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geekpi
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[#]: subject: "Install and Use Nix Package Manager on non-Nix OS like Ubuntu"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-install-nix-package-manager/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1693450080"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Install and Use Nix Package Manager on non-Nix OS like Ubuntu
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======
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One of the reasons [why people like using the immutable NixOS][1] is its Nix package manager.
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It has over 80,000 packages, which might not be close to the number of Debian packages but pretty impressive nonetheless.
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The good thing is that you don't have to [install NixOS][2] just for the package manager. Like [Homebrew][3] and Rust's [Cargo package manager][4], you can use Nix package manager in your present distribution.
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Why would you do that? Because sometimes, you may find a new application that is only available in Nix packaging format. It's rare but possible.
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In this tutorial, I will walk you through the following:
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* Installing Nix package manager
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* Searching and installing packages
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* Try/test packages without installing them
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* Update packages
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* Removing packages
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### Install Nix package manager on other Linux distros
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There are two ways to install the Nix package manager: global install and local install.
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📋
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The global install means the nix package manager will be accessible by every user available on the system, whereas the local installation is only for the current user. The [official Nix documentation][5] recommends you use the global install.
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##### For global installation:
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If you want to install the Nix package manager globally, then, you need to execute the following command:
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```
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sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon
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```
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Once you execute the above command, you need to enter the `y` key and press the `Enter` key:
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![][6]
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Once done, close the current terminal as it won't work on the current terminal session.
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##### For local installation:
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If you prefer the local installation and don't want to use sudo every time, then execute the following command:
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```
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sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --no-daemon
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```
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Enter `y` and press the `Enter` key when asked for the confirmation.
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Once done, close the current terminal session and start a new one to use the Nix package manager.
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### Search and install packages
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Once you have installed the Nix package manager, the next step is to search for packages.
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First, [visit the official page of Nix search][7] and type the name of the package that you want to install.
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From the given description, you can find the package which you were looking for and then, choose the `nix-env` to go with the permanent installation.
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Here, you can add some extra keywords to have better search results. For example, here, I searched for "Firefox browser":
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![][8]
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The last step that I mentioned above (copy command) does nothing but gives you a command that you execute for the installation.
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Now, all you have to do is execute that command in your terminal.
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In my case, it gave me the following command to install Firefox:
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```
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nix-env -iA nixpkgs.firefox
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```
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Once done, you can list the installed packages using the following command:
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```
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nix-env -q
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```
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![][9]
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### Use packages without installing them
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By far this is the best feature of the Nix package manager as you get to use/test packages that are not even installed!
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For this, you can use the nix shell which lets you use an interactive shell with the specified package, and once closed, you can no longer access that package.
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Cool, right?
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To use the nix-shell to access your favorite package, use the following command syntax:
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```
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nix-shell -p <package_name>
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```
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For example, I wanted to use neofetch once, so I used the following:
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```
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nix-shell -p neofetch
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```
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![][10]
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To exit from the shell, all you have to do is execute the `exit` command:
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```
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exit
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```
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### Update packages using the Nix package manager
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Updating packages using the Nix package manager is pretty easy.
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To update packages, first, you need to update channels using the following command:
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```
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nix-channel --update
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```
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Next, you can list the outdated packages by dry-running the update command:
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```
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nix-env --upgrade --dry-run
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```
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![][11]
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In my case, the Firefox browser was outdated and needs to be updated!
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To update a single package, use the following command:
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```
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nix-env -u <Package_name>
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```
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And if you want to update all the packages at once, then use the following:
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```
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nix-env -u
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```
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### Remove packages using the Nix package manager
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To remove packages, all you have to do is execute the `nix-env` command in the following manner:
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```
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nix-env --uninstall [package_name]
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```
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For example, if I want to remove the Firefox browser, then, I will use the following command:
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```
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nix-env --uninstall firefox
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```
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![][12]
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### Unlock its full potential with NixOS
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If you liked the idea behind the Nix package manager, trust me, you're going to love the [NixOS][13].
