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AWS adopts home-brewed KVM as new hypervisor
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### Out with Xen, in with 'core KVM technology' for new C5 instances and future VMs too
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AWS has revealed it has created a new hypervisor based on KVM, not the Xen hypervisor on which it has relied for years.
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The new hypervisor was unveiled as a virtual footnote in [news][3] of new EC2 instance type called the "C5" powered by Intel's Skylake Xeons. AWS's [FAQ][4] about the new instances notes "C5 instances use a new EC2 hypervisor that is based on core KVM technology."
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That's explosive news, because AWS has long-championed the Xen hypervisor. The Xen Project has drawn strength from the fact the mightiest public cloud uses its open-source wares. Citrix makes much of its Xen Server running a close cousin of AWS's hypervisor.
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More interesting still is AWS's news that “going forward, we’ll use this hypervisor to power other instance types.” The internet giant's post teases us with plans to “share additional technical details in a set of AWS re:Invent sessions.”
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Which sounds a lot like AWS is giving Xen the flick.
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The new hypervisor goes a long way towards explaining why AWS is [the last of the big clouds][5] to run Intel's new Skylake Xeon CPUs, because AWS has also revealed the new C5 instances run on what it describes as “a custom processor, optimized for EC2.”
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Intel and AWS both say this is a custom 3.0 GHz Xeon Platinum 8000-series processor. Chipzilla has offered a few [press-release-grade details][6]of the CPU, saying it worked with AWS on "optimized AI/deep learning engines with the latest version of the Intel Math Kernel Library" and that "MXNet and other deep learning frameworks are highly optimized to run on Amazon EC2 C5 instances."
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Intel's done custom Xeons before, offering them to [Oracle][7], among others. AWS buys CPUs by the boatload so it is no surprise Intel's done so again.
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The move to KVM is more surprising, but AWS does whatever is needed to tune its cloud for optimal performance. If that means building a hypervisor and making sure it hooks into custom Xeons, so be it.
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Whatever it reveals in three weeks, AWS is now saying the C5 instances and their new hypervisor are all about faster throughput, as the new VMs beat its previous best for network and bandwidth connecting to the cloudy concern's elastic block store (EBS).
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Here's what AWS has to say in the FAQ:
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The new hypervisor for Amazon EC2, introduced with the launch of C5 instances, is a component that primarily provides CPU and memory isolation for C5 instances. VPC networking and EBS storage resources are implemented by dedicated hardware components that are part of all current generation EC2 instance families.
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It is built on core Linux Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) technology, but does not include general purpose operating system components.
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In other words, network and storage is done elsewhere, rather than in the hypervisor, which concentrates on carving up CPU and memory resources:
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The new EC2 hypervisor provides consistent performance and increased compute and memory resources for EC2 virtualized instances by removing host system software components ... This hardware enables the new hypervisor to be very small and uninvolved in data processing tasks for networking and storage.
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Eventually all new instance types will use the new EC2 hypervisor, but in the near term, some new instance types will use Xen depending on the requirements of the platform.
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Instances running on the new EC2 hypervisor support a maximum of 27 additional PCI devices for EBS volumes and VPC ENIs. Each EBS volume or VPC ENI uses a PCI device. For example, if you attach 3 additional network interfaces to an instance that uses the new EC2 hypervisor, you can attach up to 24 EBS volumes to that instance.
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All the public facing APIs for interacting with EC2 instances that run using the new EC2 hypervisor will remain the same. For example, the “hypervisor” field of the DescribeInstances response, which will continue to report “xen” for all EC2 instances, even those running under the new hypervisor. This field may be removed in a future revision of the EC2 API.
