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[translated]19 - The history of Android
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The history of Android
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Google Music Beta running on Gingerbread.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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### Google Music Beta—cloud storage in lieu of a content store ###
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While Honeycomb revamped the Google Music interface, the Music app didn't go directly from the Honeycomb design to Ice Cream Sandwich. In May 2011, Google launched "[Google Music Beta][1]," an online music locker that came along with a new Google Music app.
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The new Google Music app for 2.2 and up took a few design cues from the Cooliris Gallery, of all things, going with a changing, blurry image for the background. Just about everything was transparent: the pop-up menus, the tabs at the top, and the now-playing bar at the bottom. Individual songs or entire playlists could be downloaded to the device for offline playback, making Google Music an easy way to make sure your music was on all your devices. Besides the mobile app, there was also a Webapp, which allowed Google Music to work on any desktop computer.
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Google didn't have content deals in place with the record companies to start a music store yet, so its stop-gap solution was to allow users to store songs online and stream them to a device. Today, Google has content deals for individual song purchases and all-you-can-eat subscription modes, along with the music locker service.
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### Android 4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich—the modern era ###
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The Samsung Galaxy Nexus, Android 4.0's launch device.
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Released in October 2011, Android 4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich, got the OS back on track with a release spanning phones and tablets, and it was once again open source. It was the first update to come to phones since Gingerbread, which meant the majority of Android's user base went almost a year without seeing an update. 4.0 was all about shrinking the Honeycomb design to smaller devices, bringing on-screen buttons, the action bar, and the new design language to phones.
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Ice Cream Sandwich debuted on the Samsung Galaxy Nexus, one of the first Android phones with a 720p screen. Along with the higher resolution, the Galaxy Nexus pushed phones to even larger sizes with a 4.65-inch screen—almost a full inch larger than the original Nexus One. This was called "too big" by many critics, but today many Android phones are even bigger. (Five inches is "normal" now.) Ice Cream Sandwich required a lot more power than Gingerbread did, and the Galaxy Nexus delivered with a dual core, 1.2Ghz TI OMAP processor and 1GB of RAM.
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In the US, the Galaxy Nexus debuted on Verizon with an LTE modem. Unlike previous Nexus devices, the most popular model—the Verizon version—was under the control of a carrier, and Google's software and updates had to be approved by Verizon before the phone could be updated. This led to delays in updates and the removal of software Verizon didn't like, namely Google Wallet.
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Thanks to the software improvements in Ice Cream Sandwich, Google finally achieved peak button removal on a phone. With the on-screen navigation buttons, the capacitive buttons could be removed, leaving the Galaxy Nexus with only power and volume buttons.
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Android 4.0 shrunk down a lot of the Honeycomb design.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The Tron aesthetic in Honeycomb was a little much. Immediately in Ice Cream Sandwich, Google started turning down some of the more sci-fi aspects of the design. The sci-fi clock font changed from a folded over semi-transparent thing to a thin, elegant, normal-looking font. The water ripple touch effect on the unlock circle was removed, and the alien Honeycomb clock widget was scrapped in favor of a more minimal design. The system buttons were redesigned, too, changing from blue outlines with the occasional thick side to thin, even, white outlines. The default wallpaper changed from the blue Honeycomb spaceship interior to a streaky, broken rainbow, which added some much-needed color to the default layout.
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The Honeycomb system bar features were split into a two-bar design for phones. At the top was the traditional status bar, and at the bottom was the new system bar, which housed the three system buttons: Back, Home, and Recent. A permanent search bar was added to the top of the home screen. The bar persisted on the screen the same way the dock did, so over the five home screens, it took up 20 icon spots. On the Honeycomb unlock screen, the small inner circle could be moved anywhere outside the larger circle to unlock the device. In Ice Cream Sandwich, you had to actually hit the unlock icon with the inner circle. This new accuracy requirement allowed Google to add another option to the lock screen: a camera shortcut. Dragging the inner circle to the camera icon would directly launch the camera, skipping the home screen.
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A Phone OS meant a ton more apps, and the notification panel became a full-screen interface again.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The App drawer was still tabbed, but the "My Apps" tab from Honeycomb was replaced with "Widgets," which was a simple 2×3 thumbnail view of widgets. Like Honeycomb, this app drawer was paginated and had to be swiped through horizontally. (Android still uses this app drawer design today.) New in the app drawer was an Android Google+ app, which existed separately for some time. Along with it came a shortcut to "Messenger," the Google+ private messaging service. ("Messenger" is not to be confused with "Messaging," the stock SMS app.)