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Reproducing the entire system just by using one config file was enough to convince me to make a switch to NixOS but there are more reasons:
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![][14]
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I love NixOS. So much so that I wrote a whole series so you don't have to go through documentation (for basics):
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![][14]
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I hope you will enjoy using it as much as I do.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-install-nix-package-manager/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-rust-cargo-ubuntu-linux/
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[5]: https://nixos.org/learn
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Install-nix-package-manager-globally.png
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[7]: https://search.nixos.org/packages
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Search-packages-to-install-using-the-Nix-package-manager.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/List-installed-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Use-packages-wihout-installing-them-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/List-outdated-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Remove-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager-1.png
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[13]: https://nixos.org/
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[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png
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@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
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[#]: subject: "Install and Use Nix Package Manager on non-Nix OS like Ubuntu"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-install-nix-package-manager/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1693450080"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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在 Ubuntu 等非 Nix 操作系统上安装和使用 Nix 包管理器
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======
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[人们喜欢使用不可变的 NixOS][1] 的原因之一是它的 Nix 包管理器。
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它有超过 80,000 个软件包，这可能与 Debian 软件包的数量不太接近，但仍然令人印象深刻。
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好处是你不必仅仅为了包管理器而[安装 NixOS][2]。与 [Homebrew][3] 和 Rust 的 [Cargo 包管理器][4] 一样，你可以在当前发行版中使用 Nix 包管理器。
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为什么要这么做？ 因为有时，你可能会发现仅以 Nix 打包格式提供的新应用。这种情况很少见，但有可能。
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在本教程中，我将引导你完成以下内容：
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* 安装 Nix 包管理器
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* 搜索并安装包
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* 尝试/测试软件包而不安装它们
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* 更新包
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* 删除包
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### 在其他 Linux 发行版上安装 Nix 包管理器
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Nix 包管理器有两种安装方式：全局安装和本地安装。
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📋
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全局安装意味着系统上的每个可用用户都可以访问 nix 包管理器，而本地安装仅适用于当前用户。[Nix 官方文档][5] 建议你使用全局安装。
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##### 对于全局安装：
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如果你想全局安装Nix包管理器，那么，你需要执行以下命令：
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````
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sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon
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````
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执行上述命令后，需要输入 `y` 键并按`回车`键：
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![][6]
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完成后，关闭当前终端，因为它不会在当前终端会话上运行。
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##### 对于本地安装：
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如果你更喜欢本地安装并且不想每次都使用 sudo，则执行以下命令：
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````
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sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --no-daemon
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````
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输入 `y` 并在要求确认时按`回车`键。
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完成后，关闭当前终端会话并启动一个新终端会话以使用 Nix 包管理器。
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### 搜索并安装包
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安装 Nix 包管理器后，下一步是搜索包。
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首先，[访问 Nix 搜索的官方页面][7]并输入你要安装的软件包的名称。
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从给定的描述中，你可以找到所需的软件包，然后选择 `nix-env` 进行永久安装。
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在这里，你可以添加一些额外的关键字以获得更好的搜索结果。例如，在这里，我搜索 “Firefox browser”：
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![][8]
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我上面提到的最后一步（复制命令）什么也不做，只是为你提供了一个用于安装的命令。
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现在，你所要做的就是在终端中执行该命令。
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就我而言，它给了我以下命令来安装 Firefox：
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````
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nix-env -iA nixpkgs.firefox
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````
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完成后，你可以使用以下命令列出已安装的软件包：
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````
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nix-env -q
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````
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![][9]
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### 使用包而不安装它们
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到目前为止，这是 Nix 包管理器的最佳功能，因为你可以使用/测试包甚至不用安装它！
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为此，你可以使用 nix shell，它允许你将交互式 shell 与指定的包一起使用，关闭后，你将无法再访问该包。
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很酷，对吧？
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要使用 nix-shell 访问你喜欢的软件包，请使用以下命令语法：
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````
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nix-shell -p <package_name>
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````
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例如，我想使用一次 neofetch，所以我使用了以下命令：
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````
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nix-shell -p neofetch
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````
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![][10]
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要退出 shell，你所要做的就是执行 `exit` 命令：
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````
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exit
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````
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### 使用 Nix 包管理器更新包
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使用 Nix 包管理器更新包非常简单。
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要更新软件包，首先，你需要使用以下命令更新频道：
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````
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nix-channel --update
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````
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接下来，你可以通过空运行更新命令来列出过时的软件包：
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````
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nix-env --upgrade --dry-run
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````
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![][11]
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就我而言，Firefox 浏览器已经过时，需要更新！
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要更新单个包，请使用以下命令：
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````
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nix-env -u <Package_name>
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````
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如果你想一次更新所有软件包，请使用以下命令：
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````
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nix-env -u
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````
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### 使用 Nix 包管理器删除包
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要删除软件包，你只需按以下方式执行 `nix-env` 命令即可：
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````
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nix-env --uninstall [package_name]
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````
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例如，如果我想删除 Firefox 浏览器，那么，我将使用以下命令：
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````
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nix-env --uninstall firefox
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````
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![][12]
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### 通过 NixOS 释放其全部潜力
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如果你喜欢 Nix 包管理器背后的想法，请相信我，你一定会喜欢 [NixOS][13]。
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仅使用一个配置文件来复制整个系统就足以说服我切换到 NixOS，但还有更多原因：
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我喜欢 NixOS。以至于我写了整个系列，这样你就不必阅读文档（基础知识）：
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我希望你能像我一样喜欢使用它。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-install-nix-package-manager/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-rust-cargo-ubuntu-linux/
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[5]: https://nixos.org/learn
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Install-nix-package-manager-globally.png
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[7]: https://search.nixos.org/packages
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Search-packages-to-install-using-the-Nix-package-manager.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/List-installed-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Use-packages-wihout-installing-them-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/List-outdated-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Remove-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager-1.png
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[13]: https://nixos.org/
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user