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[Translated]20160610 Getting started with ReactOS.md (#4098)
* [Translated]20160610 Getting started with ReactOS.md * ...
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Getting started with ReactOS
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==============================
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ReactOS is a relatively new open source operating system that resembles the looks of Windows NT and aims to offer similar levels of functionality and application compatibility. Featuring a wine-based user mode, this system doesn't use any of the Unix architecture, but is a rewrite of the NT architecture from scratch, with its very own FAT32 implementation, and completely free of legal implications. That said, this is not yet another Linux distro, but a unique Windows-like system that is a part of the free software world. This quick guide aims at users who want an easy to use, open source replacement for their Windows system.
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### System Installation
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Before getting started with the installation process, I should point out that the minimum requirements of ReactOS are 500 MB of free disk space and only 96 MB of RAM. I will demonstrate the installation process on a 32-bit virtual machine.
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Navigate with the arrow keys and select the desired language by pressing “Enter”.
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Next, hit “Enter” again to continue with the installation, or “R” to repair an existing install.
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On the third screen, you'll get a warning about the current limitation that applies to this early development version of the OS. Continue with “Enter” again and you'll get a summary of the settings before the final user approval. If all is good, hit “Enter” once again.
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This will take you to the partitioning stage where you may delete the highlighted option by pressing “D”, and then add primary, extended, or logical partitions with “P”, “E”, and “L” respectively. If you choose to add a partition yourself, you will be given the option to set its size by entering a number of MBs and pressing “Enter” to confirm.
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However, if you have already unused space available, hitting “Enter” once again during the partitioning stage will automatically install ReactOS in the selected partition.
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The next step is the selection of the filesystem type which for now is limited to FAT32 only.
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Next is the directory selection. I will leave this at the default “/ReactOS” and it should be fine.
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...and we're off
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Finally, we're about the choose the location of the bootloader. The first option should be the safest if installing on a real disk.
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In general, I could say that the installation of ReactOS is pretty straight forward. The interface may not look friendly or modern at all, but hitting “Enter” in every step will work just fine in most cases. That said, the development version of ReactOS it's fairly simple and easy to install.
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### Setting Up ReactOS
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Once we reboot and get into our new system, we're offered the help of the “Setup Wizard”. This wizard is basically allowing us to set up the language and keyboard layout settings.
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I used this step to add a second keyboard layout.
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I can even set a different key combination for changing the layout.
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Then I add the username...
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...and an admin pass...
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After the time settings are also set, ReactOS finalizes its configuration.
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### Inside ReactOS
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When we finally enter ReactOS for the first time, new hardware is detected and we're offered to install the available drivers automatically.
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These are the three devices that were automatically detected by ReactOS in my case:
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What you're looking at in the above screenshot is ReactOS's “applications manager” which is of course to the standards of Linux systems. You won't find anything Linux-related here, though. Only open source applications that are known to work well with the particular system are offered. That said, some categories are well populated, while others are completely empty.
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I took the liberty to install Firefox through the software center, and Notepad++ by downloading the .exe file and installing it by simply double-clicking the executable. Both worked perfectly well, their desktop icons were created, menu entries added, and Notepad++ was added in the applications manager and in the right category as well.
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I wouldn't try running any modern Windows games, but if you want to setup the Direct 3D settings you can go to “My Computer/Control Panel/WineD3D Options”. There you will find multiple options about the Direct3D which is presumably resembling dx version 8.
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Another good thing with ReactOS is the fact that the Registry entries can be accessed and set as needed through “My Computer” again.
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If you need something handier though, you may find a Registry Editor utility from the applications menu.
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Finally, if the looks of ReactOS look somewhat outdated to you, right click on the desktop and select “Properties”. Then choose the “Appearance” tab and set the theme and color that you prefer.