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Since we're back to a phone now, Messaging, News and Weather, Phone, and Voice Dialer returned, and Cordy, a tablet game, was removed. Our screenshots are from the Verizon variant, which, despite being a Nexus device, was sullied by crapware like "My Verizon Mobile," and "VZ Backup Assistant." In keeping with the de-Tronification theme of Ice Cream Sandwich, the Calendar and Camera icons now looked more like something from Planet Earth rather than alien artifacts. Clock, Downloads, Phone, and Android Market got new icons, too, and "Contacts" got a new icon and a new name, becoming "People."
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The Notification panel got a big overhaul, especially when compared to the [previous Gingerbread design][2]. There was now a top header featuring the date, a settings shortcut, and a "clear all." While first Honeycomb allowed users to dismiss individual notifications by tapping on an "X" in the notification, Ice Cream Sandwich's implementation was much more elegant: just swipe the individual notifications to the left or right and they cleared. Honeycomb had blue highlights, but the blue tone was all over the place. Ice Cream Sandwich unified almost everything to a single blue (hex code #33B5E5, if you want to get specific). The background of the notification panel was made transparent, and the "handle" at the bottom changed to a minimal blue circle with an opaque black background.
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The main page of the Android Market changed back to black.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The Market got yet another redesign. It finally supported portrait mode again and added Music to the lineup of content you can buy in the store. The new Market extended the cards concept that debuted in Honeycomb and was the first version to use the same application on tablets and phones. The cards on the main page usually didn't link to apps, instead pointing to special promotional pages like "staff picks" or seasonal promotions.
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[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron is the Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he specializes in Android OS and Google products. He is always on the hunt for a new gadget and loves to rip things apart to see how they work.
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[@RonAmadeo][t]
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/19/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/05/hands-on-grooving-on-the-go-with-impressive-google-music-beta/
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[2]:http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/32.png
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
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[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
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安卓编年史
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姜饼上的 Google Music Beta。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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### Google Music Beta —— 取代内容商店的云存储 ###
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尽管蜂巢改进了 Google Music 的界面，但是音乐应用的设计并没有从蜂巢直接进化到冰淇淋三明治。2011年5月，谷歌发布了“[Google Music Beta][1]”，和新的 Google Music 应用一同到来的在线音乐存储。
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新 Google Music 为安卓2.2及以上版本设计，借鉴了 Cooliris 相册的设计语言，但也有改变之处，背景使用了模糊处理的图片。几乎所有东西都是透明的：弹出菜单，顶部标签页，还有底部的正在播放栏。可以下载单独的歌曲或整个播放列表到设备上离线播放，这让 Google Music 成为一个让音乐同步到你所有设备的好途径。除了移动应用外，Google Music 还有一个 Web 应用，让它可以在任何一台桌面电脑上使用。
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谷歌和唱片公司关于内容的合约还没有谈妥，音乐商店还没准备好，所以它的权宜之计是允许用户存储音乐到线上并下载到设备上。如今谷歌除了音乐存储服务外，还有单曲购买和订阅模式。