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You should check the FAQ for the full impact of AWS moving to its new hypervisor. Here's the stats-fest for the new KVM-based C5 instances:
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| Instance Name | vCPUs | RAM in GiB | EBS*Bandwidth | Network Bandwidth |
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|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
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| c5.large | 2 | 4 | Up to 2.25 Gbps | Up to 10 Gbps |
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| c5.xlarge | 4 | 8 | Up to 2.25 Gbps | Up to 10 Gbps |
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| c5.2xlarge | 8 | 16 | Up to 2.25 Gbps | Up to 10 Gbps |
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| c5.4xlarge | 16 | 32 | 2.25 Gbps | Up to 10 Gbps |
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| c5.9xlarge | 36 | 72 | 4.5 Gbps | 10 Gbps |
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| c5.18xlarge | 72 | 144 | 9 Gbps | 25 Gbps |
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Each vCPU is a single thread on the physical CPU Amazon's acquired.
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C5 instances are available now in AWS's US East, US West (Oregon), and EU regions, as on-demand or spot servers. The biz promises additional regions will offer them soon. ®
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/11/07/aws_writes_new_kvm_based_hypervisor_to_make_its_cloud_go_faster/
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作者：[ Simon Sharwood][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/Simon-Sharwood
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[1]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/Simon-Sharwood
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[2]:https://forums.theregister.co.uk/forum/1/2017/11/07/aws_writes_new_kvm_based_hypervisor_to_make_its_cloud_go_faster/
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[3]:https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/now-available-compute-intensive-c5-instances-for-amazon-ec2/
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[4]:https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#compute-optimized
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[5]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/10/24/azure_adds_skylakes_in_fv2_instances/
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[6]:https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-xeon-scalable-processors-supercharge-amazon-web-services/
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[7]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/06/04/oracle_intel_team_on_server_with_a_dimmer_switch/
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AWS 采用自制的 KVM 作为新的管理程序
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============================================================
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### 与 Xen 一起，新的 C5 实例和未来虚拟机也将采用“核心 KVM 技术”
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AWS 透露说它已经创建了一个基于 KVM 的新的管理程序，而不是多年来依赖的 Xen 管理程序。
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新的虚拟机管理程序作为脚注被发布在新的 EC2 实例类型的[新闻][3]，它称为 “C5”，由英特尔的 Skylake Xeon 提供支持。AWS 关于新实例的 [FAQ][4] 笔记“C5 实例使用基于核心 KVM 技术的新 EC2 虚拟机管理程序”。
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这是爆炸性的新闻，因为 AWS 长期以来一直支持 Xen 管理程序。Xen 项目从最强大的公共云使用其开源软件的事实中吸取了力量。Citrix 将其大部分 Xen 服务器运行在 AWS 的管理程序中。
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更有趣的是，AWS 说：“未来，我们将使用这个虚拟机管理程序为其他实例类型提供动力。” 这个互联网巨头的文章中计划在“一系列 AWS re:Invent 会议中分享更多的技术细节”。
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这听上去和很像 AWS 要放弃 Xen。
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新的管理程序还有很长的路要走，这解释了为什么 AWS 是[最后一个运行 Intel 新的 Skylake Xeon CPU 的大云服务商][5]，因为 AWS 还透露了新的 C5 实例，它运行在它所描述的“定制处理器，针对 EC2 进行了优化。”
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Intel 和 AWS 都表示这是一款定制的 3.0 GHz Xeon Platinum 8000 系列处理器。Chipzilla 提供了一些 CPU 的[新闻发布级别的细节][6]，称它与 AWS 合作开发了“使用最新版本的 Intel 数学核心函数库优化的 AI/深度学习引擎”，以及“ MXNet 和其他深度学习框架经过高度优化，可在 Amazon EC2 C5 实例上运行。”
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Intel 之前完成了自定义 Xeons，将其提供给 [Oracle][7] 等等。AWS 大量购买 CPU，所以英特尔再次这样做并不意外。
