议使用 [C++ 核心准则][4] 作为实现上述目标的一个辅助。 + +此外，我的 “C++ 教程” 也可以帮助人们在使用现代 C++ 时走上正确的方向，而不会迷失在自上世纪九十年代以来的复杂性中，或困惑于只有专家级的用户才能理解的东西中。第二版的 “C++ 教程” 涵盖了 C++17 和部分 C++20 的内容，这本书即将要出版了。 + +我和其他人给没有编程经验的大一新生教过 C++，只要你不去深挖编程语言的每个晦涩难懂的角落，把注意力集中到 C++ 中最主流的部分，在三个月内新可以学会 C++。 + +“让简单的东西保持简单” 是我长期追求的目标。比如 C++11 的 `range-for` 循环： + +``` +for (int& x : v) ++x; // increment each element of the container v + +``` + +`v` 的位置可以是任何容器。在 C 和 C 风格的 C++ 中，它可能看到的是这样： + +``` +for (int i=0; i