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### Android 4.0， 冰淇淋三明治 —— 摩登时代 ###
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三星 Galaxy Nexus，安卓4.0的首发设备。
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安卓4.0，冰淇淋三明治，在2011年10月发布，系统发布回到正轨，带来定期发布的手机和平板，并且安卓再次开源。这是自姜饼以来手机设备的第一个更新，意味着最主要的安卓用户群体近乎一年没有见到更新了。4.0随处可见缩小版的蜂巢设计，还将虚拟按键，操作栏（Action Bar），全新的设计语言带到了手机上。
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冰淇淋三明治在三星 Galaxy Nexus 上首次亮相，也是最早带有720p显示屏的安卓手机之一。随着分辨率的提高，Galaxy Nexus 使用了更大的4.65英寸显示屏——几乎比最初的 Nexus One 大了一整英寸。这被许多批评者认为“太大了”，但如今的安卓设备甚至更大。（5英寸现在是“正常”的。）冰淇淋三明治比姜饼的性能要求更高，Galaxy Nexus 配备了一颗双核，1.2Ghz 德州仪器 OMAP 处理器和1GB的内存。
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在美国，Galaxy Nexus 在 Verizon 首发并且支持 LTE。不像之前的 Nexus 设备，最流行的型号——Verizon版——是在运营商的控制之下，谷歌的软件和更新在手机得到更新之前要经过 Verizon 的核准。这导致了更新的延迟以及 Verizon 不喜欢的应用被移除，即便是 Google Wallet 也不例外。
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多亏了冰淇淋三明治的软件改进，谷歌终于达成了移除手机上按钮的目标。有了虚拟导航键，实体电容按钮就可以移除了，最终 Galaxy Nexus 仅有电源和音量是实体按键。
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安卓4.0将很多蜂巢的设计缩小了。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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电子质感的审美在蜂巢中显得有点多。于是在冰淇淋三明治中，谷歌开始减少科幻风的设计。科幻风的时钟字体从半透明折叠风格转变成纤细，优雅，看起来更加正常的字体。解锁环的水面波纹效果被去除了，蜂巢中的外星风格时钟小部件也被极简设计所取代。系统按钮也经过了重新设计，原先的蓝色轮廓，偶尔的厚边框变成了细的，设置带有白色轮廓。默认壁纸从蜂巢的蓝色太空船内部变成条纹状，破碎的彩虹，给默认布局增添了不少迟来的色彩。
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蜂巢的系统栏在手机上一分为二。在顶上是传统的状态栏，底部是新的系统栏，放着三个系统按钮：后退，主屏幕，最近应用。一个固定的搜索栏放置在了主屏幕顶部。该栏以和底栏一样的方式固定在屏幕上，所以在五个主屏上，它总共占据了20个图标大小的位置。在蜂巢的锁屏上，内部的小圆圈可以向大圆圈外的任意位置滑动来解锁设备。在冰淇淋三明治，你得把小圆圈移动到解锁图标上。这个新准确度要求允许谷歌向锁屏添加新的选项：一个相机快捷方式。将小圆圈拖向相机图标会直接启动相机，跳过了主屏幕。
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一个手机系统意味着更多的应用，通知面板重新回到了全屏界面。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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应用抽屉还是标签页式的，但是蜂巢中的“我的应用”标签被“部件”标签页替代，这是个简单的2×3部件略缩图视图。像蜂巢里的那样，这个应用抽屉是分页的，需要水平滑动换页。（如今安卓仍在使用这个应用抽屉设计。）应用抽屉里新增的是 Google+ 应用，后来独立存在。还有一个“Messenger”快捷方式，是 Google+ 的私密信息服务。（不要混淆 “Messenger” 和已有的 “Messaging” 短信应用。）
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因为我们现在回到了手机上，所以短信，新闻和天气，电话，以及语音拨号都回来了，以及Cordy，一个平板的游戏，被移除了。尽管不是 Nexus 设备，我们的截图还是来自 Verizon 版的设备，可以从图上看到有像 “My Verizon Mobile” 和 “VZ Backup Assistant” 这样没用的应用。为了和冰淇淋三明治的去电子风格主题一致，日历和相机图标现在看起来更像是来自地球的东西而不是来自外星球。时钟，下载，电话，以及安卓市场同样得到了新图标，联系人“Contacts”获得了新图标，还有新名字“People”。
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通知面板进行了大改造，特别是和[之前姜饼中的设计][2]相比而言。面板头部有个日期，一个设置的快捷方式，以及“清除所有”按钮。虽然蜂巢的第一个版本就允许用户通过通知右边的“X”消除单个通知，但是冰淇淋三明治的实现更加优雅：只要从左向右滑动通知即可。蜂巢有着蓝色高亮，但是蓝色色调到处都是。冰淇淋三明治几乎把所有地方的蓝色统一成一个（如果你想知道确定的值，hex码是#33B5E5）。通知面板的背景是透明的，底部的“把手”变为一个简单的小蓝圈，带着不透明的黑色背景。
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安卓市场的主页背景变成了黑色。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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市场获得了又一个新设计。它终于再次支持纵向模式，并且添加了音乐到商店中，你可以从中购买音乐。新的市场拓展了从蜂巢中引入的卡片概念，它还是第一个同时使用在手机和平板上的版本。主页上的卡片通常不是链接到应用的，而是指向特别的促销页面，像是“编辑精选”或季度促销。
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[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron是Ars Technica的评论编缉，专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物，还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
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[@RonAmadeo][t]
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/19/
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译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/05/hands-on-grooving-on-the-go-with-impressive-google-music-beta/
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[2]:http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/32.png
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
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[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
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