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迁移到 KVM 更令人惊讶，但是 AWS 可以根据需要来调整云计算以获得最佳性能。如果这意味着构建一个虚拟机管理程序，并确保它链接到自定义的 Xeon，那就这样吧。
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不管它在三周内发布了什么，AWS 现在都在说 C5 实例和它们的新虚拟机管理程序有更高的吞吐量，新的虚拟机在连接到弹性块存储 （EBS） 的网络和带宽都超过了之前的最佳记录。
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以下是 AWS 在 FAQ 中的说明：
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随着 C5 实例的推出，Amazon EC2 的新管理程序是一个主要为 C5 实例提供 CPU 和内存隔离的组件。VPC 网络和 EBS 存储资源是由所有当前 EC2 实例家族的一部分的专用硬件组件实现的。
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它基于核心的基于 Linux 内核的虚拟机（KVM）技术，但不包括通用操作系统组件。
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换句话说，网络和存储在其他地方完成，而不是集中在隔离 CPU 和内存资源的管理程序上：
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新的 EC2 虚拟机管理程序通过删除主机系统软件组件，为 EC2 虚拟化实例提供一致的性能和增长的计算和内存资源。该硬件使新的虚拟机管理程序非常小，并且对用于网络和存储的数据处理任务没有影响。
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最终，所有新实例都将使用新的 EC2 虚拟机管理程序，但是在近期内，根据平台的需求，一些新的实例类型将使用 Xen。
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运行在新 EC2 虚拟机管理程序上的实例最多支持 27 个用于 EBS 卷和 VPC ENI 的附加 PCI 设备。每个 EBS 卷或 VPC ENI 使用一个 PCI 设备。例如，如果将 3 个附加网络接口连接到使用新 EC2 虚拟机管理程序的实例，则最多可以为该实例连接 24 个 EBS 卷。
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所有面向公众的与运行新的 EC2 管理程序的 EC2 交互 API 都保持不变。例如，DescribeInstances 响应的 “hypervisor” 字段将继续为所有 EC2 实例报告 “xen”，即使是在新的管理程序下运行的实例也是如此。这个字段可能会在未来版本的 EC2 API 中删除。
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你应该查看 FAQ 以了解 AWS 转移到其新虚拟机管理程序的全部影响。以下是新的基于 KVM 的 C5 实例的统计数据：
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| 实例名 | vCPU | RAM（GiB） | EBS*带宽 | 网络带宽 |
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|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
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| c5.large | 2 | 4 | 最高 2.25 Gbps | 最高 10 Gbps |
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| c5.xlarge | 4 | 8 | 最高 2.25 Gbps | 最高 10 Gbps |
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| c5.2xlarge | 8 | 16 | 最高 2.25 Gbps | 最高 10 Gbps |
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| c5.4xlarge | 16 | 32 | 2.25 Gbps | 最高 10 Gbps |
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| c5.9xlarge | 36 | 72 | 4.5 Gbps | 10 Gbps |
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| c5.18xlarge | 72 | 144 | 9 Gbps | 25 Gbps |
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每个 vCPU 都是 Amazon 购买的物理 CPU 上的一个线程。
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C5 instances are available now in AWS's US East, US West (Oregon), and EU regions, as on-demand or spot servers. The biz promises additional regions will offer them soon. ®
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现在，在 AWS 的美国东部、美国西部（俄勒冈州）和欧盟地区，可以使用 C5 实例作为按需或点播服务器。商业承诺其他地区将尽快提供。®
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/11/07/aws_writes_new_kvm_based_hypervisor_to_make_its_cloud_go_faster/
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作者：[ Simon Sharwood][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/Simon-Sharwood
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[1]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/Author/Simon-Sharwood
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[2]:https://forums.theregister.co.uk/forum/1/2017/11/07/aws_writes_new_kvm_based_hypervisor_to_make_its_cloud_go_faster/
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[3]:https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/now-available-compute-intensive-c5-instances-for-amazon-ec2/
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[4]:https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#compute-optimized
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[5]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/10/24/azure_adds_skylakes_in_fv2_instances/
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[6]:https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-xeon-scalable-processors-supercharge-amazon-web-services/
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[7]:https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/06/04/oracle_intel_team_on_server_with_a_dimmer_switch/
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