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### Conclusion
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Honestly, I was impressed by the way ReactOS works. It's quite solid, coherent, speedy, and really user-friendly. Leaving aside the negatives that stem from the Windows design (deprecated applications menu, irrational directory structure), ReactOS is almost perfect on what it does. It may not be very rich in terms of application selection, and it may not be very powerful in terms of features yet, but I am sure it's going to flourish. The numbers show great popularity, and I'm sure the community that's going to build up around it will soon be large enough to lead the project to success. Right now, version 0.4.1 looks promising to say the least. If you care about running Windows applications and doing so in an open way, give it a try!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/getting-started-with-reactos/
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作者：[Bill Toulas][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/getting-started-with-reactos/
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ReactOS 新手指南
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====================================
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ReactOS 是一个比较年轻的开源操作系统，它提供了一个和 Windows NT 类似的图形界面，并且它的目标也是提供一个与 NT 功能和应用程序兼容性差不多的系统。这个项目在没有使用任何 Unix 的情况下实现了一个类似 Wine 的用户模式。它的开发者们从头实现了NT 的架构以及对于 FAT32 的兼容，因此它也不需要负任何法律责任。这也就是说，它不是又双叒叕一个 Linux 发行版，而是一个类似 Windows 的独特的系统，它也是开源世界的一部分。这份快速指南是给那些想要一个使用简单的 Windows 的开源替代品的人准备的。
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### 安装系统
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在开始安装这个系统之前，我需要说明一下，ReactOS 的最低硬件要求是 500MB 硬盘以及仅仅 96MB 内存。我会在一个 32 位的虚拟机里面演示安装过程。
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现在，你需要使用箭头键来选择语言，而后通过回车键来选中你中意的语言，
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之后，再次敲击回车键来继续安装。你也可以选择按“R”键来修复现有的系统。
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在第三屏中，你将看到一个警告说这个系统还是早期开发版本。再次敲击回车键，你将看到一个需要你最后确认的配置概览。如果你认为都不错，就按回车。
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然后，我们就到了分区这一步，在这里，你可以使用“D”键删除高亮分区，分别使用“P”键，“E”键，以及“L”键来添加一个主分区或拓展分区或逻辑分区。如果你想要自己添加一个分区的话，你需要输入这个分区的大小（以 MB 为单位），然后通过回车来确认。
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但是，如果你有没有使用的硬盘空间，在分区阶段在此敲击回车键将会自动在你选中的分区上安装 ReactOS。
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下一步是选择分区的格式，但是现在我们只能选择 FAT32.
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再下一步是选择安装文件夹。我就使用默认的“/ReactOS”了，应该没有问题。
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然后就是等待...
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最后，我们要选择启动程序的安装位置。如果你是在实机上操作的话，第一个选项应该是最安全的。
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总之，我认为这个 ReactOS 的安装向导很直接。尽管安装程序的界面可能看起来一点也不现代，不友好，但是大多数情况下作为用户的我们只需要狂敲回车就能安个差不多。这就是说，ReactOS 的开发版安装起来也是相对简单方便的。
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### 设置 ReactOS
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在我们重启进入新系统之后，“设置向导”会帮助你设置系统。目前，这个向导仅支持设置语言和键盘格式。
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我在这里选择了第二个键盘格式。
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我还可以设置一个改变键盘格式的快捷键。
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之后我添加了用户名...
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...以及管理员密码...
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在设置好时间之后，我们就算完全了设置。
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### ReactOS 之内
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当我们最终第一次进入 ReactOS 的界面时，系统会检测硬件然后自动帮助我们安装驱动。
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这是我这里被自动检测出来的三个硬件：
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在上一张图片里你看到的是 ReactOS 的“应用管理器”，这东西很 Linux。尽管你不会在这里找到任何与 LInux 有关系的东西。只有在这个系统里工作良好的开源软件才会在这个管理器中出现。这就导致了管理器中有的分类下挤的满满当当，有的分类却冷清异常。
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我试着通过软件中心安装了 Firefox 以及通过直接下载exe文件双击安装 Notepad++。这两个应用都能完美运行：它们的图标出现在了桌面上，在菜单中也出现了它们的名字，Notepad ++ 也出现在了软件中心右侧的分类栏里。
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我没有尝试运行任何现代的 Windows 游戏，如果你想配置 Direct 3D 的话你可以转到 “我的电脑/控制选项/WineD3D 配置”。在那里，你能看到很多和 dx 8 相似的Direct3D 选项。
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ReactOS 还有一个好啊，就是我们可以通过“我的电脑”来操控注册表。
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如果你需要一个简单点的工具，你可以在停用菜单里打开注册表编辑器。
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最后，如果你认为 ReactOS 看起来有点过时了的话，你可以在桌面右击选择“属性”，之后在“外观”那里选择你喜欢的主题和颜色。
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### 结论
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老实说，我对 ReactOS 的工作方式印象深刻。它相当稳定，连贯，快速，真正人性化。抛开 Windows 的阴影（过时的应用菜单，不合理的菜单结构）不谈的话，ReactOS 几乎做到了尽善尽美。它可能不会有太多应用可供选择，现有的功能也可能不够强大，但是我确信它以后会有自己的一席之地。关于它的数据显示出了它的人气，我确定将要围绕它建立起来的社区将会很快就壮大到能把这个项目带往成功之路的地步。如今，ReactOS 的最新版本是 0.4.1。如果想要以开源的方式运行 Windows 的应用，那么它就是你的菜！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/getting-started-with-reactos/
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作者：[Bill Toulas][a]
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译者：[name1e5s](https://github.com/name1e5s)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/getting-started-with-reactos/
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